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Erasmus+
2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
REHAB
Rehabilitation and Integration into Society
of Drug Addicted Adults and Their Families
Madde Bağımlısı Yetişkinlerin ve Ailelerinin
Rehabilitasyonu ve Topluma Yeniden
Kazandırılması Projesi
Erasmus+
2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
DOMESTIC PROBLEMS AND
ADDICTION
Research Assoc. İhsan KUTLU
Erasmus+
2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Society; a
great
structural
building
3
Society- Family - Substance
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
FAMILY; principal building block
which constitutes this building
4
Society- Family- Substance
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
FAMILY; the
source of
power which
is required to
sustain this
building
5
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Substance
Addiction;
change factor
which exploits
this building’s
energy and
corrodes it over
time. 6
Society- Family- Substance
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Family and Addiction
• There is correlative cause and effect
relationship between addiction and family.
• Domestic problems may cause addiction;
• Addiction may cause domestic problems.
7
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education 8
Domestic problems
Addiction
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education 9
Domestic Problems
Violence
Lack of communication
Disloyalty
Negligence Abuse Incest
Economy driven
problems
Divorce
Sickness Disability Accident
Death
Addiction
Aile İçi Sorunlar
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Domestic Problems
10
• To underestimate,
• Neglect,
• Rule out a problem occurred in the family
• Gives rise to miss the opportunity of early recognition
and treatment.
• Problems are not independent of each other, An
unresolved problem creates a new problem.
• Relation between the problem is complex.
.
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Domestic Problems- Miscommunication
Common ground for all domestic problems: Miscommunication
Miscommunication between the spouses
Miscommunication between the brothers/sisters
Miscommunication between parents and children
Miscommunication between other family members
(mother in law, father in law etc.)
11
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Domestic Problems- Violence
12
Violence between the
spouses
Violence Between
brothers/sisters
Violence Between
parents-child
Violence in other family members
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Domestic Problems- Divorce
13
• Divorce= termination of marriagecontract between the spouses
• One of the outcomes of domesticproblems
The reasons that give rise to the divorce:
Severe conflict,
Infidelity,
Economic problems etc.
• Divorce; the cause of new problems
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Domestic Problems- Divorce
14
The risks which the members may face;
Feeling of loneliness and failure
The anxiety whether they will be loved or not
Negative reactions from the family and community
Being stigmatised as «Divorced»
Fear for living alone
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Domestic Problems- Divorce
• To make a divorce decision is quite a very
difficult affair. In this process, job
performances of the individuals diminish,
and moreover, it may also dismission of the
individuals.
• Life expectancy of the divorced individuals
are shorter than others. (For instance, suicide ratio
observed among the divorced men is quite high
compared to married ones.)
15
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Domestic Problems- Disloyalty
• Disloyalty is a contrary behaviour of one of the spousesagainst the family loyalty.
• Being in relationship with other person aside from thehis/her spouses.
• It causes the abolition of domestic confidence andorder.
16
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Domestic Problems– Economy Driven Problems
• Although poverty is a straight problem, it is also the source of
many diversified social problems.
• Failure in household maintenance may cause problems between
the members of the house.
• In the meantime, economic changes
may affect the families negatively.
17
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Domestic Problems– Negligence/Abuse/Incest
• Some situations, where the actors are generally elders, mayreverberate as domestic problem.
• Failure to show required interest by the elders to the children;depriving them of the necessary care;
• Exploitation of the children physically
or sexually;
• Going further with the child, occurrence
of the incidence which approaches to the incest;
• The incidents mentioned above might be originated sometimes bythe members of the family, and sometimes by the persons who areclose to the family.
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Domestic Problems– Sickness/Disability/Accident/Death
The factors which negatively affect systematic functioning of the family;
Illness
Having an accident
Becoming disabled
Pass away
Experience a sudden crisis
• Infliction of the family members with such an incident affects all ofthe family members negatively.
• Non-recoverable problems (such as deaths) requires adaptationperiod in which members of the family need to be accustomed.
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education 20
Mother Father
Child
Child
Loss of a
member’s life
negatively
affects family
system
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Domestic Problems– Addiction
• Addiction to a certain type of behaviour might bedeveloped, it may be to any kind of substance as well .
• Addiction status of any members of the family negativelyaffects domestic functioning, and may cause problems inthe family.
• Substance addiction, together with the dependency suchas internet, TV, gambling, alcohol is one of the mostimportant factors which cause domestic problems .
21
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Addictions
• Addiction; develops after individuals lose theircontrols over a certain behaviour.
• Addictions may be a result of domestic problemsmentioned above, it may as well be the cause ofthose problems.
22
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education 23
Addic
tio
ns
Alcohol Addiction
Shopping Addiction
Internet Addiction
Eating Addiction
Gambling Addiction
Playing Addiction
Television Addiction
SUBSTANCE ADDICTION
Etc.
