Reference Aids RL1010-100 Live LoadsL1010-101 Minimum Design Live Loads in Pounds per S.F. for Various Building Codes

Occupancy or Use Uniform (psf) Concentrated (lbs)

1. Access floor systemsOffice use 50 2000Computer use 100 2000

2. Armories and drill rooms 100 --3. Assembly areas

--

Fixed seats (fastened to floor) 60Follow spot, projections and control rooms 50Lobbies 100Movable seats 100Stage floors 150Platforms (assembly) 100Other assembly areas 100

4. Balconies and decks Same as occupancy served --5. Catwalks 40 3006. Comices 60 --7. Corridors

--First floor 100Other floors Same as occupancy served except as indicated

8. Dining rooms and restaurants 100 --9. Elevator machine room grating (on an area of 2 in by 2 in) -- 30010. Finish light floorplate construction (on area of 1 in by 1 in) -- 20011. Fire escapes 100 --On single-family dwellings only12. Garages (passenger vehicles only) 40 Note a13. Hospitals

Corridors above first floor 80 1000Operating rooms, laboratories 60 1000Patient rooms 40 1000

14. LibrariesCorridors above first floor 80 1000Reading rooms 60 1000Stacks 150, Note b 1000

15. ManufacturingHeavy 250 3000Light 125 2000

16. Marquees 75 --17. Office buildings

Corridors above first floor 80 2000Lobbies and first-floor corridors 100 2000Offices 50 2000

18. Penal institutionsCell blocks 40Corridors 100

19. Recreational uses:Bowling alleys, poolrooms, and similar uses 75Dance halls and ballrooms 100Gymnasiums 100Reviewing stands, grandstands and bleachers 100Stadiums and arenas with fixed seats (fastened to floor) 60

20. ResidentialOne- and two- family dwellings

Uninhabitable attics without storage, Note c 10Uninhabitable attics with storage, Note c, d, e 20Habitable attics and sleeping areas, Note e 30All other areas 0

Hotels and multifamily dwellingsPrivate rooms and corridors serving them 40Public rooms and corridors serving them 100

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Reference Aids RL1010-100 Live LoadsL1010-101 Minimum Design Live Loads in Pounds per S.F. for Various Building Codes (cont.)

Occupancy or Use Uniform (psf) Concentrated (lbs)

21. RoofsAll roof surfaces subject to maintenance workers 300Awnings and canopies:

Fabric construction supported by a skeleton structure 5 --All other construction 20

Ordinary flat, pitched and curved roofs (not occupiable) 20Where primary roof members are exposed to a work floor, atsingle panel point of lower cord of roof trusses or any point alongprimary structural members supporting roofs:

Over manufacturing, storage warehouses, and repair garages 2000All other primary roof members 300

Occupiable roofs:Roof gardens 100Assembly areas 100All other similar areas Note F Note F

22. SchoolsClassrooms 40 1000Corridors 80 1000First-floor corridors 100 1000

23. Scuttles, skylight ribs and accessible ceilings -- 20024. Sidewalks, vehicular driveways and yards, subject to trucking 250 8000, Note g25. Stairs and exits

One- and two- family dwellings 40 300, Note hAll others 100 3000, Note h

26. Storage warehousesHeavy 250 --Light 125

27. StoresRetail

First floor 100 1000Upper floors 75 1000

Wholesale, all floors 125 100028. Walkways and elevated platforms (other than exitways) 60 --29. Yards and terraces, pedestrians 100 --

Notes:

a. Floors in garages or portions of buildings used for the storage of motor vehicles shall be designed for the uniformly distributed live loads of Table 1607.1or the following concentrated loads: (1) for garages restricted to passenger vehicles accomodating not more than nine passengers, 3,000 pounds actingon an area of 4.5 in. by 4.5 in.; (2) for mechanical parking structures without slab or deck that are used for storing passenger vehicles only, 2,250 poundsper wheel.

b. The loading applies to stack room floors that support nonmobile, double-faced library books stacks, subject to the following limitations:1. The nominal bookstack unit height shall not exceed 90 inches;2. The nominal shelf depth shall not exceed 12 inches for each face; and3. Parallel rows of double-faced book sacks shall be separated by aisles not less than 36 inches wide.

