Rehab Clinical Pocket Guide

Kimberly A. Sackheim Editor

Rehab Clinical Pocket Guide

Rehabilitation Medicine

Editor Dr. Kimberly A. Sackheim Rehabilitation Medicine Pain Medicine and Palliative Care Beth Israel Medical Center New York , NY, USA

ISBN 978-1-4614-5418-2 ISBN 978-1-4614-5419-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-5419-9 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London

Library of Congress Control Number: 2012954480

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, speci fi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro fi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied speci fi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci fi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.

Printed on acid-free paper

Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

To my parents for their love and support throughout the years. Also, to my husband, I don’t know what I would do without you.

vii

Foreword

As a book author myself, I was extremely impressed with the thor-oughness and relevance of this clinical pocket guide. Too often, resi-dents struggle to fi nd the appropriate references when managing patients. While this book in no means replaces the need to reference the appropriate rehabilitation texts, it can supplement such learning, providing physiatry residents with an intensi fi ed focus on their clinical responsibilities.

Dr. Sackheim has created this pocket guide with the foremost chal-lenges facing residents in the fi eld of physical medicine and rehabilita-tion in mind. Nonetheless, it will appeal to a much broader audience, as it does not focus solely on residents’ needs. Each chapter was writ-ten by a specialist in the appropriate fi eld and is diagnosis based, describing in detail pertinent anatomy, symptoms, diagnostics, and treatments needed. It contains detailed rehabilitation prescriptions, order sets for in-patient admissions, and treatment protocols for reha-bilitation medical emergencies. For convenience, this book also has speci fi c dosing of medications. However, as is necessary for providing appropriate care, it is highly recommended that you con fi rm dosing for each patient and take into account his or her personal medical history.

viii Foreword

I trust that this pocket guide will soon become an integral compo-nent for all physiatry residents during their training and will continue to prove useful throughout their career.

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Dr. Joseph E. HerreraMount Sinai Medical Center,New York, NY, USA

ix

Preface

During my physiatry residency, I often found myself scrambling through the chapters of numerous cumbersome textbooks for the information that I needed to properly manage my patients. These text-books, while written by experts in their respective fi elds, often pro-vided me with an overload of details for the task at hand. As a result, I was often unsure of what to focus on and which source was right for each individual rotation. With rotations changing monthly, it became clear that there did not exist a single, transportable, and concise guide that contained all of the relevant clinical information I needed on the rehabilitation unit. At that time I had just fi nished internship, and despite my excellent training, I was still not at the comfort level nec-essary to easily take emergency calls in the middle of the night for my rehab patients. All of this, combined with my last-minute decision to enter the fi eld of rehabilitation, only added to an already stressful and overbearing experience. While the ultimate goal was to excel in this fi eld and to be a great doctor to my patients, this aspiration was over-shadowed by my struggle for a simple organized clinical approach.

In response to these challenges, I started gathering information into a little book that accompanied me wherever I went. Initially, I diligently entered important facts from lectures, rounds, and books that I needed to succeed in my rotations. These notes grew as I began adding medication dosing, consultant recommendations, speci fi c rehabilitation goals and treatments, and billing details for each diag-nosis. Recognizing how useful this information would have been to me at the start of residency, I decided to share these details to help others in similar circumstances succeed more easily in the fi eld reha-bilitation medicine.

x Preface

This book provides all clinical material at your fi ngertips to properly treat patients and excel in the fi eld of physical medicine and rehabilitation. Appealing to a wide variety of medical occupa-tions from therapists and nutritionists to medical students and phy-sicians, this pocket guide should prove to be an indispensable part of your daily practice. Hopefully, it can help alleviate some level of stress during residency; but at a minimum, I am con fi dent that it will help you to focus, impress your patients and attendings, and further surpass your colleagues.

We are committed to excellence so please e-mail any comments to rehabclinicalpocketguide@gmail.com.

