Reflections on Developing and Hosting Reflections on Developing and Hosting Magnetic Resonance Magnetic Resonance Educational Web SitesEducational Web Sites

Magnetic Resonance LaboratoryMagnetic Resonance LaboratoryRochester Institute of TechnologyRochester Institute of Technology

Rochester, NY 14623Rochester, NY 14623--56045604

Joseph P. HornakJoseph P. Hornak

http://http://www.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/mriwww.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/mri/ /

http://http://www.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/nmrwww.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/nmr//

MotivationMotivation

Help my students participate in MRI research earlier.Help my students participate in MRI research earlier.

MethodMethod

Computer based educational material tailored to their level. Computer based educational material tailored to their level.

HistoryHistory19881988 The Basics of NMR ImagingThe Basics of NMR Imaging (CGA)(CGA)19901990 The Basics of NMR Spectroscopy The Basics of NMR Spectroscopy (VGA)(VGA)19961996 The Basics of MRIThe Basics of MRI (html)(html)19971997 The Basics of MRI The Basics of MRI –– Japanese Japanese (html)(html)19981998 The Basics of NMRThe Basics of NMR (html)(html)19991999 The Basics of MRI The Basics of MRI –– RussianRussian (html)(html)20042004 The Basics of MRI The Basics of MRI –– ItalianItalian (html)(html)

Design RequirementsDesign Requirements

Animated and static diagramsAnimated and static diagramsTextTextHighHigh--quality images quality images HypertextHypertextScientific equationsScientific equationsSimultaneous display of imagery and textSimultaneous display of imagery and textRealReal--time updatestime updatesRapid download on modem connectionsRapid download on modem connectionsRapid display of imagesRapid display of imagesGreek symbolsGreek symbols

Design DecisionsDesign Decisions

FramesFramesNo external linksNo external linksNo No pluginspluginsAnimated GIF file formatAnimated GIF file formatNo permissionsNo permissionsGIF (& later JPEG) image formatsGIF (& later JPEG) image formatsCreate a Greek character SetCreate a Greek character SetDisplay equations as imagesDisplay equations as images

html html -- text editortext editor

diagrams diagrams -- Corel PhotoCorel Photo--PaintPaint

animationsanimations -- individual frames with individual frames with CorellCorell PhotoPhoto--PaintPaint-- spliced with spliced with GIF Construction Set, GIF Construction Set, (~1989)(~1989)

ImagesImages -- MRImageMRImage, W. Prentice, GE Medical Systems, W. Prentice, GE Medical Systems-- Corel PhotoCorel Photo--PaintPaint

DevelopmentDevelopment

Table of ContentsTable of ContentsThe Basics of NMRThe Basics of NMR

Preface & HelpPreface & HelpAbout the author About the author

1. Introduction1. Introduction2. The Mathematics of NMR2. The Mathematics of NMR3. Spin Physics3. Spin Physics4. NMR Spectroscopy4. NMR Spectroscopy5. Fourier Transforms5. Fourier Transforms6. Pulse Sequences6. Pulse Sequences7. NMR Hardware7. NMR Hardware8. Practical Considerations8. Practical Considerations9. Carbon9. Carbon--13 NMR13 NMR10. 210. 2--D TechniquesD Techniques11. Advanced Spectroscopic Techniques11. Advanced Spectroscopic Techniques

GlossaryGlossaryList of SymbolsList of SymbolsReferencesReferences

The Basics of MRIThe Basics of MRI

Preface (Help)Preface (Help)About the authorAbout the author

1. 1. IntroductionIntroduction2. 2. The Mathematics of NMRThe Mathematics of NMR3.3. Spin PhysicsSpin Physics4.4. NMR SpectroscopyNMR Spectroscopy5.5. Fourier TransformsFourier Transforms6.6. Imaging PrinciplesImaging Principles7.7. Fourier Transform Imaging PrinciplesFourier Transform Imaging Principles8.8. Basic Imaging TechniquesBasic Imaging Techniques9.9. Imaging HardwareImaging Hardware10.10. Image PresentationImage Presentation11.11. Image ArtifactsImage Artifacts12.12. Advanced Imaging TechniquesAdvanced Imaging Techniques13.13. Your MRI ExamYour MRI Exam14.14. Clinical ImagesClinical Images

