REFERENCES - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/22413/19/19... · References 181 Banh, Q ... Shochet, O. and Tenebaum, A. (1995). Cooperative formation of chiral

REFERENCES

REFERENCES

Alben J. O. and Fiamingo F.G. (1984). Fourier Transform Infrared

Spectroscopy. In: Rousseau (ed.) Optical techniques in Biological

Research. Acadamic, Orlando : 133-179.

Alexander, A. (1981). Biodegradation: Problems of molecular

recalcitrance and microbial fallibility. Advances in Applied

Microbiology 7: 35-80.

Alvarez, H. M. (2003): Relationship between β-oxidation pathway and the

hydrocarbon-degrading profile in actinomycete bacteria.

International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 52(1): 35-42.

Alverez, H. M., Mayer, F., Fabritius, D. and Steinbuchel, A. (1996).

Formation of intracytoplasmic lipid inclusion by Rhodocoocus

opacus PD630. Archieves of Microbiology 165: 377-386.

APHA (1995). Standard methods 19th edition. American Public Health

Association, Washington, DC.

Arenskötter, M., Baumeister, D., Berekaa, M. M., Pötter, G.,

Kroppenstedt, R. M., Linos, A. and Steinbüchel, A. (2001).

Taxonomic characterization of two rubber degrading bacteria

belonging to the species Gordonia polyisoprenivorans and

analysis of hypervariable regions of 16S rDNA sequences. FEMS

Microbiology Letters 205: 277-282.

Arenskotter, M., Broker, D., and Steinbuchel, A. (2004). Biology of the

metabolically diverse genus Gordonia. Applied and Environmental


180

Atlas, R. M. (1981). Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons: an

environmental perspective. Microbiological Reviews 45(1): 180–

209.

Atlas, R. M. (1988). Microbiology-Fundamentals and applications 2nd ed.,

Macmilan publishing Co. New York 352.

Atlas, R. M. and Bartha, R. (1972). Biodegradation of petroleum in

seawater at low temperatures. Canadian Journal of Microbiology

18(12) :1851–1855.

Atlas, R. M. and Bartha, R. (1998). Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals and

applications. 4th Edition. Benjamin and Cummings Science publishing,

California.

Azizian, M. F. and Nelson, P. O. (2003). Environmental impact of

highway construction and repair materials on surface and ground

waters. Case study: Crumb rubber asphalt concentrate. Waste

management 23 (8): 719-728

Bachmann, S. I. and McCarthy, A. J. (1991). Purification and cooperation

activity of enzymes constituting the xylan degrading system of

Thermomonospora fusca. Applied and Environmental


Ball, A. S. and Mc. Carthy, A. J. (1988). Saccharification of straw by

actinomycete enzymes. Journal of General Microbiology 55:

1642-1644.

Banat (1995). Biosurfactant production and possible uses in microbial

enhanced oil recovery and oil pollution remediation- a review.

Bioresource Technology 51:1-2.

References 181

Banh, Q., Arenskotter, M. and Steinbuchel, A. (2005). Establishment of

Tn 5096 based transposon mutagenesis in Gordonia

polyisoprenivorens. Applied and Environmental Microbiology

71(9): 5077-5084.

Barkay, T., Navon-Venezia, S., Ron, E. R. and Rosenberg, E. (1999).

Enhancement of solubilization and biodegradation of poly

aromatic hydrocarbons by the bi emulsifier Alasan. Applied and

Environmental Microbiology 65: 2697-2702.

Bartha, R. and Atlas, R. M. (1987). Transport and transformations of

petroleum: biological process. In. Boesch, D. F. and Rabalais, N.

N. (ed.) Long term environmental effects of offshore oil and gas

development. Taylor & Francis : 287-342.

Bartha, R. and Atlas, R. M. (1987). Transport and transformations of

petroleum: Biological process. In: Boesch, D. F. and Nancy N.

Rabalais, N. N. (ed.) Long-term Environmental Effects of

Offshore Oil and Gas Development. Taylor & Francis: 287-

342.

Bees, M. A., Andresen, A., Mosekilde, E. and Givskov, M. (2000). The

interaction of thin-film flow, bacterial swarming and cell

differentiation in colonies of Serratia liquiefaciens. Journal of

Mathematical Biology 40: 27-63.

Belhateche, D. H. (1995). Choose appropriate waste water treatment

technologies. Chemical Engineering Progress 91: 32-51.

Bell, G. H. (1973). Solubilities of normal, aliphatic acids, alcohols, and

alkanes in water. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 10:1-10.

182

Ben-Jacob, E., Cohen, I., Shochet, O. and Tenebaum, A. (1995).

Cooperative formation of chiral patterns during growth of bacterial

colonies. Physical Review Letters 75(15): 2899-2902.

Ben-Jacob, E., Shochet, O., Tenebaum, A., Cohen, I., Czirok, A. and

Vicsek, T. (1994). Generic modelling of cooperative growth

patterns in bacterial colonies. Nature 368: 46-49.

Berekaa, M. M. and Steinbuchel, A. (2000). Microbial degradation of the

multiply branched alkane 2, 6, 10, 15, 19, 23-

hexamethyltetracosane (squalane) by Mycobacterium fortuitum

and Mycobacterium ratisbonense. Applied and Environmental

Microbiology 66(10): 4462-4467.

Berekaa, M. M., Barakaat, A., El- Sayed, S. M. and El- Assar, S. A.

(2005). Degradation of natural rubber by Achromobacter sp. NRB

and evaluation of culture conditions Polish journal of Microbiology

54(1): 55-62.

Berekaa, M. M., Linos, A., Reichelt, R., Keller, U. and Steinbuchel, A.

(2000). Effect of pretreatment of rubber material on its

biodegradability by various rubber degrading bacteria. FEMS

Microbiology Letters 184:199-206.

Blumer, M. (1976). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in nature. Scientific

American 234: 35-45.

Bode, H. B., Kerkhoff, K. and Jendrossek, D. (2001). Bacterial

degradation of natural and synthetic rubber. Biomacromolecules

2: 295-303.