c. Uninhabitable attics without storage are those where the maximum clear height between the joists and rafters is less than 42 inches, or where there arenot two or more adjacent trusses with web configurations capable of accommmodating an assumed rectangle 42 inches in height by 24 inches in width,or greater, within the plane of the trusses. This live load need not be assumed to act concurrently with any other live load requirements.

d. Uninhabitable attics with storage are those where the maximum clear height between the joists and rafters is 42 inches or greater, or where there are twoor more adjacent trusses with web configurations capable of accomodating an assumed rectangle 42 inches in height by 24 inches in width, or greater,within the plane of the trusses.

The live load need only be applied to those portions of the joists or truss bottom chords where both of the following conditions are met:i. The attic area is accessible from an opening not less than 20 inches in width by 30 inches in length that is located where the clear height in the

attic is a minimum of 30 inches; andii. The slopes of the joists or truss bottom chords are no greater than two units vertical in 12 units horizontal.

The remaining portions of the joists or truss bottom chords shall be designed for a uniformly distributed concurrent live load of not less than 10 lb/ft2.

e. Attic spaces served by stairways other than the pull-down type shall be designed to support the minimum live load specified for habitable attics andsleeping rooms.

f. Areas of occupiable roofs, other than roof gardens and assembly areas, shall be designed for approporate loads as approved by the building official.

g. The concentrated wheel load shall be applied on an area of 4.5 inches by 4.5 inches.

h. The minimum concentrated load on stair treads shall be applied on an area of 2 in by 2 in. This load need not be assumed to act concurrently with theuniform load.

Excerpted from the 2012 International Building Code, Copyright 2011. Washington, D.C.: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission.All rights reserved. www.ICCSAFE.org

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ReferenceAids

Reference Aids RL1010-200 Dead Load, Material WeightsTable L1010-201 Design Weight Per S.F. for Walls and Partitions

Type WallThickness Description Weight

Per S.F. Type WallThickness Description Weight

Per S.F.Brick 4� Clay brick, high absorption 34 lb. Clay tile 2� Split terra cotta furring 10 lb.

Clay brick, medium absorption 39 Non load bearing clay tile 11Clay brick, low absorption 46 3� Split terra cotta furring 12Sand-lime brick 38 Non load bearing clay tile 18Concrete brick, heavy aggregate 46 4� Non load bearing clay tile 20Concrete brick, light aggregate 33 Load bearing clay tile 24

8� Clay brick, high absorption 69 6� Non load bearing clay tile 30Clay brick, medium absorption 79 Load bearing clay tile 36Clay brick, low absorption 89 8� Non load bearing clay tile 36Sand-lime brick 74 Load bearing clay tile 42Concrete brick, heavy aggregate 89 12� Non load bearing clay tile 46Concrete brick, light aggregate 68 Load bearing clay tile 58

12� Common brick 120 Gypsum 2� Hollow gypsum block 9.5Pressed brick 130 block Solid gypsum block 12Sand-lime brick 105 3� Hollow gypsum block 10Concrete brick, heavy aggregate 130 Solid gypsum block 18Concrete brick, light aggregate 98 4� Hollow gypsum block 15

16� Clay brick, high absorption 134 Solid gypsum block 24Clay brick, medium absorption 155 5� Hollow gypsum block 18Clay brick, low absorption 173 6� Hollow gypsum block 24Sand-lime brick 138 Structural 2� Facing tile 15Concrete brick, heavy aggregate 174 facing 4� Facing tile 25Concrete brick, light aggregate 130 tile 6� Facing tile 38

Concrete 4� Solid conc. block, stone aggregate 45block Solid conc. block, lightweight 34 Glass 4� Glass block 18

Hollow conc. block, stone aggregate 30 1� Structural glass 15Hollow conc. block, lightweight 20 Plaster 1� Gypsum plaster (1 side) 5

6� Solid conc. block, stone aggregate 50 Cement plaster (1 side) 10Solid conc. block, lightweight 37 Gypsum plaster on lath 8Hollow conc. block, stone aggregate 42 Cement plaster on lath 13Hollow conc. block, lightweight 30 Plaster 2� Solid gypsum on metal lath 18