GlossaryGlossaryList of SymbolsList of SymbolsReferencesReferences

Architecture and NavigationArchitecture and Navigation

AnimationAnimationFrameFrame

TextTextFrame Frame

Navigation FrameNavigation Frame

Display Figure IconDisplay Figure Icon

More Detail IconMore Detail Icon

Display Animation IconDisplay Animation Icon

Reference IconReference Icon

Previous Information LinkPrevious Information Link

EquationsEquations

SubscriptsSubscripts

SuperscriptsSuperscriptsGreek SymbolsGreek Symbols

Problems Problems

AnswerAnswer

GlossaryGlossary

List of SymbolsList of Symbols

Image LibraryImage Library

Host: Center for Imaging Science, RITHost: Center for Imaging Science, RITSysadminsSysadmins: :

Sue MichelSue Michel Jim Jim BodieBodie

Backbone: Dual OC3 (155 Backbone: Dual OC3 (155 MBpsMBps))Service: Backups, Security, StatisticsService: Backups, Security, StatisticsRequests: ~ 23 million files per yearRequests: ~ 23 million files per year

Site HostingSite Hosting

13.61716BNMR

29.31703BMRI

Disk Space (MB)FilesPackage

02000400060008000

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1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

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Total Visitors: 1,420,000 Total Visitors: 583,000

Usage StatisticsUsage Statistics

The Basics of MRIThe Basics of MRI The Basics of NMRThe Basics of NMR

EE--mail Inquiriesmail Inquiries

10%10%7%7%OtherOther

11%11%4%4%Permission to use FigurePermission to use Figure

< 1%< 1%5%5%License / Copy RequestLicense / Copy Request

< 1%< 1%8%8%Career Path / Position RequestCareer Path / Position Request

22%22%14%14%Thank YouThank You

----17%17%Medical AdviceMedical Advice

56%56%45%45%General EducationGeneral EducationBNMRBNMRBMRIBMRITypeType

Approximately 25 Inquiries per week.Approximately 25 Inquiries per week.

I will be having a MRI on my lower back to find hopefully where I will be having a MRI on my lower back to find hopefully where my my continuningcontinuning lower back might be lower back might be origionatingorigionating.. Will I be medicated before Will I be medicated before this procedure or will I be able to drive myself home?this procedure or will I be able to drive myself home?

I need medical advice.I need medical advice.

I had back surgery over ten years ago I had two disks removed L4I had back surgery over ten years ago I had two disks removed L4 & L5 and & L5 and fused the doctor put in some fused the doctor put in some titaniantitanian screws and plates. screws and plates. Can I get a MRI on Can I get a MRI on throasicthroasic?? Or will the Or will the magenetsmagenets suffer interference from suffer interference from the metal screws and plates in my spine.the metal screws and plates in my spine.

I am I am 13 weeks pregnant13 weeks pregnant and am scheduled to undergo and MRI tomorrow for and am scheduled to undergo and MRI tomorrow for a cyst on the left ovary, possible fibroids, and a "solid mass" a cyst on the left ovary, possible fibroids, and a "solid mass" that is either that is either on the right ovary or adjacent to it which measures 3.8cmx2.7cm.on the right ovary or adjacent to it which measures 3.8cmx2.7cm. Is it safe Is it safe for the baby for me to under go this procedure??for the baby for me to under go this procedure?? Thanks for you time.Thanks for you time.