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Dr. Kimberly A. SackheimDepartment of Pain Medicine

and Palliative Care,Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

xi

Acknowledgments

I give gratitude to those of you who throughout my training pushed me to strive for excellence. Dr. Jerry Weissman, we truly appreciate your dedication to teaching and to the fi eld of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Also, thank you to all of the amazing authors for their hard work to help the dream of this book become a reality.

xiii

Abbreviation List

> Greater than < Less than 5× 5 times 5HT3 Subtype of serotonin receptor

A Assist Ab Antibody ABC’s Airway, breathing, circulation ABG Arterial blood gas AAROM Active assistive range of motion AC Acromioclavicular ACE-I Angitoensin converting enzyme inhibitor ACL Anterior cruciate ligament ACSM American college of sports medicine ACTH Adrenocortictropic hormone ACPA Anti-citrullinated peptide antibody ACR American college of rheumatology AD Autonomic dysre fl exia ADL Activities of daily living A. Fib Atrial fi brillation Abx Antibiotics AC Anticoagulation ADH Antidiuretic hormone ADM Abductor digiti minimi ADMP Abductor digiti minimi pedis AED Antiepileptic drug AFO Ankle foot orthosis AH Abductor hallucis

xiv Abbreviation List

AIDP Acute in fl ammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

AIN Anterior interosseous nerve (in electrodiagnostics), or

AIN Acute interstitial nephritis AIS ASIA impairment scale aka Also known as AKA Above knee amputation AKI Acute kidney injury AL Amyloid light chain ALL Anterior longitudinal ligament ALS Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALT Alanine aminotransferase AMI Arthrogenic muscle inhibition AMS Altered mental status ANA Antinuclear antibody Anti-Ds DNA Anti-double-stranded DNA Anti-Sm Anti-smith AOC Alteration of consciousness AP Anterior–posterior APB Abductor pollicis brevis AROM Active range of motion AS Ankylosing spondylitis ASA Aspirin ASAP As soon as possible ASIA American Spinal Injury Association ASIS Anterior superior iliac spine AST Aspartate Aminotransferase ATFL Anterior talo fi bular ligament ATN Acute tubular necrosis ATP Assistive technology professional AVM Arteriovenous malformation AVN Avascular necrosis AZT Zidovudine

b Beta BBB Blood brain barrier BI Brain injury BID Twice per day BiPAP Bilevel positive airway pressure

xvAbbreviation List

BKA Below knee amputation BM Bowel movement BMI Body mass index BMP Basic metabolic panel (aka chem-7) BP Blood pressure BPH Benign prostatic hypertrophy BPM Beats per minute Bps Beats per seconds BR Brachioradialis BSS Brown–Sequard syndrome BUN Blood urea nitrogen

C Celsius C-collar Cervical collar CABG Coronary artery bypass graft CAD Coronary artery disease CAP Community acquired pneumonia CBC Complete blood count CBT Cognitive behavioral therapy cc Chief complaint or Cubic centimeter CCU Coronary care unit CD Compact disc C diff Clostridium dif fi cile infection CESI Cervical epidural steroid injection CFN Common fi bular nerve CG Contact guard CHF Congestive heart failure CIDP Chronic in fl ammatory demyelinating

polyneuropathy CIMT Constraint induced movement therapy CK Creatinine kinase CKC Closed kinetic chain CKD Chronic kidney disease CNS Central nervous system CMAP Compound motor action potential CMBB Cervical medial branch block CMP Comprehensive metabolic panel CMT Charcot marie tooth CMV Continuous mandatory ventilation CN Cranial nerve

xvi Abbreviation List

CO Cardiac output CO2 Carbon dioxide COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COX Cyclooxygenase enzyme CP Cerebral palsy CPAP Continuous positive airway pressure CPP Chronic pelvic pain CTS Carpal tunnel syndrome CPC Carpometacarpal joint CPK Creatine phospokinase CPM Continuous passive motion CPP Cerebral perfusion pressure CPPD Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate Cps Cylces per seconds CR Cardiac rehabilitation Cr Creatinine CRDs Complex repetitive discharges CRP C Reactive protein CRPP Closed reduction percutaneous pinning CRPS Complex regional pain syndrome CRS Coma recovery scale CSF Cerebrospinal fl uid CSF Cerebrospinal fl uid C-spine Cervical spine CSW Cerebral salt wasting CT Computed tomography CTLSO Cervico-thoraco-lumbo-sacral orthosis CTS Carpal tunnel syndrome CV Conduction Velocity, or CV Cardiovascular CVA Cerebrovascular accident CVD Cardiovascular disease Cx Culture CXR Chest X-ray

