Refi ning & Chemicals - 2014 Gas... · Hydrate formation inhibition by injection of inhibitors: MeOH, MEG, DEG, ... single-phase or multiphase export pipes ... CORROSION PROCESS CONTROL

60 www.ifptraining.com Refi ning & Chemicals - 2014

61www.ifptraining.com

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Refi ning & Chemicals - 2014

Natural Gasp. 63 to 68



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PURPOSETo provide knowledge of the techniques involved in natural gas production, processing and transport as well as its valorization.

AUDIENCEAnyone looking for technical information on natural gas chain from upstream to downstream, excluding distribution.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES• To describe natural gas characteristics,

the principle of gas production and the on fi eld processing operations.

• To explain the transport and storage techniques and their specifi c constraints.

• To list the natural gas end-uses.• To give the main economic factors

of the natural gas chain.

WAYS AND MEANS• Interactive teaching by

experienced lecturers.• Several applications and illustrations

(videos, samples, tools...).

Natural Gas

ENGLISH: PROD / NATGASFRENCH: PROD / GAZNAT

Natural GasProduction - Treatments - Transport - End UsesTo acquire an overview of the entire Gas chain from reservoir to end users

AGENDA

NATURAL GAS: TYPES AND PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES 0.75 dTypes and characteristics of natural gas fi elds - Production techniques.Different types of natural gases (condensate, wet or dry gas) and characterization parameters.Constitution of natural gas well effl uent, properties and specifi c hazards.Case of associated gases: recovery techniques, characteristics, composition...

END USES OF NATURAL GAS - MAIN QUALITY REQUIREMENTS 0.25 dEnd uses of natural gases: fuel (domestic and industrial uses), conversion into other energy types (electricity production and cogeneration), automotive fuel (Natural Gas for Vehicles - NGV and conversion into liquid automotive fuels GTL), chemical valorization...Quality requirements for commercial natural gases and associated products (ethane, LPG, condensates) - Examples of quality standards.

NATURAL GAS PROCESSING 2 dGas dehydration (drying) and Hydrate formation inhibition

System behavior - Moisture content of a saturated gasApplications: moisture content of different gases of various compositionsHydrate formation inhibition by injection of inhibitors: MeOH, MEG, DEG, LDHI...Gas dehydration: TEG units, Molecular Sieves...Application: summary design of TEG unit.

Gas sweetening: removal of acid components (H2S and/or CO

2)

Different techniques applicable for gas sweetening:• Chemical solvent processes - Amine units (MEA, DEA, DGA, MDEA...)• Physical solvent processes• Hybrid (physico-chemical) solvent processes• Overview of other techniques.Conversion of H

2S: sulfur production (CLAUS process) and tail gas processing.

Application: summary design of an amine unit.Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) extraction (removal of heavy components)

External refrigeration loopJoule-Thomson expansionTurbo-Expander.Application: calculation of cryogenic loop used for NGL extraction.

Examples of gas fi eld development schemesGas fi elds development options: onshore or offshore processing, single-phase or multiphase export pipes (sea lines), “Wet” or “Dry” developmentOther treatments: mercury removal, conversion or adsorption of mercaptans (RSH)...

TRANSPORT OF NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID PHASE - LNG OPTION 1 dLiquefaction processes: principle, typical operating conditions, technology.LNG tanks: Single or Double or Full Containment (self standing, membrane) - Hazards.LNG transport: LNG carriers (MOSS spheres, Membrane...), export and receiving terminals.LNG regasifi cation at the receiving terminals, options for refrigeration duty recovery.

TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF NATURAL GAS IN GAS PHASE 0.5 dGas pipes: technology, capacities, equipment, recompression units, operating conditions...Underground storage (old reservoirs, aquifers, salt domes...) - Required treatments at outlet.

NATURAL GAS ECONOMICS 0.5 dResources, production and markets.Natural Gas marketing: competition of other energy sources and consequences on gas contracts (prices and duration), cost of transport and its impact on the structure of the gas chain.Future of the Natural Gas.

COORDINATORChristian Foussard

5 DAYS

LANGUAGE DATES LOCATION FEES REGISTRATION CONTACT

EN Jun 30 - Jul 04 Rueil 2,970 € EXP Rueil [email protected]

EN Nov 17 - 21 Rueil 2,970 € EXP Rueil [email protected]

May be organized for a single company


PURPOSETo provide technical and economical knowledge of the LNG industry.

AUDIENCEAnyone interested in the whole Liquefi ed Natural Gas (LNG) chain: technical and managerial staff working in the LNG chain, equipment providers, personnel from engineering companies...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES• To draw a typical LNG chain, list

the location and specifi cities of the main LNG plants worldwide.

