Upload
vanbao
View
223
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
REFERENCES
Abd El Wahab, G. M. (2004), Integrated disease management of some root
diseases in tomato plants. Ph.D. Thesis Fac. of Agric. Damanhour,
Alexandria Univ., Egypt.
Aggarwal, R., Tewari, A. K., Srivastava, K. D. and Singh, D. V. (2004). Role of
antibiosis in the biological control of spot blotch (Cochliobolus sativus) of
wheat by Chaetomium globosum. Mycopathologia, 157: 369-377.
Ahmadzadeh, M., Tehrani, A. S. and Jahromi, K. T., (2004). Study on production
of some antimicrobial metabolites by fluorescent pseudomonads. Iranian
J.Agric. Sci., 35(3): 731-739.
Ahmed, J. S. and Baker, R. (1987). Competitive saprophytic ability and
cellulolytic activity of rhizosphere competent mutants of Trichoderma
harzianum. Phytopath. 77: 358-362.
Ainhoa Martínez-Medina, Antonio Roldán and Jose A. Pascual. (2011).
Interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma
harzianum under conventional and low input fertilization field condition
in melon crops: Growth response and Fusarium wilt biocontrol. Applied
Soil Ecology 4:7 98–105.
Akbari, L. F. and Parakhia, A. M. (2001), Effect of fungicides on. fungal
bioagents. J. Mycol. Plant Path., 31:101
Alabouvette C., Schippers B., Lemanceau P. and Bakker PAHM. (1998).
Biological control of Fusarium wilts: toward development of commercial
products. pp. 15–36
164
Alabouvette, C., Lemanceau, P., and Steinberg, C. (1993). Recent advances in the
biological control of fusarium wilts, Pestic. Sci.37: 365-373.
Alexander, D., R. M. Goodman, M. Gut-Rella, C. Glascock, K. Weymann, L.
Friedrich, D. Maddox, P. Ahl-Goy, T. Luntz, E. Ward and J. Ryals.
(1993). Increased tolerance to two Oomycete pathogens in transgenic
tobacco expressing pathogenesis-related protein 1a. – Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA 90, 7327–7331.
Amaresh, Y. S., Raveendra, B. H., Negalur, R .B., Teggi, M. Y. and Lokesh, M. S.
(2005). Scenario of diseases of vanilla in Uttar Kannada district. Paper
presented in National Seminar on ETPPSR Annamalai University, March
7-8, (2005), p. 82.
Anand, T., Chandrasekaran, A., Kuttalam, S., Senthilraja, G. and Samiyappan, R.
(2010). Integrated control of fruit rot and powdery mildew of chilli using
the bio-control agent Pseudomonas fluorescens and a chemical fungicide.
Bio. Control, 52: 1-7.
Anderson, A. J.and Guerra, D. (1985). Responses of bean to root colonization
with Pseudomonas putida in a hydroponic system. – Phytopathology 75,
992–995.
Anith, K. N. and Manomohandas, T. P. (2001). Combined application of -
Trichoderma harzianum and Alcaligenes spp. strain AMB8 for controlling
nursery rot diseases of Black pepper. Indian phytopathol, 54: 335-339.
Anith, K. N., Momol, M. T., Kloepper, J. W., Marois, J. J., Olson, S. M. and
Jones, J. B.. (2004). Efficacy of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria,
cibenzolar-S-methyl and soil amendment for integrated management of
bacterial wilt on tomato. Pl. Dis., 88: 669-673.
References 165
Asghar, H.N, Zahir, Z.A., Arshad, M. and Khaliq, A. (2002). Relationship
between in vitro production of auxins by rhizobacteria and their growth
promoting activities in Brassica juncea.L. Bio. Fertil. Soil., vol.35,
pp.231-237.
Ashoka., S. and Yashoda R. Hegde (2006), Scenario of fungal diseases of Vanilla
planifolia in KarnatakaInternational Journal of Plant Sciences 1 (2): 269-
272
Aslantas, R., Cakmakci, R. and Sahin, F., (2007). Effect of plant growth
promoting rhizobacteria on young apple trees growth and fruit yield under
orchard conditions. Sci. Hort., 111: 371-377.
Bae, Y. S. and Knudsen, G. R. (2005), Soil microbial biomass influence on growth
and biocontrol efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum. Biological Control 32:
236-242.
Bagnasco P., De La Fuente L., Gualtieri G., Noya F. and Arias A. (1998),
Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp spp. as biocontrol agents against forage
legume root pathogenic fungi. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 30: 1317–
1322.
Baharum S. N., Salleh A. B., Razak C. N. A., Basri M., Rahman M.B.A. and Rahman
R.N.Z.R.A. (2003). Organic solvent tolerant lipase by" Pseudomonas sp. strain
S5: stability of enzyme in organic solvent and physical factors affecting its
production. Ann. Microbiol., 53: 75-83.
Baker, S. C., Stavely, J. R., Thomas, C. A., Sasser, M., and Mac. Fall, S. J., 1983,
Inhibitory effect of Bacillus subtilis on Uromyces phaseoli and on
development of rust pustules on bean leaves. Phytopathology 73:1148 -
1152.
166
Baker, P.A.H.M., van Peer, R. and Schippers, B., (1991). Suppression of Soil
Borne Plant Pathogens by Fluorescent Pseudomonads: Mechanisms and
Prospects. In: Beemster, A.B.R., Bollen, G.J., Gerlagh, M., Ruissen,
M.A., Schippers, B. (Eds.), Biotic Interactions and Soil-Borne Diseases.
Elsevier, Amsterdam, p.217-230.
Balagopal, C., Indrasenan, G., Devi, S. B. and Varma, A.A.S, (1974), Wilt of
Vanilla planifolia Andrews. Agricultural Research Journal of Kerala, 12:
70-71.
Bangera ,M. G. and Thomashow L. S. (1996) Characterization of a genomic locus
required for synthesis of the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol by the
biological control agent Pseudomonas fluorescens Q2-87. Molecular Plant-
Microbe Interactions 9: 83–90.
Bankole ,S.A. and Adebanjo A. (1996). Biocontrol of brown blotch of cowpea
caused by Colletotrichum truncatum with Trichoderma viride. Crop
Protect. 15:633–636.
Bashan, Y. and L.E. de-Bashan (2005), Fresh weight measurements of roots
provide inaccurate estimates of the effects of plant growth-promoting
bacteria on root growth: a critical examination. Soil Bio. Biochem., 37:
1795-1804.
Benhamou, N., Belanger, R. R. and Paulitz, T. C. (1996): Induction of differential
host responses by Pseudomonas fluorescens in Ri T-DNA-transformed
pea roots after challenge with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psi and Pythium
ultimum. Phytopathology 86, 114–118.
Bennett, A. J. A. Mead and J. M. Whipps (2009). Performance of carrot and onion
seed primed with beneficial micro-organisms in glasshouse and field
trials. Bio. Control, 51: 417-426.
References 167
Besse, P., Silva, D. D., Bory, S., Grisoni, M., Bellec, F.L., and Duval, M.F.
(2004). RAPD genetic diversity in cultivated vanilla: Vanilla planifolia,
and relationships with V. tahitensis and V. pompona. Plant Science 167:
379-385.
Bestwick C. S., Brown I.R., and Mansfi eld J. W. (1998), Localized changes in
peroxidase activity accompany hydrogen peroxide generation during the
development of a non host hypersensitive reaction in lettuce. Plant
Physiol. 118: 1067–1078.
Bharathi, R., Vivekananthan, R., Harish, S., Ramanathan, A., and Samiyappa, R.,
(2004), Rhizobacteria-based bio-formulations for the management of fruit
rot infection in chilies. Crop Prot. 23, 835–843.
Bhat A. I., Venugopal M. N., Pant R. P. and Bhai R. S. (2004), Occurrence and
distribution of viral diseases on vanilla in India; J. Spices Aromatic Crops
13 143–148.
Bhatia, S., Dubey, R. C. and Maheshwari, D. K., (2005), Enhancement of plant
growth and suppression of collar rot of sunflower caused by S. rolfsii through
fluorescent pseudomonads. Indian Phytopathology, 58(1): 17-24.
Bhavani, R. (2004). Biological management of Phytophthora pod rot of cocoa.
M'.Sc. (Ag) thesis., Kerala Agricultural Univ., Thrissur.
Biswas, K. K. and Sen, C., (2000), Management of stem rot of groundnut caused by
Sclerotium rolfsii through Trichoderma harzianum. Indian Phytopath.,
53(3): 290-295.
Bloemberg, G. V., O’Toole, G. A., Lugtenberg, B. J. J., and Kolter, R. (1997).
Green fluorescent protein as a marker for Pseudomonas spp. Appl.
Environ. Microbiol. 63:4543-4551.
168
Bloemberg, G. V., Wijifjes, A. H. M., Lamers, G. E. M., Stuurman, N. and Lugtenberg,
B. J. J. (2000), Simultaneous imaging of Pseudomonas fluorescens
WCS365 populations expressing three different autofluorescent proteins
in the rhizosphere; new perspectives for studying microbial communities.
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 13:1170-1176.
Boller T and Mauch F. (1988), Colorimetric assay for chitinase. Meth Enzymol.
161:430–435.
Bosah, O. C. A. Igeleke and V. I. Omorusi (2010) In Vitro Microbial Control of
Pathogenic Sclerotium rolfsii International Journal of Agriculture &
Biology 09–047/AWB/12–3–474–476
Brammall, R. A., and Higgins, V. J. (1988). A histological comparison of fungal
colonization in tomato seedlings susceptible or resistant to Fusarium
crown and root rot disease. Can. J. Bot. 66:915-925.
Bressan, W. (2003). Biological control of maize seed pathogenic fungi by use of
actinomycetes. Biocontrol 48: 233-240.
Broadbent, P., Baker, K. F., Franks, N. and Holland, J., (1977), Effect of Bacillus
spp. on increased growth of seedlings in steamed and in non treated soil.
Phytopathol., 67: 1027-1034.
Broglie, K., I. Chet, M. Holliday, R. Cressman, P. Biddle, S. Knowlton, C. J.
Mauvdis and R. Broglie (1991), Transgenic plants with enhanced
resistance to the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. – Science 254,
1194–1197.
Brunner, K., S. Zeilinger, R. Ciliento, S. L. Woo, M. Lorito, C.P. Kubicek and L.
M. Robert, (2005). Improvement of the fungal biocontrol agent
Trichoderma atroviride to enhance both antagonism and induction of
References 169
plant systemic disease resistance. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 71(7): 3959-
3965.
Burr, T. J., J. L., Norelli, B. Katz, W. F., Wilcox, S. A. Hoying, (1988), Steptomycin -
resistance of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae in apple orchards and its
association with a conjugative plasmid. Phytopathology 78, 410-413
Burr, T. J., Schroth, M. N., and Suslow, T., (1978), Increased potato yields by
treatment of seed pieces with specific strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens
and P. putida. Phytopathol., 68: 1377-1383.
Buyer, J. S., Kratzke, M. G. and Sikora, L. J. (1993). A method for the detection
of pseudobactin, the siderophore produced by a plant-growth-promoting
Pseudornonas strain, in the barley rhizosphere. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
59: 677-681.
Buysens, S., Poppe, J. and H6fte, M. (1994). Role of siderophores in plant growth
stimulation and antagonism by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7NSK2. In
Improving plant productivity with rhizosphere bacteria, M.H. Ryder, P.
M. Stephens and G.D. Bowen (eds.), pp. 139-141, CSIRO, Adelaide.
Cakmakci, R., Kantar, F. and Algur, O. F., (1999), Sugar beet and barley yields in
relation to Bacillus polymyxa and Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum
inoculation. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 162: 437-442.
Campbell, R. and Faull, J. L., (1979), Biological control of Gaeumanomyces
graminis: held trials and the ultrastructure of the interaction between the
fungus and a successful antagonistic bacterium. P. 603-609. In: Soil-
Borne plant Pathogens. (eds. Schippers, B. and Gams, W.) Academic
Press, London/New York/Sanfrancisco, 686 pp.
170
Canbolat, M., Bilen, S., Cakmakci, R., Sahin, F. and Aydin, A., (2006), Effect of
plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and soil compaction on barley
seedling growth, nutrient uptake, soil properties and rhizosphere
microflora. Biol. Fertil. Soil, 42: 350-357.
