References / BibliographyReferences / Bibliography

For the IB Extended EssayFor the IB Extended Essay

Why is it important to cite your Why is it important to cite your sources?sources?

To give due credit to writers whose ideas contributed to your work;

To allow your reader to follow your research process, and to do related reading of their own;

To demonstrate that you are familiar with and have considered the literature on your subject.

What do I have to cite?

A direct quotation from another written work;

Statistics;

Charts, tables, diagrams, illustrations;

Paraphrased or summarized ideas or data of someone else, even if you change the wording… WHEN IN DOUBT, CITE

How do I cite my references?

General IB Guidelines for Extended Essays leave you to choose the method you prefer, as long as you are consistent;

Two main methods: in-text citations, or numbered systems (footnotes)

Styles include MLA http://www.mla.org/style , Chicago, Turabian.

In-Text Citations

Your quote or reference is followed by a parenthetical reference to the work cited:

Levitt argues that school success has more to do with the level of education of parents than the fact that the family is intact (168).

List of Works Cited / bibliography You put the full reference in an alpha list of

works cited or a bibliography:

Levitt, Stephen D. and Stephen J. Dubner. Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything. New York: HarperCollins, 2005.

Numbered Systems (footnotes)

Your reference is followed by a superscript or note number that leads you to the reference at the bottom of the page or at the end of your text.

You include a full reference list or bibliography, alphabetical by author, at the end of your paper.

Citing a web site:

« Avian Influenza (« bird flu ») fact sheet ». February 2006. World Health Organization. 24 February 2006. <http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/avian_influenza/en/index.html>.

Helpful links:

Modern Languages Association Style www.mla.org/style

University of S. Queensland Referencing Guides http://www.usq.edu.au/library/help/ehelp/ref_guides/default.htm

More helpful links:

Simon Fraser University Library http://www.lib.sfu.ca/researchhelp/writing/biblio.pdf