Regional Preparatory Seminar on Frequency Spectrum and ITU WRC, Cairo September 2010 ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook DOC 9718 – Fifth edition ICAO Radio

Regional Preparatory Seminar on Frequency Spectrum and ITU WRC, Cairo September Regional Preparatory Seminar on Frequency Spectrum and ITU WRC, Cairo September 20102010


ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookDOC 9718 – Fifth editionDOC 9718 – Fifth edition

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookDOC 9718 – Fifth editionDOC 9718 – Fifth edition

Presented by:Loftur JónassonICAO



ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency Handbook

Nine Chapters:Nine Chapters:

1 – Introduction1 – Introduction2 – Objectives and purpose of the Handbook2 – Objectives and purpose of the Handbook3 – The International Telecommunication Union3 – The International Telecommunication Union4 – The ITU Regulatory Framework4 – The ITU Regulatory Framework5 – ICAO involvement in Frequency and Spectrum5 – ICAO involvement in Frequency and Spectrum6 – Overview of the Spectrum Management 6 – Overview of the Spectrum Management ProcessProcess7 – Statement of Frequency Allocations and ICAO 7 – Statement of Frequency Allocations and ICAO PolicyPolicy8 – Future Spectrum Requirement8 – Future Spectrum Requirement9 – Interference protection considerations9 – Interference protection considerations

Organization of the HandbookOrganization of the Handbook




Eight Attachments:Eight Attachments: A – Definitions and TermsA – Definitions and Terms B – Acronyms and AbbreviationsB – Acronyms and Abbreviations C – The Regulation of Radio in aircraft C – The Regulation of Radio in aircraft D – Review and update (of the Handbook)D – Review and update (of the Handbook) E – Strategy for establishing and promoting the E – Strategy for establishing and promoting the ICAO ICAO Position for ITU World Radiocommunication Position for ITU World Radiocommunication

Conferences Conferences F – ICAO position for the ITU WRC-12F – ICAO position for the ITU WRC-12 G – Technical Information and Frequency G – Technical Information and Frequency Sharing Sharing criteriacriteria H – ITU Resolutions and RecommendationsH – ITU Resolutions and Recommendations

ee

Organization of the Handbook (2)Organization of the Handbook (2)




Introduces the Handbook and highlights:Introduces the Handbook and highlights:

-RF spectrum is a scarce natural resource and RF spectrum is a scarce natural resource and must be available to the States and radio servicesmust be available to the States and radio services-Competition between users for spectrumCompetition between users for spectrum-RF spectrum allocations managed by the ITURF spectrum allocations managed by the ITU-Aeronautical spectrum is for safety and efficiencyAeronautical spectrum is for safety and efficiency-RF congestion in spectrum utilizationRF congestion in spectrum utilization-International competition for spectrum allocationsInternational competition for spectrum allocations-Various processes on spectrum allocationsVarious processes on spectrum allocations

Chapter 1 - Chapter 1 - IntroductionIntroduction




- ITU is the specialized agency of the United Nations on ITU is the specialized agency of the United Nations on all telecommunication mattersall telecommunication matters

-ICAO is the specialized agency of the United Nations ICAO is the specialized agency of the United Nations on aeronautical matterson aeronautical matters

-ICAO presents the internationally agreed aeronautical ICAO presents the internationally agreed aeronautical requirements (ICAO position) for spectrum to ITU -requirements (ICAO position) for spectrum to ITU -WRC’sWRC’s

-ICAO position to be used by aeronautical authorities on ICAO position to be used by aeronautical authorities on a national levela national level

-ICAO position is developed by the Air Navigation ICAO position is developed by the Air Navigation CommissionCommission

-ICAO position and policy statements are approved by ICAO position and policy statements are approved by CouncilCouncil

Chapter 2 – Objectives and purposesChapter 2 – Objectives and purposes




- The ITU is the specialized agency of the United The ITU is the specialized agency of the United Nations on all Telecommunication matters. Nations on all Telecommunication matters.

-Other Organizations such as ICAO are not barred Other Organizations such as ICAO are not barred from any kind of work on (aeronautical) from any kind of work on (aeronautical) telecommunications, including Standardizationtelecommunications, including Standardization

-ITU develops the Radio Regulations at World ITU develops the Radio Regulations at World Radiocommunication Conferences. Radiocommunication Conferences.

