Regions In Focus ? THE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGAL The Territorial Cohesion in the border NUTS III of Portugal Theme Eduardo

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THE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGALTHE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGAL

The Territorial Cohesion in the border The Territorial Cohesion in the border NUTS III of PortugalNUTS III of Portugal

ThemeTheme

Minho-Lima

CávadoAlto Trás-os-Montes

Douro

Beira Interior Norte

Beira Interior Sul

Alto Alentejo

Alentejo Central

Baixo Alentejo

Algarve0 100Km

Scale

Eduardo MedeirosEduardo Medeiros

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Why the Territorial Cohesion ?Why the Territorial Cohesion ?

In the three less prosperous member-states (Portugal, Greece and Spain), the average income per capita increased from 68% of the UE average, in 1988, till 79% in 1999. This economic cohesion wasn’t reflected in all the regions of these countries. In fact there was an aggravation of the territory unbalances.

Having realize that, the Territorial Cohesion was established in the Treaty of Amsterdam, so that it could complement the concepts of Social Cohesion and Economic Cohesion, and contribute to a more balanced and harmonious development across the European Territory.

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What we want to find out?What we want to find out?

To realize if, in the last decade (1991-2001), the 10 border NUTS III of Portugal, have achieved the goal of the Territorial Cohesion, and to verify the contribution of the INTERREG-A (Cross-Border Co-operation) to reach that goal.

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What is Territorial Cohesion?What is Territorial Cohesion?

“Achieve a more balanced development by reducing existing disparities, avoiding territorial imbalances and by making both sectoral policies which have a spatial impact and regional policy more coherent. The concern is also to improve territorial integration and encourage cooperation between regions”.

Third Report on Economic and Social Cohesion

“Balanced distribution of human activities across the Union, which is complementary to economic and social cohesion, including fair access for citizens and economic operators to Services of General Economic Interest”.

ESPON – Interim Territorial Cohesion Report

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What is necessary for the Territorial Cohesion?What is necessary for the Territorial Cohesion?

Policy guidelines for the spatial development of the EUPolicy guidelines for the spatial development of the EU::

European Spatial Development Perspective

1 - Development of a balanced and polycentric urban system and a new urban-rural relationship;

2 - Securing parity of access to infrastructure and knowledge;

3 - Sustainable development, prudent management and protection of nature and cultural heritage.

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European Spatial Development Perspective

“co-operation is the key to an integrated spatial development policy and represents added value over sectoral policies acting in isolation”

What is necessary for the Territorial Cohesion?What is necessary for the Territorial Cohesion?

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THE TERRITORIAL COHESION CONCEPTTHE TERRITORIAL COHESION CONCEPT

Social and Economic Cohesion

Environmental Sustainability

Polycentric Urban

SystemCo-operationTerritorial Cohesion

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The analytic model The analytic model

Concepts

Territorial Cohesion

Regional Development

Distribution

Dimensions

Knowledge

Components

Indicators

Concepts

Public Services

Co-operation

- Research Centers- University Students - GDP per capita- Employment rate- Physicians (per 1000)- Schools

- Societies - Companies- Rural Tourism- International Trade

Horizontal

Vertical

Morphology

Hierarchy

- City Rankings- Specialized Functions- Population Density- Roads (km)- Cable dwellings

Density

Connectivity

Environment

- % of renewable energy

- % of environmental expenses

Energy

Waste

Income

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Variation (1991 - 2001 )

NUTS III ISE - 1991 ISE - 2001 (2001-1991)

Portugal 0.269 0.416 0.147

Minho-Lima 0.230 0.239 0.009

Cávado 0.357 0.356 -0.001

Douro 0.310 0.326 0.016

Alto Trás-os-Montes 0.310 0.317 0.007

Algarve 0.237 0.311 0.074

Beira Interior Norte 0.265 0.306 0.040

Beira Interior Sul 0.268 0.411 0.143

Alto Alentejo 0.166 0.260 0.094

Alentejo Central 0.229 0.348 0.119

Baixo Alentejo 0.192 0.267 0.075

1 - Knowledge: (Research Centres and University Students);2 - Income: (GDP per capita, Employment Rate);3 - Public Services: (Physicians and Schools).