8� Solid conc. block, stone aggregate 67 partition Solid cement on metal lath 25Solid conc. block, lightweight 48 (2 finished Solid gypsum on gypsum lath 18Hollow conc. block, stone aggregate 55 faces) Gypsum on lath & metal studs 18Hollow conc. block, lightweight 38 3� Gypsum on lath & metal studs 19

10� Solid conc. block, stone aggregate 84 4� Gypsum on lath & metal studs 20Solid conc. block, lightweight 62 6� Gypsum on lath & wood studs 18Hollow conc. block, stone aggregate 55 Concrete 6� Reinf concrete, stone aggregate 75Hollow conc. block, lightweight 38 Reinf. concrete, lightweight 36-60

12� Solid conc. block, stone aggregate 108 8� Reinf. concrete, stone aggregate 100Solid conc. block, lightweight 72 Reinf. concrete, lightweight 48-80Hollow conc. block, stone aggregate 85 10� Reinf. concrete, stone aggregate 125Hollow conc. block, lightweight 55 Reinf. concrete, lightweight 60-100

Drywall 6� Drywall on wood studs 10 12� Reinf concrete stone aggregate 150Reinf concrete, lightweight 72-120

Table L1010-202 Design Weight per S.F. for Roof CoveringsType Description Weight

lb. Per S.F. Type WallThickness Description Weight

lb. Per S.F.Sheathing Gypsum 1� thick 4 Metal Aluminum Corr. & ribbed, .024� to .040� .4-.8

Wood ¾� thick 3 Copper or tin 1.5-2.5Insulation per 1� Loose .5 Steel Corrugated, 29 ga. to 12 ga. .6-5.0

Poured in place 2 Shingles Asphalt Strip shingles 1.7-2.8Rigid 1.5 Clay Tile 8-16

Built-up Tar & 3 ply felt 5.5 Slate ¼’’ thick 9.5gravel 5 ply felt 6.5 Wood 2-3

648

Reference Aids RL1010-200 Dead Load, Material WeightsTable L1010-203 Design Weight per Square Foot for Floor Fills and Finishes

Type Description Weightlb. per S.F. Type Description Weight

lb. per S.F.Floor per 1� Cinder fill 5 Wood Single On sleepers, light concrete fill 16

fill Cinder concrete 9 7/8� On sleepers, stone concrete fill 25Lightweight concrete 3-9 Double On sleepers, light concrete fill 19Stone concrete 12 7/8� On sleepers, stone concrete fill 28Sand 8 3� Wood block on mastic, no fill 15Gypsum 6 Wood block on ½� mortar 16

Terrazzo 1� Terrazzo, 2� stone concrete 25 per 1� Hardwood flooring (25/32�) 4Marble and mortar on stone concrete fill 33 Underlayment (Plywood per 1�) 3

Resilient 1/16�-1/4� Linoleum, asphalt, vinyl tile 2 Asphalt 1-1/2� Mastic flooring 18Tile 3/4� Ceramic or quarry 10 2� Block on ½� mortar 30

Table L1010-204 Design Weight Per Cubic Foot for Miscellaneous MaterialsType Description Weight

lb. per C.F. Type Description Weightlb. per C.F.

Bituminous Coal, piled Anthracite 47-58 Masonry Ashlar Granite 165Bituminous 40-54 Limestone, crystalline 165Peat, turf, dry 47 Limestone, oolitic 135Coke 75 Marble 173

Petroleum Unrefined 54 Sandstone 144Refined 50 Rubble, Granite 155Gasoline 42 in mortar Limestone, crystalline 147

Pitch 69 Limestone, oolitic 138Tar Bituminous 75 Marble 156

Concrete Plain Stone aggregate 144 Sandstone & Bluestone 130Slag aggregate 132 Brick Pressed 140Expanded slag aggregate 100 Common 120Haydite (burned clay agg.) 90 Soft 100Vermiculite & perlite, load bearing 70-105 Cement Portland, loose 90Vermiculite & perlite, non load bear 35-50 Portland set 183

Reinforced Stone aggregate 150 Lime Gypsum, loose 53-64Slag aggregate 138 Mortar Set 103Lightweight aggregates 30-120 Metals Aluminum Cast, hammered 165