I wondered if you might be able to help me determine if an MRI wI wondered if you might be able to help me determine if an MRI would be ould be appropriate for me?appropriate for me? I inhaled a stickerI inhaled a sticker that one often finds on fruit these that one often finds on fruit these days, and since it is paper with a slight plastic coating, it dodays, and since it is paper with a slight plastic coating, it does not appear at es not appear at all in the all in the severalseveral xraysxrays I have had.I have had. Is this something that would show up via Is this something that would show up via an MRI? Is it worth a try?an MRI? Is it worth a try? I have been in pain for one year, and would really I have been in pain for one year, and would really like to get this resolved. Thank you so much.like to get this resolved. Thank you so much.

Are these real?Are these real?

dear sir,dear sir,i'mi'm a chemistry student. a chemistry student. i'mi'm in final year of in final year of my my honourshonours degreedegree. . i'mi'm happy happy

to know about u. and to know about u. and i'mi'm interested about interested about nmrnmr chemistry. chemistry. i'mi'm expecting expecting ururhelp. how can i know better about it? bye for today... all the bhelp. how can i know better about it? bye for today... all the best for u...est for u...

Can MRI tell if my friend Can MRI tell if my friend used used ecstasy in the past 24 hrs? in the past 24 hrs?

Hi, I know we never met, my name is Hi, I know we never met, my name is --------. I found your site by surfing online, . I found your site by surfing online, and I was and I was hopeinghopeing if you can tell me what type of problem I am suffering if you can tell me what type of problem I am suffering from, since you are a from, since you are a Ph.DPh.D Doctor. Over the years I Doctor. Over the years I have become depressed, have become depressed, shy, speechless when I'm around peopleshy, speechless when I'm around people, tired and many more. These , tired and many more. These symptonssymptons might be the reason why I have been so isolated from my friendsmight be the reason why I have been so isolated from my friends, , family, and from my life. I am going to college soon and I wish family, and from my life. I am going to college soon and I wish this problem this problem does not continue, so can you help me by giving me some advice. does not continue, so can you help me by giving me some advice. Thank Thank You for your support.You for your support.

Truly sad.Truly sad.

I had to write and tell you what a I had to write and tell you what a phenomenal learning experiencephenomenal learning experience your Web your Web presentation has been for me.presentation has been for me. I am starting to learn about spectroscopy as a I am starting to learn about spectroscopy as a tool in my research into bipolar disorders. Thank you for provitool in my research into bipolar disorders. Thank you for providing this ding this concise, understandable, (and fun) multiconcise, understandable, (and fun) multi--media toolmedia tool. . -----, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, NY Psychiatric Institute, ColumbiaPostdoctoral Research Fellow, NY Psychiatric Institute, Columbia U. U.

I have been animating more and more dynamic processes of NMR imaI have been animating more and more dynamic processes of NMR imaging ging and spectroscopy in the hope of making abstract concepts more coand spectroscopy in the hope of making abstract concepts more concrete ncrete for nonfor non--MR people.MR people. Our MR safety officer, Rob Our MR safety officer, Rob --------, told me about your web , told me about your web site.site. Please accept my compliments on such an Please accept my compliments on such an effective and clear tutorial! effective and clear tutorial!

YOU ARE THE BEST!YOU ARE THE BEST! AFTERAFTER 20 years20 years ofof fillibusteringfillibustering math and science i math and science i have lived to see a comprehensive text design for engineers and have lived to see a comprehensive text design for engineers and scientistscientist for outlining the pathfor outlining the path for further study. for further study. IT IS A DREAM COME IT IS A DREAM COME TRUETRUE THANKS THANKS THANKSTHANKS !!FROM FROM ------ ------ SENIOR ENGINEER ALGIERS DESIGN SENIOR ENGINEER ALGIERS DESIGN

When I’m feeling down ...When I’m feeling down ...

I have had a quick look at the website, I have had a quick look at the website, your software is not only very your software is not only very informative, but also it is beautiful!informative, but also it is beautiful! Thank you very much. Thank you very much.

For some one who is currently struggling with understanding NMR For some one who is currently struggling with understanding NMR and its and its potential for use in her PhD research, thank you for providing apotential for use in her PhD research, thank you for providing an n easy to easy to understand guideunderstand guide (comparative to the dry literature I have (comparative to the dry literature I have assultingassulting myself myself with). with).