Different types of addiction can listed:
Erasmus+
2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Substance Addiction
Adverse Outcomes of
Substance Addiction
24
SUBSTANCE ADDICTION
Economic
Social
Psychological
Health
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Addiction – With Respect to The Economy
25
Individuals try to reach the substance with their bag of tricks
It is difficult to earn regular income because of substance. Therefore, their income sources may
individually become insufficient in time.
In the cases where financial resources at hand fall short, individuals may resort to different means.
All of economic resources, especially the family, and kith and kin, are «exploited ».
In order to find financial resource, they tend to resort to the illegal actions.
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Addiction– With Social Aspect
Domestic relationships
Friend relationships
Working life relationships of the personwho is substance abuser may worsen inthe course of time.
26
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education 27
Addicted Person
Domestic Relations
Friendship Relations
Other Social
Relations
Working Life
Relations
Substance addiction
affects the relationships
of the persons with social sphere
adversely.
In the cases where
regular social relations are
not established, and being
deprived of social
support, it will be hard
for the individuals to sustain
the state of wellness.
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Addiction– With Respect to the PsychologySubstance addiction causes adverse consequences with respect to the psychologicalaspect.
• In a manner to be in a state of mutual interaction;• The persons with psychological disorders may begin to
use substance
Substance addicted persons might be exposed to psychological disorders.
28
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Addiction– With Respect to the Health• Substance addiction has the impacts which damage
health of the body.
• Although the substances used may vary according toits type, it may provide temporary state of feelingwell within its period of influence. Yet, the causespermanent damages in terms of the destruction andadverse effects created in the body.
• Incidents of death might may occur due to the useof substance.
29
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Addiction and The Family
•All of these adverse results mentioned with regard to the addiction damage the
systematics in the family.
•Family order becomes interrupted.
30
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
• Addicted individual may drift apart from social life orfrom circle of friends. Yet, the family remains as theenvironment which he lives in continually.
• The contact of the family with the addicted individualmay help deterioration of the addiction- as an adversefactor.
• For this reason, addiction is a «family illness».
• Addiction have influence in different forms depending onthe roles in the family.
31
Addiction and The Family
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
• Addiction with respect to the relationship with mother-father;
• Problematic mother-father relationship an theirupbringing manner may cause the child to use substance.
• Dialogue between nervous and problematic spouses isreflected on the child, too.
• The family, where the first social learning take place, mayfail to show the child the true coping skills.
32
Addiction and The Family
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
• Addiction with respect to the relationship with mother-father;
In the families where negative feelingsare expressed much more,
Quality relationships are rudimentary,
Verbal rewarding is little; self-confidences of the those children whobrought up in such a family are scarce.
Therefore, the circumstances may arisewhere one can not say «NO» to thesubstance.
33
Addiction and The Family
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
•Disintegrated or divorced family paves the wayfor substance abuse.
•According to a research conducted in USA, ithas been determined that more than halfpercent of heroin addicts originated formdivorced families.
34
Addiction and The Family
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
•The person who use substance bringsunwanted friends to family environment(home) or makes friendships with unwantedpersons.
•This situation may cause conflicts
İn the family.
35
Addiction and The Family
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
• Social relations of the family of theperson- who became involved invarious crimes for the sake of reachingthe substance- will deteriorate.
• It gives rise to deepening problems inthe family when addicted person telllie to his family, commit aggressivebehaviours, and yet, family tends tobe repressive against thesebehaviours.
36
Addiction and The Family
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
• Addiction and the Child;
• «Main source of childhood problems observed with children ofaddicted persons is the disharmony in the family ».
37
FOR THE CHILDREN OF THE ADDICTS
Addiction Ratio is higher
Behavioural disorders are higher
Cognitive Ability is weaker
School Success is
lower
Addiction and The Family
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Addiction and The Family
• During the childhood;
• Marital discord
• violence
• Conception of strict discipline
• Lack of the sphere of love and affection
• Punishing the child continuously, instead of preventingrecurrence of this faults through elucidating them
38
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Addiction and The Family
• In the childhood;THE REASONS SUCH AS;
• The efforts of child to make himself accepted by the world,while preferring the social spheres instead of the family,
• Losing his self confidence,
• Failing to find the love, affection and interest which he need inhis family, and seeking them in his compeers,
• Leaving the problems unresolved, and being under theinfluence of the problems and overwhelmed by them due thelack of a responsible approach by the family…
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Addiction and The Family
• In the childhood;
• …, in general, induce theyoung to enter into indecentenvironments,
• To become substanceaddicted, and
• May lead him, after sometime, experience a solitudewhich draw him close to thecrime.
40
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Addiction and The Family
• Familial risk is a significant factor forsubstance abuse of adolescents.