Earth Clay Dry 63 Brass Cast, rolled 534Damp, plastic 110 Bronze 7.9 to 14% Sn 509and gravel, dry 100 Copper Cast, rolled 556

Dry Loose 76 Iron Cast, pig 450Packed 95 Wrought 480

Moist Loose 78 Lead 710Packed 96 Monel 556

Mud Flowing 108 Steel Rolled 490Packed 115 Tin Cast, hammered 459

Riprap Limestone 80-85 Zinc Cast rolled 440Sandstone 90 Timber Cedar White or red 24.2Shale 105 Fir Douglas 23.7

Sand & Dry, loose 90-105 Eastern 25gravel Dry, packed 100-120 Maple Hard 44.5

Wet 118-120 White 33Gases Air 0C., 760 mm. .0807 Oak Red or Black 47.3

Gas Natural .0385 White 47.3Liquids Alcohol 100% 49 Pine White 26

Water 4°C., maximum density 62.5 Yellow, long leaf 44Ice 56 Yellow, short leaf 38Snow, fresh fallen 8 Redwood California 26Sea water 64 Spruce White or black 27

649

Reference Aids RL1010-220 Dead Load, System WeightsTable L1010-225 Design Weight Per S.F. for Structural Floor and Roof Systems

Type Description Weight in Pounds per S.F.Slab Slab Depth in Inches

Concrete Reinforced Stone aggregate 1� 12.5 2� 25 3� 37.5 4� 50 5� 62.5 6� 75Slab Lightweight sand aggregate 9.5 19 28.5 38 47.5 57

All lightweight aggregate 9.0 18 27.0 36 45.0 54Plain, nonrein- Stone aggregate 12.0 24 36.0 48 60.0 72forced Lightweight sand aggregate 9.0 18 27.0 36 45.0 54

All lightweight aggregate � 8.5 � 17 � 25.5 � 34 � 42.5 � 51Concrete 19� x 19� 5� wide ribs @ 24� O.C. 6+3 77 8+3 92 10+3 100 12+3 118Waffle 6+4 1⁄2 96 8+41⁄2 110 10+41⁄2 119 12+41⁄2 136

30� x 30� 6� wide ribs @ 36� O.C. 8+3 83 10+3 95 12+3 109 14+3 118 16+3 130 20+3 1558+41⁄2 101 10+41⁄2 113 12+41⁄2 126 14+41⁄2 137 16+41⁄2 149 20+41⁄2 173

Concrete 20� wide form 5� wide rib 8+3 60 10+3 67 12+3 74 14+3 81Joist 6� wide rib � 63 � 70 � 78 � 86 16+3 94 20+3 111

7� wide rib � 99 � 1185� wide rib 8+41⁄2 79 10+41⁄2 85 12+41⁄2 92 14+41⁄2 996� wide rib � 82 � 89 � 97 � 104 16+41⁄2 113 20+41⁄2 1307� wide rib � 118 � 136

30� wide form 5� wide rib 8+3 54 10+3 58 12+3 63 14+3 686� wide rib � 56 � 61 � 67 � 72 16+3 78 20+3 917� wide rib � 83 � 965� wide rib 8+41⁄2 72 10+41⁄2 77 12+41⁄2 82 14+41⁄2 876� wide rib � 75 � 80 � 85 � 91 16+41⁄2 97 20+41⁄2 1097� wide rib � 101 � 115

Wood Incl. Subfloor 12� O.C. 2x6 6 2x8 6 2x10 7 2x12 8 3x8 8 3x12 11Joists 16� O.C. � 5 � 6 � 6 � 7 � 7 � 9

Table L1010-226 Superimposed Dead Load RangesComponent Load Range (PSF)Ceiling 5-10Partitions 20-30Mechanical 4-8

650

Reference Aids RL1010-300 Wind LoadsTable L1010-301 Design Loads for Structuresfor Wind LoadWind Loads: Structures are designed to resist the wind force from anydirection. Usually 2/3 is assumed to act on the windward side, 1/3 on theleeward side.For more than 1/3 openings, add 10 psf for internal wind pressure or 5 psffor suction, whichever is critical.For buildings and structures, use psf values from Table L1010-301.For glass over 4 S.F. use values in Table L1010-302 after determining 30′wind velocity from Table L1010-303.