Cao, L., Qiu, Z., You, J., Tan, H., and Zhou, S. (2005). Isolation and
characterization of endophytic streptomycete antagonists of Fusarium wilt
pathogen from surfacesterilized banana roots. FEMS Microbiology Letters
247: 147-152.
Carruthers, F. L., Conner, A. J. and Mahanty, H. K. (1994), Identification of a
genetic locus in Pseudomonas aureofaciens involved in fungal inhibition.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60, 71-77.
Castle, A., Speranzini, D., Rghei, N., Alm, G., Rinker, D., Bissett, J. (1998).
Morphological and molecular identification of Trichoderma isolates on
North American mushroom farms. Appl Environ Microbiol.64,133–137.
Cattelan A. J., Hartel P. G. and Fuhrmann J. J. (1999), Screening for plant growth-
promoting rhizobacteria to promote early soybean growth. Soil Sci Soc
Am J 63:1670–1680.
Chalfie, M. and Kain, S. (1998), Green Fluorescent Protein: Properties,
Applications, and Protocols. Wiley-Liss, New York.
Chalfie, M., Tu, Y., Euskirchen, G., Ward, W. W., and Prasher, D. C. (1994).
Green fluorescent protein as a marker for gene expression. Science
263:802-805.
Chang P.-F.L., Xu Y., Narasimhan M. L., Cheah K. T., D’Urzo M.P., Damsz B.,
Kononowicz A. K., Abad L., Hasegawa P.M., and Bressan R.A. (1997),
Induction of pathogen resistance and pathogenesis-related genes in
References 171
tobacco by a heat-stable Trichoderma mycelial extract and plant signal
messengers. Physiol. Plant. 100: 341–352.
Chang., C, Chen., C.Y, Hsu Y.H, Wu., J.T, Hu., C.C, Chang., W.C. and Lin., N.S.
(2005). Transgenic resistance to Cymbidium mosaic virus in Dendrobium
expressing the viral capsid protein gene. Transgenic Res 14:41-46.
Chanway, C. P., (1995), Differential response of western hemlock from low and
high elevations to inoculation with plant growth promoting Bacillus
polymyxa. Soil Bio. Biochem., 27: 767-775.
Chen, C., Belanger, R. R., Benhamou, N. and Paullitz, T. C. (2000), Defense
enzymes induced in cucumber roots by treatment with plant-growth
promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 56, 13–23.
Chet, I. (1987). Trichoderma–application, mode of action, and potential as a
biocontrol agent of soilborne plant pathogenic fungi, Wiley & Sons,
NewYork, N.Y., 137-160.
Chet, I., Haldar, Y., Elad, J., Katan and Henis, Y., (1979), Biological control of
soil borne plant pathogens by Trichoderma harzianum. In: Soil Borne
Plant Pathogens.B. Schippers and W. Gams (eds), Academic pres,
NewYork, Pp 585-591.
Chowdary, A. K. (1997) Studies on Sclerotial wilt of bell pepper
(Capsicum annuum L.). M.Sc.(Ag.) Thesis submitted to Acharya
N.G.Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad (A.P).
Cody R. M., Davis N. D., Lin J., Shaw D. (1990), Screening microorganisms for
chitin hydrolysis and production of ethanol from amino sugars. Biomass
21:285–295.
172
Compant, S. (2005), Endophytic colonization of Vitis vinifera L. by plant growth
promoting bacterium Burkholderia sp strain Ps.JN. Appied Environmental
Microbiology. 71: 1685-1693.
Conrath U., Pieterse C. M. J., and Mauch-Mani B., (2002), Priming in plant-
pathogen interactions. Trends Plant Sci. 7: 210–216.
Cook, R. J. and Baker, K. F. (1983). The nature and practice of biological control
of plant pathogens. American Phytopathology Society, St.Paul., MN.
Corbell N. A., and Loper J. E. (1995), A global regulator of secondary metabolite
production in Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. J Bacteriol 177:6230–6236.
Crawford, D. L., Lynch, J. M., Whipps, J. M., and Ousley, M. A. (1993), Isolation
and characterization of actinomycete antagonists of a fungal root
pathogen. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 59(11): 3899-3905.
Crump, D. H., (1998). Biological control of potato and beet cyst nematodes. Asp.
Appl. Biol. 53, 383–386.
Cubitt, A. B., Heim, R., Adams, S.R. and Boyd, A. E. (1995). Trends in
Biochemical Science. 20:448-455.
Czaban, J. Ksiezniak, A. Wroblewska, B.; Paszkowski, W., (2004) An attempt to
protect winter wheat against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici by
using Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus mycoidesv.
Polish Journal of Microbiology 53 (2) p. 101-110.
Das, B. C., Dutta, P. and Devi, G., (2000), Management of Sclerotium rolfsii in
tomato by fungal antagonists. J. Agric. Sci. Society of North East Indian,
13 (1): 101-103.
References 173
Datta, B.S., A.K. Das and S. N. Ghosh, (2004). Fungal antagonists of some plant
pathogens. J. Mycol. Plant Pathol., 42: 15-17.
De Boer, M., Van Der Sluis, I., van Loon, L.C., and Bakker, P.A.H.M., (1999).
Combining fluorescent Pseu.domonas spp. strains to enhance suppression
of Fusarium wilt of radish. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 105, 201–210.
De Freitas, J. R. and J. J. Germida (1992). Growth promotion of winter wheat by
fluorescent pseudomonads under growth chamber conditions. Soil. Biol.
Biochem., vol.24, pp. 1127-1135.
De Freitas, J. R., Banerjee, M. R. and Germida, J. J., (1997), Phosphate-
solubilizing rhizobacteria enhance the growth and yield but not
phosphorus uptake of canola (Brassica napus L.). Biol. Fert. Soil, 24:
358-364.
De La Cruz J, Hidalgo-Gallego A, Lora JM, Benitez T, Pintor-Toro JA, and
Llobell A. (1992). Isolation and characterization of three chitinases from
Trichoderma harzianum. Eur J Biochem. 206:859–867.
De Meyer, G.; J. Bigirimana; Y. Elad and M. Höfte (1998). Induced systemic
resistance in Trichoderma harzianum T39 bio-control of Botrytis cinerea.
Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 104: 279-286.
Dean, R. A., (1985), Induced systemic protection in plants. – Trends BioTechnol.
3, 125–129.
Deb, P.R. and B. K. Dutta (1991), Studies on biological control of foot rot disease
of soyabean caused bySc lerotium rolfsi i Sacc. Zeitschri f fuer
Pflanzenkrankheiten and Pflanzenschutz, 98, 733-745
174
Dennis, C. and Webster, J., (1971), Antagonistic properties of species groups of
Trichoderma II. Production of volatile antibiotics. Transactions of the
British Mycological Society, 57: 41-48.
Deqvaire J. (1976), Improvement of the vanilla plant at Madagascar, Agric
Tropicale et de Botanique Appliquee No.23 7/12, 139158 Translated from
French by INSDOC.
Desai, S. and Schlosser, E., (1999), Parsitism of Sclerotium rolfsii by
Trichoderma. Indian Phytopath., 52 (1) : 47-50.
Devananada, B. J., (2000), Role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on
growth and yield of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) cultivars. M. Sc. (Agri.)
Thesis, Uni. Agric. Sci. Dharwad (India).
Dewa Ngurah Suprapta and Khamdan Khalimi(2009), Efficacy of Plant Extract
Formulations to Suppress Stem Rot Disease on Vanilla Seedlings J.
ISSAAS Vol. 15, No. 2:34-41
Dhingra, O. D., Mizubuti, E.S.G., and Santana, F. M. (2003). Chaetomium
globosum for reducing primary inoculum of Diaporthe phaseolorum f.sp.
meridionalis in soilsurface soybean stubble in field conditions. Biological
Control 26: 302-310.
Dhouiib, A., Hamad, N. and Hassairi, I. (2003). Degradation of anionic
surfactants by Citrobacter braakii. Proc. Biochem. 38, 1245-1250.
Di Pietro, A., Lorito, M., Hayes, C. K., Broadway, R. M., and Harman, G. E.
(1993). Endochitinase from Gliocladium virens: Isolation, characterization,
and synergistic antifungal activity in combination with gliotoxin.
Phytopathology 83:308-313.
References 175
Diby, P., Anandaraj, M., Kumar, A. and Sarma, Y. R., (2005), Antagonistic
mechanisms of fluorescent pseudomonads against Phytophthora capsici in
black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops,
14(2): 122-129.
Dileepkumar, B. S. and Dubey, H. S., (1991), Pant growth promoting activity of
fluorescent pseudomonads from tomato rhizoplane. Ind. J. Exptl. Biol.,
29: 366-370.
Dinakaran, D. (1997). Studies on roof rot of black gram caused by Macrophomina
and its management through mutants of Trichoderma viride. Ph.D. Thesis,
Tamilnadu AgriculturalUnversity, Coimbatore-641 003, p237.
Divakaran, M., Babu, K.N., and Peter, K.V. (2006). Conservation of Vanilla
species, in vitro.Scientia horticulturae 110: 175-180.
Divakaran, M., Pillai, G.S., Babu, K.N., and Peter, K.V. (2008). Isolation and
fusion of protoplasts in Vanilla species. Current Science 94(1): 115-120.
Dowling, D. N. and O’Gara, F., (1994), Metabolites of Pseudomonas involved in
the biocontrol of plant disease. Trends Biotechnol., 12: 133-141
Dubey, S.C. and Patel, B. (2001). Determination of tolerance in Thanatephorus
cucumeris, Trichoderma viride, Gliocladium virens and Rhizobium sp. to
fungicides. Ind Phytopathol 54:98 – 101.
Duffy, B. K. and Defago, G., (1997). Zinc improves biocontrol of Fusarium crown
and root rot of tomato by Pseudomonas fluorescens and represses the
production of pathogen metabolites inhibitory to bacterial antibiotic
biosynthesis. Phytopathology 87, 1250–1257.
176
Duffy, B. K., Simon, A. and Weller, D. M. (1996) Combination of Trichoderma
koningii and fluorescent Pseudomonads for controlling take-all on wheat.
Phytopathology 86: 188-194.
Duijff, B. J., Recorbet, G., Bakker, P., Loper, J. E., and Lemanceau. P. (1999).
Microbial antagonism at the root level is involved in the suppression of
Fusarium wilt by the combination of nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum
Fo47 and Pseudomonas putida WCS358. Phytopathology 89:1073–1079.
Dwivedi, D. and Johri, B. N. (2003). Anti-fungal compounds from florescent
pseudomonads. Biosynthesis and Regulation. Curr. Sci., 85 : 1693-1703.
Earnapalli, V. N., (2005). Screening of antagonistic microorganisms for biological
control of early blight of tomato caused by Alternaria solani. M. Sc.
(Agri.) Thesis, Uni. Agric. Sci. Dharwad (India).formulations of
Pseudomonas fluorescens for control of rice blast. Plant Pathol., 46: 291-
296.
Elad, Y. (1996). Mechanisms involved in the biological control of Botrytis cinerea
incited diseases. Eur J Plant Pathol. 102:719–732.
Elad, Y. and Baker, R. (1985). The role of competition for iron and carbon in
suppression of chlamydospore germination of Fusarium spp.
by Pseudomonasspp. Phytopathology, 75 : 1053–1059
Elad, Y. and Chet, I. (1987). Possible role of competition for nutrients in bio
control of Pythium damping-off by bacteria. Pythopatho., 77: 190-195
Elad, Y., Chet, I. and Henis, Y., (1981). A selective medium for improving
quantitative isolation of Trichoderma spp. from soil. Phytoparasitica. 9:
245–254.
References 177
Elad, Y., Chet, I. and Henis, Y., (1982). Degradation of plant pathogenic fungi by
Trichoderma harzianum. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 28:719-725.
Elad, Y., Rav David, D., Levi, T., Kapat, A., Kirshner, B., Guvrin, E. and Levine,
A. (1998). Trichoderma harzianum T39 mechanisms of biocontrol of
foliar pathogens. In: Lyr H, Russell PE, Dehne HW, Sisler HD, editors.
