REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON

BIOFUEL PRODUCTION &

INVASIVE SPECIES

WWF’S Perspectives on biofuels and the current

Situation in Tanzania

Nairobi, April 2009

Peter Sumbi

WWF Tanzania Programme Office

WWF Strengths in the region

•! Long History in the region

•! Good linkage to Governments, regional bodies, multi-lateral bodies

•! Highly credible with all stakeholders

•! Good opportunity to bring the concerted effort of the WWF network to reduce biodiversity loss, reduce footprint and support sustainable development

WWF Network Initiative

•!EACF

•!EAME

•!E Arc Mountains

The Pearl of Africa - Preserving Eastern Africa’s

Resources & Livelihoods

Conserve the endemic rich

coastal & Eastern Arc forests -

the highest density of endemic

animals on the planet 4,500 plant species, > 1,750 endemic

East African Coastal

Forest & E Arc

Conserve the endemic rich

coastal & Eastern Arc forests -

the highest density of endemic

animals on the planet 4,500 plant species, > 1,750 endemic

Mara River Initiative

Rufiji-Mafia-

Kilwa Seascape

Selous Game Reserve &

Ruvuma-Selous Wilderness

Udzungwa Mts National Park

Ruaha Water

Programme(3, & 4)

Coastal Forests

Lake Victoria Catchment

Environ. Educ. Programme

1. NRM Policies Implementation

2. P – Environ Project, PES, Capacity bldg

3. Envirn. Ed.

Projects/Programmes Managed by/in collaboration with WWF- Tanzania

Programme Office

Proposed –

Western Miombo

East Usambara

Forest Land

Restoration

Gazettement of

Derema Corridor

Songwe River

Transboundary

Catchment Project Mnazi Bay-Ruvuma River Estuary

4 1

7

6

3

2

5

89

10

Resettlement/

Compensation of

Derema Corridor

FIELD

OFFICES 1.

Kilwa 2.

Mang’ula 3. Iringa 4. Rujewa 5. Amani -

Muheza 6.

Mbeya 7.

Musoma 8.

Mtwara 9. Masasi 10. Mafia

Biofuel in Tanzania

•! Global biofuel demand continues to grow

•! Tanzania has a climate that supports the growth of energy crops.

•! Interested in development of biofuels through a number and local and international actors.

•! Tanzania has potentially abundant arable land and relatively cheap labour

•! There is potential to produce approximately 4,010 and 1,726 million litres of ethanol and biodiesel respectively.

Biofuel in Tanzania… Areas with/proposed for Biofuel activities

Jatropha curcas

Palm Oil

Sunflower (Special seed

from Japan)

Croton

megalocarpus

Sugarcane

Areas with

sugarcane plantation for

sugar production

18 Biofuel Companies/Projects in Tz S/N Company Hectares

1 PROKON -

2 D1 Oils Tanzania Limited -

3 Sun Biofuels Tanzania Limited -

4 SEKAB BioEnergy Tanzania Ltd . -

5 Kikuletwa Farm. 1,000

6 Diligent Tanzania Limited -

7 Donesta Ltd and Savannah Biofuels

Ltd.

2,000

8 Farming for Energy for better

Livelihoods in Southern Africa

(FELISA)

8,000

9 Africa Biofuel and Emission

Reduction

Company (Tanzania) Ltd

20,000

18 Biofuel Companies/Projects in Tz…

10 Bioshape. 81,000

11 InfEnergy. 5,818

12 BioMassive. 50,000

13 Bioenergy Resource, Tanzania Limited, -

14 Kapunga Rice Project Ltd. 50,000

15 Africa Green Oil -

16 Jatropha Products Tanzania Limited. -

17 The Tanzania Traditional Energy and Environment

Development Organization (TaTEDO).

50

18 Kampuni ya Kusambaza Teknolojia Limited (KAKUTE). -

Coastal Forest Reserves and Jatropha Farms Interface

Jatropha farms

Mechanized Land preparation for Biofuel

- Biodiversity unfriendly!

Mechanized Land preparation for Biofuel

- Very destructive!

Jatropha Tree Nursery

Extensive Jatropha Farm in Kilwa

1975 1992 2000

2006

Forest cover change in East Usambara

between 1975-2006 ca 16,680 ha lost!

1992 2000

2006

1975

Issues of Concern about Biofuels in

Tanzania

•! Coordination of Policy within Tanzania

–!no coordination of biofuels policy

–! Investors operating in policy vacuum.