Type Height Horizontal LoadStructure Above Grade in Lb. per S.F.

Buildings Up to 50 ft. 1550 to 100 ft. 20Over 100 ft. 20 + .025 per ft.

Ground signs & Up to 50 ft. 15towers Over 50 ft. 20

Roof structures 30

Glass See Table below

Table L1010-302 Design Wind Load in PSF for Glass at Various Elevations (BOCA Code)Height Velocity in Miles per Hour and Design Load in Pounds per S.F.

From Grade Vel. PSF Vel. PSF Vel. PSF Vel. PSF Vel. PSF Vel. PSF Vel. PSF Vel. PSF Vel. PSF Vel. PSF Vel. PSFTo 10 ft. 42 6 46 7 49 8 52 9 55 10 59 11 62 12 66 14 69 15 76 19 83 2210-20 52 9 58 11 61 11 65 14 70 16 74 18 79 20 83 22 87 24 96 30 105 3520-30* 60 12 67 14 70 16 75 18 80 20 85 23 90 26 95 29 100 32 110 39 120 4630-60 66 14 74 18 77 19 83 22 88 25 94 28 99 31 104 35 110 39 121 47 132 5660-120 73 17 82 21 85 12 92 27 98 31 104 35 110 39 116 43 122 48 134 57 146 68120-140 81 21 91 26 95 29 101 33 108 37 115 42 122 48 128 52 135 48 149 71 162 84240-480 90 26 100 32 104 35 112 40 119 45 127 51 134 57 142 65 149 71 164 86 179 102480-960 98 31 110 39 115 42 123 49 131 55 139 62 148 70 156 78 164 86 180 104 197 124Over 960 98 31 110 39 115 42 123 49 131 55 139 62 148 70 156 78 164 86 180 104 197 124

*Determine appropriate wind at 30′ elevation Fig. L1010-303 below.

Table L1010-303 Design Wind Velocity at 30 Ft. Above Ground

651

Reference Aids RL1010-400 Snow LoadsTable L1010-401 Snow Load in Pounds Per Square Foot on the Ground

Table L1010-402 Snow Load in Pounds Per Square Foot on the Ground

652

Reference Aids RL1010-400 Snow LoadsTable L1010-403 Snow LoadsTo convert the ground snow loads on the previous page to roof snow loads,the ground snow loads should be multiplied by the following factorsdepending upon the roof characteristics.

Note, in all casesα - 30

50is valid only for > 30 degrees.

Description Sketch Formula Angle Conversion Factor = Cƒ

Sheltered ExposedSimple flat andshed roofs For � � 30° 0° to 30° 0.8 0.6

Cƒ = 0.8 −� − 3050

40o 0.6 0.4550o 0.4 0.360o 0.2 0.15

70° to 90° 0 0

Case I Case IISimple gable andhip roofs 10° 0.8 —

Cƒ = 0.8 −� − 3050

20° 0.8 —30° 0.8 1.040° 0.6 0.75

Cƒ = 1.25 (0.8−(� − 3050

) 50° 0.4 0.560° 0.2 0.25

Valley areas of � =�1 + �2

2Two span roofs � ≤ 10° use Case I only

Cƒ= 0.8 −� − 3050

� � 10°� � 20o use Case I & II

� ≥ 20° use Case I, II & III

Cƒ = 15 hgLower level of When 15 h

g� .8, use 0.8

multi level roofs h = difference in(or on an adjacent roof height in feetbuilding not more g = ground snow load in psfthen 15 ft. away) w = width of drift When 15 h

g� 3.0, use 3.0

For h � 5, w = 10h �15, w = 30

Summary of above:

1. For flat roofs or roofs up to 30°, use 0.8 x ground snow load for theroof snow load.

2. For roof pitches in excess of 30°, conversion factor becomes lowerthan 0.8.

3. For exposed roofs there is a further 25% reduction of conversion factor.4. For steep roofs a more highly loaded half span must be considered.5. For shallow roof valleys conversion factor is 0.8.