Modern fungicides and antifungal compounds II. Hampshire, UK:
Intercept Ltd. p. 459–467.
El-Tarabily, K. A. and Sivasithamparam, K. (2006). Non-streptomycete
actinomycetes as biocontrol agents of soil-borne fungal plant pathogens and
as plant growth promoters.Soil Biology & Biochemistry. 38: 1,505-1,520.
Enebak, S. A., and Carey, W. A. (2000). Evidence for induced systemic protection
to Fusarium rust in Loblolly pine by plant growth promoting rhizosphere.
Plant Dis. 84:306- 308.
Errampalli, D., Okamura, H., Lee, H., Trevors, J.T. and van Elsas, J. D., (1998).
Green fluorescent protein as a marker to monitor survival of
phenanthrene-mineralizing Pseudomonas sp. UG14Gr in creosote-
contaminated soil. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 26: 181–191.
Erwin C.D. and Ribeiro O.K. (1996). Phytophthora Diseases World Wide. APS
Press. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota.
Esitken, A.; H. E. Yildiz; S. Ercisli; M.F. Donmez; M. Turan and A. Gunes
(2010). Effects of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) on yield,
growth and nutrient contents of organically grown strawberry. Scientia
Horticulturae, 124: 62-66
Etebarian, H. R., (1992). Studies on Fusarium wilt of tomato its chemical control
in varamin soil. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 23:1-14.
178
Fakhrunnisa, Hashmi. M. H. and A. Ghaffar. (2006), In Vitro interaction of
Fusarium spp., with their fungi. Pak.J. Bot., 38(4):1317-1322.
Fravel D (2007), Commercialization of biocontrol agents for use against plant
pathogens. In: IX Reunia˜o Brasileira sobre Controle Biolo´gico de
Doenc¸as de Plantas, Campinas, S. Paulo, Brasil, CD-ROM, pp 1–2.
Fravel D. R., Rodes D. J., Larkin P. R. (1999). Production and commercialization of
biocontrol products. In: Albajes R, Gullino ML, van Lenteren JC, Elad Y,
editors. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p.
365–376.
Fravel, D. R. and Lewis, J. A. (2004). Effect of label and sublabel rates of metam
sodium in combination with Trichoderma hamatum, T. harzianum, T.
virens, T. viride on survival and growth of Rhizoctonia solani.
Phytoparasitica. 32: 111–118.
Fravel, D. R., (1988). The role of antibiosis in biocontrol of plant diseases. Annu.
Rev. Phytopathol. 26, 75–91.
Fridlender, M., Inbar, J. and Chet, I., (1993), Biological control of soil borne plant
pathogens by a -1, 3, glucanase- producing Pseudomonas cepacia. Soil
Biology and Biochemistry, 25:1211-1221.
Frommel, M. I.; J. Nowak and G. Lazarovits (1993). Treatment of potato tubers with a
growth promoting Pseudomonas sp.: Plant growth responses and bacterium
distribution in the rhizosphere. Plant .Soil.,vol.150 (1),pp.51- 60.
Fukui, R., Poinar, E.I., Bauer, P.H., Schroth, M.N., Hendson, M., et al. (1994),
Spatial colonization patterns and interaction of bacteria on inoculated
sugar beet seed. Phytopathology, 84: 1338-1345.
References 179
Gaffney T. D., Lam S. T., Ligon J., Gates K., Frazelle A., Di Maio J., Hill S.,
Goodwin S., Torkewitz N., and Allshouse A. M., (1994), Global regulation
of expression of antifungal factors by a Pseudomonas fluorescens biological
control strain. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. Jul-Aug;7(4):455-63
Gage, D. J., Bobo, T., and Long. S. R. (1996). Use of green fluorescent protein to
visualize the early events of symbiosis between Rhizobium meliloti and
alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Journal of Bacteriology. 178:7159-7166.
Gaikwad, A. P. and C. A. Nimbalkar, (2003), Mangement of collar and root rot
(Rhizoctonia solani) of bell pepper with bioagent (Trichoderma spp.) and
fungicides. J. Maharastra Agric. Univ., 28, 270-273.
Gailite, A, Ineta Samsone, and Gederts Ievins. (2005), Ethylene is involved in
Trichoderma-induced resistance of bean plants against Pseudomonas
syringae. Acta Universitatis Latviensis, vol. 691, Biology, pp. 59–70.
Gamalero, E., Lingua, G., Tombolini, R., Avidano, L., Pivato, B. and Berta, G.
(2005). Colonization of tomato root seeding by Pseudomonas fluorescens
92 rkG5: Spatiotemporal dynamics, localization, organization, viability, and
culturability. Microbial Ecology. 50:289-27.
Ganesan, P. and Gnanamanickam, S. S., (1987), Biological control of Sclerotium
rolfsii Sacc. In peanut by inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens. Soil
Bio. Biochem., 19(1) : 35-38.
Geels, F. P. and Schippers, B. (1983), Selection of Antagonistic Fluorescent
Pseudomonas spp. and Their Root Colonization and Persistence
Following Treatment of Seed Potatoes. Phytopathol. Z. 108: 193-206
Gesheva, V. (2002), Rhizosphere microflora of some citrus as a source of
antagonistic actinomycetes. Eur J Soil Biol 38: 85-88.
180
Glick B. R. (1995), The enhancement of plant-growth by free-living bacteria. Can
J Microbiol 41:109–117
Glick B. R., Karaturovic D. M., and Newell P. C. (1995), A novel procedure for
rapid isolation of plant growth promoting Pseudomonas. Can J Microbiol
41:533–536
Glick B. R., Patten C. L., Holgin G., and Penrose D. M. (1999), Biochemical and
genetic mechanisms used by plant growth promoting bacteria. Imperial
College Press, London, 267 p.
Gohel V., Megha C, Vyas P., and Chhatpar H. S. (2004). Strain improvement of
chitinoiytic enzyme producing isolate Pantoea dispersa for enhancing its
biocontrol potential against fungal plant pathogens. Ann. Microbiol., 54
(4): 503-515.
Gotz, M., Gomes, N.C., Dratwinski, A., Costa, R., Berg, G., Peixoto, R.,
Mendonca-Hagler, L., and Smalla, K. (2006). Survival of gfp-tagged
antagonistic bacteria in the rhizosphere of tomato plants and their effects
on the indigenous bacterial community. FEMS Microbiology Ecology.
56: 207-218.
Gravel, V., H. Antoun and R. Tweddell, (2006). The plant growth regulation
society of America quarterly reports on plant growth regulation and
activities of the PGRSA. 34; No. 2.
Gravel, V.; C. Martinez; H. Antoun and R. J. Tweddell (2004). Evaluation of
antagonistic microorganisms as bio-control agents of root rot (Pythium
ultimum) of greenhouse tomatoes in rock wool. Can. J. Plant Pathol., 26:
152-159.
References 181
Grinyer J., McKay M., Nevalainen H., Herbert B. R. (2004). Fungal proteomics:
initial mapping of biological control strain Trichoderma harzianum. Curr
Genet. Mar;45(3):163-9.
Grisoni M., Davidson F., Hyrondelle C., Farreyrol K., Caruana M. L., Pearson M.
(2004), Nature, incidence, and symptomatology of viruses infecting
Vanilla tahitensis in French Polynesia. Plant Dis 88:199-124.
Guetsky, R., Stienberg, D., Elad, Y., Fischer, E. and Dinoor, A. (2002). Improving
biological control by combining biocontrol agents each with several
mechanisms of disease suppression. Phytopathology 92:976-985.
Gupta, S. K. and R. K. Agarwal. (1998). Biological control of Sclerotinia stalk rot
of cauliflower. Ind. J. Plant Pathol., 6, 71-74.
Gutterson N (1990) Microbial fungicides: Recent approaches to elu- cidating
mechanisms. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 10, 69-91
Haas D., Keel C., Reimmann C. (2002). Signal transduction in plant-beneficial
rhizobacteria with biocontrol properties. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.
81:385–395.
Haas, D. and G. Defago. (2005). Biological Control of Soil-Borne Pathogens by
Fluorescent Pseudomonads. www.Nature.Com/Reviews/Micro.
Hajlaoui, M. R., D. Diop and M. Cherif (2001). Contribution to biological
control of Sclerotinia blight cause by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de
Bary. Al Awamia, 104, 85-101.
Hamada, A.M. and Hashem, M., (2003). Thiamin and salicylic acid as biological
alternatives for control wheat root-rot. Egypt. J. Agric. Res. NRC 1, 369–385.
182
Hammerschmidt, R. and Nicholson, R. L. (2000), A survey of plant defence
responses to pathogens, A.A. Agrawal, S. Tuzun, E. Bent, Editors ,
Induced Plant Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores, APS Press,
Minneapolis, USA (2000), pp. 55–71.
Hammerschmidt, R., Nuckles, E. M. and Kuc, J. (1982), Association of enhanced
peroxidase activity with in duced systemic r esistan ce of cucumber to
Colletotrichum lagenarium. Physiology and Plant Pathology, 20: 73-82.
Harinath Naidu. (2000), Crossandra - a new host record for Sclerotium rolfsii.
Indian Phytopathology 53: 496-497.
Harman, G. E. (2000), Myths a dogmas of biocontrol: Changes in the perceptions
derived from the research of Trichoderma harzianum T-22. Plant Dis., 84,
337-393
Harman, G. E., C. R. Howell, A. Viterbo, I. Chet and I. M. Lorito, (2004),
Trichoderma species-Opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts. Nature
Rev., 2, 43-56.
Harman, G. E., C. R. Howell, A. Viterbo, I. Chet and I.M. Lorito, (2004),
Trichoderma species-Opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts. Nature
Rev., 2, 43-56.
Heim, R., Prasher, D.C. and Tsien, R.Y. (1994). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
91:12501-12504
Henis, Y., Adams, P. B., Lewis, J. A. and Papavizas, G. C. (1983), Penetration of
sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii by Trichoderma spp. Phytopathology
73:1043-1046.
References 183
Henni , J. E., Biosson, C. and Gieger, J .P. (1994). Variability in the morphology
of fusarium oxysporum f .sp lycopersici. Phytopath Medit. 33:51-58
Hermosa, M.R., Grondona, I., Iturriaga, E.A., Díaz-Minguez, J.M., Castro, C.,
Monte, E. and García-Acha, I. (2000), Applied and Environmental
Microbiology . 66:1890-1898
Hill, D. S., Stein, J. I., Morse, A. M. and Howell, C. R., (1994), cloning of genes
involved in the synthesis of pyrrolnitrin from Pseudomonas fluorescens
and role of pyrrolnitrin synthesis in biological control of plant disease.
Applied Environ. Microbiol., 60: 78-85.
Hoffland E., Hakulinem J., and Van Pelt J. A., (1996), Comparison of systemic
resistance induced by avirulent and nonpathogenic Pseudomonas species.
Phytopathology 86, 757–62.
Hoffland, E., C. M. J. Pieterse, L. Bik, and J. A. van Pelt (1995), Induced systemic
resistance in radish is not associated with accumulation of pathogenesis-
related proteins. – Physiol. Mol. Pl. Pathol. 46, 309–320.
Hoffmann-Hergarten, S., Gulati, M. and Sikora, R. A., (1998), Yield response and
biological control of Meloidogyne incognita on lettuce and tomato with
rhizobacteria. Z. Pflkrankh Pflschutz, 105(4) : 349-358.
Hofte, M., Seong, K. Y., Jurkeuitch, E. and Verstracte, W., (1991), Pyoverdin
production by the plant growth beneficial Pseudomonas strain 7NSK-2 :
Ecological significance in soil. Plant and Soil, 130: 249-257.
Horwitz, M., Reid, J. and Ogrydziak, D. (1984), Genetic improvement of
chitinase production by Serratia marcescens. In Chitin, Chifosan nase
genes can arise by transposition of sequences encoding a cysteine-rich
domain. Plant Molecular Biology 14, 357-368.
184
Howell, C. R., (2003). Mechanisms employed by Trichoderma species in the
biological control of plant diseases: the history and evolution of current
concepts. Plant Dis. 87, 4–10.
Howell, C. R., Hanson, L. E., Stipanovic, R. D., and Puckhaber, L. S. (2000),
Induction of terpenoid synthesis in cotton roots and control of Rhizoctonia
solani by seed treatment with Trichoderma virens. Phytopathology,
90:248- 252.