• To detail the main physical properties and specifi cities of LNG.

• To list the hazards and HSE aspects specifi c to the LNG installations, as well as the main mitigation and prevention techniques.

• To give the operating principle and conditions of the main liquefaction processes, as well as their particular constraints.

• To describe the technology of specifi c equipment used for LNG industry.

• To list the main LNG contracts and the LNG markets.




Natural Gas

ENGLISH: PROD / LNGFRENCH: PROD / GNL

Liquefi ed Natural Gas (LNG)Hazards - Technology - Operation - EconomicsTo acquire a comprehensive technical knowledge of the whole LNG chain

AGENDA

THE LNG WORLD 0.5 dThe LNG Chain - Order of magnitude and trends - Location of main plants worldwide.Base load LNG plants - Peak shaving LNG plants - Small LNG plants for LNG fueled vehicles.Receiving terminals - Regasifi cation techniques - Satellite regasifi cation techniques.

LNG SPECIFIC PROPERTIES AND ASSOCIATED HAZARDS 0.5 dPhysical properties: Liquid-Vapor equilibrium, density, ratio of vapor methane / LNG, heat of vaporization, heat of combustion...Safety aspects: Flash Point, Fire Point, Auto-ignition Point, Minimum Spark Energy, Flammability Limits, Defl agration, LNG Vaporization, Rapid Phase Transition (RPT), Radiation levels, Stratifi cation / Roll-over, Sloshing, LNG clouds ignition, Asphyxiation risks, Cryogenic liquids jets, Piping behavior.

LNG HAZARD PREVENTION AND MITIGATION MEASURES 0.5 dLNG spillage control at Design stage and in Operation.LNG clouds control in operation.LNG fi res control at Design stage and in Operation.

LIQUEFACTION AND REGASIFICATION PROCESSES 0.75 dFeed pretreatment: sweetening, dehydration, NGL extraction, Hg and aromatics removal.Different liquefaction processes: Pure Component Refrigerants, Pure component(s) and Mixed Refrigerant(s), Mixed Refrigerants.Peak Shaving simplifi ed scheme.Regasifi cation process.

LNG STORAGE, LOADING / OFFLOADING AND TRANSPORT 0.75 dLNG tanks: Single or Double or Full Containment (self standing, membrane) - Hazards.Jetty head, Jetty trestle, harbor.LNG Carriers: common features, technology, cargo operations, safety systems.

TECHNOLOGY OF LNG SPECIFIC EQUIPMENT 1 dLNG cryogenic heat exchangers: Spiral Wound Heat Exchangers, Aluminum Brazed Heat Exchangers.Technology of the Cryogenic Compressors and their drivers (Gas Turbines).LNG Vaporizers: Open Rack Vaporizers (ORV), Submerged Combustion Vaporizers (SCV)... - Safety and Environmental aspects.Submerged LNG pumps: in-tank retractable pumps, cargo pumps, HP canned send out pumps...Liquid cryogenic turbo-expanders, Cryogenic valves.Cryogenic personnel protection items.

LNG PLANT OPERATION 0.25 dDay to day activities in an LNG plant - Experience of some plants.

LNG TRENDS - RESEARCH AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS 0.25 dLNG trends since the 70’s - Equipment and concept development - Future...

LNG ECONOMIC ASPECTS 0.5 dGas markets: natural gas reserves and production, worldwide gas demands distribution, international natural gas trade.LNG contracts: specifi cities of LNG contracts, pricing, shipping contracts.LNG markets trends.



EN Mar 10 - 14 Rueil 3,890 € EXP Rueil [email protected]



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PURPOSEProvide technical information concerning the different types of Natural Gas Storage.

AUDIENCEAny person who would like to acquire technical information concerning Natural Gas Storage.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES• To detail the characteristics of Natural

gas storages, their development, and constraints linked with their operation.

• To describe the gas storage equipment specifi cities: wells, manifolds, compression, auxiliary equipment, etc.

• To explain the techniques used to treat the gas extracted from the storage, in order to conform to specifi cations.

• To list the main economical aspects relative to natural gas storage, and access of third parts.




Natural Gas

ENGLISH: PROD / STOCKGBFRENCH: PROD / STOCKFR

Natural Gas StorageTypes - Technology - Operation - EconomicsTo have an overview of the techniques used for Natural Gas Storage, and the related

economical aspects

AGENDA

NATURAL GAS AS A STORABLE ENERGY 0.25 dWhy to store natural gas? Needs expressed by suppliers, administration and network

operators.