Bode, H.B., Zeeck, A., Pluckhahn, K. and Jendrossek, D. (2000).

Physiological and chemical investigations into microbial

References 183

degradation of synthetic poly (cis-1,4-isoprene). Applied and

Environmental Microbiology 66(9): 3680-3685.

Boethling, R. S. and Alexander, M. (1979). Effect of Concentration of

Organic Chemicals on their Biodegradation by Natural Microbial

Communities. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 37(6):

1211–1216.

Bojra, R., Banks, C. J. and Garrido, A. (1994). Kinetics of black olive waste

water treatment by the activated sludge system. Process

Biochemistry, 29: 587-593.

Borel, M., Kergomard, A. and Renrd, M. F. (1982). Degradation of natural

rubber by fungi imperfecti. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry

46(4): 877-881.

Bossert, I. and Bartha, R. (1984). The fate of petroleum in soil

ecosystems. In. Atlas R. M. (ed.), Petroleum microbiology.

Macmillan Publishing Co., New York : 434-476.

Braaz, R, Armbruster, W. and Jendrossek, D. (2005). Heme dependent

rubber oxygenase RoxA of Xanthomonas sp. cleaves the

backbone of poly(cis-1,4-Isoprene) by a dioxygenase mechanism.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 71: 2473-2478.

Braaz, R., Fischer, P. and Jendrossek, D. (2004). Novel type of heme-

dependent oxygenase catalyzes oxidative cleavage of rubber

(poly-cis-1,4-isoprene). Applied and Environmental Microbiology

70: 7388-7395.

Bredberg, K. Andersson, B. E. Landfors, E. and Holst, O. (2002).

Microbial detoxification of waste rubber material by wood rotting

fungi. Bioresource Technology 83: 221-224

184

Bredberg, K., Christiansson, M., Bellander, M., Stenberg, B., and Holst,

O. (2001). Properties of rubber materials containing recycled

microbially devulcanized cryo-ground tire rubber. Progress in

Rubber and Plastics Technology 17(3): 149-161.

Britton, L. N. (1984). Microbial degradation of aliphatic hydrocarbons. In.

Gibson, D. T. (ed.), Microbial degradation of organic compounds.

Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York : 89-129.

Bröker, D., Arenskötter, M., Legatzki, A., Nies, D. H. and Steinbüchel, A.

(2004). Characterization of the 101-kilobase-pair megaplasmid

pKB1, isolated from the rubber-degrading bacterium Gordonia

westfalica Kb1. Journal of Bacteriology 186: 212-225.

Buchanan, R. G and Gibbons, N. E. (ed.) (1974). Bergey’s manual of

determinative bacteriology. 8th edition. The Williams and Williams

Co., Baltimore.

Buhler*, M. and Schindler, J. (1984). Aliphatic hydrocarbons. In Rehm, H.

and Reed, G. (ed.) Biotechnology. Verlag Chemie Weiheim,

Germany : 329-385.

Burns, R. G. and Dick, R. P. (ed.) (2002). In. Enzymes in the

Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications. CRC Press,

U.S.A.: 462-465.

Caldwell, D. E., Wolfaardt, G. M., Korber, D. R. and Lawrence, J. R.

(1997). Do bacterial communities transcend Darwinism?

Advances in Microbial Ecology 15:105-191.

Cantwell, S. G., Lau, E. P., Watt, D. S. and Fall, R. R. (1978).

Biodegradation of acyclic isoprenoids by Pseudomonas species.

Journal of Bacteriology 135(2): 324-333.

References 185

Cerniglia, C. E. (1984). Microbial transformation of aromatic

hydrocarbons. In. Atlas, R. M. (ed), Petroleum microbiology.

Macmillan Publishing Co., New York: 99-128.

Cerniglia, C. E. (1992). Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic

hydrocarbons. Biodegradation 3: 351-368.

Chapman, A. V. and Porter, M. (1988). In. Natural Rubber Science and

technology. Roberts A. D. (ed.) Oxford University Press. Oxford.

511-620.

Chen, H. J., Guo, G. L., Tseng, D. H., Cheng, C. L. and Huang, S. L.

(2006). Growth factors, kinetics and biodegradation mechanism

associated with Pseudomonas nitroreducens TX 1 grown on

octylphenol polyethoxylates. Journal of Environmental

Management 80: 279-286.

Chin, P. S., Chang, W. P., Lau, C. M. and Pong, K. S. (1974).

Deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR). Proceedings of the rubber

research Institute of Malaysia, Planters’ Conference, Kuala

Lampur, Malaysia: 252-262.

Chuphal, Y., Kumar, V. and Thakur, I. S. (2005). Biodegradation and

decolorization of pulp and paper mill effluent by anaerobic and

aerobic microorganisms in a sequential bioreactor. World Journal

of Microbiology and Biotechnology 21 (8-9): 1439-1445.

Churchill, S. A., Harper, J. P. and Churchill, P. F. (1999). Isolation and

characterization of a Mycobacterium species capable of

degrading three and four-ring aromatic and aliphatic

hydrocarbons. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65(2):

549-552.

186

Clayton, G. and Clayton, F. (ed.) (1981). In. Patty’s Industrial Hygeine

and Toxicology vol. 2B, Newyork : 3645-3669

Clements, W. H., Oris, J. T. and Wissing, T. E. (1994). Accumulation and

food chain transfer of fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene in

Chironomus riparius and Lepomis macrochirus. Archieves of

Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 26: 261-266.

Cockerham, L. G. and Shane, B. S. (1994). Basic environmental

Toxicology. CRC Press, Inc., USA.

Cundell*, A. M. and Mulcock, A. P. (1973). Microbiological deterioration

of vulcanized rubber. Material and Organismen 8: 165-177.

Cundell, A. M. and Mulcock, A. P. (1975). The biodeterioration of rubber

pipe joint rings in sewer mains. Proceedings of the Third

International Biodegradation Symposium. London Applied sience

Publishers limited : 659.

Curds, C. R., Cockburn, A. and Vandike, J. M. (1968). An Experimental

Study of the Role of the Ciliated Protozoa in the Activated-Sludge

Process. Water Pollution Control 67: 312-329.