-Radio Regulations are treaty document and can Radio Regulations are treaty document and can only be modified at WRC’sonly be modified at WRC’s

Chapter 3 – the International Telecommunication Chapter 3 – the International Telecommunication Union (1)Union (1)



ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency Handbook




-National Radio Regulatory authorities control the National Radio Regulatory authorities control the mechanism for developing national proposals to ITU mechanism for developing national proposals to ITU ConferencesConferences

-Such proposals take into account the interests of all Such proposals take into account the interests of all users of spectrum, including aeronautical interestsusers of spectrum, including aeronautical interests

-The Radio Regulations also include a number of The Radio Regulations also include a number of administrative provisions (e.g. on licensing) administrative provisions (e.g. on licensing)

-Technical work in ITU takes place in the Technical work in ITU takes place in the Radiocommunication Study GroupsRadiocommunication Study Groups

-Regional positions for WRC’s are developed by the Regional positions for WRC’s are developed by the Regional Telecommunication organizations. Regional Telecommunication organizations.



ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookITU Regions and Regional Telecommunication ITU Regions and Regional Telecommunication

OrganizationsOrganizations

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookITU Regions and Regional Telecommunication ITU Regions and Regional Telecommunication

OrganizationsOrganizations

1 60 º 1 40 º 1 20 º 1 00 º 8 0º 6 0º 4 0º 2 0º 0 º 2 0º 4 0º 6 0º 8 0º 1 00 º 1 20 º 1 40 º 1 60 º 1 80 º 170

º

170º

1 60 º 1 40 º 1 20 º 1 00 º 8 0º 6 0º 4 0º 2 0º 0 º 2 0º 4 0º 6 0º 8 0º 1 00 º 1 20 º 1 40 º 1 60 º 1 80 º

170

º

170º

7 5º7 5º

6 0º6 0º

4 0º4 0º

3 0º3 0º

2 0º2 0º

0 º0 º

4 0º4 0º

3 0º3 0º

2 0º2 0º

6 0º 6 0º

A

A

B

B

C

CREG IO N 3 REG IO N 3

REG IO N 1

REG IO N 2

C ITEL

C ITEL ATU

ASM G

C EPT RC C

APT

Coverage of regions by regional te lecommunication organizations approxim ately



ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 4 – The ITU Regulatory Framework for Chapter 4 – The ITU Regulatory Framework for

aeronautical radio servicesaeronautical radio services


aeronautical radio servicesaeronautical radio services

ITU Radio Regulations:ITU Radio Regulations:-Spectrum allocations-Spectrum allocations-Registration of frequency assignments-Registration of frequency assignments-Special (administrative) provisions-Special (administrative) provisions-Frequencies for aviation are for safety -Frequencies for aviation are for safety -Spectrum allocations to Services and to each of -Spectrum allocations to Services and to each of the three ITU Regionsthe three ITU Regions-National or sub-Regional allocations are made National or sub-Regional allocations are made through footnotes [to the table of allocations]through footnotes [to the table of allocations]-Use of HF spectrum is regulated in Appendix 27 to Use of HF spectrum is regulated in Appendix 27 to the Radio Regulationsthe Radio Regulations




Overview of Overview of services to services to which spectrum which spectrum has been has been allocated allocated

Radio Regula tionsTable o f F requency Allocations

Radiocomm unications services

S tandardfrequency

Radioastronom y

Meteoro log ica la ids

Am ateur Spaceresearch

E arthexplorat ion

EEsate llite

SRsate llite

A mateursate llite

Specializedservices

Fixed andbroadcastservices

Broadcas t

B roadcastsate llite

MAsate llite

RAsate llite

SFsate llite

F ixed

Inter-sate llite

F ixed-sate llite

Spaceoperations

M obile

M aritime Land A eronautica l

A ero(O R)Aero(R)S hipmovem ent

P ortoperat ionsGM DSS

Mobile-sate llite

MM sat LM sat AeM sat

A ero M(R) sat

Aero M(O R) sat

Radiodeterm ination

Radio location Radiodeterm ination-sate llite Radionav igat ion

RL sat RN sat Maritim e RN A ero RN

A ero RNsat

M ari RNsat

Radiodeterm inationservices

M obileservices




aeronautical radio services (2)aeronautical radio services (2)



