Regents Review – Progressive Movement

Quiz on Immigration

HW: Page 173-177 in Review Book

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Agrarian Movement

• Problems for farmers – overproduction, high railroad costs, natural disasters and indebtedness.

Populists

• Represented laborers, farmers, and industrialists against railroads and banks.

• Wanted – 1 term President, graduated income tax, government ownership of railroads, telephones, telegraphs, direct election of Senators, restriced immigration.

• Actually passed - graduated income tax, direct election of Senators, secret ballot

• Gave rise to 3rd party movement

Grangers

• Organization of farmers• Purpose – break up rural isolation and spread info

about new farming techniques.• Formed cooperatives which bought machinery and

fertilizers – failed.• Elected candidates to state legislature. Favored

regulating railroads.• Munn v. Illinois – State government can regulate

RR. Wabash v. Illinois – reversed.

Progressive Goals

• Correct political and economic injustices that resulted from industrialization.

• Government should correct evils.

• Felt government was corrupted by big business and political bosses.

Famous Muckrakers

• Investigative reporters and writers that exposed abuses.

• Upton Sinclair – “The Jungle”

• Jacob Riis – “How the Other Half lives” – pictures of conditions of urban poor.

• Jane Addams – Hull House (1889) – Settlement house.

Wilson’s “New Freedom”

• Tame big business, greater competition.• Underwood tariff – lowered taxes by 25%• Graduated income tax – (16th amendment)• Federal Reserve Act – Federal government

regulates money in circulation• Clayton Anti-trust Act – allowed for Unions.• Federal Trade Commission – protect consumers.

Roosevelt’s “Square Deal”

• “Trust Buster” – revived Sherman Anti-Trust Act.• Meat Inspection Act – 1906• Pure Food and Drug Act – 1906• Increased power of Interstate Commerce

Commission• Stopped selling public land for development.• National Conservation Commission – public

parks, forests, set aside public land.

Progressive Reforms

• Secret Ballot

• Direct Election of Senators

• Referendum – place bill on a ballot

• Recall – elected officials can be removed by voters in a special election.

• Party Primaries

• Initiatives – voters could start a bill.