De wever, H., Besse, P. and Verachtert, H. (2001). Microbial

transformations of 2-substituted benzathizoles. Applied

Microbiology and Biotechnology. 57 (5-6) : 620-625.

Demanèche, S., Meyer, C. Micoud, J., Louwagie, M., Willison, J.

C. and Jouanneau, Y. (2004). Identification and functional

analysis of two aromatic-ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases from a

Sphingomonas strain that degrades various polycyclic aromatic

hydrocarbons. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70(11):

6714-6725.

References 187

Desai, J. D. and Banat, I. M. (1997). Microbial production of surfactants

and their commercial application. Microbiology and Molecular

Biology Reviews 61(1): 47-74.

Dibble, J. T. and Bartha, R. (1979). Effect of environmental parameters

on the biodegradation of oil sludge. Applied and Environmental

Microbiology. 37(4): 729–739.

Dio, Y. (ed.) (1990). Microbial Polyesters. VCH publishers, New York.

Dott, W., Feidieker, D., Steiof, M., Becker, P. M. and Kampfer, P. (1995).

Comparison of ex situ and in situ techniques for bioremediation of

hydrocarbon-polluted soils. International Biodeterioration and

Biodegradation 35 (1-3): 301-316.

Efroymson, R. A. and Alexander, M. (1991). Biodegradation by an

Arthrobacter species of hydrocarbons partitioned in to an organic

solvent. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 57: 1441-1447.

Enoki, M., Doi, Y. and Iwata, T. (2003). Oxidative degradation of cis- and

trans-1,4-polyisoprenes and vulcanized natural rubber with

enzyme-mediator systems. Biomacromolecules 4: 314-320.

Fetzner, S. (2002). Oxygenases without requirement for cofactors or

metal ions. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 60: 243-

257.

Fewson, C.A. (1988). Biodegradation of xenobiotics and other persistent

chemicals: causes of recalcitrance. Trends in Biotechnology 6:

145-153.

Fiechter, A. (1992). Biosurfactants: moving towards industrial application.

Trends in Food Science and Technology 3: 286-293.

188

Furumai, H., Kurisu, F., Katayama, H. (ed.) (2007). In. Southeast Asian

Water Environment 2 IWA publishing : 266

George, C. J., Benett, G. F., Simoneoux, D. K. and George, W. J. (1988).

Polychlorinated biphenyls: a toxicological review. Journal of

Hazardous materials 18: 133-144.

Gerardi M. H. (1995). Wastewater Biology: The Microlife, A Special

Publication, Water Environment Federation, 2nd edition,

Alexandria, Virginia.

Gerkhe, T., Telegdi, J., Thierry, D. and Sand, W. (1998). Importance of

extracellular polymeric substances from Thiobacillus ferrooxidants

for bioleaching. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64:

2743-2747.

Gibbs, C. F., Pugh, K. B. and Andrews, A. R. (1975). Quantitative studies

on marine biodegradation of oil. II. Effect of temperature.

Proceedings of the Royal Society London B: Biological Sciences

188: 83–94.

Gidrol, X., Chrestin, H., Tan, H. L., and Kush, A. (1994). Hevein, a lectin-

like protein from Hevea brasiliensis (Rubber Tree) is involved in

the coagulation of latex. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 269

(12): 9278-9283.

Giordani, R., Regli, P. and Bue, J. (2002). Antifungal effect of Hevea

brasiliensis latex with various fungi. Its synergistic action with

amphotericin B against Candida albicans. Mycoses 45 (11-12):

476-481.

Gomez, J. B., and Moir, G. F. J. (1979). The ultracytology of latex vessels

in Hevea brasiliensis. Malaysian Rubber Research and

Development Board. Monogr. Kuala Lumpur 4:1-11.

References 189

Gómez-Gil, L., Kumar, P., Barriault, D., Bolin, J. T., Sylvestre, M. and

Eltis, L. D. (2007). Characterization of Biphenyl Dioxygenase of

Pandoraea pnomenusa B-356 as a Potent Polychlorinated

Biphenyl-Degrading Enzyme. Journal of Bacteriology 189 (15):

5705-5715.

Gonazalez, J. F. (ed.) (1996). Waste water treatment in fisheries, FAO.

Fisheries technical paper, FAO of united nations, Rome.

Gu Ji- D (2003). Microbial deterioration and degradation of synthetic

polymeric materials: Recent research advances. International

Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 52: 69-91.

Gu, J. and Mitchell, R. (2001). Biodeterioration. In. Dworkin, M. Falkow,

S. Rosenberg, E., Schleifer, K. and Stackebrandt, E. (eds) The

Prokaryotes: An Evolving Electronic Resource for the

Microbiological Community. (3rd ed.) Springer-Verlag, New York

Gu, J., Ford, T. E., Mitton, D. B. and Mitchell, R. (2000). Microbial

degradation and deterioration of polymeric materials. In. Revie, R.

W. (ed.) The Uhlig’s Corrosion Handbook, 2nd Edition. Wiley, New

York. 439-460.

Haba, E., Espuny, M. J., Busquets, M. and Manresa, A. (2000).

Screening and production of rhamnolipids by Pseudomonas

aeruginosa 47T2 NCIB 40044 from frying oils. Journal of Applied


Hall, E. R. and Melcer, H. (1983). Biotechnology developments for the

treatment of toxic and inhibitory waste waters. Biotechnology

Advances 1: 59-71.

190

Hamamura, N. and Arp, D. J. (2000). Isolation and characterization of

alkane utilizing Nocardioides sp. strain CF8. FEMS Microbiology

Letters 186: 21-26.

Hamamura, N., Yeager, C. M. and Arp, D. J. (2001). Two distinct

monooxygenases for alkane oxidation in Nocardioides sp. strain

CF8. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67: 4992-4998.

Heisey, R. M. and Papadatos, S. (1995). Isolation of microorganisms

able to metabolize purified natural rubber. Applied and


Holmberg, K. (2001). Natural surfactants. Current Opinion in Colloid and

Interface Science 6: 148-159.