When I’m feeling down ...When I’m feeling down ...

hi, I'm a student of Industrial Biotechnologies in Italy, at "hi, I'm a student of Industrial Biotechnologies in Italy, at "UniversitàUniversità didiMilanoMilano BicoccaBicocca". I want to thank u for your work online, ". I want to thank u for your work online, your NMR lessons your NMR lessons are really helping me out with my next examare really helping me out with my next exam Keep up the good work! Keep up the good work! thanks a lot!!! thanks a lot!!!

My name is Dr. My name is Dr. -------- and I am an assistant professor of chemistry at and I am an assistant professor of chemistry at --------University. I came across your website and I wanted to tell you University. I came across your website and I wanted to tell you that it is that it is wonderful! We have a new 300 MHz instrument here and teaching NMwonderful! We have a new 300 MHz instrument here and teaching NMR to R to undergrads can be a challenge. undergrads can be a challenge. Your website is very helpful!Your website is very helpful!

An An extraordinary web site for NMR analphabetsextraordinary web site for NMR analphabets. .

It shows that one can not only be an expert in the subject, but It shows that one can not only be an expert in the subject, but one also has one also has to be creative, imaginative, and able to settle his thoughts belto be creative, imaginative, and able to settle his thoughts below his own ow his own intellectual levels in order to bring knowledge to students. Thaintellectual levels in order to bring knowledge to students. Thanks for your nks for your nice work. nice work.

Cheers, Cheers, Dr Dr --------, MCCPM, McGill University , MCCPM, McGill University

Thank you?Thank you?

I`mI`m a student studying NMR. Your NMR homepage is very useful for mea student studying NMR. Your NMR homepage is very useful for me. So, I . So, I need your help about not need your help about not nuderstandingnuderstanding this problem. In 90MHz 1H NMR this problem. In 90MHz 1H NMR spectrum of /o/spectrum of /o/--dichlorobenzene, the spectrum have the four spin type dichlorobenzene, the spectrum have the four spin type AA`BB`. This structure is symmetry. So, I wonder why A and A` arAA`BB`. This structure is symmetry. So, I wonder why A and A` are not e not equal. equal. PlzPlz. help me, ASAP. help me, ASAP

Hi, I’m lazy.Hi, I’m lazy.

My name is Tyler My name is Tyler --------, I am a graduate student in Physics at the University , I am a graduate student in Physics at the University of of --------, currently in the final stages of the Ph.D., currently in the final stages of the Ph.D. I am enrolled in a course on I am enrolled in a course on experimental physics, and am currently doing an assignment projeexperimental physics, and am currently doing an assignment project on ct on basic NMR techniques. Surfing the web for information led me tobasic NMR techniques. Surfing the web for information led me to your your online webonline web--book. I must say, book. I must say, its impressive, and clearly written its impressive, and clearly written -- a great a great resourceresource! !

I have an additional question that I hope you might be able to hI have an additional question that I hope you might be able to help me with? I elp me with? I could not really find the topic of liquid state NMR discussed incould not really find the topic of liquid state NMR discussed in your webyour web--book. What are some of the experimental differences between solibook. What are some of the experimental differences between solid and d and liquid state NMR? liquid state NMR?

The lost.The lost.

Let me introduce myself, I'm a high school student who is studyiLet me introduce myself, I'm a high school student who is studying physics ng physics from UK and I'm currently working on a from UK and I'm currently working on a reasearchreasearch report on MRI technology. report on MRI technology.

Inside the report, I will be talking about the physics involved Inside the report, I will be talking about the physics involved in MRI and how in MRI and how those physic theory works. Having been to one of your website those physic theory works. Having been to one of your website ------ ""The The Basics of MRIBasics of MRI". I can see the physics inside MRI. However, the information ". I can see the physics inside MRI. However, the information there is pretty complex and hard. Therefore I would like to knowthere is pretty complex and hard. Therefore I would like to know is there any is there any general topic that could general topic that could summarisesummarise it? (e.g. Magnetic Field, Waves...etc) So it? (e.g. Magnetic Field, Waves...etc) So that I could investigate different topics in greater depth with that I could investigate different topics in greater depth with more cross more cross reference. reference.