D5NS 5 % Dextrose in normal saline solution D5W 5 % Dextrose in water d/o Disorder DAI Diffuse axonal injury DBP Diastolic blood pressure

xviiAbbreviation List

DBS Deep brain stimulator D/C Discharge DC Direct current DCS Double contour sign Dep Dependent DFN Deep fi bular nerve DI Diabetes insipidus DIC Diffuse intravascular coagulation DIP Distal Interphalangeal joint DJD Degenerative joint disease DM Dermatomyositis-rheum DM Diabetes mellitus-cardio DMARDs Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs DME Durable medical equipment DOE Dyspnea on exertion DR Dorsal root DREZ Doral root entry zone lesion DRG Dorsal root ganglion DSD Detrusor–sphincter dyssynergia DUC Dorsal ulnar cutaneous DVT Deep vein thrombosis DWI Diffusion-weighted imaging DVT Deep vein thrombosis DVT/PE Deep venous thrombosis/Pulmonary

embolism

EAS External anal sphincter EBS Electrical bone growth stimulator ECG Electrocardiogram Echo Echocardiogram ECR Extensor carpi radialis ECRB Extensor carpi radialis brevis EDB Extensor digitorum brevis EDL Extension digitorum longus EE Elbow extension EEG Electroencephalography EF Ejection fraction eGFR Estimated glomerular fi ltration rate EHL Extensor hallucis longus EIP Extensor indicis proprius

xviii Abbreviation List

EKG Electrocardiogram ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay EMG Electromyography EMG/NCS Electromyography/Nerve conduction studies ENT Ear nose and throat ER External rotation ESI Epidural steroid injection ESLD End stage liver disease ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate EST Exercise stress test etc Etcetera EtOH Alcohol eval Evaluation EVD Endoventricular drain ex. Example

F Fahrenheit FADIR Flexion, adduction, internal rotation FAI Femoralacetabular impingement FCR Flexor carpi radialis FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris FDB Flexor digitorum brevis FDI First dorsal interosseus FDP Flexor digitorum profundus FDS Flexor digitorum super fi cialis FE Finger extension FENa Fractional excretion of sodium FES Functional electrical stimulation FEV1 Forced expiratory volume in 1 s FFP Fresh frozen plasma FHB Flexor hallucis brevis Fibs Fibrillation potentials FIM Functional Independence Measure FOOSH Fall on outstretched hand FM Fibromylagia FPB Flexor pollicis brevis FPL Flexor pollicis longus FROM Full range of motion F/S D Forequarter/Shoulder disarticulation FSH Follicle-stimulating hormone

xixAbbreviation List

FSHMD Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy FVC Functional vital capacity

GABA Gamma-aminobutyric acid Gallium-Arsenide (GaAs) lasers GBS Guillain–Barre syndrome GCS Glasgow coma scale GFR Glomerular fi ltration rate GH Glenuhumeral GI Gastrointestinal GMFCS Gross motor functional classi fi cation system GN Glomerulonephritis G-tube Gastrostomy tube GU Genitourinary

h Hours H20 Water HA Headache Hb Hemoglobin HCA Hyperechoic cloudy areas HCTZ Hydrochlorothiazide HD Hemodialysis HeNe Helium-neon HEP Home exercise program HHA Home health aide HIV Human immune de fi ciency virus HO Heterotopic ossi fi cation HPI History of present illness HR Heart rate Hrs Hours HTN Hypertension HVPC High volt pulse current Hz Hertz

