Regulatory view on licensing and commissioning of Temelín NPP

RRegulatory view on licensing andegulatory view on licensing andcommissioningcommissioning of Temelín of Temelín NPPNPP

Dana Drábová, Karel Dana Drábová, Karel BöhmBöhm, Petr Brandejs, Zdeněk Tipek, Petr Brandejs, Zdeněk Tipek State Office for Nuclear Safety

Prague -Temelín, Czech Republic

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PRESENTATION OVERVIEWPRESENTATION OVERVIEW

–– Four pillars of safe use of nuclear energyFour pillars of safe use of nuclear energyand ionizing radiationand ionizing radiation

–– Legislative basesLegislative bases–– Supervising strategySupervising strategy–– Main problems during commissioningMain problems during commissioning–– SÚJB Inspection Effort SummarySÚJB Inspection Effort Summary

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FOUR PILLARS OF SAFE USE OF NUCLEARFOUR PILLARS OF SAFE USE OF NUCLEARENERGY AND IONISING RADIATION:ENERGY AND IONISING RADIATION:–– Well defined regulatory frameworkWell defined regulatory framework

–– Continuous enhancement of the legislativeContinuous enhancement of the legislativeframeworkframework

–– Independent third party peer reviews of theIndependent third party peer reviews of thenuclear power infrastructure keynuclear power infrastructure keycomponentscomponents

–– Well developed nuclear infrastructureWell developed nuclear infrastructureincluding competent license holdersincluding competent license holders

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REGULATORY FRAMEWORKREGULATORY FRAMEWORK

The regulatory authority in area of peacefulThe regulatory authority in area of peacefulutilization of nuclear energy and ionizingutilization of nuclear energy and ionizingradiation is the State Office for Nuclearradiation is the State Office for NuclearSafety (SÚJB)Safety (SÚJB),, established on the 1st of established on the 1st ofJanuary 1993 as direct successor of theJanuary 1993 as direct successor of theCzechoslovak Atomic Energy Commission.Czechoslovak Atomic Energy Commission.

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STATE OFFICE FOR NUCLEAR SAFETYSTATE OFFICE FOR NUCLEAR SAFETYAn Independent Regulatory AuthorityAn Independent Regulatory Authority

–– Basic legal powers and responsibilities of theBasic legal powers and responsibilities of theSÚJB are given by the Constitutional Law andSÚJB are given by the Constitutional Law andassociated Act on Distribution of Competenciesassociated Act on Distribution of Competencieswithin the Governmental structure.within the Governmental structure.

–– Specific provisions with respect to nuclear safety,Specific provisions with respect to nuclear safety,radiation protection, emergency preparednessradiation protection, emergency preparednessand nuclear security are stipulated in the Atomicand nuclear security are stipulated in the AtomicAct (1997).Act (1997).

–– The SÚJB is empowered to issue legally bindingThe SÚJB is empowered to issue legally bindingregulations (Decrees)regulations (Decrees)..

–– SÚJB has its own budget approved by theSÚJB has its own budget approved by theParliament in frame of the state budget.Parliament in frame of the state budget.

–– It is headed by the Chairman appointed by theIt is headed by the Chairman appointed by theGovernment.Government.

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LLEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK

The Atomic Act and associated regulationsThe Atomic Act and associated regulations(Decrees, Government Orders) are based(Decrees, Government Orders) are basedon international principles such as IAEA,on international principles such as IAEA,ICRP, and WHO recommendations.ICRP, and WHO recommendations.

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INDEPENDENT THIRD PARTYINDEPENDENT THIRD PARTYPEER REVIEWSPEER REVIEWS

2002 – Nuclear safety situation in the CR is in compliance with the NSC intent2002 – Nuclear safety situation in the CR is in compliance with the NSC intent

The Government of the Czech RepublicThe Government of the Czech Republicattaches great importance to independentattaches great importance to independentpeer reviews subjected to individual parts ofpeer reviews subjected to individual parts ofthe nuclear infrastructurethe nuclear infrastructure..