Could you Could you explain what spin isexplain what spin is? Also, can you tell me the basics of ? Also, can you tell me the basics of how a how a MRI scanner worksMRI scanner works? And after an image is acquired by the MRI scanner, ? And after an image is acquired by the MRI scanner, what types of processingwhat types of processing does the "raw" image undergo? Thanks so much does the "raw" image undergo? Thanks so much for your help and time, for your help and time,

Can you summarize your book for me?Can you summarize your book for me?

How to prevent internal links?How to prevent internal links?

How to get all visitors to come How to get all visitors to come through the front doorthrough the front door??

How to stop copyright infringement and plagiarism ?How to stop copyright infringement and plagiarism ?

Unresolved Design IssuesUnresolved Design Issues

Entry Into the BookEntry Into the Book

~ 90 % ~ 90 % ~ 10 %~ 10 %

http://http://www.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/mri/inside.htmwww.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/mri/inside.htm-- not not -- http://http://www.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/mriwww.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/mri//

Copyright IssuesCopyright Issues““Photo courtesy Photo courtesy NASA”NASA”

“I've inquired within our art department. The link within NASA where the photos were posted when we found them is no longer active. Perhaps someone already informed them on your behalf that they were infringing on your copyright. “

“We found these images on the NASA Web site. They were displayed as being their images and open for use -- so that's how they ended up in our article. According to these reproduction guidelines: http://www.nasa.gov/audience/formedia/features/MP_Photo_Guidelines.html we are allowed to utilize any images that are not listed on their Web site as holding a copyright. I have removed the images from our Web site. “

High contrast © mark.

Low contrast © mark.

““Photo courtesy of Photo courtesy of How Stuff WorksHow Stuff Works””

“I send the following e-mail text when I use an image. I don't often recieve replies, so I have worded it as I have. Given your experience, you might not find this adequate. I don't see any reply from HSW.

I want to use a picture from your website in a college assignment I am giving my students. Below is the website URL for the page, and below that is my page URL. If you would prefer I did not use your photo please contact me, otherwise I will assume that you are granting permission with appropriate credit on the page to you. “

Is this plagiarism?Is this plagiarism?

Is this plagiarism?Is this plagiarism?

Is this?Is this?

Permission PhilosophyPermission Philosophy

~ $ TBN~ $ TBN~ $ TBN~ $ TBN~ $ TBN ~ $ TBN .com.com

~Yes~Yes1,31,3~Yes~Yes1,31,3~Yes~Yes1,31,3..edueduWebWeb

$ TBN$ TBN$100$100//course//course

$100$100//course//course

For ProfitFor Profit

YesYes1,21,2YesYes1,21,2YesYes1,21,2EducationalEducationalCoursesCourses

$ TBN$ TBN$100 $100 //printing//printing

$100$100//printing//printing

Author orAuthor orPublisherPublisher

BooksBooks

YesYes1,21,2YesYes1,21,2YesYes1,21,2ProfessionalProfessional

YesYes1,21,2YesYes1,21,2YesYes1,21,2StudentStudentTalksTalks

Tables, etcTables, etcDiagramsDiagramsImagesImagesRequesterRequesterFormatFormat

1. “Used with permission. ©, author, work, source, year.”Used with permission. ©, author, work, source, year.”2.2. Must not appear on the web or be distributed in electronic formMust not appear on the web or be distributed in electronic form.3. Link to BMRI or BNMR in its own window.

Reflections & Lessons LearnedReflections & Lessons Learned

Many have benefited from the web material.Many have benefited from the web material.

Think twice before posting your eThink twice before posting your e--mail on the web!mail on the web!

© means little to many.© means little to many.

Unless you are publishing a General Unless you are publishing a General ChemChem text, text, consider publishing online.consider publishing online.