Aeronautical CommunicationsAeronautical Communications

-Allocations to the Aeronautical Mobile (R) Service:Allocations to the Aeronautical Mobile (R) Service:

-2.8 – 30 MHz (HF bands; regulated under Appendix 2.8 – 30 MHz (HF bands; regulated under Appendix 27)27)

-117.975 – 137 MHz117.975 – 137 MHz

-112 – 117.975 MHz, 960 – 1164 MHz 112 – 117.975 MHz, 960 – 1164 MHz (shared with the Aeronautical Radionavigation (shared with the Aeronautical Radionavigation Service)Service)

-5091 – 5150 MHz (shared with ARNS , AMS and -5091 – 5150 MHz (shared with ARNS , AMS and AMT)AMT)

-Appendix 27 to the Radio Regulations contains detailed Appendix 27 to the Radio Regulations contains detailed provisions on the use and coordination of HF provisions on the use and coordination of HF frequenciesfrequencies







Allocations for use by radionavigation have been Allocations for use by radionavigation have been made to themade to the

-Radionavigation ServiceRadionavigation Service-Radionavigation-satellite ServiceRadionavigation-satellite Service-Aeronautical Radionavigation ServiceAeronautical Radionavigation Service

Special provisions require States to remove Special provisions require States to remove interference from radionavigation servicesinterference from radionavigation services

Provisions for the identification of radio navigation Provisions for the identification of radio navigation systems (e.g. The Morse code on ILS) are contained in systems (e.g. The Morse code on ILS) are contained in the Radio Regulationsthe Radio Regulations



ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 4 – The ITU Regulatory Framework for Chapter 4 – The ITU Regulatory Framework for


ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook Chapter 4 – The ITU Regulatory Framework for Chapter 4 – The ITU Regulatory Framework for


Relation of ITU provisions with ICAO SARPsRelation of ITU provisions with ICAO SARPs

-The ITU Radio Regulations contain the The ITU Radio Regulations contain the internationally agreed policies on the use of RF internationally agreed policies on the use of RF spectrum by ALL radio servicesspectrum by ALL radio services

-ICAO SARPs that affect the use of RF spectrum ICAO SARPs that affect the use of RF spectrum must comply with these policiesmust comply with these policies

-Radio Regulations and SARPs form a Radio Regulations and SARPs form a complimentary set of provisions on the use of complimentary set of provisions on the use of RF spectrum by aviation RF spectrum by aviation







Frequency coordination and registrationFrequency coordination and registration

-In principle, coordination of frequency In principle, coordination of frequency assignments between States to be performed by assignments between States to be performed by ITUITU

-In practice, the coordination of frequency In practice, the coordination of frequency assignments for aviation is performed by ICAO assignments for aviation is performed by ICAO (Regional Offices) for:(Regional Offices) for:

-NDBNDB-ILS, VOR, DME, GBASILS, VOR, DME, GBAS-VHF COMVHF COM

-ICAO can assist in pre-coordination of HF ICAO can assist in pre-coordination of HF frequency assignments frequency assignments







ITU Standards and ITU RecommendationsITU Standards and ITU Recommendations

-ITU does not develop standards for ITU does not develop standards for aeronautical radio systemsaeronautical radio systems

-ITU develops ITU-R Recommendations ITU develops ITU-R Recommendations which may affect the use of aeronautical which may affect the use of aeronautical systems systems

-In most cases, ITU-R Recommendations In most cases, ITU-R Recommendations address aspects on sharing of frequency address aspects on sharing of frequency spectrum spectrum (co-frequency and adjacent frequency)(co-frequency and adjacent frequency)



ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 4 – the ITU Regulatory Framework for Chapter 4 – the ITU Regulatory Framework for

aeronautical services (7)aeronautical services (7)

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 4 – the ITU Regulatory Framework for Chapter 4 – the ITU Regulatory Framework for

aeronautical services (7)aeronautical services (7)

Radio equipment in aircraft (Attachment C to the Radio equipment in aircraft (Attachment C to the Handbook) needs to comply with:Handbook) needs to comply with:

-Telecommunication regulations:Telecommunication regulations:-Operate in properly allocated aeronautical Operate in properly allocated aeronautical frequency bandsfrequency bands-Comply with technical provisions on spurious Comply with technical provisions on spurious emissionemission-Comply with relevant ITU-R RecommendationsComply with relevant ITU-R Recommendations-Operate in accordance with a radio station Operate in accordance with a radio station licenselicense

-Aeronautical regulationsAeronautical regulations-Operators and station license recognized by Operators and station license recognized by StatesStates-Equipment covered by airworthiness Equipment covered by airworthiness certificationcertification-Comply with provisions of Annex 10Comply with provisions of Annex 10







National regulations:National regulations:-National authorities issue radio station licenceNational authorities issue radio station licence

-License is for the installation and use of License is for the installation and use of radio equipment and is recognized by all radio equipment and is recognized by all ICAO contracting StatesICAO contracting States

-Airworthiness approval requiredAirworthiness approval required

Airworthiness approvalAirworthiness approval-To secure compatibility with other radio To secure compatibility with other radio equipment and electronic systems on board an equipment and electronic systems on board an aircraft aircraft -Technical Standing OrderTechnical Standing Order-Minimum Performance SpecificationsMinimum Performance Specifications



ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 5 – ICAO involvement in frequency Chapter 5 – ICAO involvement in frequency

planningplanning


planningplanning

ICAO develops Standards for communication and ICAO develops Standards for communication and navigation systems (Article 37 of the ICAO Convention)navigation systems (Article 37 of the ICAO Convention)-Equipment needs to be globally interoperable and Equipment needs to be globally interoperable and requires globally available allocationsrequires globally available allocations

ICAO coordinates aeronautical input on spectrum issues ICAO coordinates aeronautical input on spectrum issues to ITU conferencesto ITU conferences-Input from ICAO addresses issues such as:Input from ICAO addresses issues such as:

-Protection of ICAO Standards and Recommended Protection of ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs)Practices (SARPs)-Interference levelsInterference levels-Resolution of interferenceResolution of interference-Frequency planning criteria for aviationFrequency planning criteria for aviation




planning (2)planning (2)


planning (2)planning (2)

ICAO activities on spectrum planning are at:ICAO activities on spectrum planning are at:

-Global level (ACP WG F):Global level (ACP WG F):-Develops ICAO policy statements; these are Develops ICAO policy statements; these are to be used in all discussions affecting to be used in all discussions affecting aeronautical spectrumaeronautical spectrum-ICAO position for ITU on specific aeronautical ICAO position for ITU on specific aeronautical requirements to be discussed at WRC’srequirements to be discussed at WRC’s

-Regional level:Regional level:-Coordination of ICAO frequency assignment Coordination of ICAO frequency assignment plansplans

Support from individual ICAO contracting States is Support from individual ICAO contracting States is essentialessential



ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 6 – Overview of the spectrum management Chapter 6 – Overview of the spectrum management

process process

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 6 – Overview of the spectrum management Chapter 6 – Overview of the spectrum management

process process

Regulatory domainRegulatory domain-ITU Radio RegulationsITU Radio Regulations

Technical domain:Technical domain:-ITU-R RecommendationsITU-R Recommendations

Licensing domain:Licensing domain:-Radio station licence (issued by States)Radio station licence (issued by States)

Registration domain:Registration domain:-ITU international Frequency list ITU international Frequency list -ICAO frequency listsICAO frequency lists



ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookOverview of the spectrum management process Overview of the spectrum management process

(2)(2)


(2)(2)

Elements of the technical domain:Elements of the technical domain:

-Allocation planningAllocation planning-World wide or Regional allocationsWorld wide or Regional allocations-Primary or secondary allocationsPrimary or secondary allocations-Footnote allocationsFootnote allocations-Service sharingService sharing-ITU-R RecommendationsITU-R Recommendations-Frequency planning Frequency planning

-ITU frequency assignment plansITU frequency assignment plans-ICAO frequency assignment plansICAO frequency assignment plans




(3)(3)


(3)(3)

State of the art and spectrum managementState of the art and spectrum management

-Recent advances through increased use of Recent advances through increased use of computer technology in frequency assignment computer technology in frequency assignment planningplanning

