Reflective Essay Final

8/9/2019 Reflective Essay Final

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Design of a non-lethal

assault rifleSupervisor: Ms. Janny Chan

Kit Leung, S4 Joy

Victoria Shanghai Academy


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Table of content

Topic Page Number

Introduction 3

Description of the process 4

Researchand Investigation 4 CreationofProduct 6

Analysis 8

Research Stage 8 Creation Stage 9

Conclusion 10

Bibliography 12

Appendix 15

Appendix I Picturesfrom Vietnam 16 Appendix II ExplanationofSuppressorand Bayonet Lug 17

Appendix III The Design Prototypes: StandardandCompact Versions 18 Appendix IV Brochure 19


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Introduction

Theassaultrifleisanessentialequipmentofthearmedforces. Itisastatusandalargesymbolinthehistoryoffirearmsdevelopment. Theinventionoftheassaultrifleforever

changestheinfantrywarfare. However,firearmscausedseriousdamagetothehuman

body, whereinsomeinstancesthe killingpowerisunnecessary. Therefore,expertsand

manufacturersinthedefenceindustrybeganthedevelopmentofnon-lethal weaponsand

ordnancetodecreasethedeathrate whilemaintainingtheeffectivestoppingpower.

Besidesthemilitary,theordinarycitizensandpolicearealsothemainusersoffirearms.

Insuchsituations, whenarobberbreaksintoaproperty,thefirstinstinctistheperson

wouldgrabafirearm (ifavailable)tofightback, whentheoperatorofthefirearm

successfullyshootstherobber,mostofthetimehe wouldbeseverelyinjuredorsometimesdie. Inmyopinion,thisisanoveruseofforce. Instead,apersonshoulduse

somesortoflesslethal weapontostoptherobbersactionandtobringhim/hertojustice.

Thegoalofmypersonalprojectistodesignanon-lethalassaultrifleforthepurposeof

selfdefence. Theachievementofmygoalisshownthroughthefinalproduct, whichisto

designaprototypeassaultrifleandthecartridge, withtheadditionalpresentationofa

brochureofthefinalproduct. Thereason why I usedthismethodisbecausethisisoneof

themostcommon waysfordefenceindustriestopromotetheirproduct, I alsothinkthat

thebrochureistheeasiestmethodtopresenttheinformationtothepublicandtheprocess

ofmakingitdoesnttakemuchtimeanditisnotcomplicated.

Theareaofinteraction (AOI)ofthisprojectisHuman Ingenuity,asthisAOI greatly

emphasizesthestepsofcreationandtheimpacttowardspeople,societyandeventhe

world, whichthecreationfortheprototypeandevaluatingtheuseofthenon-lethal

weaponinthesocietyisgreatlylinkedtotheAOI. Toachievethegoaloftheproject,

extensiveresearchisconducted,makingconceptsfortheproduct,constantlyreviewing

improvementandfinallyevaluatingtheresultsoftheproduct. Fromtheproject, I learnt

moreabouttheconceptofnon-lethal weapons,thetypesofthematerialsthatcancreate

non-lethalimpact,thecomponentsoftherifleandsearchingforthecartridgewhichissuitableforplacingthenon-lethalmaterial,mostimportantofall,experiencingtheentire

processofdesigningtheprototype. Meanwhile, I alsoimprovedanddevelopedbetter

skillsinresearch,planning,timemanagementandtheorganizationofdata.


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Description of the process

Research and investigation

Beforestartingtoproposethedesignofmyprototype,extensiveinformationgatheringis

requiredtoletmefullyunderstandtheconcept,theusageandtheabilityofanassault

rifle. Whileconductingtheresearch, I haveuseddifferentsources,liketheinternet,

televisiondocumentaries,militarymagazinesandbooks, wheremultipletypesof

resourcesgavememoreandsometimesextrainformationabouttheassaultrifle. Besides

lookingintothetechnicalaspectoftheassaultrifle, I alsotrytoexplorehow the

manufacturers,thesoldiers,andthelaw enforcementofficersthinkabouttheuseofthe

assaultrifle,thisisimportantsothatduringthecreationoftheproduct, I willhavetoconsiderthestandingpointoftheoperator, wherethiscouldbemoreeffectively

promotedtoeitherthemilitaryforcesorlaw enforcementagencies withpositiveresults.