Howie, W. and Suslow, T. (1991). Role of antibiotic biosynthesis in the inhibition
of Pythium uItimum in the cotton spermosphere and rhizosphere by
Pseudomonas fluorescens. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 4:393-399.
Huang C. J., and Chen C. Y. (2004). Gene cloning and biochemical char-
acterization of chitinase CH from Bacillus cereus 28-9. Ann. Microbiol.,
54 (3): 289-297.
Hutchinson, S. A. and Cowan, M. E., (1972), Identification of biological effects of
volaile metabolites from culture of Trichoderma harzianum. Trans.
British. Mysol. Soc., 59: 71-77.
Inacio , M. L., Silva, G. H., Teles, H. L., Trevisan, H. C., Cavalheiro, A. J.,
Bolzani, V. da.S., Young, M.C.M., Pfenning, L.H., and Araújo, Á.R.
(2006). Antifungal metabolites from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, an
endophytic fungus in Cryptocarya mandioccana Nees (Lauraceae).
Biochem Syst Ecol 34: 822-824.
Inbar J, Abramsky M, Coen D, and Chet I (1994). Plant growth enhancement and
disease control by Trichoderma harzianum in vegetable seedlings grown
under commercial conditions. Eur J Plant Pathol 100: 337-346.
References 185
Inouye, S., and Tsuji, F.I., (1994), Evidence for redox forms of the Aequorea
green fluorescent protein. FEBS Lett. 351, 211–214.
Istifadah, N. and Mcgee, P. A. (2006), Endophytic Chaetomium globosum reduces
development of tan spot in wheat caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis.
Australasian Plant Pathology 35: 411-418.
Jackson, M. L. (1973), Soil chemical analysis. Prentice Hall, New Delhi, India.
Jadhav, D., Rekha, B. N., Gogate, P. R., and Rathod, V. K. (2009). Extraction of
vanillin from vanilla pods: A comparison study of conventional soxhlet
and ultrasound assisted extraction. J Food Eng 93: 421-426.
Jagadish, D. R., (2006), Evaluation of different methods of application of
Pseudomonas B-25 strain for biological control of early blight of tomato
caused by Alternaria solani Mill. M. Sc. (Agri.) Thesis, Uni. Agric. Sci.
Dharwad (India).
Janda, G., Szalai, I., Tari and Paldi, E. (1999). Hydroponic treatment with salicylic
acid decreases the effects of chilling injury in maize (Zea mays L.) plants.
Planta, 208 (1999), pp. 175–180.
Janisiewicz, W.J. and Bors, B., (1995). Development of microbial community of
bacterial and yeast antagonists to control wound-invading post harvest
pathogens of fruits. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 3261e3267.
Jayarajan, R., G. Ramakrishnan and P. Sangeetha. (1991). Efficacy of
Trichoderma as biocontrol agent for root-rot disease of grain legumes.
Petria, 1: 43.
Jayawijaya, L. F. (2003). Crude extract of Piper betle L. to control the stem rot
disease on vanilla seedlings. Graduate Scientific Paper. Department of
186
Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University, Denpasar
(in Indonesian language).
Jeyalakshmi, D., Durairaj, P., Seetharaman, K. and Sivaprakasam, K., (1998),
Biocontrol of fruit rot and die back of chilli using antagonistic
microorganisms.Indian Phytopathology, 51: 180-183.
Jeyarajan R, Ramakrishnan G, Dinakaran D, Sridar R. (1994). Development of
products of Trichoderma viride and Bacillus subtilis for biocontrol of root
rot diseases. In: Dwivedi, editor. Biotechnology in India. Allahabad,
India: Bioved Research Society. p. 25–36.
Joshi, B.B., Bhatt R. P. and Bahukhandi D. (2010), Antagonistic and plant growth
activity of Trichoderma isolates of Western Himalayas. Journal of
Environmental Biology. 31(6): 921-928.
Kaleli I, Cevahir N, Demir M, Yildirim U and Sahin R. (2007). Anticandidal
activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical
specimens. Mycoses 50: 74-78.
Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr A, M. Hashem B, and E. H. (2009), Ali Integrated
control of cotton root rot disease by mixing fungal biocontrol agents and
resistance inducers Crop Protection 28, 295–301
Kandan, A., Ramaiah, M., Vasanthi, V.J., Radjacammare, R., Nandakumar, R.,
Ramanathan, A. And Samiyappan, R., (2005), Use of Pseudomonas
fluorescens-based formulation for management of tomato spotted wilt
virus (TSMV) and enhanced yield in tomato. Biocontrol Sci. Tech., 15:
553-569.
References 187
Kapat, A., Zimand, G., and Elad, Y. (1998). Effect of two isolates of Trichoderma
harzianum on the activity of hydrolytic enzymes produced by Botrytis
cinerea. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 52:127-137.
Karkachi N. E., Gharbi S., Kihal M. and Henni J.E. (2011), Biological control of
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici isolated from algerian tomato by
Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus cereus, Serratia marcescens and
Trichoderma harzianum. Res.J. Agron., 4(2), s. 31-34.
Karthikeyan, A., K. Shailendra, K. Surinder, S. Kumar and S. Kumar. (2003),
Trichoderma viride a mycoparasite for the control of Phytophthora
cinnamomi. Indian- Forester. 129(5): 631-34.
Karthikeyan, V., Sankaralingam, A. and Nakkeeran, S., (2006), Biological control
of groundnut stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Archives of
Phytopath. and Pl. Protec., 39 (3) : 239-246.
Kaur, P., J. Kaur, M. Kaur and R. S. Singh, (2003), Effect of non-volatile
compounds of Trichoderma isolates on the colony growth of
Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum causing Charcolrot
and Wilt of chillies. Proceedings and annual meeting and symposium:
Integerated Plant disease Management through ecofriendly stratigies”.
PP:83-87.
Keel, C. and Defago, G., (1997), Interactions between beneficial soil bacteria and
root pathogens: mechanisms and ecological impact. In: Multitrophic
Interactions in Terrestrial System, Eds. Gange, A.C., Brown, V.K.,
Oxford Blackwell Science, pp.27-47.
Keel, C., Schnider, U., Maurhofer, M., Voisard, C., Laville, J., Burger, U.,
Wirthner, P., Haas, D. and D6fago, G. (1992), Suppression of root
diseases by Pseudomonas fluorescens CHAO: importance of the bacterial
188
secondary metabolite 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol. Molec. Plant-Microbe
Interact. 5: 4-13.
Kloepper J. W., Tuzun S., Ku´c J. A. (1992), Proposed definitions related to
induced resistance. Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 2:349–51
Kloepper, J. W. and Schroth, M. N., (1978), Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria
on radish. In : Proc. of the Fourth Int. Conference on Plant Pathogenic
Bacteria, Vol. 2, Angers, A. B. and Gibert, Tennesse, USA, pp. 879-882.
Kloepper, J. W., Leong, J., Teintze, M. and Schroth, M. N., (1980), Pseudomonas
siderophores: A mechanism explaining disease suppressive soils. Curr.
Microbiol., 4: 317- 320.
Kloepper, J. W., Rodriguez-Kabana, R., Mc Inroy, J.A., and Young, R.W., (1992).
Rhizospheric bacteria antagonistic to soybean cyst (Heterodera glycines)
and root-knot (Meloidogyne incognita) nematodes: Identification by fatty
acid analysis and frequency of biological control activity. Plant and Soil,
139:75-84.
Kloepper, J.W., Tipping, E.M., and Lifshitz, R. (1991). Plant growth promotion
mediated by bacterial rhizosphere colonizers. In:The Rhizosphere and
Plant Growth. pp. 315-326. Keister, D.L. and Cregan, P.B. Kluwer
Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. The Netherlands.
Kokalis-Burelle, N., Vavrina, C. S., Rosskopf, E. N., and Shelby, R. A., (2002),
Field evaluation of plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria amended
transplant mixes and soil solarization for tomato and pepper production in
Florida, Plant Soil 238:257-266.
Krauss U., and Soberanis W. (2001), Biocontrol of cocoa pod diseases with
mycoparasite mixtures.Biol Cont. 22:149–158.
References 189
Krishna, K. G., Pande, S. and Podile, (2003), Seed bacterization with PGPR and
phylloplane bacteria promotes growth and increases yield in groundnut.
6th Int. PGPR Workshop, 5-10 October, Calicut, India.
Krishnamurthy J., Vidhyasekharan, P., Samiyappan, R., Nakkeeran, S.,Rajeswari,
E. and Raja, J. A. J., (1999) Journal of Biosciences, 24(2): 207 –213.
Kubicek, C. P., Mach, R. L., Peterbauer, C. K. and Lorito, M. (2001).
Trichoderma: From genes to biocontrol. J. Plant Pathol.83:11-23.
Kucuk, C. And Kivane , M. (2003). Isolation of Trichoderma spp. and
determination of their antifungal, biochemical and physiological features.
Turkish J. Biol., 27, 247-253.
Kulling, C., Szakacs, G. and Kubicek, C. (2000), Molecular identification of
Trichoderma species from Russia, Siberia and the Himalaya. Mycological
Research. Vol. 104, No. 9, (December 1999), pp. 1117-1125, ISSN 1469-
8102.
Kuruvilla, R., Zweifel, L. S., Glebova, N. O., Lonze, B. E., Valdez, G., Ye, H.
And Ginty, D. D. (2004). A neurotrophin signaling cascade coordinates
sympathetic neuron development through differential control of TrkA
trafficking and retrograde signaling. Cell 118, 243-255
Lagopodi, A. L., Ram, A.F.J., Lamers, G.E.M., Punt, P.J., van den Hondel, C.A.
M.J., Lugtenberg, B. J.J. and Bloemberg, G. V. (2002). Confocal laser
scanning microscopical analysis of tomato root colonization and infection
by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici the green fluorescent
protein as a marker. Molecular Plant- Microbe Interactions. 15: 172-179.
Lam B. S., Strobel G. A., Harrison L. A. and Lam S. R. (1987), Transposon
mutagenesis and tagging of a fluorescent Pseudomonas: antimycotic
190
production is necessary for control of Dutch Elm disease. Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 84, 6447-6451.
Latha, P., Ananda. T., Prakasama. V., Jonathanb, (2011) . E. I., Paramathmac
M.and Samiyappan R. Combining Pseudomonas, Bacillus and
Trichoderma strains with organic amendments and micronutrient to
enhance suppression of collar and root rot disease in physic nut Applied
Soil Ecology 49 215– 223
Laville, J., Voisard, C., Keel, C. Maurhofer, M., Defago, G. and Haas, D. (1992).
Global control in Pseudomonas fluorescens mediating antibiotic synthesis
and suppression of black root rot of tobacco. Proc. Nail. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
89: 1562- 1566.
Leeman, M., Van Pelt, J. A., Den Ouden, F.M., Heinsbroek, M., Bakker,
P.A.H.M. and Schippers, B., (1995), Induction of systemic resistance
against fusarium wilt of radish by lipopolysachcarrides of Pseudomonas
fluorescens. Phytopathol., 85: 1021-1027.
Leemanceau, P. and C. Alabouvette (1991), Biological control of Fusarium
disease by fluorescent pseudomonas and nonpathogenic Fusarium. Crop.
Protect., 10, 279-286.
Leong, J., (1986), Siderophores: their biochemistry and possible role in the
biocontrol of plant pathogens. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 24: 187-209.
Lewis, J. A. and G. C. Papavizas (1984), Chlamydospores formation by
Trichoderma spp. In natural substrates. Can. J. Microbiol., 30, 1-7.
Li, L. and Steffens J. C., (2002), Overexpression of polyphenol oxidase in
transgenic tomato plants results in enhanced bacterial disease resistance.
Planta 215: 239–247.
References 191
Li, M. Y., G. J. Wang, T. F. Li and K. Liu (2001), Selection for Trichoderma
isolates applicable in biocontrol of major fungal diseases of tobacco. J.
Southwest Agric. Univ., 23, 10-12.
Linda, E.H., (2000). Reduction of Verticillium wilt symptoms in cotton following
seed treatment with Trichoderma virens. J. Cotton Sci., 4: 224-231.