6. For moderate roof valleys, conversion factor is 1.0 for half the span.7. For steep roof valleys, conversion factor is 1.5 for one quarter of the

span.8. For roofs adjoining vertical surfaces the conversion factor is up to 3.0

for part of the span.9. If snow load is less than 30 psf, use water load on roof for clogged

drain condition.

653

Reference Aids RL1020-100 Area RequirementsTable L1020-101 Floor Area RatiosTable below lists commonly used gross to net area and net to gross arearatios expressed in % for various building types.

Gross to Net Net to Gross Gross to Net Net to GrossBuilding Type Ratio Ratio Building Type Ratio Ratio

Apartment 156 64 School Buildings (campus type)Bank 140 72 Administrative 150 67Church 142 70 Auditorium 142 70Courthouse 162 61 Biology 161 62Department Store 123 81 Chemistry 170 59Garage 118 85 Classroom 152 66Hospital 183 55 Dining Hall 138 72Hotel 158 63 Dormitory 154 65Laboratory 171 58 Engineering 164 61Library 132 76 Fraternity 160 63Office 135 75 Gymnasium 142 70Restaurant 141 70 Science 167 60Warehouse 108 93 Service 120 83

Student Union 172 59

The gross area of a building is the total floor area based on outsidedimensions.The net area of a building is the usable floor area for the function intendedand excludes such items as stairways, corridors, and mechanical rooms.

In the case of a commercial building, it might be considered as the “leasablearea.”

654

Reference Aids RL1020-200 Partition/Door GuidelinesTable L1020-201 Partition/Door Density

Building Type Stories Partition/Density Doors Description of PartitionApartments 1 story 9 SF/LF 90 SF/door Plaster, wood doors & trim

2 story 8 SF/LF 80 SF/door Drywall, wood studs, wood doors & trim3 story 9 SF/LF 90 SF/door Plaster, wood studs, wood doors & trim5 story 9 SF/LF 90 SF/door Plaster, metal studs, wood doors & trim6-15 story 8 SF/LF 80 SF/door Drywall, metal studs, wood doors & trim

Bakery 1 story 50 SF/LF 500 SF/door Conc. block, paint, door & drywall, wood studs2 story 50 SF/LF 500 SF/door Conc. block, paint, door & drywall, wood studs

Bank 1 story 20 SF/LF 200 SF/door Plaster, wood studs, wood doors & trim2-4 story 15 SF/LF 150 SF/door Plaster, metal studs, wood doors & trim

Bottling Plant 1 story 50 SF/LF 500 SF/door Conc. block, drywall, metal studs, wood trimBowling Alley 1 story 50 SF/LF 500 SF/door Conc. block, wood & metal doors, wood trimBus Terminal 1 story 15 SF/LF 150 SF/door Conc. block, ceramic tile, wood trimCannery 1 story 100 SF/LF 1000 SF/door Drywall on metal studsCar Wash 1 story 18 SF/LF 180 SF/door Concrete block, painted & hollow metal doorDairy Plant 1 story 30 SF/LF 300 SF/door Concrete block, glazed tile, insulated cooler doorsDepartment Store 1 story 60 SF/LF 600 SF/door Drywall, metal studs, wood doors & trim

2-5 story 60 SF/LF 600 SF/door 30% concrete block, 70% drywall, wood studsDormitory 2 story 9 SF/LF 90 SF/door Plaster, concrete block, wood doors & trim

3-5 story 9 SF/LF 90 SF/door Plaster, concrete block, wood doors & trim6-15 story 9 SF/LF 90 SF/door Plaster, concrete block, wood doors & trim

Funeral Home 1 story 15 SF/LF 150 SF/door Plaster on concrete block & wood studs, paneling2 story 14 SF/LF 140 SF/door Plaster, wood studs, paneling & wood doors

Garage Sales & Service 1 story 30 SF/LF 300 SF/door 50% conc. block, 50% drywall, wood studsHotel 3-8 story 9 SF/LF 90 SF/door Plaster, conc. block, wood doors & trim

9-15 story 9 SF/LF 90 SF/door Plaster, conc. block, wood doors & trimLaundromat 1 story 25 SF/LF 250 SF/door Drywall, wood studs, wood doors & trimMedical Clinic 1 story 6 SF/LF 60 SF/door Drywall, wood studs, wood doors & trim