IAS Internal anal sphincter IBD In fl ammatory bowel disease IBM Inclusion body myositis IBW Ideal body weight IC Intermittent catheterization IC Interstitial cystitis

xx Abbreviation List

ICD Implantable cardiac de fi brillator ICH Intracranial hemorrhage ICP Intracranial pressure ICU Intensive care unit IDEA Individuals with disabilities act IDD Internal disc derangement IFC Interferential current Ig Immunoglobulin IGF Insulin-like growth factor IL Interlaminar IM Intramuscular IM Intramedullary (in ortho chapter) Ind Independent INR International normalized ratio IPPV Intermittent positive pressure ventilation IQ Intelligence quotient IR Internal rotation ISIS International spine intervention society ISL Interspinous ligament ISNY Icelandic–Swedish–New York ISO International Standard Organization ITB Iliotibial band, or ITB Intrathecal baclofen pump (in SCI/TBI) IV Intravenous IVC Inferior vena cava IVF Intra-venous fl uid IVH Intraventricular hemorrhage IVIG Intravenous immune globulin

JIA Juvenile idiopathic arthritis JRA Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis Jt Joint JVP Jugular venous pressure

K Potassium KAFO Knee-ankle-foot orthosis KUB Kidneys–Ureters–Bladder X-ray

L2 2nd lumbar vertebrae L3 3rd lumbar vertebrae L5 5th lumbar vertebrae

xxiAbbreviation List

LAC Lateral antecubital cutaneous LAD Lymphadenopathy LAM Levator ani muscles lb Pounds LBP Low back pain LDH Lactate dehydrogenase LE Lower extremity LEMS Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome LESI Lumbar epidural steroid injection LF Ligamentum fl avum LFT Liver function test LFTs Liver function tests LGMD Limb girdle muscular dystrophies LH Luteinizing hormone LHBF Long head of biceps femoris LLLT Low-level laser therapy LMBB Lumbar medial branch block LMN Lower motor neuron LMWH Low molecular weight heparin LN Ligamentum nuchae LOC Loss of consciousness LP Lumbar puncture L-S Lumbosacral LT Light touch LV Left ventricular LVAD Left ventricular assist device LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction

mA Milliamperes MAC Medial antecubital cutaneous Mag Magnesium MAS Modi fi ed ashworth scale MAOI Monoamine oxidase inhibitor MAP Mean arterial pressure MAS Modi fi ed ashworth scale MB Medial branch MBB Medial branch block max Maximum mcg Microgram MCP Metacarpophalangeal joint MCS Minimally conscious state

xxii Abbreviation List

MCV Mean corpuscular volume MD Muscular dystrophy MDA Muscular dystrophy association MEP Motor evoked potentials METs Metabolic equivalents mg Milligram MG Myasthenia gravis MGA Martin gruber anastomosis MHz Megahertz MI Myocardial infarction MMSE Mini mental status exam MMT Manual muscle testing MNCS Motor nerve condution studies MND Motor neuron disease MoCA Montreal cognitive assessment Mod Moderate MPH Miles per hour m s Microseconds m A Microamperes MRADL Mobility related activity of daily living MRI Magnetic resonance imaging MS Multiple sclerosis MSK Musculoskeletal MTP Metatarsophalangeal joint MTX Methotrexate MUA Manipulation under anesthesia MUAP’s Motor unit action potentials mV Millivolt uV Microvolt MVA Motor vehicle accident MVIC Maximum voluntary isometric contraction

n Nano, (nm = nanometer, ns = nano seconds) n/v Nausea/vomiting Na Sodium NCS Nerve conduction studies NG Naso-gastric NGT Naso-gastric tube NIF Negative inspiratory force

xxiiiAbbreviation List

NIPPVN Non invasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation

NMES Neuromuscular electrical stimulation NMJ Neuromuscular junction NMO Neuromyelitis optica NMS Neuroleptic malignant syndrome NPO Nil per os (Nothing by mouth) NPSG Nocturnal polysomnography NS Normal saline (0.9 % NaCl) NSAID Non steroidal anti-in fl ammatory drug NSAIDS Non-steroidal anti-in fl ammatory drugs NWB Non-weight bearing NYHA New York Heart Association