Liu, L., Kloepper, J. W. and Tuzun, S. (1995). Induction of systemic resistance in
cucumber against bacterial angualar leaf spot by plant growth-promoting
rhizobacteria. Phytopathol. 85:843-847.
Loper, J.E., (1988), Role of fluorescent siderophore production in biocontrol of
Pythium ultimum by a Pseudomonas fluorescens strain. Phytopathology,
78:166-172.
Lorito M., Hayes C.K., di Pietro A., Woo S. L., Harman G E. (1994), Purification,
characterization and synergistic activity of a glucan 1,3-b glucosidase and
Nacetyl-b-glucosaminidase from Trichoderma harzianum. Phytopathology.
84:398–405.
Lucy, M., Reed, E. and Glick, B. R., (2004), Applications of free living plant
growth promoting rhizobacteria. Antonie Vanleewenhoek, 86(1): 11-25.
Lugtenberg, B; T. Chin-A-Woeng and G. Bloemberg (2002). Microbe–plant
interactions: principles and mechanisms. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek,
vol.81,pp. 373–383.
Lutz, M. P., Wenger, S., Maurhofer, M., De´ fago, G., and Duffy, B., (2004),
Signaling between bacterial and fungal biocontrol agents in a strain
mixture. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol.48, 447–455.
192
M’Piga P., B´elanger R. R., Paulitz T. C., and Benhamou N. (1997). Increased
resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Radicislycopersici in tomato
plants treated with the endophytic bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens
strain 63-28. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 50:301–20
Ma, Y., Chang, Z. Z., Zhao, J. T., and Zhou, M. G. (2008), Antifungal activity of
Penicillium striatisporum Pst10 and its biocontrol effect on Phytophthora
root rot of chilli pepper. Biological Control 44: 24-31.
Malmstrøm, J., Christophersen, C., Barrero, A. F., Oltra, J. E., Justicia, J. and
Rosales, A. (2002), Bioactive Metabolites from a marine-derived strain of
the fungus Emericella variecolor.Journal of Natural Product 65(3): 364-
367.
Manczinger, L., Z. Antal and L. Kredics (2002), Ecophysiology and breeding of
mycoparacitic Trichoderma strains (a review). Acta Microbiologica et
Immunologica Hungarica, 49, 1-14.
Manjula K., Krishna Kishore G., Girish A. G. and Singh S. D. (2004), Combined
Application of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride has an
Improved Biocontrol Activity Against Stem Rot in GroundnutPlant
Pathol. J. 20(1): 75-80
Manwar, A. V., Khandelwal, S.R., Chaudhari, B. L., Meyer, J. M. and Chincholkar, S.
B., (2004), Siderophore production by a marine Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and its antagonistic action against phytopathogenic fungi. Applied Biochem.
Biotechnol., 118: 243-252.
Mathre, D. E., Cook, R. J., and Callan, N.W., (1999), from discovery to use—
traversing the world of commercializing biocontrol agents for plant
disease control. Plant Dis. 83, 972–983.
References 193
Matus, A. (1999), GFP in motion CD-ROM-Introduction: GFP illuminates
everything. Trends Cell Biol. 9:43.
Matz, M. M. V., Fradkov, A. F., Labas, Y. A., Savitsky, A. P., Zaraisky, A. G.,
Markelov, M. L., and Lukyanov, S. A. (1999), Fluorescent proteins from
nonbioluminescent Anthozoa species. Nat. Biotechnol. 17:969-973.
Mauch, F., B. Mauch-Mani, T. Boller (1988), Antifungal hydrolases in pea tissue:
II Inhibition of fungal growth by combinations of chitinase and two 1,3-
glucanases. – Pl. Physiol. 87, 936–942.
Maurhofer M, Keel C, Haas D and De´fago G (1994), Pyoluteorin production by
Pseudomonas spp strain CHA0 is involved in the suppression of Pythium
damping-off of cress but not cucumber. European Journal of Plant
Pathology 100: 221–232.
May, L. L. and Kimati, H. (2000). Phytophthora parasitica control with
fungicides and effect of these products in the mycelial growth of
Trichoderma. Summa Phytopaihologica., 26: 52
Mazzola, M., Fujimoto, D. K., Thomashow, L. S. and Cook, R. J., (1995),
Variation in sensitivity of Gaeumannomyces graminis to antibiotics
produced by fluorescent pseudomonads species and effect on biological
control of take-all disease. Appl.Environ. Microbiol., 41: 895-901.
Meena, B., Ramamoorthy, V. and Muthusamy, M., (2001), Influence of organic
amendments on the antagonistic population and their effect on sclerotial
wilt of jasmine. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica.
36(3/4): 299-309.
194
Megha, Y. J., (2006), Functional and molecular diversity of fluorescent
pseudomonads from the soils of Western Ghats of Uttara Kannada district,
M.Sc thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
Mejía, L. C., Rojas, E. I., Maynard, Z., Bael, S.V., Arnold, A.E., Hebbar, P.,
Samuels, G.J., Robbins, N. and Herre, E.A. (2008), Endophytic fungi as
biocontrol agents of Theobroma cacao pathogens. Biological Control 44:
4-14.
Mercier, J. and D. C. Manker (2005), Bio-control of soil borne diseases and plant
growth enhancement in greenhouse soilless mix by the volatile-producing
fungus Muscodor albus. Crop Protection, 24: 355-362.
Meyer, S.L.F. and Roberts, D. P., (2002), Combinations of biocontrol agents for
management of plant-parasitic nematodes and soilborne plant-pathogenic
fungi. J. Nematol.34, 1–8.
Michereff, S. J., Silveira, N.S.S. and Mariano, R.L.R., (1994), Antagonism of
bacteria to Colletotrichum graminicola and potential for biocontrol of
sorghum anthracnose.Fitopatologia Brasileira, 19: 541-545.
Michrina, J., A. Michalikova, T. Rohaic and R. Kulichova, (1995), Antibiosis as a
possible mechanisim of antagonistic action of T. harzianum against F.
culmorum.Ochrana-Rostlin 31(3):177-84.
Migheli, Q., Gonzalez-Candelas, L., Dealessi, L., Camponogara, A., and Ramon-
Vidal, D. (1998), Transformants of Trichoderma longibrachiatum
overexpressing the 1,4-endoglucanase gene egl1 show enhanced
biocontrol of Pythium ultimum on cucumber. Phytopathology 88:673-677.
References 195
Milner, J. L., Silo-Suh, L., Lee, J.C., He, H., Clardy, J. and Handelsman, J.,
(1996), Production of kanosamine by Bacillus cereus UW85. Appl.
Environ. Microbiol., 62: 3061- 3065
Mohan, L., Paranidharan, V. and Prema, S. (2000) New diseases of timla fig
(Ficus auriculata) in India. Indian Phytopathology 53: 496.
Mora, A. and Earle, E.D. (2001). Combination of Trichoderma harzianum
endochitinase and a membrane-affecting fungicide on control of
Alternaria leaf spot in transgenic broccoli plants.Appl. Microbiol.
Biotechnol., 55: 306-310.
Mujeebur, Khan R., Shahana, M. Khan and F.A. Mohiddin, (2004). Biological
control of fusarium wilt of chickpea through seed treatment with the
commercial formulation of Trichoderma harzianum and/or Pseudomonas
fluorescens. Phytopathol Mediterr, 43: 20-25.
Mukherjee, P. K. (1993), Biological control of collar rot, dry root rot, wilt and
gray mold of chickpea. In: Legumes pathology progress report no. 20 of
ICRISAT, Patencheru, India from July 23rd, (1992) to March 22nd,
(1993).p. 36.
Murhofer, M., Hae, C., Meuwly, P., Metraux, J.P. and Defago, G., (1994),
Induction of systemic resistance of tobacco to Tobacco necrosis virus by
the root-colonizing Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CHAO : Influence of
the gacA gene and of pyoverdine production. Phytopathol., 84: 139-146.
Muthamilan, M. and Jeyarajan, R. (1996), Integrated management of Sclerotium
root rot of groundnut involving Trichoderma harzianum, Rhizobium and
Carbendazim. Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology. 26: 204-
209.
196
Nagarajkumar M., Bhaskaran R., Velazhahan R. (2004), Involvement of
secondary metabolites and extracellular lytic enzymes produced by
Pseudomonas fluorescens in inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani, the rice
sheath blight pathogen. Microbiol Res. (2004); 159(1):73-81.
Naik, G. B., Nagaraja R., Basavaraja M.K. and Krishna Naik R. (2010),
Variability studies of Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Vanillae isolates. Vol.
1(1): 12-16.
Nandakumar, R., Babu, S., Viswanathan, R., Raguchander, T. and Samiyappan, R.
(2001). Induction of systemic resistance in rice against sheath blight
disease by Pseudomonas fluorescens. Soil Biology Biochem, 33: 603-
612.
Nandakumar, R., Raghuchander, T. and Samiyappan R. (1998). Induction Of
systemic resistance in rice with some fluorescent pseudomonads for the
management of health blight disease. Symposium on Integrated
Management and Crop Loss Assessment, Dec. 10-12, u, Bangalore, p.16.
Narawan, A. (1990), Pathogenicity test of Fusarium oxysporum in different crops.
Pemberituan Penelitian Tannaman Indutri, 16: 50-52
Narayana Bhat and Srivastava, L. S. (2003) Evaluation of some fungicides and
neem formulations against six soil-borne pathogens and three
Trichoderma spp. in vitro. Plant Disease Research. 18: 56-59.
Neilands, J.B. (1981). Microbial iron compounds. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 50: 715-
731.
Nickell, L.G., (1983). The Role of Growth Regulators and Hormones in
Enhancing Food Production. Chemistry and World Food Supplies. The
New Frontiers. Pergamon Press, pp. 601–606.
References 197
Niknejad, M., Sharfi-Tehani, A. and Okhovat, M. (2000). Effect of antagonistic
fungi Trichoderma spp. on the control of Fusarium wilt of tomato caused
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici under greenhouse conditions.
Iranian Agric. Sci., 1: 31 - 37.
Niranjan Raj, S., Chaluvaraju, G., Amruthesh, K.N., Shetty, H.S., Reddy, M.S.
and Kloepper, J.W., (2003), Induction growth promotion and resistance
against downy mildew of pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum) by
rhizobacteria. Plant Disease, 87: 380-384.
Olivain, C., C. Alabouvette and C. Steinberg. (2004). Production of A Mixed
Inoculum of Fusarium oxysporum Fo47 and Pseudomonas fluorescens C7
to Control Fusarium Diseases. Biocontrol Sci. Techn., 14, 3: 227-238.
Omorusi, V.I., G.A. Evueh and N.O. Ogbebor, (2007). In vitro assessment of
biological control of white root rot of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.
Arg.) by antagonistic fungi. In: roceed. 5th Int. Conf. Nigerian Soc. Exp.
Biol. Anyigba, Vol. 5, pp: 5–6
O'Sullivan, D. J. and O'Gara, F. (1992). Traits of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp.
involved in suppression of plant root pathogens. Microbiol. Rev. 56:662-
676.
Pal, K. K., Saxena, A. K. and Tilak, K.V.B.R., (1996), Biological control of some
maize root diseases. 37th Annual Conf. Assoc. Microbiol. India, Dec. 4-6,
IIT, Chennai, p.138.
Pal, K.K., (1995), Rhizobacteria as biological control agents for soil borne plant
pathogens.Ph.D. Thesis, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New
Delhi, India.
198
Pal, V. and Jalalil, I, (1998) Rhizosphere bacteria for Biocontrol of Plant Diseases.
Indian Journal of Microbiology, 38:187-204
Palomar, M. K., Y. C. Mangaoang, V. G. Palermo, G. E. Escuadra and. Posas,
M.B. (2002), Biocontrol of root crop diseases through microbial
antagonism. In: Microbial Biotechnology in the Asia- Pacific Region:
Prospectus and Challenges for the 21st Century”: Proceedings of the 4th
Asia- Pacific Biotechnology Congress and 30th Annual Convention of the
PSM, Inc. College, Laguna, Philippines. p. 322
Pandey, K.K. and J.P. Uapadhyay. (1997), Selection of potential biocontrol agents
based on production of volatile and non volatile antibiotics. Veg. Sci,
24(2):140- 143.