How? Summary presentation of the different storage systems: depleted reservoirs,

aquifers, salt domes, LNG storage tanks...

Where? History of underground gas storage, Storage sites in Europe and worldwide.

Maps and tables by types of storage, per country and stored volumes.

Gas storage and his environment: noise, exhaust, surface footprints, landscape

integration, local taxes, workforce.

STORAGE TYPES 0.5 dFluid fl ow in porous media. Reservoir modeling.

Depleted reservoirs, Aquifers, Salt domes, LNG storage tanks.

For each type of storage, presentation of development conditions, geological and

structural characteristics and their specifi cities, the inherent hazards, the operational

constraint, the repartition of sites throughout the world...

STORAGE EQUIPMENT 0.25 dWells: drilling specifi cities, downhole and surface equipment.

Gathering network.

Gas compression: why, when and how?

Extracted gas treatment: dehydration, sweetening, odorization.

Auxiliary equipment: manifolds, instrumentation and control system, safety, treatment

of effl uents.

Metering: primary meter, correctors, data processing.

COMPRESSION 0.25 dCharacteristics of compressors specifi c to natural gas storage sites: compression ratio,

runtime frequency, environment related issues (exhaust gases, noise…), power types.

Types of compressor units: driver type (engine, electrical motor, gas turbine…),

reciprocating or centrifugal compressor…

Comparison between gas turbine and motor drivers, fuel gas and electricity power…

GAS TREATMENT 0.25 dAt the wellhead: hydrate prevention by heating or methanol injection.

In the station: dehydration, sweetening, odorization.

For each treatment, presentation of the target, the risks, the regulation aspects, treatment

techniques, common processes used for gas treatment and product regeneration,

effl uent treatment.

ECONOMICAL ASPECT OF GAS STORAGE 0.5 dLife cycle for a gas storage site.

Estimated values for CAPEX and OPEX for each storage type.

Pricing of access of third parties to storage facilities in France: analysis of the price

breakdown, taking into account constraints and specifi cities of the storage.

Simulation of cost price per kWh, stored or delivered, for common site confi gurations.


2 DAYS





PURPOSETo provide a technical knowledge concerning natural gas transportation by pipeline.

AUDIENCEAny person who would like to acquire technical information concerning Natural Gas transportation by pipeline, particularly those who supply products and services to the natural gas transporter, for a better understanding of the framework of their customer requests.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES• To situate the main gas transport

networks worldwide, as well as the existing (and planned) ones in Europe.

• To explain the design rules of sales gas transport pipe: transport by pipeline versus naval transportation, routing selection, material and size selection. Positioning and design of compression stations...

• To explain the organization and management of pipe laying works, constraints, planning, applied techniques.

• To explain the operation of a gas transportation network: maintenance and daily operations, regulations.

• To detail the main economical aspects of natural gas transportation, and the conditions for the access of third parties.




Natural Gas

ENGLISH: PROD / TRANSGBFRENCH: PROD / TRANSFR

Natural Gas Transport by PipelineTechnology - Operation - EconomicsTo have a technical and economical information on the Gas transport by pipeline

AGENDA

INTRODUCTION TO NATURAL GAS 0.25 dFrom reservoir to end user.

Chemical composition and properties of natural gas. Comparison to other combustible

gases.

World reserves.

Panorama of offer, demand and movements.

TRANSPORT NETWORK 0.25 dOverview of networks worldwide, in Europe and particularly in France.

Perspectives of the development of European network.

Interaction with the other blocks of the natural gas chain: storage, LNG terminals,

compression stations, network interconnections, delivery to the client.

Economical and technical comparison between transport by pipeline and LNG carriers.

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A GAS PIPE 0.5 dDesign standards: pressure, length, volume, diameter.

Fundamentals of metallurgy welding techniques, and coating materials.

Pipe laying

Different steps of pipe laying operations

Cost and duration of pipe laying, and compression station construction.

COMPRESSION 0.25 dCharacteristics of compressors: compression ratio, run-time frequency, environment

related issues (exhaust gases, noise...), power types.

Types of compressor units: driver type (engine, electrical motor, gas turbine...),

reciprocating or centrifugal compressor.

Comparison between gas turbine and motor drivers, fuel gas and electricity power.

OPERATION OF A NETWORK 0.5 dMaintenance, monitoring and technical management, risk prevention, safety regulations

(law of August 4, 2006), cathodic protection, equipment maintenance, monitoring and

controls, metering

Network operation management: planning, execution, allocations and accounts

ECONOMICAL ASPECTS OF GAS TRANSPORT BY PIPELINE 0.25 dInvestment costs (CAPEX).