In addition to the standard benefits comingIn addition to the standard benefits comingfrom such peer reviews for the continuousfrom such peer reviews for the continuousevolvement in the area of peaceful use ofevolvement in the area of peaceful use ofnuclear energy and ionizing radiation, thenuclear energy and ionizing radiation, thesequence and the coverage of the missionssequence and the coverage of the missionsdemonstrate full commitment of the Czechdemonstrate full commitment of the Czechauthorities and license holders to theauthorities and license holders to theprinciples of transparency.principles of transparency.

Conclusions drawn by the expert teams inConclusions drawn by the expert teams inthe Final Reports of the individual missionsthe Final Reports of the individual missionsgive clear picture on the fourth pillar - wellgive clear picture on the fourth pillar - welldeveloped nuclear infrastructure includingdeveloped nuclear infrastructure includingcompetent license holders.competent license holders.

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NPP Temelín NPP Temelín

2 2 unitsunitsVVER 1000 – 320VVER 1000 – 320 (modified)(modified)

PWRPWR4 loops4 loops1 turbine1 turbinefull-pressure containmentfull-pressure containment3000 3000 MWtMWt980 980 MWeMWetrial operation sincetrial operation since 2002 2002-2003-2003

„Nuclear island“ is based on the standard Russian design, secondary part andauxiliary objects designed by Czechoslovak (Czech) companies

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Milestones of Milestones of TemelínTemelín NPP construction NPP construction

–– 1980 Decision on 1980 Decision on TemelínTemelín Unit 1 and 2 construction Unit 1 and 2 construction–– 1982 Decision on 1982 Decision on TemelínTemelín Unit 3 and 4 construction Unit 3 and 4 construction–– 1985 SITE PERMIT1985 SITE PERMIT–– 1986 CONSTRUCTION PERMIT1986 CONSTRUCTION PERMIT–– 1990 1990 DecisionDecision to stop construction of Unit 3 to stop construction of Unit 3 && 4 4–– 19931993 Government Decision on completion of Unit 1 & 2Government Decision on completion of Unit 1 & 2–– 1993 ČEZ and WEC contract for nuclear fuel and I&C1993 ČEZ and WEC contract for nuclear fuel and I&C–– 1994 ČEZ and WEC contract for radiation monitoring1994 ČEZ and WEC contract for radiation monitoring

and diagnostic system supplyand diagnostic system supply–– 1995 Basic Design Amendment1995 Basic Design Amendment–– 1996 Turbine test of Unit 11996 Turbine test of Unit 1–– 1996 Amendment to the PSAR1996 Amendment to the PSAR

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Milestones of Milestones of TemelínTemelín NPP NPPcocommissioningmmissioning

–– 1998 - Containment integrity test of Unit 11998 - Containment integrity test of Unit 1–– 1999 - Primary and secondary circuits integrity tests of 1999 - Primary and secondary circuits integrity tests of

Unit 1Unit 1–– 02/2000 - Start of commissioning of Unit 1 – non-active stage02/2000 - Start of commissioning of Unit 1 – non-active stage–– 12/2000 - Containment integrity test of Unit 212/2000 - Containment integrity test of Unit 2–– 07/2000 - First fuel loading of Unit 1 ( physical start-up)07/2000 - First fuel loading of Unit 1 ( physical start-up)–– 10/2000 - First criticality of Unit 110/2000 - First criticality of Unit 1–– 11/2000 - Power start-up of Unit 111/2000 - Power start-up of Unit 1–– 10/2001 - Start of commissioning of Unit 2 – non- active stage10/2001 - Start of commissioning of Unit 2 – non- active stage–– 03/2002 - First fuel loading of Unit 2 ( physical start-up)03/2002 - First fuel loading of Unit 2 ( physical start-up)–– 05/2002 - First criticality of Unit 205/2002 - First criticality of Unit 2–– 06/2002 - Trial operation of Unit 106/2002 - Trial operation of Unit 1–– 06/2002 - Power start-up of Unit 206/2002 - Power start-up of Unit 2–– 04/2003 - Trial operation of Unit 204/2003 - Trial operation of Unit 2