Papavizas GC. (1985), Trichoderama and Gliocladium: Biological, ecology and
potential for biocontrol. Annu Rev Phytopathol. 23:23–54.
Park, J. H., Choi, G.J., Jang, K. S., Lim, H.K., Kim, H.T., Cho, K.Y., and Kim,
J.C. (2005), Antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi of
chaetoviridins isolated from Chaetomium globosum. FEMS Microbiology
Letters 252: 309-313.
Paulitz, T. C. and J. E. Loper. 1991. Lack of role for siderophore production in the
biological control of Pythium damping - off of cucumber by a strain of
Pseudomonas putida. Phytopathology, 81: 130-135.
Paulitz, T.C. and Matta, A., (2000), The role of the host in biological control of
diseases. In: Albajes, R., Gullino, M.L., van Lenteren, J.C., Elad,Y.
(Eds.), Kluwer Academic Publisher, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp.
394}410.
References 199
Phillip., S. (1980), Wilt of Vanilla planifolia caused by Fusarium oxysporum
Sch1. Ex. Fries f. sp. vasinfeetum. Agric. Res. J. Kerala 18: 139-140.
Phongpaichit, S., Rungjindamai, N., Rukachaisirikul, V., and Sakayaroj, J. (2006),
Antimicrobial activity in cultures of endophytic fungi isolated from
Garcinia species. FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 48(3):
367-372.
Phonkerd, N., Kanokmedhakul, S., Kanokmedhakul, K., Soytong, K., Prabpai, S.,
and Kongsearee, P. (2008), Bis-spiro-azaphilones and azaphilones from
the fungi Chaetomium cochliodes VTh01 and C. cochliodes CTh05.
Tetrahedron 64: 9,636-9,645.
Pierson, E. A. and Weller, D. M., (1994). Use of mixtures of fluorescent
pseudomonads to suppress take all and improve the growth of wheat.
Phytopathology, 84: 940-947.
Pierson, L. S. III, and Thomashow, L.S. (1992). Cloning and heterologous expression
of the phenazine biosynthetic locus from Pseudomonas aureofaciens 30-84.
Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 5: 330-339.
Pieterse, C. M. J., S. C. M. van Wees, E. Hoffland, J. A. van Pelt, and L. C. van
Loon (1996), Systemic resistance in Arabidopsis induced by biocontrol
bacteria is independent of salicylic acid accumulation and pathogenesis-
related gene expression. – The Pl. Cell 8, 1225–1237, (1996).
Polyanskaya, L. M., Vedina, O. T., Lysak, L. V. and Zuyagintsuv, D. G., (2002),
The growth promoting effect of Beijerinck mobilis and Clostridium sp.
cultures on some agricultural crops. Microbiolog, Moscow, 71 (1): 109-
115.
200
Pongcharoen, W., Rukachaisirikul, V., Phongpaichit, S., Kühn, T., Pelzing, M.,
Sakayaroj, J., and Taylor, W.C. (2008), Metabolites from the endophytic
fungus Xylaria sp. PSUD14.Phytochemistry 69: 1,900-1,902.
Prabavathy, V. R., Mathivanan, N., and Murugesan, K. (2006), Control of blast
and sheath blight diseases of rice using antifungal metabolites produced
by Streptomyces sp. PM5. Biological Control 39: 313-319.
Pranab Dutta and Das, B.C. (2002), Management of collar rot of tomato by
Trichoderma spp. and chemicals. Indian Phytopathology, 55(2): 235-237.
Prashar, D.C., Eckenrode, V.K., Ward, W.W., Prendergast, F.G., Cormier, M.J.,
(1992), Primary structure of the Aequorea victoria green-fluorescent
protein. Gene 111, 229–233.
Priya, K. (2005). Major diseases of Kacholam [Kaempferiagalanga L.] and their
management. M.Sc. (Ag) thesis. Kerala Agricultural Univ., Thrissur.
Purseglove J. W., Brown E. G., Green C. L. & Robbins S. R. J. (1988), Spices
Vo1.2. 813 pp. Tropical Agriculture Series. Longman Scientific and
Technical, England.
Qin, J. C., Zhang, Y. M., Gao, J. M., Bai, M. S., Yang, S. X., Laatsch, H., and
Zhang, A.L. (2009), Bioactive metabolites produced by Chaetomium
globosum, an endophytic fungus isolated from Ginkgo biloba. Bioorganic
& Medicinal Chemistry Letters 19: 1,572-1,574.
Raaijmakers, J. M., Leeman, M., van Oorschot, M.M.P., van der Sluis, I.,
Schippers, B., Bakker, P.A.H.M., (1995), Dose-response relationships in
biological control of Fusarium wilt of radish by Pseudomonas spp.
Phytopathology 85, 1075–1081
References 201
Rabindran, R. and Vidhyasekaran, P., (1996), Development of a formulation of
Pseudomonas fluorescens PfALR2 for management of rice sheath blight.
Crop Protect., 15: 15- 721.
Radhika, N.S., Sudarshan, M.R., Thomas, J. and Prakash, K.V., (2004),
Surveillance of diseases of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) in
Karnataka. Paper presented in National Symposium on Crop Surveillance:
Disease Forecasting and Management, held at IARI, New Delhi from 19-
20 February, pp. 52- 53.
Radjacommare R, Kandan A, Nandakumar R, Samiyappan R. (2004). Association
of the hydrolytic enzyme chitinase against Rhizoctonia solani in
rhizobacteria-treated rice Plants.J Phytopathol. 152:365–370.
Radjacommare, R. Venkatesan S. and Samiyappan .R. (2006) Biological control
of phytopathogenic fungi of vanilla through lytic action of Trichoderma
species and Pseudomonas fluorescens Archives of Phytopathology and
Plant Protection Vol. 43, No. 1,1-17.
Raguchander, T., K. Rajappa and R. Samiyappa. 1996. Influence of biocontrol
agent and organic amendments on soybean root rot. Int. J. Tropical
Agriculture, 16: 247-252.
Rajan P.P., Sarma Y.R., Anandaraj M. (2002). Management of foot rot disease of black
pepper with Trichoderma species. Indian Phytopath., 55(1): 17-21.
Rajeev Pant and Mukhopadhyay, A. N. (2001): Integrated management of seed
and seedling rot complex of soybean. Indian Phytopathol. 54, 346–350.
Rajeswari P. and Kannabiran B. (2011), In vitro effects of antagonistic
microorganisms on Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht. Emend. Synd &
Hans) infecting Arachis hypogaea L. J. Phytol., 2011, 3 (3), s. 83-85.
202
Ramamoorthy, V. and Raghuchander, T. and Samiyappan, R., (2002), Enhancing
resistance of tomato and hot pepper to Pythium diseases by seed treatment
with fluorescent pseudomonads. European J. Pl. Pathol., 108 : 429-441.
Ramamoorthy, V. and Samiyappan, R., (2001), Induction of defense-related genes
in Pseudomonas fluorescens treated chilli plants in response to infection
by Colletotrichum capsici. J. Mycol. Plant Pathol., 31: 146-155.
Ramanujam, B., K. K. N. Nambiar, I. Rohini and R. Iyer, 2002. Hyphal interaction
studies between Thielaviopsis paradoxa and its antagonistic fungi. Ind.
Phytopath. 5(4):516-18.
Ramesh Kumar, N., Thirumalai Arasu, V. and Gunasekaran, P., (2002),
Genotyping of antifungal compounds producing plant growth promoting
rhizobacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens. Current Sci., 82: 1463-1466.
Raupach, G. S. and Kloepper, J. W., (1998), Mixtures of plant growth promoting
rhizobacteria enhance biological control of multiple cucumber pathogens.
Phytopathol., 88 :125-136.
Reginaldo S. Romeiro1, Roberto Lanna Filho1, Dirceu Macagnan2, Flávio A.O.
Garcia1 & Harllen S.A. Silva3(2010) Evidence that the biocontrol agent
Bacillus cereus synthesizes protein that can elicit increased resistance of
tomato leaves to Corynespora cassiicola Tropical Plant Pathology, vol.
35, 1, 011-015
Reguchender, T., Kajappan, K.and Samiappan, R. (1997). Evaluating methods of
application of biocontrol agent in the control of mungbean root rot. Indian
Phytopathology, 50 (2): 229-234.
Riad S. R. El-Mohamedy, E. H. Abd El-Samad, Hoda A. M. Habib and T. Sh.
Fath El-Bab (2011) Effect Of Using Bio-Control Agents On Growth,
References 203
Yield, Head Quality and Root Rot Control In Broccoli Plantsinternational
Journal Of Academic Research Vol. 3. No. 2.
Rifai, M. A. (1969). A revision of genus Trichoderma. Mycological papers No.
116. Java. Indoneshia. 65p.
Riker, A. J. and Riker, R. S. (1936). Introduction on research on plant diseases.
John Swift Co., St. Louis, Chicago, 117p.
Rini, C. R. and R. K. Sulochana (2007). Usefulness of Trichoderma and
Pseudomonas against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporium
infecting tomato.J. Trop. Agric., 45, 21-28
Rojo F. G., Reynoso M. M., Ferez M., Chulze S. N., and Torres A. M. (2007).
Biological control by Trichoderma species of Fusarium solani causing
peanut brown root rot under field conditions. Crop Protect. 26:549–555.
Romeiro R. S., Lanna Filho R., Vieira Junior J. R., Silva H.S.A., Baracat-Pereira
M.C., Carvalho M. G. (2005). Macromolecules released by a plant
growth-promoting rhizobacterium as elicitors of systemic resistance in
tomato to bacterial and fungal pathogens. Journal of Phytopathology
153:120-123
Rukachaisirikul, V., Sommart, U., Phongpaichit, S., Sakayaroj, J., and Kirtikara,
K. (2008). Metabolites from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. PSU-
D15. Phytochemistry 69: 783-787.
Ryals, J., Uknes, S., and Ward, E., (1994). Systemic acquired resistance. Plant
Physiol. 104, 1109–1112
204
Saba Banday, Dar, G. H., Ghani, M. Y., Sagar, V. and Nasreen, F. (2008). In vitro
interaction of bioagents against Dematophora necatrix and Pythium
ultimum causing apple root rot in Jammu and Kashmir SKUAST Journal
10: 341- 350.
Sakthivel, N., Sivamani, E., Unnamalai, N. and Gnanamanickam, S. S., 1986,
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in enhancing plant growth and
suppressing plant pathogens. Curr. Sci., 55 : 22-25.
Salantur, A.; A. Ozturk and S. Akten (2006). Growth and yield response of spring
wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) to inoculation with rhizobacteria. Plant. Soil.
Environ., vol.52(3),pp.111–118. 2006.
Samuels, G.J.O., Lieckfeldt and C.P. Kubick, M. Lorito, C.P. Kubicek and L.M.
Robert, (2005). (1998). The Hypocrea schweinizii complex and
Improvement of the fungal biocontrol agent Trichoderma sect.
Longibrachiatum. Stud. Mycol., Trichoderma atroviride to enhance both
antagonism 41: 1-54.
Santha Kumari, P., (2002), Biocontrol of anthracnose of black pepper. Journal of
Mycology and Plant Pathology, 32: 358.
Sarma Y. R., Anandaraj, M. Venugopal, M., N., Suseela Bhai, R. Rajan, P. P.,
Ramana K. V. and Santhosh Eapen. (1996), Ecofriendly disease
management strategies in spice crops. Planters Chronicle Jan. (1996),
p.25-18
Sasikumar, B., Rema, J. and Ravindran, P. N., (1992), Vanilla. Indian Cocoa,
Arecanut and Spices Journal, 16: 6-10.
Schleheck, D., Brian J. Tindall, Ramon Rossello -Mora and Alasdair M. Cook.
(2003). Parvibaculum lavamentivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel
References 205
heterotroph that initiates catabolism of linear alkylbenzenesulfonate.
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.54,
1489–1497. DOI 10.1099/ ijs.0.03020-0.
Schnider, U., Blumer, C., Troxler, J., D6fago, G. and Haas, D. (1994).
Overproduction of the antibiotics 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and
pyoluteorin in Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CHAO. In Improving plant
productivity with rhizosphere bacteria, M.H. Ryder, P.M. Stephens and
G.D. Bowen (eds.), pp. 120-121, CSIRO, Adelaide.