O&P Ova and parasites OA Osteoarthritis OI Obturator internus OKC Open kinetic chain O-Log Orientation log OMT Osteopathic manipulation therapy OOB Out of bed OPB Opponens pollicis brevis ORIF Open reduction internal fi xation OT Occupational therapy

P Pulse PAID Paroxysmal autonomic instability and

dystonia PBS Painful bladder syndrome PBWSTT Partial body weight supported treadmill

training PC Pulse current PCL Posterior cruciate ligament PD Peritoneal dialysis PDMS-2 Peabody developmental motor scale 2 PE Pulmonary embolism PEA Pulse less electrical activity PEEP Positive end-expiratory pressure PEG Percutaneous-endoscopic gastrostomy PEJ Percuataneous-endoscopic jejunostomy

xxiv Abbreviation List

PEMF Pulsed electromagnetic fi elds PER Pronation-external rotation PFD Pelvic fl oor dysfunction PFT Pulmonary function tests PFM Pelvic fl oor muscles P-gp P-glycoprotein PGP Pelvic girdle pain PHR Peak heart rate PIN Posterior interosseus nerve PIP Proximal interphalangeal joint PLL Posterior longitudinal ligament PLS Primary lateral sclerosis PM Polymyositis PMA Progressive muscular atrophy PMH Past medical history PMR Polymyalgia rheumatica PN Peripheral ner ve PNA Pneumonia PO Per os (By mouth, oral diet) POD Postoperative day POP Pelvic organ prolapsed PP Pin prick PPI Proton pump inhibitor pps Pulse per seconds PQ Pronator quadrates PRAFO Pressure relief ankle foot orthosis PRD Pressure relieving device PRE Progressive resistive exercises PRN As needed PROM Passive range of motion PRP Platelet rich plasma PSH Past surgical history psi Pounds per square inch PSIS Posterior superior iliac spines PSWs Positive sharp waves PSWD Pulsed shortwave diathermy psych Psychiatric pt Patient PT Physical therapy PT Prothrombin time

xxvAbbreviation List

PTA Post-traumatic amnesia PTB Patellar tendon-bearing socket PTS Post-traumatic seizure PTSD Post-traumatic stress disorder PTT Partial thromboplastin time PTX Pneumothorax PWB Partial weight bearing PVFB Progressive ventilator-free breathing PVR Post-void residual

Q Every Q2h Every 2 h Q8hrs Every 8 h Qac Before meals Qhs Before bed QD Daily QHS Bedtime

R/o Rule out RA Rheumatoid arthritis RBCs Red blood cells RD Registered dietitian RF Rheumatoid factor or radiofrequency (in

interventional pain) RHR Resting heart rate RNS Repetitive nerve stimulation ROM Range of motion ROS Review of systems RPE Rating of perceived exertion RR Respiratory rate RRMS Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis RTC Rotator cuff

S1 1st sacral vertebrae SACH Solid ankle cushion heel SaO

2 Oxygen saturation

SAP Superior articulating process (in pain), or SAP Serum alkaline phosphatase SBP Systolic blood pressure SCD Sickle cell disease (in rheumatology), or

xxvi Abbreviation List

SCD Sequential compression devices SCI Spinal cord injury SCM Sternocleidomastoid SCS Spinal cord stimulation SD Standard deviation SEAS Scienti fi c exercises approach to scoliosis SER Supination-external rotation SFN Super fi cial fi bular nerve SHBF Short head of biceps femoris SI Sacroiliac SIADH Syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic

hormone secretion SIJ Sacroiliac joint SIMV (Synchronized) Intermittent mandatory