Inaddition,itcanevensavetimeforcorrectionfromdesigningerrorsforthe

manufacturers. Lastbutnotleast,isthestudyontheconceptofnonlethal weapon,

meaningeliminatingtheopponentsstrengthtofightback withoutthefearofkillingthe

person. Thenon-lethaltechnologythat I haveresearchedincludesthenon-lethalconcept,

how isitusedandthedifferenttypesofnon-lethal weapons (stungun,incapacitating

agentsanddartsthatfiressedativeagents)andordnance (bulletsthatismadeofplastic

andrubber),inadditiontothereviewsbyexperts,policeandthecommonusersofthe

non-lethal weapons.

Asmyfinalproductistocreateaprototypeofanassaultrifle withnon-lethaleffect, I

searchedtheinformationonthecomponentsofanassaultrifletostart with. Thisisvery

helpfultomycreationstage,sothat I wouldnotbeconfusedandtoletme know the

componentsofthefirearmthoroughly. Furtherrelatedresearchesincludingdifferent

typesofcartridgesthatarepopularlyusedinmanycountriesarmedforces, wherethisis

equallyimportantasit wouldnotbemeaningfulifthefirearmdoesnthavethe

specificationofwhat kindofcartridgetobefired. I alsostudiedthegunlawsandacts1as

thetargetgroupforthepromotionoftheassaultriflearecivilians, wheretheseoperatorsaretobecomplied withthestrictrules. Finallyistheresearchonthedifferenttypesof

non-lethalmaterialsthatcouldbefittedintothebullettip.

1Countries that I have researched for laws and acts related to firearms include USA, UK, Germany, Finland

and South Africa


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Inadditiontomyresearch, I haveconductedaninterview2andearnedararechanceto

shootarealrifle withliveroundsduringmyvacationto Vietnam3. Theeffectivenessof

utilizingboththeprimaryandsecondarysourcesgivesmeinspirationandideasthat will

behelpfulinmydesign. Mostimportantly,theprimarysourcesgivemeabonusof

experiencefrom which I cangainmoreideasto writefortheevaluationofmyproject.

Alltheresearchesandthegatheringoftheinformationaresavedindifferentfilesunder

onecomputerfolderwithclearindications,thisistosavethehassleofwhich kindof

information I actuallyfoundandcarelesslyrepeatedintheresearchagain.Allthefiles

arerecorded withthedateandtime, whichthen willbeincludedintotheprocessjournal

asareferenceandallthematerials I havefoundarecompleted withthe EasyBibwebsite

todothebibliographyinanaccurateandefficientmanner. Utilisingthistypeofmethod

helpsmetobemoreorganizedinfacingthistypeofproject.

Overtime, I havemadedecisionstocontinuemoreindepthresearchandlayingoutthe

designcriterionoftheproduct. Suchasatthefirststage,choosingthedesignconfigurationintraditionalform

4, whichmostpeoplearefamiliarandareusedto,

thereforethisdecision wastakeninaveryshortperiodoftime.Anothermajordecisionin

theproject wasthechoosingofanappropriatecartridge,afterathoroughreview onthe

contestants, I havechosenthe.22 LongRiflecalibre, whichhastheleastimpact

towardsthehumanbodyduetothelow velocityandarelativelylightbullet weight.

Finally,thedecisiononthebullettip wouldjustbemadeofpaintballplasticinorderto

createheavypainsensation. Thereason I usethepaintballasthenon-lethalmaterialis

becauseitiseasytoobtainanddoesntrequirespecialattentionortrainingtouse.

Duringthecreationstage, I alsoinvestigated which kindsoftacticalaccessoriesthatshouldbeintegratedintothepackageoftherifletomaketheproductmoreindemand.

Afterseriousconsideration, I decidedtousethelatestopticaltechnologyonthefirearm,

the EOTechholographicsight. I alsoadaptedtherailintegrationsystem (formerlythe

PicatinnyRail, US militarydesignationas MIL-STD 1913)tomaketheoperatorofthe

rifleeasiertoattachtheirowntacticalaccessories whenevertheylike.

Beforetheresearchbegan,theprocessofinquiryoftheprojectshallbedonetobeginthe

research. Fromtheverybeginningoftheproject,the PP coordinatorexplainedtoushow

tochooseasuitabletopicoftheprojectbasedonourhobbiesorinterest. Therefore, I then

startedtoaskmyhomeroomteachersaboutmytopicand whetheritissuitableornot.