2-4 story 6 SF/LF 60 SF/door Drywall, metal studs, wood doors & trimMotel 1 story 7 SF/LF 70 SF/door Drywall, wood studs, wood doors & trim

2-3 story 7 SF/LF 70 SF/door Concrete block, drywall on metal studs, wood panelingMovie Theater 200-600 seats 1 story 18 SF/LF 180 SF/door Concrete block, wood, metal, vinyl trim

601-1400 seats 20 SF/LF 200 SF/door Concrete block, wood, metal, vinyl trim1401-22000 seats 25 SF/LF 250 SF/door Concrete block, wood, metal, vinyl trim

Nursing Home 1 story 8 SF/LF 80 SF/door Drywall, metal studs, wood doors & trim2-4 story 8 SF/LF 80 SF/door Drywall, metal studs, wood doors & trim

Office 1 story 20 SF/LF 200-500 SF/door 30% concrete block, 70% drywall on wood studs2 story 20 SF/LF 200-500 SF/door 30% concrete block, 70% drywall on metal studs3-5 story 20 SF/LF 200-500 SF/door 30% concrete block, 70% movable partitions6-10 story 20 SF/LF 200-500 SF/door 30% concrete block, 70% movable partitions11-20 story 20 SF/LF 200-500 SF/door 30% concrete block, 70% movable partitions

Parking Ramp (Open) 2-8 story 60 SF/LF 600 SF/door Stair and elevator enclosures onlyParking garage 2-8 story 60 SF/LF 600 SF/door Stair and elevator enclosures onlyPre-Engineered Steel 1 story 0

Store 1 story 60 SF/LF 600 SF/door Drywall on metal studs, wood doors & trimOffice 1 story 15 SF/LF 150 SF/door Concrete block, movable wood partitionsShop 1 story 15 SF/LF 150 SF/door Movable wood partitions

Warehouse 1 story 0Radio & TV Broadcasting 1 story 25 SF/LF 250 SF/door Concrete block, metal and wood doors& TV Transmitter 1 story 40 SF/LF 400 SF/door Concrete block, metal and wood doorsSelf Service Restaurant 1 story 15 SF/LF 150 SF/door Concrete block, wood and aluminum trimCafe & Drive-in Restaurant 1 story 18 SF/LF 180 SF/door Drywall, metal studs, ceramic & plastic trimRestaurant with seating 1 story 25 SF/LF 250 SF/door Concrete block, paneling, wood studs & trimSupper Club 1 story 25 SF/LF 250 SF/door Concrete block, paneling, wood studs & trimBar or Lounge 1 story 24 SF/LF 240 SF/door Plaster or gypsum lath, wooded studsRetail Store or Shop 1 story 60 SF/LF 600 SF/door Drywall metal studs, wood doors & trimService Station Masonry 1 story 15 SF/LF 150 SF/door Concrete block, paint, door & drywall, wood studs

Metal panel 1 story 15 SF/LF 150 SF/door Concrete block, paint, door & drywall, wood studsFrame 1 story 15 SF/LF 150 SF/door Drywall, wood studs, wood doors & trim

Shopping Center (strip) 1 story 30 SF/LF 300 SF/door Drywall, metal studs, wood doors & trim(group) 1 story 40 SF/LF 400 SF/door 50% concrete block, 50% drywall, wood studs

2 story 40 SF/LF 400 SF/door 50% concrete block, 50% drywall, wood studsSmall Food Store 1 story 30 SF/LF 300 SF/door Concrete block drywall, wood studs, wood trimStore/Apt. above Masonry 2 story 10 SF/LF 100 SF/door Plaster, metal studs, wood doors & trim

Frame 2 story 10 SF/LF 100 SF/door Plaster, metal studs, wood doors & trimFrame 3 story 10 SF/LF 100 SF/door Plaster, metal studs, wood doors & trim

Supermarkets 1 story 40 SF/LF 400 SF/door Concrete block, paint, drywall & porcelain panelTruck Terminal 1 story 0Warehouse 1 story 0

655

Reference Aids RL1020-300 Building Code RequirementsTable L1020-301 Occupancy Determinations