–!Tanzanian Biofuels Task Force working on guidelines

•! Greenhouse Gases –!Conversion carbon sinks

–!Greater emissions of soils carbon & carbon from plant

Issues of Concern about Biofuels in

Tanzania………

•! Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

–! GMOs and their affects on ecosystems

•! Impacts on Soils

–! Agrochemicals effect soil health.

–! Acidification due to Nitrogen fertilizers in soils and

surface waters.

–! Intensive farming often causes soil erosion.

•! Impacts on Forests and Biodiversity

–! Coastal Forests and Eastern Arc endemisms

Issues of Concern about Biofuels in

Tanzania………

•! Impacts on Water

–! Amount of water for irrigation

–! Surface run-off on local water supplies and ecosystems.

–! Water for food crops – unavailable

–! Risk of large scale irrigation projects causing

salinisation.

•! Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC)

–! Displacement and people forced to farm in other area

–! Large workforce needed, pose a large threat to

biodiversity.

Issues of Concern about Biofuels in

Tanzania………

•! The EIA Process

–! Quality and depth of analysis

–! Weak review process due to inadequate capacity

–! Lack generic process and policy guidance.

•! Impacts on Food

–! Land area devoted for food production being reduced,

eroding local food security and causing shortages.

•! Land Use and Ownership

–! Threaten land available for growing food crops.

Issues of Concern about Biofuels in

Tanzania………

•! Land Acquisition Process –! Land acquisition process are inadequate

–! Compensating communities - poor valuation

–! Lack of transparency.

–! Communities not aware of their land rights and

–! Potential impact on their livelihoods in the long term.

•! Displacement of Communities

–! Forcing communities out of their indigenous territories.

–! Loss of their territories will have long-term opportunity costs for farming communities.

•! Community Relations and Rural Development

–! Biofuels represent important opportunities and challenges for sustainable development, both globally and domestically.

–! Potential to improve rural employment and livelihoods.

–! However, there are currently many concerns about how the industry is going to benefit local people.

What are some of the key issues that

need to be examined to determine

the sustainability of a biofuels

investment?

WHAT HAVE WE DONE?

POLICY GAP……..

•! With support from WWF Sweden, WWF Tanzania Commissioned some studies on assessment of the status of Biofuel investments in the country

•! Facilitated national stakeholders planning workshops and development of “Proposed Guidelines and Criteria for Biofuels Investment in Tanzania” Most of which have been adopted by the government in

the national “ Guidelines for Sustainable Development of Liquid Biofuels and Co - generation in Tanzania”

–! Review of Policy and Regulations on Biofuel underway

NEXT STEPS

•! CAPACITY ISSUES…………….

- Training of CSOs, targeted communities and public at large on good governance and other biofuel issues

- Establish and support National NGOs platform – for lobbying and advocacy work on biofuel issues esp. on best practices.

- Establish Regional and National wide Stakeholders Roundtable forum to discuss and provide input into the

on- going development of the ‘Roundtable for Sustainable Biofuels (RSB) - Principles’

•! WHERE TO INVEST BIOFUEL?.....

- Support government to carry out sensitivity mapping, zoning and land use plans in Biofuel areas – define

no-go areas

The Roundtable for Sustainable Biofuel Principles

1. Legality Biofuel production shall respect all applicable laws of the country in which they occur,

and all international treaties and agreements to which the country is a signatory.

2. Consultation Biofuel projects shall arise through fully transparent, consultative and

participatory processes that involve all relevant stakeholders.

3. Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases Biofuels shall contribute to climate stabilization by

reducing GHG emissions as compared to fossil fuels. Emissions shall be estimated via a

consistent approach to lifecycle assessment, with system boundaries from “root to tank”. This

shall include direct and indirect GHG emissions, for instance from fossil energy used in growing,

transporting and processing biofuels. It shall also include GHG emissions resulting from land use

changes as land is converted to biofuel crop production, or as other production is displaced.

4. Human and labor rights Biofuel production shall not violate human rights or labor rights, and

shall ensure decent work and the well-being of workers.

5. Socio-economic development Biofuel production shall not violate land or water rights, and

shall contribute to the social and economic development of local, rural and indigenous peoples

and communities.

6. Food security Biofuel production shall not impair food security.

7. Conservation Biofuel production shall not directly or indirectly endanger wildlife species or

areas of high conservation value.

8. Soil Biofuel production shall not directly or indirectly degrade or damage soils.

9. Water Biofuel production shall not directly or indirectly contaminate or deplete water resources.

10. Air Biofuel production shall not directly or indirectly lead to air pollution.

11. Biotechnology If biotechnologies are used in biofuels production, they shall improve the social

and/or environmental performance of biofuels, and always be consistent with national and

international biosafety and transparency protocols.

DANKE!!