2The interview person is Mr. Ian Melville, an English teacher in my school, whom previously served in the

Canadian Forces from 1991-1994, from him I seek precious information about his personal comments

towards his service rifle of the army, the Diemaco C7, Canadian version of the American M16.3

Pictures of the shooting is located in the Appendix I4

traditional forms can be identified where the magazine is located in front of the trigger


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Afterthepermissionisgranted, I thenthoughtaboutthegoaloftheprojectand whats

theareaofinteractionshouldbe.Attheendoftheday, I decidedtodesignanassaultrifle

asthegoaloftheproject. I quicklycommencedmyresearchduringthesummerholidays,

astheschoolyearbegan, I successfullysubmittedtheCriterionA Essaytothe PP

supervisorandonhand I havetonsofresearchmaterials. Nevertheless, I continueto

exploremorematerialsandinformationthat wouldbeusefulorevenvitaltotheproject.

Thepurposeofusingtheprocessofinquiryistogiveaclearindicationofthepathofmy

project,layingoutthegoalsoftheprojectstepbystep,sothatifthereisanyproblemin

themiddleoftheproject, I wouldbeabletoquicklytracebacktotherootoftheproblem,

modifythestepsandimproveit,thisalsohelpstosavetimeandimprovesmyskillson

problemsolving.

Whileconductingtheresearchoftheproject, I alsostartedtothinkaboutthecreationof

theproduct, whichmethod I shouldusetoshow thefinalproductofmyproject.One way

istocreatethebasicversionoftheprototypeandexpandittootherversionsoftherifle,likethecompactversion, whichhastheintegrationoftacticalaccessories.Another

possibleversionoftherifleisthe Light Support Weaponversionandthe Grenade

Launcherversion which wasnotexploitedasitcontainedexcessivefirepowerwhich

easily killsapersonand willnotbeadequateformydesigngoalofbeingnon-lethal.

Creation of product

Bythistime, I havealreadycompletedtheresearchand I beganthecreationofthe

product. Beforethen,thecriteriaofthedesignoftheprototypeareset withthe

considerationofsafetyand withinthelaw, whichistofulfilthestrictrequirementsthat

areunderthefirearmsacts.5

Itincludesthelengthoftherifle (appropriatelytofulfilthe

requirementofthelaws),thecapacityoftheroundsthatthemagazinecouldbeloaded

ontotherifle,theammunitionoftherifleandtheprobable weightoftherifle. I also

placedsomerestrictionspecificallysuitthecivilianmarket,astheassaultriflecanonly

befiredinsemi-automaticmode,thelackofcapabilityofinstallingsuppressorsandthe

lackofinstallingabayonetlug (aplacetoattachbayonet) 6.

Duringthecreation, I firstsketchedthebasicversionoftheprototype,followingthe

criteria I havesetpreviously:thelengthoftheprototypeis 35 incheslongincludingthe

barrellengthof20 inches,thecartridgeoftherifleisthe 0.22 LongRifleRim-fire

Cartridge,thebullettip wouldbemadeofplastic,asit wouldjustpenetratetheouter

5Countries that I have researched for laws and acts related to firearms include USA, UK, Germany, Finland

and South Africa6

See appendix II


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layeroftheskin. Theoperatingsystem (firearmaction)istheshortstrokepistonsystem

whichisfamedforitsdurabilityandlongerservicelife.

Aftersketchingthebasicversionoftheprototype, I thenstartedtoreflectonmydesign. I

realisedthattheselectorswitchoftherifleisfoundtobetoosimilartothe M16. The

handguardoftherifleseemedtobesimilartootherrifles, whereitcouldnotshow thestyleandfunctionofthelatestgeneration. I thenstartedtoconsiderutilizingthedifferent

designfeaturesofseveralpresentdesignstoperfecttheprototype.Asthesecondrough

sketchiscompleted, I foundmyselftobesatisfiedasthedesignismodernbutnot

eccentric. I then wenttoaskmy PP supervisor, whoisalsoateacherintechnology,she

suggestedmetousethegraphicsoftwaretodraw theprototypeforbetterpresentation. In

theend, I decidedtousetheCorel Draw X4 asmytooltosketchtheprototype7.