Shahida, K. SUurendra Gopal and Sally .K.Mathew (2010),Phytophthora meedii
causing Phytophthora rot in Vanilla and its compatibility with fungicides
SAARC J Agri: 103-111
Shanmugam, V., Sriram, S., Babu, S., Nandakumar, R., Raguchander, T.,
Balasubramanian, P. and Samiyappan, R. (2011). Purification and
characterization of an extracellular a-glucosidase protein from
Trichoderma viride which degrades a phytotoxin associated with sheath
blight disease in rice. Journals of Applied Microbiology, 90, 320 – 329.
Shapira, R., Ordentlich, A., Chet, 1. & Oppenheim, A. B. (1989). Control of plant
diseases by chitinase expressed from cloned DNA in Escbericbia coh.
Phytopatbology)l 79, 1246-1249.
Sharma, P. and P. Dureja, (2004), Evaluation of Trichoderma harzianum and
T.viride isolates at. BCA pathogen crop interface. Mycol. Pl. Pathol., 34:
47-55.
Sharon, E., Bar-Eyal, M., Chet, I., Herra- Estrella, A., Kleifeld, O., and Spiegel,
Y. (2001). Biological control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne
javanica by Trichoderma harzianum. Phytopathology 91:687- 693.
206
Shukla, R. S., Kumar, S., Singh, H. N. and Singh, K. P., (1993), First report of
aerial blight of Coleus forskohlii caused by Rhizoctonia solani in India.
Plant Disease, 77:429.
Sibounnavong, P., Cynthia, C.D., Kanokmedhakul, S., and Soytong, K. (2008).
The new antagonistic fungus, Emericella nidulans strain EN against
Fusarium Wilt of Tomato.J Agr Tech 4(1): 89-99.
Singh, R. K., Mishra, R. P. N. and Jaiswal, H. K., (2003), Wide occurrence of
Rhizobium Leguminosarum BV Phaseoli as rice endophyte in Indian soils.
6th Int. PGPR Workshop 5-10 October, Calicut, India.
Sivan, A. and Chet, I., (1993). Integrated control of fusarium crown and root rot of
tomato with Trichoderma harzianum in combination with methyl bromide
or soil solarization. Crop Prot. 12, 380–386.
Sivaprasad, P., Sulochana, K. K., Kavitha, M. S., Joseph, P. T. and Meenakumari, K.
S., (2003), Effect of fluorescent pseudomonads isolated on foot rot disease
on growth of black pepper (Piper nigram L.). 6th Int. Workshop on Plant
Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, 5-10, Calicut, pp. 68-74.
Skidmore, A. M. and Dickson, C. M., (1976), Colony interactions and hyyphae
interferences between Septoria nodorum and phylloplane fungi.
Trans.Br.Mycol.Soc., 66:57-64.
Smit, F. and Dubery, I. A. (1997), Cell wall reinforcement in cotton hypocotyls in
response to a Verticillium dahliae elicitor. Phytochemistry Phytochemistry
44: 44: 811–815.
Sneh, B., Dupler, M. and Elad, Y., (1984), Chlamydospore germination of
Fusarium oxysporum as affected by fluorescent and lytic bacteria from
Fusarium suppressive soil. Phytopathol., 74: 1115-1124.
References 207
Somers, E., Vanderleyden, J. and Srinivasan, M., (2004), Rhizosphere bacterial
signaling: a love parade beneath our feet. Crit. Rev. Microbiol., 30: 205-
240.
Soytong, K. and Rattanacherdchai, K. (2008). Vanilla disease in Thailand. Res
Devel J 1(1): 22-25.
Soytong, K., Pongnak, W. and Kasiolarn, H. (2005). Biological control of
Thielaviopsis bud rot of Hyophorbe lagenicaulis in the field. J Agr Tech
1(2): 235-245. Journal of Agricultural Technology (2010), Vol.6(1): 47-
55
Spadaro D., and Gullino M. L., (2005), Improving the efficacy of biocontrol
agents against soilborne pathogens. Crop Protection 24, 601-613.
Srinon, W., Chuncheen, K., Jirattiwarutkul, K., Soytong, K., and Kanokmedhakul, S.
(2006), Efficacies of antagonistic fungi against Fusarium wilt disease of
cucumber and tomato and the assay of its enzyme activity. J Agr Tech
2(2): 191-201.
Srivastava, R., Khalid, A., Singh, U.S. and Sharma, A.K. (2010), Evaluation of
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Pseudomonas fluorescens and
Trichoderma harzianum formulation against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.
lycopersici for the management of tomato wilt. Bio. Control, 53: 24-31.
Steyaert, J.M., Stewart, A., Jaspers, M.V., Carpenter, M. and Ridgway, H.J.
(2004), Co-expression of two genes, a chitinase (chit42) and proteinase
(prb1), implicated in mycoparasitism by T. hamatum. Mycologia 96:
1245-1252.
Stuurman, N., Pacios Bras, C., Schlaman, C.H.R.M., Wijifijes, A.H.M.,
Bloemberg, G.V. & Spaink, H.P. (2000). The use of GFP color variants
208
expressed on stable broad-host range vectors to visualize rhizobia
interacting with plants. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 13: 1063-
1069.
Suarez, B. (2001). Caracterización y detección molecular de cepas de
Colletotrichum causantes de antracnosis en fresa. Búsqueda de proteasas
de Trichoderma implicadas en su biocontrol. PhD thesis, University of
Salamanca, Spain.
Sudharshan M. R., Radhika N. S. and Prakash K. V. (2003), Vanilla viral diseases
in Karnataka; Spice India 16 28–29
Suneesh, K., (2004), Biodiversity of fluorescent pseudomonads in soils of moist
deciduous forests of Western Ghats of Uttara Kannada district. M.Sc.
(Agri.) Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
Suprapta, D. N., M. Sudana, N. Wijaya and K. Khalimi. (2006), Study on the use
of local plants of Bali as botanical pesticides to control diseases on vanilla
and cocoa. Final Report. Collaborative research between Bali Province
Planning Agency and the Faculty of Agriculture Udayana University,
Denpasar Bali. 38 p. (in Indonesian).
Suryakala, D., Maheshwaridevi, P.V. and Lakshmi, K.V., (2004), Chemical
characterization and in vitro antibiosis of siderophores of rhizosphere
fluorescent pseudomonads. Indian J. Microbiol., 44: 105-108.
Suseela Bhai . R, and Dhanesh, J. (2008), Occurrence of fungal diseases in vanilla
(Vanilla planifolia andrews) in Kerala Journal of Spices and Aromatic
Crops Volume 17 (2): 140-148.
References 209
Suseela Bhai, R. and Joseph Thomas (1998). Trichoderma spp. An effective
bioagent for the control of seedling rot disease in cardamom nurseries. J.
of Spices and aromatic crops 7(2):
Suseela Bhai, R., Joseph Thomas, Solomon J. J, Geetha M. and Potty S. N. (2001).
mosaic disease of vanilla (V.planifolia, Andrews) a first report from India.
Paper sent for Journal of Spices and aromatic Crops.
Suseela Bhai, R., Ishwara Bhat, A. and Anandaraj, M., (2003). Premature
yellowing and bean shedding in vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews).
Paper presented in Symposium on Recent Development in the Diagnosis
and Management of Plant Diseases for Meeting Global Challenges held at
Dharwad from 18-20 December (2003), pp. 88-89.
Suseela Bhai. R and Joseph Thomas (2000). Phytophthora rot a new disease of
vanilla (Vanilla planijotia Andrews) in India. J. Spices and Aromatic
Crops. 9: 73-75.
Suslow, T. V., (1982). Role of root colonizing bacteria in plant growth. In:
Phytopathogenic Prokaryotes (eds. Mount, M.S. and Lacey, G.H.)
Academic Press, New York, USA, p. 187-223.
Szczech, M. and M. Shoda (2004). Bio-control of Rhizoctonia damping-off of
tomato by Bacillus subtilis combined with Burkholderia cepacia. J.
Phytopathol., 152: 549-556.
Talubnak, C. and Soytong, (2010), K Biological control of vanilla anthracnose
using Emericella nidulans Journal of Agricultural Technology Vol.6(1):
47-55
Tan, H.M., Cao, L.X., He, Z.F., Su, G.J., Lin, B., and Zhou, S.N. (2006). Isolation
of endophytic actinomycetes from different cultivars of tomato and their
210
activities against Ralstonia solanacearum in vitro. World J Microb Biot
22: 1275-1280.
Tanaka H, and Watanabe T. (1995), Glucanases and chitinases of Bacillus
circulans WL-12. J. Ind. Microbiol. 14: 478-483
Tang, J.B., B.T. Ma, L.X. Wang, P. Li, A.P. Zheng and H. Chen.(2002),
Biological control of rice sheath blight with Trichoderma like Chinese J.
Rice Sci., 16, 63-66
Tarus, P.K., C.C. Lang ‘At- Thoruwa., A.W. Wanyonyi.and. Chhabra S.C.,
(2003), Bioactive metabolites from Trichoderma harzianum and
Trichoderma longibrachiatum ball. Chem. Soc. Ethiopia (7,2): 185-190.
Thangavelu R, Palaniswami A and Velazhahan R. (2004), Mass production of
Trichoderma harzianum for managing fusarium wilt of banana. Agricul
Ecosyst Environ. 103:259–263.
Thomas. J. and Suseela Bhai, R. (1995), Fungal and Bacterial Diseases of
cardamom Elettaria cardamomum Maton)and their management . J. of
Spices and Aromatic crops 4:24-31
Thomas, J. and Suseela Bhai, R., (2000), Sclerotium rot – a new disease of vanilla
(Vanilla planifolia Andrews) in India. Journal of Spices and Aromatic
Crops, 9:175-176.
Thomas, J., Vijayan, A.K. And Suseela Bhai, R., (2002), Vanilla diseases in India
and their management. Indian Journal of Arecanut, Spices and Medicinal
Plants,4: 143-149.
Thomashow LS and Weller DM (1996) Current concepts in the use of introduced
bacteria for biological disease control: Mechanisms and antifungal
References 211
metabolites. In: Stacey G and Keen N (eds) Plant Microbe Interactions.
Vol. 1 (pp. 187–236) Chapman and Hall Ltd., London, UK.
Thomashow, L.S. and Weller, D. M., (1988), Role of a phenazine antibiotic from
Pseudomonas fluorescens in biological control of Gaeumannomyces
graminis var. tritici. J.Bacteriol., 170: 3499-3508.
Thongsri, V. and Soytong, K. (2004), A study on Nigrospora sp. strain L-03, A
new potential antagonist to plant pathogenic fungi. Proc. of The 1st
KMITL International Conference on Intergration of Science &
Technology for sustainable development; Bangkok, Thailand; August 25-
26, (2004), 2:25-29.
Thrane, C., Olsson, S., Neilsen, T.H. and Sorensen, J., (1999), Vital fluorescent
stains for detection of stress in Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani
challenged with viscosinamide from Pseudomonas fluorescens DR54.
FEMS Microbiology Ecol., 30: 11-23.
Tian, L.S., W.H. Wang, W.L. Shi, S.S. Li, Y.M. Shi, G.W. Zhang and L.P. Zhang,
(2001). Studies on mechanisms of antagonism of Trichoderma viride to
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and its effect of biocontrol. Plant
Protect., 27, 47-48.
Tikhonovich, I., Tuinman, S., Wijffelman, C., and Wijfjes, A. (2000).
Pseudomonas genes and traits involved in tomato root colonization.Pages
324-330 in: Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Vol. 2. P.
Tiwari, P. K. and Thrimurthy, V.S., (2007), Isolation and characterization of the
Pseudomonas fluorescens from rhizosphere of different crops. J. Mycol.
Pl. Pathol., 37: 231-234.
212
Tombe, M., Tsuchiya, K., Nurawan, A., Nazurudin, S.B., Nikil, M. and
Matsumoto, K., (1992), Experiments on the introduction of biological and
cultural control of stem rot disease of vanilla. Industrial Crop
ResearchJournal, 4: 20-26.
Tombolini, R., Unge, A., Davey, M. E., de Bruijn, F. J., and Schleifer, K. H.