-New technology introduces system New technology introduces system improvements resulting in more efficient use of improvements resulting in more efficient use of spectrum (e.g. channel splitting) spectrum (e.g. channel splitting)




(4)(4)


(4)(4)

Spectrum management in the future:Spectrum management in the future:

-Greater demand for spectrum expected from all radio Greater demand for spectrum expected from all radio servicesservices

-Spectrum planning focuses on increased sharing of Spectrum planning focuses on increased sharing of spectrum between servicesspectrum between services

-Spectrum planning focuses on releasing spectrum not Spectrum planning focuses on releasing spectrum not used or not efficiently usedused or not efficiently used

-In some countries spectrum pricing is being proposedIn some countries spectrum pricing is being proposed

-Progressive introduction of more spectrum efficient Progressive introduction of more spectrum efficient systemssystems



ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation, Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation,

technical details and ICAO policy technical details and ICAO policy

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation, Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation,

technical details and ICAO policy technical details and ICAO policy

-Section 7-ISection 7-I List of frequency bands for aviationList of frequency bands for aviation

-Section 7-IISection 7-II Civil aviation frequency allocations Civil aviation frequency allocations

-Section 7-III Section 7-III Other provisions in the Radio Other provisions in the Radio RegulationsRegulations

-Section 7-IVSection 7-IV ITU Resolutions and ITU Resolutions and RecommendationsRecommendations



ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookStatement of frequency allocation, technical Statement of frequency allocation, technical

details and ICAO policy (2)details and ICAO policy (2)



-Section 7-I List of frequency bands in use for civil Section 7-I List of frequency bands in use for civil aviationaviation

Band Service Aviation use

Section7-II

page no.

*90–110 kHz RNS LORAN-C 7-15

*130–535 kHz ARNS NDB/locator 7-19

2 850–22 000 kHz AM(R)S Air-ground communications(HF voice and data)

7-31

3 023 and 5 680 kHz AM(R)S Search and rescue 7-41

74.8–75.2 MHz ARNS Marker beacon 7-43

*108–117.975 MHz ARNSAM(R)S

VOR/ILS localizer/GBAS/VDL Mode 4

7-47

*117.975–137 MHz AM(R)S Air-ground and air-air communications

(VHF voice and data)

7-59

121.5, 123.1 and243 MHz

AM(R)S/MSS Emergency frequencies 7-67

328.6–335.4 MHz ARNS ILS glide path 7-69







Re. ICAO Handbook on radio frequency spectrum requirements (Doc. 9718)







Section 7-II Civil aviation frequency allocationsSection 7-II Civil aviation frequency allocations

-Primary allocationPrimary allocation

-Has priority over secondary allocationHas priority over secondary allocation

-Secondary allocationSecondary allocation

-Shall not cause harmful interference to a Shall not cause harmful interference to a primary allocation and must accept primary allocation and must accept interference from a primary allocation – at any interference from a primary allocation – at any timetime







Frequency distribution

toFrench English Spanish

ServicesAttribution(attribuer)

Allocation(to allocate)

Atribucion(atribuir)

AreasAllotissement

(allotir)Allotment(to allot)

Adjudicación(adjudicar)

StationsAssignation(assigner)

Assignment(to assign)

Assignations(asignar)

Frequencies are:Frequencies are:Allocated to Services (Radio Regulations)Allocated to Services (Radio Regulations)Allotted to areas (Radio Regulations; allotment plans)Allotted to areas (Radio Regulations; allotment plans)Assigned to [radio] stations (by States after international Assigned to [radio] stations (by States after international coordination completedcoordination completed







Section 7-II Civil aviation frequency allocations, Section 7-II Civil aviation frequency allocations, continuedcontinued

-Layout in Handbook for details on frequency allocationsLayout in Handbook for details on frequency allocations-ITU provisions relevant to the allocationITU provisions relevant to the allocation-ITU provisions relevant to the allocationITU provisions relevant to the allocation-ICAO policy statements (established by Council)ICAO policy statements (established by Council)-Description of aeronautical useDescription of aeronautical use-Commentary (background information)Commentary (background information)-Note that in Revision 5 of the Handbook, the below Note that in Revision 5 of the Handbook, the below has been moved to Appendix G:has been moved to Appendix G:-Reference material (ICAO, ITU, Industry Standards Reference material (ICAO, ITU, Industry Standards (RTCA, EUROCAE) (RTCA, EUROCAE) -Interference from non-aeronautical sources (if Interference from non-aeronautical sources (if available)available)