Asmybasicversionoftheprototypeiscompleted, I shiftedmyattentiontothedesignof

acompactversion,militarily knownastheCarbine. Thedifferencebetweenthecompact

versionandthebasicversionincludes:shorterinlengthto 29 inches withabarrellengthof16 inches (again,tocomply withgunlawsandacts),itfeaturesaslidingstock

comparedtothefixedstockofthebasicversion;italsofeaturesthepre-installed

Picatinnyrailtoinstalladditionaltacticalaccessoriesinfastandeasy way. Thecompact

versionalsocomes withapackageincludingan EOTech Holographicsight.

Afterthecompletionofbothdesignsoftheprototype, I thenstartedtocreateabrochure8

topresentmyproductinanicerandbetterway. Thebrochurecontainstheintroduction

andspecificationsofthebasicandcompactversionoftheprototype.

7See in Appendix III

8See in Appendix IV


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Analysis

Research stage

Theresearchstageisthemostvitalpartofthepersonalproject. Thisisbecauseifthere

isntagoodresearchformytopic,there wouldnotbeagoodcreationoftheproductfor

theproject. Thereareotherreasonsthattheresearchshouldbetakenseriouslyand

conductedinthebestorder. First, I shouldhaveaverydeep knowledgeoftheassaultrifle,

nevertheless,sometimestheinformationcouldbemisleadingorthereisinformationthat

I havetopayspecialattentionto. Inaddition, withouttheresearchoftheproject, I would

nothavelearnedthoroughlyabouteachcomponentoftheassaultrifleandtheconceptof

nonlethal weapon.

Theresearchhelpedmetocreatemyproductinmany waysandisvitaltomydesign

stage. Theappropriatemethodandcontentsoftheresearchmademetohaveasless

errorsaspossible.Overtheprocessoftheresearchstage, I reinforcedmyselfadirection

ofhow I shouldcreatethedesignoftheprototype,i.e.tocreateafairlynew designas

comparedtothepresentdesignsoftheriflesthatareusedbythemilitariesofthe world.

Thelearningonthecomponentsofanassaultrifleisuseful when I describeorillustrate

thefirearmindepthtopresentthespecificationoftherifle.

Theinformationwhich I havefoundactuallygivesmeinspirationandthesupportto

createmyproduct,fromthebasicconceptofhow thefamousrifledesignersdevelopedthecriteriafordesigningtherifle,tothecommentsbythelaw enforcementagencies who

fieldtestedtherifleandlastlytheexpertsevaluationontheadvantagesand

disadvantagesofthepresentrifledesign.Atthelaterstage,italsochangesmyideaofthe

designas I havetocreatea weaponthatmustbenon-lethal,therefore I havesearchedthe

informationabout whichtypeofammunitioncancreatetheacceptablestoppingpower

but withouttheriskoflethality,simultaneouslymychoiceofhow todesignalso

becomingrestrictedastherearegunlawstobeabided,forthefirearmsusageofcivilians.

When I encounteredtheproblemsduringtheresearchstage, I triedtotraceback what I

havedonethatcausedaproblem while I wasresearchingthematerial. Whentheproblemwasidentified, I wouldtrytochangetheideaofthemattertosolveit. Ifattheend, I

couldnotresolve, I wouldseekhelp,the worstcasescenario wastoforgetitandthinkof

anew idea. Inmyresearchstage,thereareproblemslikemakingdecisionsanddefining

theproblems,ittakesmesometimebutintheend I haveconqueredthechallenges.


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Creation stage

Inthe IB definitionoftheAOI, Human Ingenuitystressesthe wayhumanscaninitiate

changes, whetherforgoodorbad,andexaminestheconsequences,emphasizesboththe

importanceofresearchingthedevelopmentsmadebypeopleacrossspace,timeand

cultures,andtheimportanceoftakingtimetoreflectonthesedevelopments.9

The

statement, whichactuallymatchesthegoalofmyproject, wheremygoalistodesigna

non-lethalassaultrifleforselfdefensepurpose,theAOI certainlyconnectstomy

personalproject; where creationisonetheelementsofHuman Ingenuity. Theinvention

ofthenon-lethalassaultriflecametoaradicalchangetosocietyintermsoflaw

enforcementmeansandhumanityvalues.