(1997), Flow cytometric and microscopic analysis of GFP-tagged
Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 22:17-28.
Tombolini, R., van der Gaag, D. J., Gerhardson, B., and Jansson, J. K. (1999).
Colonization pattern of the biocontrol strain Pseudomonas chlororaphis
MA32 on barley seeds visualized by using green fluorescent protein. Appl.
Environ. Microbiol. 65:3674-3680.
Toyoda and Utsumi, (1991), H. Toyoda and R. Utsumi, Method for the prevention
of Fusarium diseases and microorganisms used for the same, (1991), U.S.
Patent 4,988,586
Tripathi, M. and Johri, B.N., (2002), In vitro antagonistic potential of fluorescent
pseudomonads and control of sheath blight of maize caused by
Rhizoctonia solani. Indian J.Microbiol., 42: 207-214.
Tronsmo, A., Hjeljord, L.G., (1998), Biological control with Trichoderma species.
In: Boland, G.J., Kuykendall, L.D. (Eds.), Plant Microbe Interactions and
Biological Control. Marcel Dekker Inc., pp. 111–126
Trudel J,and Asselin A. (1989), Detection of chitinase activity after
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Anal Biochem. 105:673–678.
Tsahouridou, P. C. and Thanassoulopoulos, C. C. (2002), Proliferation of
Trichoderma koningii in the tomato rhizosphere and the suppression of
References 213
damping-off by Sclerotium rolfsii. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,
34:767-776
Tsao . P. H and Mu. L (1987), Phytophthora blight and root rot of vanilla in
French Pollynesia: Occurrence and causal species, Manila,
Phillipines
Tuzun S. (2001), The relationship between pathogen-induced systemic resistance
(ISR) and multigenic (horizontal) resistance in plants. Eur J Plant Pathol
107:85–93
Udomratsak, A. and Soytong, K. (2004), Testing on biological products and
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing mango anthracnose resistance to
azoxystrobin. Proc. of The 1st KMITL International Conference on
Integration of Science & Technology for sustainable Development;
Bangkok, Thailand; August 25-26, (2004), 2:236-239.
Upadhyay, J. P. and Mukhopadhyay, A. N., (1993), Effects of non-volatile and
volatile antibiotics of Trichoderma harzianum on the growth of
Sclerotium rolfsi. Indian. J.Mycol. Pl. Pathol., 13: 232-233.
Valois, D., Fayod, K., Barasubiye, T., Garon, M., Déry, C., Brzezinski, R., and
Beaulieu, C. (1996). Glucanolytic actinomycetes antagonistic to
Phytophthora fragariae var. rubi, the causal agent of raspberry root rot.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 62(5): 1,630-1,635.
Van Loon, L.C., P.A.H.M. Bakker and Pieterse C.M.J. (1998), Systemic resistance
induced by rhizosphere bacteria. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 36, 453-488
Van Peer, R., Neimann, G.J. and Schippers, B., (1991), Induced resistance and
phytoalexin accumulation in biological control of Fusarium wilt of carnation
by Pseudomonas sp. Strain WCS 417. Phytopathol., 81: 728-734.
214
Vandenbergh, P. A. and Gonzalez, C.F. (1984). Method for protecting the growth
of plants employing mutant siderophore producing strains of
Pseudomonas putida. U.S. Patent #4,479,936.
Vanpeer, R. and Schippers, S., (1989). Plant growth and response to bacterization
with selected Pseudomonas sp. strains and rhizosphere microbial
development in hydroponic cultures. Can. J. Microbiol., 81 : 728-734.
Verhaar, M. A., Hijwegen, T. and Zadoks, J. C. (1999). Improvement of the
efficacy of Verticillium lecanii used in biocontrol of Sphaerotheca
fuliginea by addition of oil formulations. Biocontrol 44: 73-87.
Verma S. C., Ladha J. K., Tripathi A. K. (2001). Evaluation of plant growth
promoting and colonization ability of endophytic diazotrophs from deep
water rice. J. Biotechnol. 90: 127–141.
Vidhyasekaran, P. and Muthamilan, M. (1995). Development of formulations of
Pseudomonas fluorescens for control of chickpea wilt. Plant Dis. 79:782–786.
Vidhyasekaran, P., Rabindran, R., Muthamilan, M., Nayar, K., Rajappan, K.,
Subramanian, N. and Vasumathi, K. (1997). Development of powder
formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens for control of rice blast. Plant
Pathol. 46, 291–297.
Vijayaraghavan, R. (2003). Management of Phytophthora disease in black pepper
nursery.Msc (Ag.) thesis. Kerala Agricultural Univ. Thrissure
Vikram, A., (1997), Plant growth promotional and biocontrol potential of
Pseudomonas fluorescens in groundnut. M. Sc. (Agri.) thesis, Uni. Agric.
Sci. Dharwad (India).
Vincent, J. M., (1927), Distortion of fungal hyphae in the presence of certain
inhibitors. Nature, 159: 850
References 215
Viswanathan R and Samiyappan R. (2000). Antifungal activity of chitinases
produced by some fluorescent pseudomonas against Colletotricum
falcatum Went causing red rot disease in sugarcane. Microbial Res.
155:1–6.
Viswanathan R. and R. Samiyappan (2006) Pseudomonas spp. colonization in
sugarcane rhizosphere reduces titre of Colletotrichum falcatum Went-
causing red rot disease of sugarcane.
Viswanathan, R. and Swamiyappan, R., (1999), Management of damping off
disease in sugarcane using plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Madras
Agric. J., 86 : 643-645.
Viswanathan, R. and Swamiyappan, R., (2001), Antifungal activity of chitinase
produced by some fluorescent Pseudomonas against Colletotrichum
falcatum wilt causing red rot disease in sugarcane. Microbiol. Res., 15 :
309-314.
Vivekananthan, R., Ravi, M., Ramanathan, A. and Samiyappan, R., (2004), Lytic
enzymes induced by Pseudomonas fluorescens and other biocontrol
organisms mediate defence against the anthracnose pathogen in mango.
World J. Microbiol.Biotechnol., 20: 235-244.
Voisard, C., Keel, C., Haas, D. and Defago, G. (1989), Cyanide production by
Pseudomonas fluorescens helps suppress black root rot of tobacco under
gnotobiotic conditions. EMBO J. 8:351-358.
Vrany, J. and Fiker, A., ( 1984). Growth and yield of potato plants inoculated with
rizosphere bacteria Folia M icrobiol .29, 248-253
216
Waliszewski, K.N., Pardio, V.T. and Ovando, S.L. (2006). A simple and rapid
HPLC technique for vanillin determination in alcohol extract. Food
Chemistry 101: 1,059-1,062.
Walton, N.J., Mayer, M.J. and Narbad, A. (2003). Vanillin. Phytochemistry 63:
505-515.(Received 12 August (2009); accepted 5 November (2009)
Wang, J., Machado, C., Panaccione, D.G., Tsai, H.F. & Schardl, C.L. (2004), Fungal
Genet. Biol. 41:189-198.
Ward, E. R., S. J. Uknes, S. C. Williams, S. S. Dincher, D. L. Widerhold, D. C.
Alexander, P. Ahl-Goy, J. P. Métraux, J. A. Ryals( 1991) Coordinate gene
activity in response to agents that induce systemic acquired resistance. –
The Pl. Cell 3, 1085–1094,
Ward, W. W., Cody, C.W., Hart, R.C. and Cormier, M.J.1980. Photochem. Photobiol. 31:
611-615
Webster, J., and Lomas, N. 1964. Does Trichoderma viride produce gliotoxin and
viridin? Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 47:535-540.
Wei, G., Kloepper, J. W. and Tuzun, S. (1996), Induced systemic resistance to
cucumber diseases and increased plant growth by plant growth promoting
rhizobacteria under field conditions. Phytopathology, 86: 221-224.
Weller D. M., Howie W. J., and Cook R. J. (1988), Relationship between in vitro
inhibition of Gaenmannomyces graminis van tritici and suppression of
take all of wheat by fluorescent pseudomonads. Phytopathology, 78: 1094-
1100.
Weller, D. M. (1988), Biological control of soilborne plant pathogens in the
rhizosphere with bacteria. Annual Review of Phytopathology. 26:379-407.
References 217
Whipps, J.M., (1997), Developments in the biological control for soilborne plant
pathogens. Adv. Bot. Res. 26, 1–134.
Wortman, A. T., Somerville, C. C. and Colwell, R. R. (1986), Chitinase
determinants of Vibrio vulnijicus: gene cloning and applications of a
chitinase probe. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 52, 142-145.
Xianmei Yu ,Chengxiang Ai Li Xin and Guangfang Zhou (2011), The siderophore
–producing bacterium , Bacillus subtilis CAS15 , has a biocontrol effect
on fusarium wilt and promotes the growth of pepper . European Journal of
Soil Biology 47.138-145
Xue, L., Charest, P. M. Jabaji-Hare S. H. (1998), Systemic induction of
peroxidases, �-1,3-glucanases, chitinases and resistance in bean plants by
binucleate Rhizoctonia species. – Phytopathology 88, 359–365.
Yaqub ., F and S., Shahzad (2005), pathogencity of sclerotium rolfsii on different
crops and effect of inoculum density on colonization of mungbean and
sunflower rootspak. j. bot., 37(1): 175-180.
Yates I. E., Hiett K. L., Kapczynski D. R., Smart W., Glenn A. E., Hinton D. M.,
Bacon C. W., Meinersmann R., Liu S., and Jaworski A. J. (1999), GUS
transformation of the maize endophyte Fusarium moniliforme. Mycol Res
103: 129–136.
Yedidia, I., Srivastva A.K., Kapulnik, Y., and Chet, I. (2001). Effect of
Trichoderma harzianum on microelement concentrations and increased
growth of cucumber plants. Plant Soil.235:235–242.
Yeole, R. D. and Dube, H.C. (1997). Increased plant growth and yield through
seed bacterization. Indian Phytopathol. 50: 316-319.
218
Yogendra, S. and. Singh, Y (2002), Biological control of Sclerotium blight of
Gmelina arborea. Ind. Forest. 128 (1):41-44.
Yoshikawa, Masami., Nobuhiro Hirai, Kohji Wakabayashi, Haruyuki Sugizaki
and Hajime Iwamura (1993), Canadian Journal of Microbiology -
39(12):pp. 1150-1154; Succinic and lactic acids as plant growth
promoting compounds produced by rhizospheric Pseudomonas putida.
Yossen, N. A., Vargas, G.S., Diaz-P-del, M. and Olmos C. (2003), Compost and
Trichoderma harzianum as suppresors of Rhizoctonia solani and
promoters of lettuce growth. Manejo Integrado de Plagasy Agroecologia,
68: 19-25.
Zapata, R. L., H. E. Palmucci, Blanco-Murray, V. and Lopez, M. V. (2001),
Biological trials to control damping-off in eggplant (Solanum melongena)
with fluorescent Pseudomonas and Trichoderma harzianum Revista de la
Facultad de Agronomia Universidad de Buenos Aires, 21: 207-211.
Zdor, R. E., and A. J. Anderson (1992). Influence of root colonizing bacteria on
the defense responses in bean. Pl. Soil. 140: 99–107,.
Zehnder, G. W., Murphy, J. F., Sikora, E. J. and Kloepper, J. W. (2001).
Application of rhizobacteria for induced resistance. European J. Pl.
Pathol. 107: 39-50.
Zhang, S., Reddy, M. S., and Kloepper, J. W. (2004). Tobacco growth
enhancement and blue mold disease protection by rhizobacteria:
Relationship between plant growth promotion and systemic disease
protection by PGPR strain 90-166. Plant Soil. 262:277-288.
References 219
Zhang, Z., Zhang, J., Wang, Y. and Zheng, X. (2005). Molecular detection of
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum and Mycosphaerella melonis in infected
plant tissues and soil. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 249: 39–47.
Ziedan, E. H. and Mahmoud, S.Y. M. (2002). Calcium and sulfur soil treatment to
improve biological control with Trichoderma harzianum for root rot
disease control of bean. Assiut J. Agric. Sci. 33: 149-160
Zimand, G., Elad, Y., Chet, I. (1996). Effect of Trichoderma harzianum on
Botrytis cinerea pathogenicity. Phytopathology. 86:1255–60