MHz108–117.975

Allocation to Services

Region 1 Region 2 Region 3

108–117.975 AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION

5.197 5.197A

Footnotes:5.197 Additional allocation: in Pakistan and the Syrian Arab Republic, the band 108–111.975 MHz is also allocated to the mobile service on a secondary basis, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. In order to ensure that harmful interference is not caused to stations of the aeronautical radionavigation service, stations of the mobile service shall not be introduced in the band until it is no longer required for the aeronautical radionavigation service by any administration which may be identified in the application of the procedures invoked under No. 9.21.

5.197A Additional allocation: the band 108-117.975 MHz is also allocated on a primary basis to the aeronautical mobile (R) service, limited to systems operating in accordance with recognized international aeronautical standards. Such use shall be in accordance with Resolution 413 (Rev. WRC-07). The use of the band 108-112 MHz by the aeronautical mobile (R) service shall be limited to systems composed of ground-based transmitters and associated receivers that provide navigational information in support of air navigation functions in accordance with recognized international aeronautical standards. (WRC-07)

Frequency allocation for the band 108 -117.975 MHz Frequency allocation for the band 108 -117.975 MHz as per ITU Radio Regulationsas per ITU Radio Regulations




details and ICAO policy (8) details and ICAO policy (8)



ICAO policy statement as approved by Council for ICAO policy statement as approved by Council for the band 108 – 117.975 MHz the band 108 – 117.975 MHz

ICAO POLICY• No change to the current allocation to the aeronautical radionavigation service and the aeronautical mobile (route) service.• Deletion of Footnote 5.197.• Ensure conformity with ITU-R Recommendation SM.1009 regarding compatibility with FM broadcast services in the band 87.5–108 MHz and ILS/VOR and with ITU-R Recommendation M.1841 for GBAS.• Support studies associated with ITU-R Resolution 413 in order to facilitate the use of the frequency band by AM(R)S systems that operate in accordance with international standards..







- Aviation use: description of the systems Aviation use: description of the systems (ILS, VOR, GBAS and VDL Mode 4) using the (ILS, VOR, GBAS and VDL Mode 4) using the band 108 – 117.975 MHzband 108 – 117.975 MHz

- Commentary: Background information on Commentary: Background information on the use of the band 108 – 117.975 MHz by the use of the band 108 – 117.975 MHz by aviation.aviation.







.

M Hz

111

.10

111

.15

111.

35

111

.55

111

.75

111.

95

111

.30

111.

50

111

.70

111

.90

120

.00

110

.95

110

.90

110.

75

110

.70

110

.50

110

.30

110

.10

10

9.9

0

10

9.7

0

10

9.5

0

10

9.3

0

10

9.1

0

10

8.9

0

10

8.7

0

10

8.5

0

10

8.3

0

10

8.1

0

110

.55

110

.35

110

.15

10

9.9

5

10

9.7

5

10

9.5

5

10

9.3

5

109

.15

108

.95

10

8.7

5

10

8.5

5

10

8.3

5

10

8.1

5

10

8.0

0

328

.6

32

9.1

5

329

.30

329

.45

32

9.6

0

329

.75

32

9.9

0

33

0.0

5

330

.20

330

.35

330

.50

330

.65

330

.80

33

0.9

5

331

.10

331

.25

331

.40

331

.55

331

.70

331

.85

33

2.0

0

332

.15

332

.30

33

2.4

5

33

2.6

0

332

.75

33

2.9

0

33

3.0

5

33

3.2

0

33

3.3

5

33

3.5

0

33

3.6

5

333

.80

333

.95

33

4.1

0

33

4.2

5

33

4.4

0

33

4.5

5

33

4.7

0

33

4.8

5

33

5.0

0

335

.4







-Technical and other information:Technical and other information:-References to relevant material in:References to relevant material in:-ICAO Annex 10 (specifications for ILS, VOR, GBAS ICAO Annex 10 (specifications for ILS, VOR, GBAS and VDL Mode 4)and VDL Mode 4)-RTCA and EUROCAE standards for airborne RTCA and EUROCAE standards for airborne equipmentequipment-ARINC CharacteristicsARINC Characteristics-ITU-R RecommendationsITU-R Recommendations