Social and Economic IndexSocial and Economic Index

0Km 25Km 50Km

Scale

< 0.050 0.050 : 0.100 0.100 : 0.150> 0.150

MINHO-LIMA

CÁVADO

AVE

GRANDE PORTOTÂMEGA

ENTRE-DOURO E VOUGA

DOURO

TRÁS-OS-MONTES

BAIXO VOUGA

BAIXO MONDEGO

PINHAL LITORAL

PINHAL INTERIOR NORTE

DÃO LAFÕES

PINHAL INTERIOR SUL

SERRA DA ESTRELA

BEIRA INTERIOR NORTE

BEIRA INTERIOR SUL

COVA DA BEIRA

OESTE

GRANDE LISBOA

PENÍNSULA DE SETÚBAL

MÉDIO TEJO

LEZÍRIA DO TEJO

ALENTEJO LITORAL

ALTO ALENTEJO

ALENTEJO CENTRAL

BAIXO ALENTEJO

ALGARVE

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Social and Economic IndicatorsSocial and Economic Indicators

GNP per capita (1000 €) in 2001

0Km 25Km 50Km

Scale

6.1 : 7.9 7.9 : 9.7 9.7 : 11.2 11.2 : 21.2

MINHO-LIMA

CÁVADO

AVE

GRANDE PORTOTÂMEGA

ENTRE-DOURO E VOUGA

DOURO

TRÁS-OS-MONTES

BAIXO VOUGA

BAIXO MONDEGO

PINHAL LITORAL


DÃO LAFÕES

PINHAL INTERIOR SUL

SERRA DA ESTRELA


BEIRA INTERIOR SUL

COVA DA BEIRA

OESTE

GRANDE LISBOA


MÉDIO TEJO

LEZÍRIA DO TEJO

ALENTEJO LITORAL

ALTO ALENTEJO

ALENTEJO CENTRAL

BAIXO ALENTEJO

ALGARVE

Legend

Population Variation (1991-2001)

0Km 25Km 50Km

Scale

-11.8 : -3.6 -3.6 : 1.5 1.5 : 8.3 8.3 : 15.8

MINHO-LIMA

CÁVADO

AVE

GRANDE PORTOTÂMEGA

ENTRE-DOURO E VOUGA

DOURO

TRÁS-OS-MONTES

BAIXO VOUGA

BAIXO MONDEGO

PINHAL LITORAL


DÃO LAFÕES

PINHAL INTERIOR SUL

SERRA DA ESTRELA


BEIRA INTERIOR SUL

COVA DA BEIRA

OESTE

GRANDE LISBOA


MÉDIO TEJO

LEZÍRIA DO TEJO

ALENTEJO LITORAL

ALTO ALENTEJO

ALENTEJO CENTRAL

BAIXO ALENTEJO

ALGARVE

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Variation (1991 - 2001 )

NUTS III IPO – 1991 IPO - 2001 2001-1991

Portugal 0.354 0.440 0.087

Minho-Lima 0.329 0.500 0.171

Cávado 0.327 0.468 0.140

Douro 0.340 0.398 0.058


Algarve 0.330 0.404 0.074



Alto Alentejo 0.367 0.467 0.099



1 - Hierarchy: (City Rankings and Specialized functions);2 - Density: (Population Density and Road Density);

3 - Connectivity: (Cable Dwellings).

0Km 25Km 50Km

Scale

< 0.050 0.050 : 0.100 0.100 : 0.150> 0.150

MINHO-LIMA

CÁVADO

AVE

GRANDE PORTOTÂMEGA

ENTRE-DOURO E VOUGA

DOURO

TRÁS-OS-MONTES

BAIXO VOUGA

BAIXO MONDEGO

PINHAL LITORAL


DÃO LAFÕES

PINHAL INTERIOR SUL

SERRA DA ESTRELA


BEIRA INTERIOR SUL

COVA DA BEIRA

OESTE

GRANDE LISBOA


MÉDIO TEJO

LEZÍRIA DO TEJO

ALENTEJO LITORAL

ALTO ALENTEJO

ALENTEJO CENTRAL

BAIXO ALENTEJO

ALGARVE

Legend

The polycentric indexThe polycentric index

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URBAN SYSTEM – BORDER NUTS IIIURBAN SYSTEM – BORDER NUTS III

MINHO-LIMA

CÁVADO

AVE

GRANDE PORTOTÂMEGA

ENTRE-DOURO E VOUGA

DOURO

TRÁS-OS-MONTES

BAIXO VOUGA

BAIXO MONDEGO

PINHAL LITORAL

DÃO LAFÕES

PINHAL INTERIOR SUL

SERRA DA ESTRELA


BEIRA INTERIOR SUL

COVA DA BEIRA

OESTE

GRANDE LISBOA


MÉDIO TEJO

LEZÍRIA DO TEJO

ALENTEJO LITORAL

ALTO ALENTEJO

ALENTEJO CENTRAL

BAIXO ALENTEJO

ALGARVE


Legend

Centrality Index

Medium Cities

Areas with influence of very specialized functionsAreas with influence of specialized functions

Smaller agglomerations

Very specialized functions

Strong Interactions

Very specialized or specialized functions

0Km

100Km

Scale

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Variation (1991 - 2001 )

1 - Horizontal: (Societies and Companies);2 - Vertical: (Rural tourism and International Trade).