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Milestones of Milestones of TemelínTemelín NPP NPPcocommissioningmmissioning

On 11th October 2004 Unit 1 andOn 11th October 2004 Unit 1 andUnit 2 obtained operation permitUnit 2 obtained operation permit

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Licensing procedureLicensing procedure

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Legislative basesLegislative bases

Civil Civil ConstructionConstruction Act. No. 50/1976 Coll. Act. No. 50/1976 Coll.–– Three main stages of licensing inThree main stages of licensing in

jurisdiction of District Authority Buildingjurisdiction of District Authority BuildingOfficeOffice

-- SITINGSITING-- CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION-- PERMANENT OPERATIONPERMANENT OPERATION

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Legislative bases (cont.)Legislative bases (cont.)

Atomic Act. No. 18/1997 Coll.Atomic Act. No. 18/1997 Coll.–– BasicBasic activities for which licence issued by activities for which licence issued by

SÚJB is requiredSÚJB is required-- SITING (only declaration for local Authority)SITING (only declaration for local Authority)-- CONSTRUCTION (only declaration for localCONSTRUCTION (only declaration for local

Authority)Authority)-- STAGES OF COMMISSIONING (fully inSTAGES OF COMMISSIONING (fully in

jurisdiction of SÚJB)jurisdiction of SÚJB)-- PERMANENT OPERATION (only declarationPERMANENT OPERATION (only declaration

for local Authority)for local Authority)

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Act. No. 552/1991 Coll.Act. No. 552/1991 Coll.–– State Inspection (general obligation)State Inspection (general obligation)

Act. No. 71/1967 Coll.Act. No. 71/1967 Coll.–– Administration procedureAdministration procedure–– General administration termsGeneral administration terms

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SÚJB regulation No. 106/1998 Coll.SÚJB regulation No. 106/1998 Coll.–– Defines stages of commissioning inDefines stages of commissioning in

accordance with Atomic Actaccordance with Atomic Act-- Non-active start-up stageNon-active start-up stage-- Active start-up stageActive start-up stage

–– Physical start-upPhysical start-up–– Power start-upPower start-up–– Trial operationTrial operation

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Supervision strategySupervision strategy

SÚJB supervision strategy prepared bySÚJB supervision strategy prepared bySÚJB staff and approved by SÚJBSÚJB staff and approved by SÚJBmanagement in 1995management in 1995

–– Strategy based on Licensee QA programStrategy based on Licensee QA program

–– Strategy based on permission all mainStrategy based on permission all mainsteps of commissioningsteps of commissioning

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Supervision strategy (cont.)Supervision strategy (cont.)

Strategy based on Licensee QA programStrategy based on Licensee QA program

–– QA program QA program containscontains list of list ofcommissioning procedures (270 in total)commissioning procedures (270 in total)

-- Procedures PKV and KV - pre-operationalProcedures PKV and KV - pre-operationaltests “P”tests “P”

-- Physical start-up procedures “F”Physical start-up procedures “F”-- Power start-up procedures “E”Power start-up procedures “E”

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SÚJB selected 90 procedures which had toSÚJB selected 90 procedures which had tobe submitted for SÚJB approvalbe submitted for SÚJB approvalSelected procedures were divided into threeSelected procedures were divided into threecategories based on their importance tocategories based on their importance tonuclear safety:nuclear safety:

–– Category 1 - all “F” procedures, some “E”Category 1 - all “F” procedures, some “E”and “P” and “P” [20][20]

–– Category 2 - some “E” and “P” Category 2 - some “E” and “P” [30][30]–– Category 3 - some “P” Category 3 - some “P” [40][40]

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SÚJB supervision SÚJB supervision activities activities in compliancein compliancewith Categories:with Categories:

–– Category 1 - continuously inspected byCategory 1 - continuously inspected byresident inspectors, inspector- specialist,resident inspectors, inspector- specialist,invited independent expertsinvited independent experts

–– Category 2 - planned selected inspectionCategory 2 - planned selected inspectionby inspectors and resident inspectorsby inspectors and resident inspectors

–– Category 3 - routine inspectionsCategory 3 - routine inspectionsperformed by resident inspectorsperformed by resident inspectors

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SUJB SUJB permission permission for for all main steps of commissioningall main steps of commissioning

–– §15 §15 – – Atomic ActAtomic Act

…SUJB …SUJB iin the decision on license issue determinesn the decision on license issue determinesconditions for performance of the licensed activityconditions for performance of the licensed activity……

–– § 8§ 8 - -SÚJB regulation No. 106SÚJB regulation No. 106

… … The subsequent stage must not be started before theThe subsequent stage must not be started before thetermination and fulfilment of stipulated conditions oftermination and fulfilment of stipulated conditions ofprevious previous stagestage……

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SUJB permitted on the bases of team inspectionsSUJB permitted on the bases of team inspectionsresults and evaluation of test results ( results and evaluation of test results ( fulfilment fulfilment ofofprescribed successful criteria)prescribed successful criteria)

Physical start-upPhysical start-up–– First fuel loadingFirst fuel loading–– Start of physical testsStart of physical tests

Power start-upPower start-up–– Each power level was terminated by specificEach power level was terminated by specific

SÚJB approval with conditionsSÚJB approval with conditions

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Main problemMain problemss during commissioning during commissioning

Not always strict compliance with QANot always strict compliance with QArequirementsrequirements„Self regulation“ and feedback sometimes weak„Self regulation“ and feedback sometimes weakin operating organizationin operating organizationNot always consistent changes (sometimesNot always consistent changes (sometimesdecided under pressure of management to keepdecided under pressure of management to keepthe schedule) in commissioning programsthe schedule) in commissioning programsresulting in unsuccessful tests and theirresulting in unsuccessful tests and theirrepetition on higher power levelsrepetition on higher power levelsUnit 1 not adequately prepared for non-activeUnit 1 not adequately prepared for non-activestage of commissioningstage of commissioning

–– Inadequate extension of physical start-up stageInadequate extension of physical start-up stage–– Problems with I&C systemProblems with I&C system

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Main problemMain problemss during commissioning during commissioning(cont.)(cont.)

Problems with Unit 1 TGProblems with Unit 1 TG

–– November 25,2000 – December 3,2000 - LP partNovember 25,2000 – December 3,2000 - LP partof TG disassembled due to vibration , repairing ofof TG disassembled due to vibration , repairing oflabyrinth seal, Unit 1 shutdownlabyrinth seal, Unit 1 shutdown

–– December 26,2000 – January 4, 2001 - TGDecember 26,2000 – January 4, 2001 - TGunstable operation, TG shutdown for steam andunstable operation, TG shutdown for steam andoil leaks repairoil leaks repair

–– January 17,2001- February 17,2001 the Unit 1 inJanuary 17,2001- February 17,2001 the Unit 1 incold shutdown due to TG vibrationcold shutdown due to TG vibration

–– May 6,2001- September 12, 2001 repair worksMay 6,2001- September 12, 2001 repair worksand modifications on TG and secondary circuitand modifications on TG and secondary circuit

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SÚJB InspectionSÚJB Inspection Effort SummaryEffort SummaryPower Power Start-Start-upup

–– UUnit nit 1 - levels 5,12, 30, 55, 75, 90,100 % 1 - levels 5,12, 30, 55, 75, 90,100 % NnomNnom-- total of 1432 tests performed (XI/2000 - V/2002)total of 1432 tests performed (XI/2000 - V/2002)-- results of all tests evaluated by SÚJBresults of all tests evaluated by SÚJB-- total of 176 findings from direct observationstotal of 176 findings from direct observations-- 98 requests generated by SÚJB98 requests generated by SÚJB