-Other technical materialOther technical material-References to information specific to interference References to information specific to interference from FM broadcasting stationsfrom FM broadcasting stations







Section 7-III; Radio Regulations and other materialSection 7-III; Radio Regulations and other material

-ITU Constitution and ConventionITU Constitution and Convention- ICAO participates as an observer in an advisory capacityICAO participates as an observer in an advisory capacity

-Radio Regulations Administrative provisionsRadio Regulations Administrative provisions-No. 3.3 No. 3.3 - incorporate technical means to reduce interference- incorporate technical means to reduce interference-No. 4.4 No. 4.4 – States can use frequencies in a manner that does – States can use frequencies in a manner that does not comply with the Radio Regulations – However, such use not comply with the Radio Regulations – However, such use must protect stations which operate in compliance with the must protect stations which operate in compliance with the Radio RegulationsRadio Regulations-No. 4.10 No. 4.10 – States recognize the safety aspects of – States recognize the safety aspects of radionavigationradionavigation-No. 15.8 No. 15.8 – Special consideration to be given to avoid – Special consideration to be given to avoid interference on distress and safety servicesinterference on distress and safety services-Chapter V Section III Chapter V Section III – Formation of call signs– Formation of call signs-No. 44.1No. 44.1 Order of priority of communicationsOrder of priority of communications



ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 8 - Future Spectrum RequirementsChapter 8 - Future Spectrum Requirements

ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 8 - Future Spectrum RequirementsChapter 8 - Future Spectrum Requirements

Future spectrum requirements are identified in the Future spectrum requirements are identified in the Handbook for:Handbook for:

-GNSS augmentationGNSS augmentation-GBAS GBAS -SBASSBAS-LAAS/WAASLAAS/WAAS

-Synthetic visionSynthetic vision-HF data link HF data link -VDL Mode 4VDL Mode 4-ADS-BADS-B-Future Communication Systems Future Communication Systems



ICAO Radio Frequency HandbookICAO Radio Frequency HandbookChapter 9 – Interference protection Chapter 9 – Interference protection

considerations (1) considerations (1)



Interference issues: Interference issues:

-Regulatory aspectsRegulatory aspects

-Management and control of interferenceManagement and control of interference

-Assessment of protection of aeronautical servicesAssessment of protection of aeronautical services

-Some special casesSome special cases

-General protection limits for aeronautical servicesGeneral protection limits for aeronautical services







Regulatory aspectsRegulatory aspects-Harmful interference (RR1.169)Harmful interference (RR1.169)Interference which endangers the functioning of a radionavigation Interference which endangers the functioning of a radionavigation service or of other safety services or seriously degrades, obstructs, service or of other safety services or seriously degrades, obstructs, or repeatedly interrupts a radiocommunication service operating in or repeatedly interrupts a radiocommunication service operating in accordance with Radio Regulations (CS).accordance with Radio Regulations (CS).-Safety Service (RR 1.59)Safety Service (RR 1.59)Any radiocommunication service used permanently or temporarily Any radiocommunication service used permanently or temporarily for the safeguarding of human life and property.for the safeguarding of human life and property.-Aviation safety factorAviation safety factor

-6dB, to be added to the minimum protection level 6dB, to be added to the minimum protection level -Registration of frequenciesRegistration of frequencies

-Registration provides administrative protection from harmful Registration provides administrative protection from harmful interferenceinterference







Management and control of interference:Management and control of interference:

-International agreement on a regulatory basis-International agreement on a regulatory basis-ITU Radio Regulations Board-ITU Radio Regulations Board

-System and equipment standards-System and equipment standards-ICAO SARPs-ICAO SARPs-RTCA and EUROCAE specifications-RTCA and EUROCAE specifications-ITU-R Recommendations-ITU-R Recommendations

-Licensing of radio services-Licensing of radio servicesLicensing conditions can assist in preventing and removing Licensing conditions can assist in preventing and removing interferenceinterference