Hussain, S., Arshad, M., Saleem, M. and Khalid, A. (2007).

Biodegradation of alpha- and beta-endosulfan by soil bacteria.

Biodegradation 18(6): 731-40.

Ibrahim, A., Sethu, S., Karim, M. Z. and Isa, Z. (1979).

Anaerobic/facultative ponding system for treatment of latex

concentrate effluent. Proceedings of Rubber Research Institute of

Malaysian Planter’s Conference, Kuala Lampur : 419-435.

Ibrahim, E. M. A., Arenskotter, M., Luftmann, H. and Steinbuchel, A.

(2006). Identification of poly cis 1,4 isoprene degradation

intermediates during growth of moderately thermophilic

actinomycetes on rubber and cloning of a functional Kp

homologue from Nocardia farcinia strain E. Applied and

Environmental Microbiology 72(5) : 3375-3382.

Ikram, A., Alias, O. and Napi, D. (2000). Biodegradability of NR gloves in

soil. Journal of Rubber Research 3(2): 104-114.

References 191

Indian standards: 3708 (part I). (1985). Indian standard specification of

natural rubber latex. Indian Standards Institution, New Delhi.

Jackson, K. D., Starkey, M., Kremer, S., Parsek, M. R. and Wozniak, D.

J. (2004). Identification of psl, a locus encoding a potential

exopolysaccharide that is essential for Pseudomonas aeruginosa

PAO1 biofilm formation. Journal of Bacteriology. 186(14): 4466-

4475.

Jayachandran, K. and Chandrasekaran, M. (1998). Biological coagulation

of skim latex using Acinetobacter sp. isolated from natural rubber

latex centrifugation effluent. Biotechnology Letters 20: 161-164.

Jayachandran, K., Suresh, P. V. and Chandrasekaran, M. (1994). A

noval Acinetobacter sp. for treating highly acidic rubber latex

centrifugation effluent. Biotechnology Letters 16: 649-654.

Jendrossek, D. and Reinhardt, S. (2003). Sequence analysis of a gene

product synthesized by Xanthomonas sp. during growth on

natural rubber latex. FEMS Microbiology Letters 224: 61-65.

Jendrossek, D., Tomasi, G. and Kroppenstedt, R. M. (1997). Bacterial

degradation of natural rubber: a privilege of actinomycetes?

FEMS Microbiology Letters 150: 179-188.

Jenson, K. A. (Jr.), Bao, W., Kawai, S., Srebotnik, E. and Hammel, K. E.

(1996). Manganese dependant cleavage of nonphenolic lignin

structure by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora in the absence of lignin

peroxidase. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 62: 3679-

3686.

Jin, M., Wang, X., Gong, T., Gu, C., Zhang, B., Shen, Z. and Li, J. (2005).

A novel membrane reactor enhanced by effective microorganisms

192

for the treatment of domestic water. Applied Microbiology and

Biotechnology 69: 229-235.

Johnson, G. D. (1951). A new preparation of 2,4- dinitrophenyl hydrazones.

Journal of American Chemical Society. 73, 5888- 5889.

Jones, L. A., Holmes, J. C. and Seligman, R. B. (1956).

Spectrophotometric studies of some 2,4- dinitrophenylhydrazones.

Analytical Chemistry 28: 191.

Julkowska, D., Obuchowski, M., Holland, B., Seror, S. (2004). Branched

swarming patterns on a synthetic medium formed by wild-type

Bacillus subtilis strain 3610: detection of different cellular

morphologies and constellations of cells as the complex

architecture develops. Microbiology 150 : 1839-1849.

Kaatz, I. and Keeney, M. (1966). Quantitative micro determination and

isolation of plasmalogen aldehyde as 2, 4- dinitrophenyl hydrazones.

Journal of Lipid Research 7: 170 –174

Kadir, M. O. A., Ismail, N., Abllah, N. F. N. and Rahman, N. N. B. A.

(1999) Biodegradation kinetics in bioaugmented extended

aeration reactors for latex effluent. Journal of Rubber Research.

4th Quarter Volume 2(4).

Kadir, M. O. A., Ismail, N., Abllah, N. F. N. and Rahman, N. N. B. A.

(2000). Use of Natural Bacteria to Accelerate the Extended

Aeration Treatment of Processed Latex Effluent. Journal of

Rubber Research. 1st Quarter 3 (1).

Kelley, I. and Cerniglia, C. E. (1995). Degradation of a mixture of high-

molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a

Mycobacterium strain PYR-1. Journal of Soil Contamination 4:

77-91.

References 193

Khan, A. A., Wang, R.., Cao, W.. , Franklin, W. and Cerniglia. C. E.

(1996). Reclassification of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-

metabolizing bacterium, Beijerinckia sp. strain B1, as

Sphingomonas yanoikuyae by fatty acid analysis, protein pattern

analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and 16S ribosomal DNA

sequencing. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 46:

466-469.

Khan, Z. and Anjaneyalu, Y. (2005). Review on applications of

bioremediation methods for decontaminations of soil. Research

Journal of Chemistry and Environment 9(2): 75-79.

Kim, H. S., Yoon, B. D., Choung, D.H., Oh, H. M., Katsurazi, T. and Tani,

Y. (1999). Characterization of a biosurfactant mannosyllerythritol

lipid produced from Candida sp. SY16. Applied Microbiology and


Kinsinger, R. F., Shirk, M. C. and Fall, R. (2003). Rapid surface motility in

Bacillus subtilis is dependent on extra cellular surfactin and

potassium ion. Journal of Bacteriology 185 : 5627-5631.

Kirk, P. W. and Gordon, S. (1988). Hydrocarbon degradation by

filamentous marine higher fungi. Mycologia 80: 776-782.

Klug, M. J. and Markovetz, A. J. (1971). Utilization of aliphatic

hydrocarbons by microorganisms. Advances in Microbial

Physiology 5: 1-43.