Life time of a gas pipe.

Operation costs (OPEX).

Pricing for access of third parties to the gas transport network in France: analysis of the

price breakdown.

Simulations of cost price per kWh delivered, for some typical cases.





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PURPOSETo provide technical and economic information regarding the various options for valorizing gas.

AUDIENCEProfessionals interested in technical information about the different ways to valorize gas.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES• To grasp the essence of gas

markets, including natural gas and syngas (CO + H

2).

• To be aware of the importance of syngas: production modes and valorization channels.

• To learn about the various technologies and their conditions of implementation.

• To learn about the latest projects under consideration.

WAYS AND MEANSIndustry experts share their views of current developments.

Natural Gas

ENGLISH: RPC / SYNGAS-E

Gas ValorizationProduction and Utilization of Syngas

AGENDA

MARKETS FOR NATURAL GAS AND SYNGAS 0.5 dNatural gas reserves, conventional or non-conventional, and production; associated gas.

Consumption and utilization of natural gas worldwide.

Different ways for gas transportation: pipelines, LNG, electrical energy, …

Nature, composition and potential markets for syngas.

VALORIZATION OF NATURAL GAS AND ALTERNATE SOURCES OF GAS 1 dValorization of natural gas: as fuel (domestic or industrial uses), generation of other

energy types (electrical, cogeneration), car-fuel (CNG, GTL), chemical valorization.

Quality specifi cations for commercial natural gas and associated products (ethane,

LPG’s, condensates). Examples.

Different modes of syngas production: steam reforming, partial oxidation (POx),

autothermal reforming.

Gas production from biomass or coal: advantages, yields, constraints. Example of a

biorefi nery.

SYNGAS VALORIZATION 1 dElectrical energy production, steam and hydrogen for refi ning industry: IGCC (Integrated

Gasifi cation Combined Cycle).

Maximization of hydrogen production in the refi neries through the shift reaction.

Chemical synthesis: production of alcohol like Methanol, Ammonia and other chemical

compounds.

GTL Complex (Gas-To-Liquid): production of liquid hydrocarbons from gas through

Fischer Tropsch reaction.

ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF GAS VALORIZATION 0.5 dInvestment (Capex), operating costs (Opex), costs for raw materials.

Marketing advantages, environment issues.

Example: comparison of GTL with LNG.

Strategies of different actors: production countries of natural gas, licensers, oil or gas

trusts, engineering companies.

COORDINATORMohamed Skhiri

3 DAYS


EN Nov 25 - 27 Rueil 1,650 € RRU [email protected]


PURPOSETo provide technical and economic information regarding GTL processes.

AUDIENCEManagers and engineers interested in the current developments of GTL technologies.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES• To grasp the essence of

natural gas markets.• To review current GTL projects.• To comprehend technology and economics

of various GTL conversion units.• To have the latest update

on current projects.

Natural Gas

ENGLISH: RPC / GTL-E

Gas-To-Liquids Technologies

AGENDA

NATURAL GAS MARKETS 0.5 dProduction and consumption of natural gas in the world.

Main uses of natural gas.

Existing and potential routes for gas: pipelines, LNG, electrical power.

Natural gas reserves, associated gas: potential markets for GTL.

GTL TECHNOLOGIES 1.25 dOverview of full GTL production chain: synthesis gas, Fisher-Tropsch reaction, fi nishing.

Products quality from conventional versus GTL technologies.

Different processes for synthesis gas manufacturing and their reactions, catalysts,

process schemes, past uses (methanol, ...):

• steam reforming

• partial oxidation (POX)

• auto-thermal reforming

Projects in the frame of GTL production.

Fischer-Tropsch manufacturing processes: reactions, catalysts and process schemes.

Existing units for Fischer-Tropsch and projects in the frame of GTL production.

Finishing processes for products upgrading, oligomerization and hydrocracking

downstream Fischer-Tropsch units: reactions, catalysts and process schemes.

Existing units and projects in the frame of GTL production.

GTL ECONOMICS 0.25 dInvestments, operating costs: CAPEX, OPEX, costs for natural gas.

Marketing advantages, environmental incentives.

Economic advantages/disadvantages of GTL versus LNG.

Strategies of the different actors (producing countries of natural gas, process licensors,

oil and gas companies, engineering companies).

COORDINATORCarole Le Mirronet

In-house course

2 DAYS


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Documents

Refi ning & Chemicals - 2014 Gas... · Hydrate formation inhibition by injection of inhibitors: MeOH, MEG, DEG, ... single-phase or multiphase export pipes ... CORROSION PROCESS CONTROL