Liceo Parroquial San Antonio English Department March 2020 12th Grade Mat

Handout – 12th grade Mat – Unit 1: Applied physics

General Objective 1. Demonstrate comprehension of written texts related to applied physics

Specific objectives 1.1. Reflect about the way in which the student himself/herself reads 1.2. Identify reading strategies to increase and facilitate comprehension 1.3. Apply reading strategies in a text related to the scientific method 1.4. Expand students’ vocabulary through the use of their vocabulary log

Contents Reading strategies Newton’s laws

Teachers 12th grade Mat → Miss Astrid Campos (astrid.campos.i@gmail.com)

❖ General instructions

a) This first unit’s objective is to develop and improve your reading comprehension skills so that you can move forward to the next unit. b) This handout is divided into 4 sections → 1. Metacognition (pre), strategies, reading comp. exercise, metacognition (post) c) Each part has its own instructions and examples (if necessary*) d) If you have any doubts, write a mail to your corresponding teacher. e) Use https://www.wordreference.com/; https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/; https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/ to solve vocabulary doubts. f) Avoid using Google translator for complete sentences. REMEMBER that YOU are the one who should do that mental process.

g) Do your best and take care

I. Reflection – Metacognition: thinking about thinking, about the way you learn.

Instructions → 1) Remember this is a metacognitive exercise. There’s no right or wrong answer. 2) Answer the following questions as honestly as possible.

II. Reading strategies

❖ What is your opinion about reading? ❖ Do you think it is an important skill? Why? Why not?

❖ Do you like reading? Why? Why not? ❖ How much time do you devote to reading? (not only books, it could be posts,

news, magazine articles, etc.) Why? ❖ How easy is to comprehend a text for you?

❖ What do you do when you read? Do you use any strategy for comprehension? ❖ What strategies do you know?

Reading strategies are actions effective readers can take to turn the printed text into meaning and ease its comprehension before, while, and after reading.

There are a lot of and very different strategies you can use. During this unit, we will only cover some of them

Liceo Parroquial San Antonio English Department March 2020 12th Grade Mat

Instructions → In this part, there are 4 reading comprehension strategies. READ through each one of them. LOOK UP every word you don’t know. AVOID TRANSLATING THE WHOLE TEXT.

You get an idea of what the text is about without actually reading the main body. When → Before reading to help you decide whether a book or journal is useful for your purpose; to get a general sense of the article structure, to help you locate relevant information; to help you to identify the sections of the text you may need to read and the sections you can omit. How → start by reading: the title and author details, the abstract (if there is one), read only the main headings and sub headings, examine any illustrations, the first sentence in each paragraph

Brainstorming is a group process for generating questions, ideas, and examples. When → before reading to illustrate, expand, or explore a central idea or topic. How → it involves sharing whatever material comes to mind and recording every idea, without making judgements about the material being generated. It is possible to make a list of ideas or concepts related to the title of the text

It is used to help you organize what you have read by selecting what is important. When → While reading. This strategy teaches you to highlight/underline ONLY the key words, phrases, vocabulary, and ideas that are central to understanding the reading How → Read through the selection first. Reread and begin to highlight main ideas and their supporting details. Highlight only the facts which are important or the key vocabulary not the entire sentence. After, you can create a mind map or a summary.

Previewing and

predicting Brainstorming

Sometimes you won't understand every word in a reading passage. One thing you can do to figure out new words is to use CONTEXT CLUES. When → While reading. The CONTEXT is the words, sentences, and ideas that come before and after a word or phrase. How → When you read a passage, circle any new words that you don't understand. Then, look in the context to find clues--words or phrases that hint at what the new word means. Remember, you don't have to understand every word in a reading! Circle only the new words that are key to understanding the passage

Highlighting and reviewing

Context clues

Liceo Parroquial San Antonio English Department March 2020 12th Grade Mat

III. Reading Comprehension exercise Instructions: Answer the question of the following text applying the strategies previously presented. I. Previewing → Take a look at the text. Just look at it and locate visual information (charts, images, titles,

subtitles) II. Predicting → Make an informed guess of what the text will be about just by taking a look at it. DO NOT

READ the text yet ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ III. Brainstorming → Make a list of ideas that comes to your mind when you read the topic of the text.

Complete the following chart with at least 3 ideas per column

IV. Highlighting → Highlight main ideas / key words of the 4th , 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th paragraph (PARAGRAPHS ARE

NUMBERED). REMEMBER: ONLY KEY INFO. After that, on a separate piece of paper or behind the text, create a SIMPLE mind map in which you connect the key words/info highlighted. V. Context clues → In the text, you’ll find words in bold. Define them with YOUR OWN WORDS, use the

context given to guess the meaning. A definition implies an explanation, not a translation or just a synonym. EXAMPLE: Rest →: State in which a body (thing or person) is not moving at all. 1. BEHAVIOR: ___________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. MOTION: ____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.EXERT:________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________

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Liceo Parroquial San Antonio English Department March 2020 12th Grade Mat

4. ACCURATE: ___________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. IMPART: _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. FARTHER:_____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. FRAME: ______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ **YOU CAN USE THESE WORDS FOR YOUR VOCABULARY LOG** **REMEMBER TO ADD YOUR OWN SAMPLE SENTENCE** (Go to the end of the handout for an explanation of what a vocabulary log is) 8. Think of 2 extra everyday examples of Newton’s 1st law.________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Reflection – Metacognition (post reading) Instructions → Read and answer the following questions. Be as honest as possible. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

❖ What do you think about the text? ❖ What was the easiest strategy to apply? Why?