NUTS III ICO - 1991 ICO - 2001 1991-2001

Portugal 0.315 0.480 0.164

Minho-Lima 0.349 0.586 0.237

Cávado 0.306 0.458 0.153

Douro 0.179 0.317 0.137


Algarve 0.244 0.431 0.187



Alto Alentejo 0.177 0.466 0.290



The co-operation index The co-operation index

0Km 25Km 50Km

Scale

< 0.100 0.100 : 0.200 0.200 : 0.300> 0.300

MINHO-LIMA

CÁVADO

AVE

GRANDE PORTOTÂMEGA

ENTRE-DOURO E VOUGA

DOURO

TRÁS-OS-MONTES

BAIXO VOUGA

BAIXO MONDEGO

PINHAL LITORAL


DÃO LAFÕES

PINHAL INTERIOR SUL

SERRA DA ESTRELA


BEIRA INTERIOR SUL

COVA DA BEIRA

OESTE

GRANDE LISBOA


MÉDIO TEJO

LEZÍRIA DO TEJO

ALENTEJO LITORAL

ALTO ALENTEJO

ALENTEJO CENTRAL

BAIXO ALENTEJO

ALGARVE

Legend

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Variation (1991 - 2001 )

1 - Energy: (Renewable energy);2 - Waste: (Environmental treatment

expenses).

NUTS III IAM - 1991 IAM - 2001 2001-1991

Portugal 0.186 0.404 0.218

Minho-Lima 0.335 0.375 0.040

Cávado 0.443 0.386 -0.056

Douro 0.289 0.356 0.067


Algarve 0.229 0.555 0.326



Alto Alentejo 0.216 0.392 0.176



The environment indexThe environment index

0Km 25Km 50Km

Scale

< 0.100 0.100 : 0.200 0.200 : 0.300> 0.300

MINHO-LIMA

CÁVADO

AVE

GRANDE PORTOTÂMEGA

ENTRE-DOURO E VOUGA

DOURO

TRÁS-OS-MONTES

BAIXO VOUGA

BAIXO MONDEGO

PINHAL LITORAL


DÃO LAFÕES

PINHAL INTERIOR SUL

SERRA DA ESTRELA


BEIRA INTERIOR SUL

COVA DA BEIRA

OESTE

GRANDE LISBOA


MÉDIO TEJO

LEZÍRIA DO TEJO

ALENTEJO LITORAL

ALTO ALENTEJO

ALENTEJO CENTRAL

BAIXO ALENTEJO

ALGARVE

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Territorial Cohesion indexTerritorial Cohesion indexVariation (1991 - 2001 )

NUTS III ICT - 1991 ICT - 2001 2001-1991

Portugal 0.295 0.437 0.142

Minho-Lima 0.299 0.413 0.114

Cávado 0.346 0.416 0.070

Douro 0.286 0.349 0.063


Algarve 0.265 0.395 0.131



Alto Alentejo 0.234 0.385 0.151



1 - Social Economic Index;2 - Polycentric Index;3 - Co-operation Index;4 - Environment Index.

0Km 25Km 50Km

Scale

< 0.082 0.082 : 0.112 0.112 : 0.142> 0.142

MINHO-LIMA

CÁVADO

AVE

GRANDE PORTOTÂMEGA

ENTRE-DOURO E VOUGA

DOURO

TRÁS-OS-MONTES

BAIXO VOUGA

BAIXO MONDEGO

PINHAL LITORAL


DÃO LAFÕES

PINHAL INTERIOR SUL

SERRA DA ESTRELA


BEIRA INTERIOR SUL

COVA DA BEIRA

OESTE

GRANDE LISBOA


MÉDIO TEJO

LEZÍRIA DO TEJO

ALENTEJO LITORAL

ALTO ALENTEJO

ALENTEJO CENTRAL

BAIXO ALENTEJO

ALGARVE

Legend

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

PT

ML

CA

V

DO

U

AT

M

ALG BIN

BIS

AA

L

AC

E

BA

L

ICT - 1991 ICT - 2001ICT

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MAIN CONCLUSIONSMAIN CONCLUSIONS

With the exception of the NUTS III of Alentejo Central and Alto Alentejo, in the Portuguese border area, the Territorial Cohesion Index has grown less than the national average.

The positive contribution of INTERREG initiative to this area has not been enough to obtain the aim of the Territorial Cohesion.

We continue to verify an increasing territorial exclusion in this area that occupies more that half of the Portuguese territory.

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WHAT CAN WE DO TO INVERT THIS SITUATION?WHAT CAN WE DO TO INVERT THIS SITUATION?

Reinforce the distribution of the essential goods and services to the population, as well as the knowledge (distributive dimension).

Promote a polycentric urban structure, rather than a highly polarized one. This requires new functional entities (medium cities), created through increased integration and co-operation (morphologic dimension).

Promote the entrepreneurship, capable of mobilizing effectively the local resources (co-operation dimension).

Promote the use of the natural recourses in a sustainable way to preserve the environment (environment dimension).

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THE ENDTHE END

Documents

Regions In Focus ? THE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGAL The Territorial Cohesion in the border NUTS III of Portugal Theme Eduardo