ventilation SOB Shortness of breath SJS Steven–Johnson syndrome SLE Systemic lupus erythematosus SLP Speech language pathologist SLR Straight leg raise SMA Spinal muscular atrophy SMART Sensory modality assessment rehabilitation

technique SNAP Sensory nerve action potential SNRI Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor SNCS Sensory nerve conduction studies SPET Single-photon emission tomography SSEP Somatosensory evoked potentials SSL Supraspinous ligament SV Stroke volume SLR Straight leg raise SS Sacrospinous SSRI Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ST Sacrotuberous STIR Short tau inversion recovery SubQ or SC Subcutaneous SUNA Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache

attacks with cranial autonomic features SUNCT Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache

attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing SWD Short wave diathermy

xxviiAbbreviation List

TA Tibialis anterior TAC Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias TBD To be determined TBI Traumatic brain injury TCA Tricyclic antidepressant TDWB Touch down weight bearing TEE Transesophageal echocardiogram Temp Temperature TENS Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation TES Total elastic suspension TFESI Transformainal epidural steroid injection TFs Tube feeds TFL Tensor fascia lata THA Total hip arthroplasty THR Total hip replacement TH/E D Transhumeral/Elbow disarticulation TID Three times per day TKA Total knee replacement TKR Total knee replacement TLSO Thoraco–lumbo–sacral orthosis TMA Transmetatarsal amputations TNF Tumor necrosis factor TON Third occipital nerve TP Transverse process TPN Total parenteral nutrition Trach Tracheostomy TR/W D Transradial/Wrist disarticulation TSB Total surface-bearing socket TSH Thyroid-stimulating hormone TT Tarsal tunnel TTP/HUS Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/

hemolytic uremic syndrome TTWB Toe touch weight bearing TV Tidal volume

UA or U/A Urinalysis UCL Ulnar collateral ligament UCBL University of California Berkeley Laboratory UCx Urine culture UE Upper extremity UH Unfractionated heparin

xxviii Abbreviation List

UMN Upper motor neuron UOP Urine output US or u/s Ultrasound U.S. United States USP unit United States Pharmacopeia unit UTI Urinary tract infections

VC Vital capacity Vent Ventilator VGCC Voltage-gated calcium channel vit. Vitamin VMO Vastus medialis obliquus VO

2 Oxygen consumption

VO 2 max Aerobic capacity

VPA Valproic acid VPS Ventriculoperitoneal shunt VS Vegetative state Vs. Versus VTE Venous thromboembolism

w/ With w/c Wheelchair W/cm 2 Watts/cm squared WBAT Weight bearing as tolerated WBC White blood count WE Wrist extension WNL Within normal limits

XR X-ray

Yrs Years

ZPP Zone of partial preservation

xxix

Contents

Part I Inpatient Clinical Care

1 Brain Injury ...................................................................... 3Jason W. Siefferman and Rosanna C. Sabini

2 Spinal Cord Injury ........................................................... 51Jason W. Siefferman, Christopher Sahler, Donna G. D’Alessio, Yolanda Scott, and Avniel Shetreat-Klein

3 Neuromuscular Rehabilitation ....................................... 115Andres Deik, Paul Lee, and Daniel MacGowan

4 Orthopedic Rehabilitation............................................... 141Joe Vongvorachoti and Crystal D. Thomas

5 Pediatric Rehabilitation ................................................... 215Sarah Khan and Colette Maduro

6 Cardiac Rehabilitation .................................................... 259Isaac Darko and Michelle Robalino-Sanghavi

Part II Clinical Strategies

7 Nutrition in Rehabilitation Medicine ............................. 279Natalie Kretzer

8 Wheelchair Prescription Writing ................................... 289Jenny Lieberman

xxx Contents

9 Modalities.......................................................................... 305Paul Lee

10 Medical Complications and Emergencies in Rehabilitation ............................................................... 333Lauren Stern

Part III Outpatient Clinical Care

11 Musculoskeletal Medicine ............................................... 357Sagar S. Parikh, Naimish Baxi, and Sandia A. Padavan

