Reference pictures you asked for

Brain

Cerebrum: Lobes named by associated bones

Dicephalon-> Limbic

Limbic system

• Thalamus• Hypothalamus• Pituitary gland

Lobotomy

• Malformation• Severe nerves connect

frontal lobe to rest of brain– Leucotomy ( leucotome)– Ice pick

• 30’s to 70’s

Mesacephalon-> Midbrain

Midbrain

Rhombencephalon-> Hindbrain

Hind brain

CNS

Meninges

Can’t differentiate with the naked eye

• Dura:– Tough– Thick

• Arachnoid– Delicate– spidery

• Pia – Meshlike– Thin

1. Vertebral disc2. Vertebral body3. Dura mater4. Epidural space5. Spinal chord6. Subarachnoid space

vENTRICLES

-

An Overview

Peripheral Nervous Overview

General: nonspecific innervation

Specialized: Specific target

• 12 pairs• Mostly mixed nerves (with exception of first

couple pairs completely sensory)• Often innervated along of Autonomic NS• Will start with cranial nerves

Specific

Smell

Olfactory I

Sight

Optic Nerve II

Moves eye

Sight

Oculomotor IIIPupil ConstrictionAcronymn: PEARL

Sight

Trochlear IV

Superior Oblique Muscle

Facial

Trigeminal V•Mouth, teeth, lips•Jaw•Eye, scalp

EyeLateral Rectus Muscles

Abducens VIFailure of lateral rectus muscle (patient trying to following object)

Facial Nerve VII•Taste•Facial Expression•Tear & Salivary

Hearing

Vestibulocochlear Nerve VIII

Diseases• Disease can include

sensorineural deafness• Bilateral benign tumors on

nerve sheath

Tongue & Pharynx• Motor (pharynx)• Parasympathetic response -

salivary

Glossopharyngeal IX

Mainly Sensory

• Speech• Swallow• Thorax/Abdominals

• Note: Vasovagus Syncope

Vagus Nerve X

Innervations allow:

• Cranial– Soft palate– Pharynx– Larynx

• Motor– Trapezius– Sternocleidomastoid

Accessory

Both Cranial and Spinal

Tongue• Speaking• Swallowing

Hypoglossal XII