Komoto, A. Hanaki, K., Maenosono, S., Wakano, J. Y., Yamaguchi, Y. and

Yamamoto, K. (2003). Growth dynamics of Bacillus circulans

colony. Journal of Theoretical Biology 222: 91-97.

Krumholz, L. R. (1998). Microbial Ecosystems in the Earth’s Subsurface.

American Society for Microbiology News 64: 197-202.

194

Kulkarnia, P. R., Ho, P., Ratnasabapathy, M. and Stanton, W. R. (1973).

Utilization of rubber effluent Part I. Planter 49: 307-313.

Kulkarnib, P. R., Ho, P., Ratnasabapathy, M., Stanton, W. R. (1973).

Utilization of rubber effluent Part II. Planter, 49: 359-361.

Kummer, C., Schumann, P. and Stakebrandt, E. (1999).Gordonia

alkanivorans sp.nov., isolated from tar contaminated soil.

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 49:1513-1522.

Lai, B. and Khanna, S. (1996). Degradation of crude oil by Acinetobacter

calcoaceticus and Alcaligenes odorans. Journal of Applied

Bacteriology 81: 355-362.

Lang, S., Wullbrandt, D. (1999). Rhamnose lipids-biosynthesis,

microbial production and application potential. Applied

Microbiology and Biotechnology 51: 22-32.

Larkin, M. J., Mot, R. D., Kukalov, L. A. and Nagy, I. (1998). Applied

aspects of Rhodococcus genetics. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology 74:

133-153.

Lattuati, A., Metzger, P., Acquaviva, M., Bertrand, J. C. and Largeau, C.

(2002). n-alkane degradation by Marinobacter

hydrocarbonoclasticus strain SP 17: long chain β - hydroxy acids

as indicators of bacterial activity. Organic Geochemistry 33: 37-45

Leadbetter, E. R. and Foster, J. W. (1959). Incorporation of molecular

oxygen in bacterial cells utilizing hydrocarbons for growth. Nature

184(18): 1428-1429.

References 195

Leahy, J. G. and Colwell, R. R. (1990). Microbial degradation of

hydrocarbons in the environment. Microbiological Reviews 54:

305-315.

Levin, A., Viale, A. and Forchiassin (2003). Degradation of organic

pollutants by the white rot basidiomycete Trametes trogii.

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 52(1): 1 – 5.

Li, S. D., Chen, Y., Zhou, J., Li, P-S., Zhu, C-S., Lin, M-L. (1998). Study

on the thermal degradation of epoxidized natural rubber. Journal

of Polymer Science 61(13): 2207-2211.

Lim, L. H., Harrison, R. M. and Harrad, S. (1999). The contribution of traffic

to atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Environment Science and Technology 33:3538-3542.

Linos, A, Reichelt, R., Keller, V. and Steinbuchel, A. (2000.b). A gram

negative bacterium identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa AL98,

is a potent degrader of NR and synthetic cis1, 4 poly isoprene.

FEMS Microbiology Letters 182 : 155-161.

Linos, A. and Steinbuchel, A. (2001). Biodegradation of natural and

synthetic rubber. In. Koyama, T. and Steinbuchel, A. (ed.)

Biopolymers. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany: 321-359.

Linos, A., Berekaa, M. M., Steinbüchel, A., Kim, K. K., Spröer, C. and

Kroppenstedt, R. M. (2002). Gordonia westfalica sp. nov., a novel

rubber-degrading actinomycete. International Journal of

Systematic Bacteriology 52: 1133-1139.

Linos, A., Berekka, M. M., Reichett, R., Keller, U., Schmitt, J., Flemming,

H., Kroppenstedt R. M, Steinbuchel, A. (2000a). Biodegradation of

cis 1,4 polyisoprene rubbers by distinct actinomycetes: microbial

196

strategies and detailed surface analysis. Applied and

Environmental Microbiology 66 (4): 1639-1645.

Linos, A., Steinbuschel, A., Sproer, C., Kroppenstedt, R. M. (1999).

Gordonia polyisoprenivorans sps. nov. a rubber degrading

actinomycete isolated from automobile tire. International Journal

of Systematic Bacteriology 49: 1785-1791.

Liu, H. S., Mead, J. L. and Stacer, R. G. (2000). Environmental effects of

recycled rubber in land-fill applications. Rubber Chemistry and

Technology 73: 551-564.

Low, F. C., Tan, A. M. and John, C. K. (1992). Microbial degradation of

natural rubber. Journal of Natural Rubber Research 7(3): 195-

205.

Lowry, O. H., Rosenbrough, N. J., Farr, A. L. and Randal, R. J. (1951).

Protein measurement with phenol reagent. Journal of Biological

Chemistry 193: 265-275.

MacLaghlan, J., Heap, W. M. and Pacitti, J. (1966). Attack of bacteria

and fungi on rubbers and plastics in the tropics. In. Butler, N. J.

and Eggins, O. W. (ed.) Microbial deterioration in the tropics.

Society of Chemical Industry, London, United Kingdom : 185-200.

Madhu, G., George, K. E. and Francis, D. J. (1991). Characterisation and

treatment of wastewater from a centrifuge rubber latex unit. Indian

Journal of Natural Rubber Research 4(2): 97-102.

Maeng, J. H., Sakai, Y., Tani, Y. and Kato, N. (1996). Isolation and

characterization of a novel oxygenase that catalyzes the first step

of n-alkane oxidation in Acinetobacter sp. strain M-1. Journal of

Bacteriology 178: 3695-3700.

References 197

Maier, R. M. and Soberon-Chavez, G. (2000). Pseudomonas aeruginosa

rhamnolipids: Biosynthesis and potential applications. Applied

Microbiology and Biotechnology 54(1): 625-633.

Maier, T., Forster, H. H., Asperger, O. and Hahn, U. (2001). Molecular

characterization of the 56-kDa CYP153 from Acinetobacter sp.

EB104. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

286: 652-658.

Maila, M. P., Randima, P., Surridge, K., Dronen, K. and Cloete, T. E.

(2005). Evaluation of microbial diversity of different soil layers at a

contaminated diesel site. International Biodeterioration &

Biodegradation 55: 1-39.