❖ What was the most difficult strategy to apply? Why? ❖ Which strategy do you think is the most useful and why?

❖ What was your strength when doing this handout? (It can be something related to the language itself, for ex. I comprehend most of it; or it can be

something related to an attitude, for ex. I tried my best, etc) ❖ Assess your performance and attitude during this activity with an

“Excellent”, “Good”, or “Need Improvement”. Explain your reasons.

Liceo Parroquial San Antonio English Department March 2020 12th Grade Mat

Inertia and Mass

1.A body, such as a soccer ball, will remain at rest unless acted upon by an external force.

2.Isaac Newton's First Law of Motion describes the behavior of a massive body at rest or in uniform linear motion, i.e., not accelerating or rotating. The First Law states, "A body at rest will remain at rest, and a body in motion will remain in motion unless it is acted upon by an external force."

3.This simply means that things cannot start, stop or change direction all by themselves. It requires some force to be exerted or acted on them from the outside to cause such a change. While this concept seems simple and obvious to us today, in Newton's time it was truly revolutionary.

4.Newton published his laws of motion in 1687, in his seminal work "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) in which he formalized the description of how massive bodies move under the influence of external forces. Newton expanded upon the earlier work of Galileo Galilei, who developed the first accurate laws of motion for masses, according to Greg Bothun, a physics professor at the University of Oregon. Galileo's experimentsshowed that all bodies accelerate at the same rate regardless of size or mass. Newton also critiqued and expanded on the work of Rene Descartes, who also published a set of laws of nature in 1644, two years after Newton was born. Descartes' laws are very similar to Newton's first law of motion.

5.Back then, most people believed that the natural state of a body was to be at rest. It was obvious that imparting motion to a body at rest required the application of an outside force. However, it was also believed that it required a continuous outside force to keep a body in motion. Based on their experience with everyday objects, this was not an entirely unreasonable conclusion. After all, if your horse stopped pulling, your wagon would stop rolling, and if the wind stopped blowing, your boat would stop moving. People therefore assumed that these objects were simply reverting to their natural rest state. It took a remarkable leap of intuition to realize that there had to be an outside force acting to stop the motions of these objects.

6.Take the case of a flat stone sliding on the smooth surface of a frozen lake. If that stone were a piece of polished marble, it would slide considerably farther than a rough paving stone. It is apparent that the force of friction is greater on the rough paving stone than on the polished marble. However, while the frictional force between the marble and the ice is less than that between the rough stone and the ice, it is still not zero.

7.What would happen, then, if the frictional force were to go to zero? Newton's stroke of genius in this case was to realize that without the presence of an outside force such as friction acting on a body in motion, there was no reason for it to stop.

Liceo Parroquial San Antonio English Department March 2020 12th Grade Mat

Inertial reference frames

8.This property of massive bodies to resist changes in their state of motion is called inertia, and this leads to the concept of inertial reference frames.An inertial reference frame can be described as a 3-dimensional coordinate system that is neither accelerating nor rotating; however, it may be in uniform linear motion with respect to some other inertial reference frame. Newton never explicitly described inertial reference frames, but they are a natural consequence of his First Law of Motion.

9.When we say that a body is in motion, one might ask, in motion compared to what? Could you catch a baseball going 100 mph in your bare hand? You could if you were riding on a train going 100 mph, and someone on that train gently tossed you the ball. The train and the track both exist in their own inertial reference frames, and the speed of the ball depends on the inertial reference frame from which it is viewed. If you were standing on the platform, and a passenger on that train tossed the ball out the window to you, it would not be wise to attempt to catch it in your bare hand.

Everyday applications

10.Have you ever experienced inertia (resisting changes in

your state of motion) in an automobile while it is braking to a

stop? The force of the road on the locked wheels provides the

unbalanced force to change the car's state of motion, yet there

is no unbalanced force to change your own state of motion.

11. Thus, you continue in motion, sliding along the seat in

forward motion. A person in motion stays in motion with the

same speed and in the same direction ... unless acted upon by

the unbalanced force of a seat belt. Yes! Seat belts are used to

provide safety for passengers whose motion is governed by

Newton's laws. The seat belt provides the unbalanced force that brings you from a state of motion to a state

of rest. Perhaps you could speculate what would occur when no seat belt is used. There are many more

applications of Newton's first law of motion.

Vocabulary log

What is it? → A record of vocabulary words, mainly the ones that are unknown to you. If you happen to know all of them, you can record the one you find more useful. How can you do it? → At the end of your English notebook or on a separate mini notebook, you write down the vocabulary word, the word category, a definition in English for it (from a dictionary), and a sample sentence written by you (DO NOT COPY THE SENTENCE FROM ANY DICTIONARY). Example → Teacher (word) Noun (category) Person who teaches something or a specific discipline to other people, most likely students. (definition) Being a teacher is a challenging but rewarding occupation (sample sentence created by me) If → you want to add synonyms, antonyms, translations, that’s up to you. But the aspects that I explained above are compulsory. The design, colors, shape, fond of your vocabulary log is up to you, too. You decide how you want to do it. Take advantage of the time we have now in quarantine to start it. REMEMBER THAT THE WORDS MUST BE TAKEN FROM TEXTS WE WORK IN THIS CLASS (ELECTIVE MATHS).