• Familial Risks which InduceSubstance Abuse for theAdolescents.
• Dispute in family atmosphere,quarrel, conflict, steal, family crisisor existence of negative behaviourswhich include high stress.
41
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Addiction and The Family
• Family Factors which Induce Substance Abuse for theAdolescents
Insufficient authority sharing
Poor communication
Specific family environments
Such that, problem solving is
not performed collectively
42
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Addiction and The Family• Parents-related examples and effects in substance abuse of the
adolescents (continued):
Extremely passive mothers
Perception of the adolescents that their parentsapprove substance abuse
Non-traditional types of family, andpartnership/relationship (live-in, etc.)
Lack of intimacy of parents to the child, and viceversa
43
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Addiction and The Family• Parents-related examples and effects in substance abuse of the adolescents
(continued):
Substance abuse by the parents
Absence of Parents
Extremely demanding or extremely protective parent,who lean on and threaten his/her child to put an endsubstance abuse of the child, drive them further inthis manner toward his/her substance addict friendsand estrange them from themselves.
44
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Addiction and The Family• Parents-related examples and
effects (continued):
Adolescents feel inadequatelove and support from theirparents
Strict controls enforced by theparents, or dispute over theconcept of discipline betweenthe parents
Parents with legal or mental disturbance
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Addiction and The Family
• Parents-related examples and effects (continued):
Conflict between theconceptions of ideal child forthe parents and the child inreality
Preferring the ineffective onein the utilisation of copingmechanism.
Use of substance as the copingmechanism in the family
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Addiction and The Family• Parents-related examples and effects (continued):
• Effects of the family which prevent substance abuse:
Positive relationship between parents-child
Concern of the parents about the lives of theirchildren
Family has consistent rules and restrictions
Existence of the bond between parents and the child. These conditions can be listed as the factors which prevent substance abuse among the adolescents
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Addiction and The Family• Parents-related examples and effects (continued):
• Preventive character of the family
Positive attachment in domestic interaction
Availability of emotional support
Lack of serious criticizing
Existence of basic sense of confidence
Follow-up of the child by the parents in a balanced manner
Availability of clear rules and expectations. These conditionsare considered as preventive factors for the adolescents.
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Addiction and The Family
• In the relations with the spouse;
Change in the roles is experienced due to the addiction.
Over-normal burden may fall on the other spousebecause persons do not fulfil requirements of their ownroles (caring about the children etc.).
Psychiatric symptoms may rise in company with theaddiction and other effects.
49
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Addiction and The Family
• Genetic effects;
• Existence of addiction story in family history increases thesubstance abuse predispotions of the persons.
• That is, it is possible to see substance addict persons in thefamilies of those persons who use substance.
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Addiction and The Family
• When addiction of a family member is discovered;
• They endure an emotional destruction and frustration.• In order to escape from this destruction, the clues related to
substance abuse are ignored occasionally. This time, however,they face substance abuse at a deteriorated level.
• When substance abuse is discovered, families can not easilyaccept this situation. To deny, to feel guilty, to feel rage-angerare the reactions observed commonly.
• So, an addicted individual affects whole family system.
51
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Conclusion
52
• Substance abuse and domestic problems, just like all other socialproblems, are complex social problems.
• While substance abuse affects the family; the family as well haseffect on substance abuse.
• Existence of substance abuser in the family affect all of the familymembers and gives rise to adverse consequences for familysystem.
• Although the family is not a sole imperative cause of substanceabuse, family systems, experiencing problems due to the variousreasons, pave the way for substance abuse.
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2016-1-TR01-KA204-036384- Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships for adult education
Kaynakça• 1) Gürol, Defne Tamar ve Ögel, Kültegin. Sigara, Alkol, Uyuşturucu ve Diğer
Bağımlılıklar. ‘Aile’. http://www.ogelk.net/Dosyadepo/aile.pdf. E.t. 22.05.2018.
• 2) Gürol, Defne Tamar, Ögel, Kültegin ve Çakmak, Duran. (1997). Uyuşturucu Madde Kullanımının Aile Üstüne Etkisi, TC Başbakanlık Aile Araştırma Kurumu Başkanlığı, Ankara. http://ailetoplum.aile.gov.tr/data/54293ea2369dc32358ee2b25/kutuphane_25_uyusturucu_madde_kullaniminin_aile_ustine_etkisi.pdf, E.t. 28.05.2018.
• 3) Bozkurt, Oğuzhan. (2015). Madde Bağımlısı Bireylerin Bağımlılık Süreçlerinde Ailenin Etkisi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, SBE. Ankara.
• 4) Mutlu, Ercan, Madde Bağımlılığında Ailenin Rolü, http://psikiyatriksosyalhizmet.com/madde-bagimliliginda-ailenin-rolü. E.t. 28.05.2018.
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