Regulatory update -

energy efficiency measures for

international shipping

Dr Edmund Hughes Marine Environment Division

13th March 2014

TARGETS workshop BIS, London, UK

International Maritime Organization Ø The IMO Convention adopted in

1948 and IMO first met in 1959 Ø A specialized agency of the UN Ø 170 Member States Ø Develop and maintain a

comprehensive regulatory framework for shipping

Ø Safety, environment, legal matters, technical co-operation, security and the efficiency of shipping

Safe, secure and efficient shipping on cleaner oceans

Shipping is growing Transports: §  Food, energy, raw materials and finished products §  Around 80 % of global trade by volume

Total volume of goods loaded worldwide in 2007: 8.7 billion tonnes (UNCTAD 2013 9.2 billion tonnes)

Source: Royal Academy of Engineering, Future Ship powering options, Exploring alternative methods of ship propulsion, July 2013

1.  World economy / trade volumes

2.  Economics of shipbuilding / ship operation

3.  Changes to trades / types of vessels needed

4.  Cost of fuel / energy efficiency

5.  Regulatory drivers e.g. emission limits

6.  Scrutiny by stakeholders e.g., carbon footprint

Economic drivers for shipping

Efficiency of shipping

Source: International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT), Long-term potential for increased shipping efficiency through the adoption of industry-leading practices, Wang & Lutsey, 2013

Efficiency of shipping

The Triple-Es will be able to move a tonne of cargo

184km using one kilowatt-hour of

energy, the same amount of energy, a

Boeing 747 can transport a tonne of

cargo 0.5km

IMO work to address GHG

emissions from international

shipping

IMO Resolution A.963(23)

Technical Mainly applicable to new ships - EEDI

Operational Applicable to all ships in operation – SEEMP (EEOI – voluntary)

Market-based Measures (MBM) carbon price, incentive, may generate funds - suspended at MEPC 65 (May 2013)

Ø  IMO Policies and Practices Related to the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships, adopted by Assembly 23 in December 2003

Ø  2nd IMO GHG study 2009 – estimated international shipping as being responsible for 3% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions

Ø  IMOs work to address GHG emissions has investigated three distinct routes:

Potential energy efficiency improvements

Source: ICCT, 2013

Economics of energy efficiency improvements

ICCT (2011) “Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships”

EEDI – definition

speed shipCapacityfactor emission COnconsumptio fuelPower

society to Benefittenvironmen to ImpactEEDI 2

×

××==

(transportation work)

Ø  The EEDI is likely to promote innovation at the design stage of ships for a reduction of their energy consumption at full load

Ø  The EEDI is applicable to ship types responsible for 71%* of CO2 emissions from international shipping

3.944

0.000

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

20.000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

EED

I (g/

t*nm

)

Deadweight (t) (*1000)

Energy Efficiency Design Index

Attained EEDI

Phase 0 (Base line)

Phase 1 (2015-2019)

Phase 2 (2020-2024)

Phase 3 (2025 and onwards)

EEDI – applicable ship types

Attained EEDI: For ships over 400 GT: § Bulk carrier § Gas carrier § Tanker § Container ship § General cargo ship § Refrigerated cargo carrier § Combination carrier § Passenger ships § Ro-ro cargo ship (vehicle carrier) § Ro-ro cargo ship § Ro-ro passenger ship § LNG Carrier* § Cruise passenger ship having non-conventional propulsion*

Required EEDI: For ships above a given size (regulation 21, Table 1):

§ Bulk carrier § Gas carrier § Tanker § Container ship § General cargo ship § Refrigerated cargo carrier § Combination carrier § Ro-ro cargo ship (vehicle carrier)* § Ro-ro cargo ship* § Ro-ro passenger ship* § LNG carrier* § Cruise passenger ship having non-conventional propulsion*

* MEPC 66 will consider, with a view to adoption, draft amendments to MARPOL Annex VI to add these ship types to regulation 20 and 21 respectively

Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan

SEEMP – operational management tool to include: Ø  All ships 400 gross tonnage and above

Ø  Improved voyage planning (Weather routeing/Just in time arrival at port)

Ø  Speed and power optimization

Ø  Optimized ship handling (ballast/trim/use of rudder and autopilot)

Ø  Improved fleet management

Ø  Improved cargo handling

Ø  Energy management

Ø  Monitoring tools

Ø  EEOI (MEPC.1/Circ.684)

Energy efficiency of existing ships Ø  US proposal considered by MEPC 65 (May 2013) with phased

approach to implementation with data collection initial focus as a basis of future technical work (MEPC 65/4/19)

Ø  MEPC 65 considered some options for technical and operational measures (MEPC 65/4/30) and additional information and comment was provided (MEPC 65/4/34, MEPC 65/4/35, MEPC 65/INF.3/Rev.1)

Ø  MEPC 65 requested further submissions to MEPC 66 (March 2014)

Ø  For example, MEPC 66/4/3 (ICS) document recommends mandatory monitoring and reporting from international shipping – fuel consumption & distance travelled

Ø  MEPC 66 to consider several other documents focusing on data collection, and the key elements for developing a data collection system, metrics and implementation, especially by developing countries

Ø  Data – which ships, when reported, data collection

method, how reported, data “holder”, confidentiality Ø  Administrative burden – ship, company, flag, IMO Ø  Application

Ø  tonnage threshold? 400GT…5000GT Ø  voluntary or mandatory

Ø  Ship energy efficiency Ø  Transport work? Ø  Reference level – EEOI? Time period?

Key issues for data collection

Energy efficiency metric

Ø  Transportation Work? Ø  Tonne-mile (EEDI metric for transport work) Ø Distance travelled Ø Service Days Ø  Joules of energy used Ø DWT/GT/PAX/TEU

Ø Different for ship types?

Ø Ballast voyages?

Ø MEPC 66 to consider (April 2014)

IMO work going forward

Ø Update study for GHG emissions estimate from international shipping – due to be finalized in 2014

Ø EEDI phase 1 review in 2015

Ø Development of technical and operational measures to enhance energy efficiency from international shipping

Ø  Facilitation of transfer of technology - Ad hoc expert working group to consider

Thank you for your attention

For more information please see: www.imo.org