Therearemany waysin whichtheprojecthelpedmetoachievemygoal. Themethodof

researchenabledmetoreachmysuccess,thisisbecause I havebeentaughttoresearch

theinformationthroughdifferentresources,pinpointingtheinformationthatmustalwaysbeusefulduringthecourseoftheproject,andfinallyprioritizethematerialsthatshould

beresearchedandtobeused whilecreatingtheproduct. Secondly,the wayofthinkingas

comparingtoothertimes while wedoourworkalsomakesthedifference.As I am

startingtodraw mycriteriononmyprototype,becausemygoalneedstobeachievedata

higherlevel, I thenstartedtothinkinthe wayofgettingintotheotherpersonsshoes,

imaginingthepresentsituationofnotto killcriminal whilemaintainingmyself-morality,

butatleasteliminatingthethreat,torespondtothat, what kindoffirearmandfirepower

theoperatorshouldhave.

Inthecreationoftheproduct, when I gotstuckonaparticularproblem, I wouldthinkhow I shouldshapethiscomponent. I wouldtrytolookattheexamplesofthepresent

designsandsomeobsoletedesigns. Thisactionistogivemyselfmoreinspirationonhow

todesignmyownprototype. Besideslookingontothedesignitself, I wouldalsoresearch

onreviewsgivenbyprofessionalshootersandexperts, whocommentedonthevarious

componentsandaccessories,hencequicklyresolvemyproblemofwhich kindofby-

productshouldbeincludedtomyprototype.

I wouldratemyselfassatisfactoryonmyproduct. Thisisbecause I havesuccessfully

completedtheprototypedesign wherebyitispresentableanddoesntlookstrangeas

comparedtotheoriginaldesignstodate.

9"Human Ingenuity." International Baccalaureate (IB). Web. 31 Jan. 2010.

http://www.ibo.org/myp/curriculum/interaction/humaningenuity/


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Conclusion

Thegoalofmypersonalprojectistocreateanon-lethalassaultrifleforselfdefencepurposes. I havebroughtmyconceptofintegratingthenon-lethaltechnologyintoa

firearmthatiscommonlyusedandcompletedmygoalthroughtheresearch-designcycle

oftheprototypeandlearningexperiencethat I gainedinthepersonalproject. Thisis

reflectedonthesuccessfulpresentationofmyfinalproductonthebrochureand I feel

that I havesetanappropriategoal withoutanycomplication.

Overthecourseofmyproject, I havelearnedtheprocessofcreatingtheproduct

throughthedesignofmyprototype, whereitisanimportantelementoftheAOI, Human

Ingenuity. I havegainvaluableexperiencethroughtheresearch-designcycleand

developednew knowledge,includinghow I shoulddesigntheriflethroughtheuseofgraphicsoftware;how todecide which kindofnon-lethalmaterialshould I beusingto

makemyrifleanequipmentthatcontainstheadequatenon-lethaleffect,inorderto

providetheoperatorthebestprotectionwithoutsacrificingoneslifeandmost

importantly,how I shouldconsiderwithmydesignabouttheimpacttowardssocietyand

the world.

TheAOI stronglyemphasizeshow thecreationoftheproductimpactsthepeopleand

society. Withthisconceptinmindasthecriteriaofmydesign, I havereviewedand

researchedmanydifferenttypesofnon-lethal weaponsthatareavailablenowadaysas

wellastheirapplicationsandtherelatedimpacttotheglobalsociety. I alsocomparethesetothelethal weaponusagethatismorecommonlyapplied.

I believethedesignofmyprototypeincreasesself-moralityoftheoperatorsincethenon-

lethalrifledoesnot killapersonand Justicecanthenbefurtherpursued. Moreover,the

non-lethal weaponalsodecreasesmisunderstanding, wherebyinseveralsituations,

innocentpeoplecouldbeshotandtheperson whoshootsbyaccident wouldneedtobear

withtheundesiredresponsibilities. Sometimes,criminalstooshouldnotbeshotdeadon

thespotastheymayonlybeinvolvedinlightoffencesthatdonotdeservesuchlife

punishmentorinsomecases,thecriminalpossesseshighvalueinformationandthat

he/sheshouldbe keptaliveforintelligenceinvestigation.

Fromthisproject, I havediscoveredtheindepth knowledgeabouttheconceptofnon-

lethal weapons,notonlytothetechnologicalinventionsbutmoreintotheirimpact

towardshumanmoralityandtheimpactofusinga weaponinsociety,nomatterwhether

theyarelethalornot. I havechangedmy wayofthinkingtowardsfirearms,asinthepast,

I only know weaponsthataredesignedto killanopponent. Now, I thinkthattheuseof


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non-lethal weaponsshouldbeintroduced widelytosocietyandtoalltypesofusers

besidesthecivilians,likethelaw enforcementagenciesandeventhemilitaryforces,asit

canbeutilizedinsituationslikeriotscontrolorcapturinghardcorecriminals.