–– UUnit nit 2 - levels 30%, 55%, 75%, 100% 2 - levels 30%, 55%, 75%, 100% NnomNnom-- total of 832 tests performed (VI/2002 - IV/2003)total of 832 tests performed (VI/2002 - IV/2003)-- total of 377 tests results evaluated by SÚJB stafftotal of 377 tests results evaluated by SÚJB staff-- total of 32 requests generated by SÚJBtotal of 32 requests generated by SÚJB-- total of 76 findings from direct observationstotal of 76 findings from direct observations

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SÚJB SÚJB InspectionInspection Effort SummaryEffort Summary 1990 - 2003 1990 - 2003

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

commonheadquarterRI

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„„Troublemaker“ TemelínTroublemaker“ Temelín

Technical hurdlesTechnical hurdles–– Delayed projectDelayed project–– Prototype balance of plant system (secondaryPrototype balance of plant system (secondary

part, turbine generator, part, turbine generator, TDFWPsTDFWPs))–– „New“ plant × original design 30 years old„New“ plant × original design 30 years old–– Many design changes during constructionMany design changes during construction–– Construction along with the transformation ofConstruction along with the transformation of

economy, difficulties with supplierseconomy, difficulties with suppliers

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„„TroublemakerTroublemaker“ Temelín“ Temelín

PoliticalPolitical hurdleshurdles–– Inexplicit definition of „high level of nuclearInexplicit definition of „high level of nuclear

safety“ in the process of EU accessionsafety“ in the process of EU accession–– Too many foreign institutions interested inToo many foreign institutions interested in

„independent safety assessment“ – multiplication„independent safety assessment“ – multiplicationof effort on the Czech sideof effort on the Czech side

–– Politically motivated antinuclear attitude ofPolitically motivated antinuclear attitude ofneighboursneighbours

–– Sometimes destructive involvement of NGOsSometimes destructive involvement of NGOs–– Intent of government to sell majority in ČEZIntent of government to sell majority in ČEZ–– On-line media reporting during start-upOn-line media reporting during start-up

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Some more factsSome more facts NPPNPP Temelín was modified from the very beginning in order to meetTemelín was modified from the very beginning in order to meet

internationally acceptable safety level (IAEA, US and Western countriesinternationally acceptable safety level (IAEA, US and Western countriessafety principles, criteria and requirements safety principles, criteria and requirements areare applied) applied)

Many improvements in design were based on comprehensiveMany improvements in design were based on comprehensiveevaluations and recommendations by the IAEA Missionsevaluations and recommendations by the IAEA Missions

All All fair-meantfair-meant assessments have been positive, all recommendations assessments have been positive, all recommendationswere considered and either implemented of equivalent solution waswere considered and either implemented of equivalent solution wasfoundfound

Replaced or modifiedReplaced or modified:: I&C system, nuclear fuel, radiation monitoring system, diagnostic and I&C system, nuclear fuel, radiation monitoring system, diagnostic and

monitoring system, plant physical protection system, cabling, electricmonitoring system, plant physical protection system, cabling, electricequipmentequipment

New:New: SSafetyafety assessment documentation, security system, system of assessment documentation, security system, system of

personnel training (including the full scope simulator)personnel training (including the full scope simulator) The The TemelTemelíín NPP is the only plant in the worldn NPP is the only plant in the world to to undergo undergo -- during during

construction construction -- more than 20 international review missions (IAEA, EU- more than 20 international review missions (IAEA, EU-WENRA, AQWENRA, AQGG + WPNS) + WPNS)

The safety improvement The safety improvement programmeprogramme for Temelín is the most for Temelín is the mostcomprehensive one comprehensive one everever applied to a VVER - applied to a VVER - 10001000

If all beer drinkers joint usIf all beer drinkers joint ushaving drunk three glasses,having drunk three glasses,we won‘t need the Temelínwe won‘t need the TemelínNuclear Power Station more.Nuclear Power Station more.

Documents

Regulatory view on licensing and commissioning of Temelín NPP