-Control and clearance of interference-Control and clearance of interference-Telecommunication authority within a StateTelecommunication authority within a State-ICAO (Regional Office)ICAO (Regional Office)-ITU (Radiocommunication Bureau)ITU (Radiocommunication Bureau)







Assessment of protection of aeronautical services:Assessment of protection of aeronautical services:

-Subject to analysis (e.g. in case of allocation sharing)Subject to analysis (e.g. in case of allocation sharing)-Based on interference threshold, established by aviationBased on interference threshold, established by aviation-Aviation safety factor (6 dB)Aviation safety factor (6 dB)

-Variables to be considered in assessment / analysisVariables to be considered in assessment / analysis-Source of interferenceSource of interference-Frequency separationFrequency separation-Distance separationDistance separation-Receiver susceptibility to interferenceReceiver susceptibility to interference-RF propagationRF propagation







Some special casesSome special cases

-ISMISM

Harmonic relation between ISM frequencies and aeronautical Harmonic relation between ISM frequencies and aeronautical VHF bandsVHF bands

-VSAT /SNGVSAT /SNG-These systems use small satellite antennas and can be These systems use small satellite antennas and can be located anywhere; can cause interference in the near vicinity located anywhere; can cause interference in the near vicinity of aircraft (e.g. if used at airportsof aircraft (e.g. if used at airports))







General protection limits for aeronautical servicesGeneral protection limits for aeronautical services

Limits apply only to intra-system interference; can Limits apply only to intra-system interference; can not be used for assessing interference with other not be used for assessing interference with other systemssystems

Use Frequency Band

MinimumSignal

dB (uV/m)

System Planning

ProtectionRatio DB

SuggestedMaximumLevel of

InterferingSignal DB

(uV/m)

1 Omega 10–14 KHz2 NDB 190–850 KHz 37 (1) 15 163 HF Comms 2.8–22 MHz 154 ILS Mkr Beacon 74.8–75.2 MHz 46 (1) 20 205 ILS Localizer 108–112 MHz 40 (1) 20 146 VOR 108–118 MHz 39 (1) 20 137 VHF Comms 118–137 MHz 37 (1) 14 178 ILS Glide Path 328.6–335.4 MHz 52 (1) 20 269 ELT 406 MHz

10 DME 960–1 215 MHz 71 (1) 8 5711 SSR 1 030–1 090 MHz12 Primary Radar

(23 cm)1 215–1 350 MHz

13 Satcom (S to E) 1 545–1 555 MHz14 GPS 1 559–1 610 MHz –160 dBW (3) –137 (2)15 GLONASS 1 559–1 610 MHz –160 dBW (3) –137 (2)




AttachmentsAttachments


AttachmentsAttachments

A – Definition and TermsA – Definition and Terms--Summary of definitions of terms in the Radio RegulationsSummary of definitions of terms in the Radio Regulations

B – Acronyms and abbreviationsB – Acronyms and abbreviationsC – Regulation of Radio in aircraftC – Regulation of Radio in aircraft

-is addressed under Chapter 4-is addressed under Chapter 4D – Review and update (of the Handbook)D – Review and update (of the Handbook)

-provides a schedule for updating the Handbook to reflect -provides a schedule for updating the Handbook to reflect decisions of WRC’s and develop positions for future WRC’sdecisions of WRC’s and develop positions for future WRC’s

E –E – Strategy for establishing and promoting the ICAO position Strategy for establishing and promoting the ICAO position for ITU World Radiocommunication Conferencesfor ITU World Radiocommunication ConferencesF – ICAO position for WRC-2012 – addressed in separate F – ICAO position for WRC-2012 – addressed in separate presentationpresentationG – Technical Information and Frequency Sharing CriteriaG – Technical Information and Frequency Sharing CriteriaH – ITU Resolutions and Recommendations (as contained in H – ITU Resolutions and Recommendations (as contained in the RR)the RR)

ee



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Questions/Comments?Questions/Comments? Questions/Comments?Questions/Comments?

Documents

Regional Preparatory Seminar on Frequency Spectrum and ITU WRC, Cairo September 2010 ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook DOC 9718 – Fifth edition ICAO Radio