Makula R. A. and Finnerty, W. R. (1970). Microbial Assimilation of

Hydrocarbons: Identification of Phospholipids. Journal of

Bacteriology 103(2): 348–355.

Makula, R. A., Lockwood, P. J. and Finnerty, W. R. (1975). Comparative

analysis of the lipids of Acinetobacter species grown on

hexadecane. Journal of Bacteriology 121: 250-258.

Mantzavinos, D. and Psillakis, E. (2004). Enhancement of

biodegradability of industrial waste waters by chemical oxidation

pre-treatment. Journal of Chemical Toxicology and Biotechnology

79: 431-454.

Margesin, R., Labbe, D., Schinner, F., Greer, C. W. and Whyte, L. G.

(2003). Characterization of hydrocarbon degrading microbial

populations in contaminated and pristene alpine soils. Applied

and Environmental Microbiology 69 (6): 3085-3092.

Marr, L. C., Kirchstetter, T. W., Harley, R. A., Miguel, A. H. , Hering, S. V.

and Hammond, S. K. (1999). Characterization of polycyclic

198

aromatic hydrocarbons in motor vehicle fuels and exhaust

emissions. Environment Science and Technology 33: 3091-3099.

Matsushita, M. (1997). Formation of colony patterns by a bacterial cell

population. In. Shapiro, J. and Dwarkin, M. (ed.) Bacteria as

multicellular organisms New York: Oxford university press: 367-

393.

Mc. Carthy, A. J. (1987). Lignocellulose degrading actinomycetes. FEMS

Microbiology Review 46: 145-163.

Mc.Carthy, A. J. and Williams, S. T. (1992). Actinomycetes as agents of

biodegradation in the environment- a review. Gene 115: 189-192.

Mercade, M. E., Manresa, Robert, M., Espumy, M. J., Andres, C. de and

Guinea, J. (1993). Olive oil mill effluent: new substrates for

biosurfactant production. Bioresource Technology 43: 1-6.

Michael, V. (1991). Burning Rubber. Business Periodicals Mechanical

Engineering-CIME Feb :1-3

Muthuraj, R. N., John, C. K. and Lee, H. (1973). Developments on the

treatment of effluent from New Process SMR factories.

Proceedings of Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia Planter’s

Conference, Kualalampur : 402- 418.

Narayan, P. K. (ed.) (1992). In. Rubber and its cultivation. The Rubber

Board, Kottayam, India

Naunton, W. J. S. (ed.) (1961). The Applied Science of Rubber. Edward

Arnold, London : 192-193.

Nicolau*, A., Lima, N., Mota, N. and Madoni, P. (1997). Os Protozoários

como Indicadores da Qualidade das Lamas Activadas, Boletim de

Biotecnologia, 56, 14-19.

References 199

Nishioka, M., Chang, H.. and Lee, M. (1986). Structural characteristics of

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon isomers in coal tars and

combustion products. Environmental Science and Technology 20:

1023-1027.

Ohgiwari, M., Matsushita, M. and Matsuyama, T. (1992). Morphological

changes in the growth phenomena of bacterial colony patterns.

Journal of Physical Society of Japan 61: 816-822.

Painter, H. (1985). In. Moo-Young, M. (ed.) Comprehensive

biotechnology, Oxford: Pergamon Press. 4: 773-84.

Parra, J. L., Guinea, J., Manresa, M. A., Robert, M., Mercade, M. E.,

Comellers, F. and Bosh, M. P. (1989). Chemical characterization

and physiochemical behavior of biosurfactants. Journal of

American Oil Society 66:141-145.

Parvateesam, M., Sharma, R. and Goyal, M. (2004). Characteristics of

the bacteria isolated from hydrocarbon spilled soils. Pollution

Research 23 (2): 259-263.

Patel, R. M. and Desai, A. J. (1997). Biosurfactant production by

Pseudomonas aeruginosa GS3 from molasses. Letters in Applied


Perry, J. J. (1979). Microbial cooxidations involving hydrocarbons.

Microbiological Reviews 43(1): 59–72.

Ponniah, C. D., Chick, W. H. and Sevw, E. M. et. al. (1975). Treatment of

effluent from latex concentrate factories: preliminary report.

Bulletin of Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia 229: 310-312.

200

Prpich, G. P. and Daugulis, A. J. (2005). Enhanced biodegradation of phenol

by a microbial consortium in a solid- liquid two-phase partitioning

bioreactor. Biodegradation 16: 329-339.

Radahakrishna Pillai, P.N. (ed.) (1980). Hand Book of Natural Rubber

Production in India. 411-416. The Rubber Research Institute of

India, India.

Rahman, K. S. M., Banat, I. M., Thahira, J., Thayumanavan and

Lakshmanaperumalsamy, P. (2002). Bioremediation of gasoline

contaminated soil by a bacterial consortium amended with poultry

litter, coir pith and rhamnolipid biosurfactant. Bioresource

Technology 81(1): 25-32.

Raj, A., Reddy, M., Chandra, R., Purohit, H and Kapley, A. (2007).

Biodegradation of kraft-lignin by Bacillus sp. isolated from sludge

of pulp and paper mill. Biodegradation 18(6): 783-92.

Rifaat, H. M. and Yosery, M. A. (2004). Identification and characterization

of rubber degrading actinobacteria. Applied Ecology and

Environmental Research 2(1) : 63-70.

Rook, J. J. (1955). Microbial deterioration of vulcanized rubber. Applied


Rose, K. and Steinbuchel, A., (2005). Biodegradation of natural rubber

and related compounds; recent insights into hardly understood

catabolic capability of micro organisms. Applied and

Environmental Microbiology 71(6): 2803-2812.

Rose, K., Tenberge, K. B., Steinbuchel, A. (2005). Identification and

characterization of genes from Streptomyces sp. strain K30

responsible for clear zone formation on natural rubber latex and

References 201

poly (cis 1,4-isoprene) rubber degradation. Biomacromolecules 6:

180-188.

Roy, R. V., Das, M., Banarjee, R. and Bhowmick, A. K. (2006).