I wisheverylevelofsocietycanaccepttheapplicationofnon-lethaltechnologyasthere

willbenoriskoftakingawayapersonslife. Thenon-lethalconcept wouldrevolutionizethesocialsecurityasthistechnology wouldpreservelaw andorderwhilemaintainingthe

rightofapersontolive. Mostimportantly, whenashootingoccurs,thereispsychological

impactfortheoperatorandthepeoplepresent,astheymaysufferfromnightmareor

occasionallytroubledmentalityashe/shecannotcontrolhim/herselffromthehorrific

experience.

Althoughthenon-lethalconceptseemstobeaperfectsolutiontopreventdeadlyviolence,

neverthelesslikeanyotherthinginthe world,itstillconsistits weaknessestoo. For

example,ifaburglarwhoisheavilyarmedentersapersonsresidence,thenon-lethal

riflethat I designed wouldbeuselessinthissituation. Theintroductionofnon-lethalweapontothesocietymayalsoencouragemorearmedcrimestooccurasthecriminals

willassumethey willberesistedbysuchmeansandthey willbepreparedbefore

committingacrime,this willalsoleadtoacompetitionofarmedequipmentbetweenlaw

enforcementagenciesandthecriminals. I believethepublicandthelaw enforcement

parties willhavetobeunitedandreview theexistinglegalloopholesorevendrafting

new actstoconveythenon-lethaltechnologytothecrimecontrolenvironmentinorderto

benefitthesocietyas wellaspreventingthemisuseofthetechnology.

Inconclusion, I amsatisfiedwithmyprojectofmakingthisassaultrifle whichhas

transformedthemostlethal weaponinthefamilyoffirearms,tobea weaponthatisnon-lethalbutremainsindesignandoperationalsimilaritylikeanyotherfamousassaultrifles

inthe world. I thinkthatthedesignoftheprototypeandthechoiceofnon-lethalmaterial

arethebestandmostprominent, whichfulfilthecorevalueofmypersonalproject.

IfI weretogobackintime, I thinkthat I woulddesignsomethinglikeaspeciallauncher

tobringthenon-lethaltechnologytoanew level.Anotherchoice wouldbeintegrating

thenon-lethaltechnologyintolightfirearmslikehandgunsandshotgunssincetheyare

easiertooperateandmostimportantlytheyaremoreeconomicaltopurchase.

Inmyopinion, I thinkthatthenon-lethaltechnologyisaninvention whichisjustasimportantas Thomas Edison whohadinventedthefirstelectriclightbulbintermsof

humanity.

Total wordcount: 3996 words


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"Night Vision & Optics." Military Supplies. Web. 16 Sept. 2009.

Sites for the research of non-lethal weapon

"Beyond the Rubber Bullet - TIME." Breaking News, Analysis, Politics, Blogs, News Photos, Video,

Tech Reviews - TIME.com. Web. 02 Nov. 2009.

http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,322588,00.html

"Plastic Bullets." Internet Archive: Wayback Machine. Web. 02 Nov. 2009.

http://web.archive.org/web/20060110022317/http://www.relativesforjustice.com/plastic/plast

ic_history.htm

"Less Lethal." FNH USA. Web. 02 Nov. 2009.

http://www.fnhusa.com/le/products/firearms/group.asp?gid=FNG003&cid=FNC01


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"TASER X26C." TASER - Home. Web. 02 Nov. 2009.

http://www2.taser.com/products/consumers/Pages/TASERX26C.aspx

"FM 3-22.31 TABLE OF CONTENTS." GlobalSecurity.org - Reliable Security Information. Web. 02

Nov. 2009. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/3-22-31/index.html

Appendix


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Appendix I Picturefrom Vietnam

Shootingthe Type 56,AK-47sChineseversion

Shootingthe M16


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Appendix II ExplanationofSuppressorand Bayonet Lug

PictureofSuppressor Suppressorisanaccessorytoeliminatethemuzzleflash.

PictureofBayonet Lug Bayonet Lugisatooltoinstalla Bayonetontoafirearm.


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Appendix III The Design Prototypes: StandardandCompact Versions

Prototype 1 Standard Version

Prototype 2 Compact Version

SAFE AUTO

EOTech


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Appendix III Brochure

Documents

Reflective Essay Final