12 Interventional Pain Management ................................... 427Houman Danesh and Jennifer Sayanlar

13 Musculoskeletal Pelvic Pain and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction............................................................. 467Jaclyn Bonder, John-Ross Rizzo, Nayeema Chowdhury, and Samia Sayegh

14 Rheumatology ................................................................... 487Richard G. Chang, Aziza Kamani, Anureet Brar, and David N. Bressler

15 Prosthetics ......................................................................... 529Gregory Burkard Jr., John-Ross Rizzo, Jeffrey Heckman, and Jeffrey Cohen

Part IV Additional Diagnostics and Therapeutics

16 Electrodiagnostic Studies ................................................ 559Emerald Lin, Jason W. Siefferman, and Joyce Ho

17 Medical Acupuncture ...................................................... 615Shan Babeendran, John-Ross Rizzo, and Alex Moroz

18 Common Medications Used in Rehabilitation Medicine ............................................................................ 627Christopher Sahler

Index .......................................................................................... 669

xxxi

Contributors

Shan Babeendran , D.O . Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , New York University Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

Naimish Baxi , M.D. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Mount Sinai Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

Jaclyn Bonder , M.D. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , New York University Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

Anureet Brar , D.O. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Mount Sinai Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

David N. Bressler , M.D. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Elmhurst Hospital , Elmhurst , NY , USA

Gregory Burkard Jr., D.O. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , New York University Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

Richard G. Chang , M.D., M.P.H. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Mount Sinai Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

Nayeema Chowdhury , D.O. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , New York University Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

Jeffrey Cohen , M.D. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , New York University Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

Donna G. D’Alessio , M.D. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Mount Sinai Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

xxxii Contributors

Houman Danesh , M.D. Department of Anesthesiology , The Mount Sinai Hospital , New York , NY , USA

Isaac Darko , M.D. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Mount Sinai Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

Andres Deik , M.D. Department of Neurology , Beth Israel Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

Jeffrey Heckman , D.O. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , New York University Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

Joyce Ho , M.D. Department of Anesthesiology , University of California , Irvine , CA , USA

Aziza Kamani , M.D. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Mount Sinai Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

Sarah Khan , D.O. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York , NY , USA

Natalie Kretzer , R.D., C.D.N. Department of Clinical Nutrition , Mount Sinai Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

Paul Lee , P.T. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Beth Israel Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

Jenny Lieberman , M.S.O.T. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Mount Sinai Hospital , New York , NY , USA

Emerald Lin , M.D. Department of Anesthesiology , The Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA

Daniel MacGowan , M.D., M.R.C.P.I. Department of Neurology , Beth Israel Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

Colette Maduro , D.O. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Elmhurst Hospital , Elmhurst , NY , USA

Alex Moroz , M.D. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , New York University Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

Sandia A. Padavan , M.D. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Mount Sinai Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

Sagar S. Parikh , M.D. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Mount Sinai Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

xxxiiiContributors

Michelle Robalino-Sanghavi , M.D. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Mount Sinai Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

John-Ross Rizzo , M.D. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , New York University Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

Rosanna C. Sabini , D.O . Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , North Shore – Long Island Jewish as Southside , Bay Shore , NY , USA

Christopher Sahler , M.D. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Mount Sinai Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

Jennifer Sayanlar , D.O. Pain Management and Palliative Care, Pain and Wellness Center , Englewood Hospital , Englewood , NJ , USA

Samia Sayegh , D.O. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , New York University Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

Yolanda Scott , M.D. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Mount Sinai Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

Avniel Shetreat-Klein , M.D., Ph.D. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Mount Sinai Medical Center , New York , NY , USA

Jason W. Siefferman , M.D . Department of Anesthesiology, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA

Lauren Stern , M.D. Department of Medicine and Nephrology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA

Crystal D. Thomas , D.P.T. Outpatient Orthopedic Private Physical Therapy Practice , Sports Physical Therapy of New York , New York , NY , USA

Joe Vongvorachoti , M.D. Sports Medicine and Spine, Hospital for Special Surgery , New York , NY , USA