Comparative studies on rubber biodegradation through solid-state

and submerged fermentation. Process Biochemistry 41: 181-186.

Sahai, R, Jabeen, S. and Saxena, K. (1983). Effect of distillery waste on

seed germination seedlings growth and pigment content of rice.

Indian Journal of Ecology 10(11): 7-10.

Sakai, Y., Maeng, J. H., Tani, Y. and Kato N. (1994). Use of long-chain

n-alkanes (C13-C44) by an isolate, Acinetobacter sp. M-1.

Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry. 58: 2128-2130.

Sanglard, D. and Loper, J. C. (1989). Charecterization of the alkane

inducible cytochrome P450 (P450alk) gene from the yeast

Candida tropicalis: identification of a new P450 gene family. Gene

76: 121-136.

Sanglard, D., Chen, C. and Loper, J. C. (1987). Isolation of the alkane

inducible cytochrome P450(P450alk) gene from the yeast

Candida tropicalis. Biochemical and Biophysical Research

Communication 144: 251-257.

Santodonato, J., Davis, L., Howard, P. and Saxena, J. (1976).

Investigation of selected potential environmental contaminants:

Mercaptobenzothiozols; Office of toxic substances, U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency: Washington D.C. EPA-560/2-

76-006.

Sato, S., Honda, Y., Kuwahara, M. and Watanabe, T. (2003).

Degradation of vulcanised and nonvulcanized polyisoprene

202

rubber by lipid peroxidation catalyzed by oxidative enzymes and

transition metals. Biomacromolecules 4: 321-329.

Schinner, F. and Margesin, R. (2001). Biodegradation and bioremediation

of hydrocarbons in extreme environments. Applied Microbiology

and Biotechnology 56: 650- 663.

Schmid, A., Kollmer, A. and Witholt, B. (1998). Effects of Biosurfactants and

Emulsifications on Two-Liquid Phase Pseudomonas oleovorans

Cultures and Cell Free Emulsions Containing n-Decane. Enzyme

and Microbial Technology 22(6): 487-493.

Schröder, E. and Rehm, H. J. (1981). Degradation of long chain n-

alkanes by disrupted cells of Chlorella vulgaris. Applied

Microbiology and Biotechnology 13 : 188-190.

Seal, K. J. and Morton, L. H. J. (1986). Chemical materials. In.

Biotechnology, VCH, Weinheim, Germany vol.8: 583-606.

Seubert, W. (1960). Degradaion of isoprenoid compounds by

microorganisms. Journal of Bacteriology 79: 426-434.

Shaposhnikov*, V. N., Rabotnova, I. L., Yarmola, G. A., Kuznetsova, V.

M. and Kuznetzova, V. M. (1952). On growth of moulds in Natural

rubber. Mikrobiologiya 21: 280-282.

Sharma, S. K., Srivastava, A., Singh, V. P. (1997). Effect of rubber

factory effluent on growth in Vigna mungo (Urd bean). Journal of

Environment and Pollution, 4(3): 175-177.

Shuttleworth, K. L. and Cerniglia, C. E. (1995). Environmental aspects of

PAH biodegradation. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology54:

291-302.

References 203

Singer, M. E. and Finnerty, W. R. (1984). Microbial metabolism of

straight-chain and branched alkanes, In. Atlas R.M. (ed.),

Petroleum microbiology. Macmillan Publishing Co., New York. : 1-

60.

So, C. M. and Young, L. Y. (1999). Initial Reactions in Anaerobic Alkane

Degradation by a Sulfate Reducer, Strain AK-01 Applied and

Environmental Microbiology 65 (12): 5532-5540.

Spain, J. C., Pritchard, P. H. and Bourquin, A. W. (1980). Effects of

Adaptation on Biodegradation Rates in Sediment/Water Cores

from Estuarine and Freshwater Environments. Applied and

Environmental Microbiology 40 (4):726–734.

Spence, D. and van Niel C. B. (1936). Bacterial decomposition of the

rubber in Hevea latex. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 28:

849.

Srebotnik, E. Jenson, K. A. Jr., Kawai, S., Hammel, K. E. (1997).

Evidence that Ceriporiopsis subvermispora Degrades

Nonphenolic Lignin Structures by a One-Electron-Oxidation

Mechanism. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63 : 4435-

4440.

Stobdan, T., Sinha, A., Singh, R. P. and Adhikari, D. (2008). Degradation

of pyridine and 4-methylpyridine by Gordonia terrea IIPN1.

Biodegradation 19 (4): 481-487.

Suchiva, K., Kowitteerawut, T. L. and Srichantamit (2000). Structure

properties of purified natural rubber. Journal of Applied Polymer

Science 78: (8) pp. 1495-1504.

Tang, S. N., Fakhru'l-Razi, A., Hassan, M. A., Karim, M. I. (1999)

Feasibility study on the utilization of rubber latex effluent for

204

producing bacterial biopolymers. Artificial Cells Blood Substitutes

and Immobilization Biotechnology 27(5-6): 411-416.

Tang, T. S., Fakhru'l-Razi, A., Hassan , M. A., Karim, M. I. A. (1999).

Feasibility study on the utilization of rubber latex effluent for

producing bacterial biopolymers. World Engineering Congress 27

: 411-416

Tangboriboonrat, P., Polpanich, D., Suteewong, T., Sanguansap, K.,

Paiphansiri, U., Lerthititrakul, C. (2003). Morphology of peroxide

vulcanised natural rubber latex: effect of reaction time and

deproteinisation. Colloid and Polymer Science 282 (2): 1-7.

Throne-Holst, M., S., Markussen, A. Winnberg, T. E. Ellingsen, Kotlar, H.

K. and Zotchev. S. B. (2006). Utilization of n-alkanes by a newly

isolated strain of Acinetobacter venetianus: The role of two AlkB-

type alkane hydroxylases. Applied Microbiology and


Throne-Holst, M., Wentzel, A., Ellingsen, T. E., Kotlar,H. K. and Zotchev,

S. B. (2007) Identification of novel genes involved in long-chain n-

alkane degradation by Acinetobacter sp. Strain DSM 17874.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73(10): 3327–3332.

Tsuchii, A., Suzuki, T., Takahara, Y. (1978). Microbial degradation of

liquid poly butadiene. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 42 (6):

1217-1222.

Tsuchii, A., Takeda, K., Suzuki, T. and Tokiwa, Y. (1996). Colonization

and degradation of rubber pieces by Nocardia sp. Biodegradation

7: 41-48.

References 205

Tsuchii, A. and Takeda, K. (1990). Rubber degrading enzyme from

bacterial culture. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 56 (1):

269-274.

Tsuchii, A. and Tokiwa, Y. (1999). Colonization and disintegration of tire

rubber by a colonial mutant of Nocardia. Journal of Bioscience

and Bioengineering. 87: 542-544

Tsuchii, A. and Tokiwa, Y. (2001). Microbiological degradation of tyre

rubber particles. Biotechnological Letters 23 : 963-969.

Tsuchii, A., Hayashi, K., Hironiwa, T., Matsunaka, H. and Takeda, K.

(1990). The effect of compounding ingredients on microbial

degradation of vulcanized natural rubber. Journal of Applied

Polymer Science 41: 1181-1187.

Tsuchii, A., Suzuki, T. and Takeda, K. (1985). Microbial degradation of

natural rubber vulcanizates. Applied and Environmental


van Beilen, J. B., Wubbolts, M. G. and Witholt, B. (1994). Genetics of

alkane oxidation by Pseudomonas oleovorans. Biodegradation

5:161-174.

van Hamme, V. J. D., Singh, A. and Ward, O. P. (2003). Recent

advances in petroleum microbiology. Microbiology and Molecular

Biology Reviews 67: 503-549.

van Hylckama Vlieg, J. E. T., Kingma, J., Kruizinga, W. and Janssen, D.

B.(1999). Purification of a glutathione S- transferase and a

glutathione conjugate-specific dehydrogenase involved in

isoprene metabolism in Rhodococcus sp. strain AD45. Applied


206

Wang, K. (ed.) (2007). Agrobacterium Protocols Volume 2, Second

Edition, Humana Press

Wang, X., Yu, X. and Bartha, R. (1990). Effect of bioremediation on

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon residues in soil. Environmental

Science and Technology 24: 1086-1089.

Warneke, S., Arenskotter, M., Tenberge, K. B., Steinbuchel, A. (2007).

Bacterial degradation of poly(trans-1,4-isoprene) (gutta percha)


Watanabe, K., Wakita, H., Itoh, H., Matsuyama, T., Matsushita, M.

(2002). Dynamical properties of transient spatio temporal patterns

in bacterial colony of Proteus mirabilis. Journal of the Physical

Society of Japan 71: 650-656.

Watkinson, R. J. and Morgan, P. (1990). Physiology of aliphatic

hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms. Biodegradation 1: 79-92.

Weber, W. J., Jang, Y-C., Townsend T. and Laux, S. (2002). Leachate

from Land Disposed Residential Construction Waste. Journal of

Environmental Engineering. 128(3): 237-245.

Weston, R. F., Preslo, I. and Weston, R. F. (1988). Remedial

Technologies for Leaking Underground Storage Tanks, Lewis

Publishers, U.S.A. : 37-51.

Whyte, L. G., Bourbonniere, L. and Greer, C. W. (1997). Biodegradation

of petroleum hydrocarbons by psychrotrophic Pseudomonas

strains possessing both alkane (alk) and naphthalene (nah)

catabolic pathways. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63

(9): 3719-3723.

References 207

Wong, A. D. and Goldsmith, C. D. (1988). The impact of a chemostat

discharge containing oil degrading bacteria on the biological

kinetics of a refinery activated sludge process. Water Science and

Technology 20: 131-136.

Wright, A. D. and Welbourn, P. (2002). Organic compounds. In.

Environmental Toxicology. Cambridge University Press, U.K. 349-

407.

Wyatt, J. M., (1984). The microbial degradation of hydrocarbons. Trends

in Biochemical Sciences 9: 20-23.

Xin- hui- Xing, Joshino, T., Pushpita, N. F. and Unno, H. (1995).

Behaviour of 2-4, dichlorophenoxy acetic acid degradation and

nitrogen conversion by an activated sludge. Biotechnology

Letters, 17 (3): 335-340.

Yablonsky, M. D., Bartley, T., Elliston, K. O., Kahrs, S. K., Shalita Z. P.,

and Eveleigh, D. E. (1988). Charecterisation and cloning of the

cellulase complex of Microbispora bispora. In. Aubert, J. P.,

Beguin, P. and Millet, J. (eds.), Acadamic, London, U.K. 249-266.

Yamada, Y., Moto, H., Kinoshita, S., Takeda, N. and Okada, H.(1975).

Oxidative degradation of squalane by Arthrobacter sps. Applied


Yang, C., Lee, C., Wang, C. (2005). Degradation of chlorophenols using

pentachlorophenol-degrading bacteria Sphingomonas

chlorophenolica in a batch reactor. Current Microbiology 51: 156-

160.

Zander, J. M., Greig, J. B. and Caspi, E. (1970). Tetrahymenol

biosynthesis. Studies invitro on squalane cyclization. Journal of

Biological Chemistry 245: 1247-1254.

208

Zhang, Y. Maier, W. J., Miller, R. (1997). Effect of rhamnolipid on the

dissolution bioavailibility and biodegradation of phenanthrene.

Environmental Science and Technology 31: 2211- 2217.

Zhukov*, D. V., Murygina, V. P. and Kaliuzhnyi, S. V. (2007). Kinetics of

the degradation of aliphatic hydrocarbons by the bacteria

Rhodococcus ruber and Rhodococcus erythropolis. Prikladnaia

Biokhimiia i Mikrobiologiia 43(6): 657-63.

* originals not referred

Documents

REFERENCES - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/22413/19/19... · References 181 Banh, Q ... Shochet, O. and Tenebaum, A. (1995). Cooperative formation of chiral