Function of Space SF/Person RequiredAccessory storage areas, mechanical equipment rooms 300Agriculture Building 300Aircraft Hangars 500Airport Terminal

Baggage claim 20Baggage handling 300Concourse 100Waiting areas 15

AssemblyGaming floors (keno, slots, etc.) 11Exhibit Gallery and Museum 30

Assembly w/ fixed seats load determined by seat numberAssembly w/o fixed seats

Concentrated (chairs only-not fixed) 7Standing space 5Unconcentrated (tables and chairs) 15

Bowling centers, allow 5 persons for each lane including 15 feet of runway, and for additional areas 7Business areas 100Courtrooms--other than fixed seating areas 40Day care 35Dormitories 50Educational

Classroom areas 20Shops and other vocational room areas 50

Exercise rooms 50Fabrication and Manufacturing areas where hazardous materials are used 200Industrial areas 100Institutional areas

Inpatient treatment areas 240Outpatient areas 100Sleeping areas 120

Kitchens commercial 200Library

Reading rooms 50Stack area 100

MercantileAreas on other floors 60Basement and grade floor areas 30Storage, stock, shipping areas 300

Parking garages 200Residential 200Skating rinks, swimming pools

Rink and pool 50Decks 15

Stages and platforms 15Warehouses 500

Excerpted from the 2012 International Building Code, Copyright 2011. Washington, D.C.: International Code Council.Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. www.ICCSAFE.org

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Reference Aids RL1020-300 Building Code RequirementsTable L1020-302 Length of Exitway Access Travel (ft.)

Occupancy Type Without Sprinkler System (feet) With Sprinkler System (feet)

A, E, F-1, M, R, S-1 200 250I-1 Not Permitted 250B 200 300

F-2, S-2, U 300 400H-1 Not Permitted 75H-2 Not Permitted 100H-3 Not Permitted 150H-4 Not Permitted 175H-5 Not Permitted 200

I-2, I-3, I-4 Not Permitted 200

Note:Refer to the 2012 International Building Code Section 1016 Exit Access Travel Distance for any exceptions or additions to the information aboveExcerpted from the 2012 International Building Code, Copyright 2011. Washington, D.C.: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission.All rights reserved. www.ICCSAFE.org

Table L1020-303 Capacity Per Unit Egress Width*Without Fire Suppression System

(Inches per Person)*With Fire Suppression System

(Inches per Person)*

Use Group Stairways Doors, Rampsand Corridors Stairways Doors, Ramps

and CorridorsAssembly, Business, Educational, FactoryIndustrial, Mercantile, Residential, Storage 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.15Institutional—1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.15Institutional—2 — 0.7 0.3 0.2Institutional—3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.15High Hazard 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.2

* 1″=25.4 mm

656

ReferenceAids

Reference Aids RL1030-400 Thermal Properties of MaterialsTable L1030-401 Resistances (“R”) of Building and Insulating Materials

MaterialWt./Lbs.

perC.F.

RperInch

RListedSize

Air Spaces and SurfacesEnclosed non-reflective spaces, E=0.8250° F mean temp., 30°/10° F diff..5� .90/.91.75� .94/1.011.50� .90/1.023.50� .91/1.01Inside vert. surface (still air) 0.68Outside vert. surface (15 mph wind) 0.17

Building BoardsAsbestos cement, 0.25� thick 120 0.06Gypsum or plaster, 0.5� thick 50 0.45Hardboard regular 50 1.37

Tempered 63 1.00Laminated paper 30 2.00Particle board 37 1.85

50 1.0663 0.85

Plywood (Douglas Fir), 0.5� thick 34 0.62Shingle backer, .375� thick 18 0.94Sound deadening board, 0.5� thick 15 1.35Tile and lay-in panels, plain or

acoustical, 0.5� thick 18 1.25Vegetable fiber, 0.5� thick 18 1.32

25 1.14Wood, hardwoods 48 0.91

Softwoods 32 1.25Flooring Carpet with fibrous pad 2.08

With rubber pad 1.23Cork tile, 1/8� thick 0.28Terrazzo 0.08Tile, resilient 0.05Wood, hardwood, 0.75� thick 0.68

Subfloor, 0.75� thick 0.94Glass

Insulation, 0.50� air space 2.04Single glass 0.91

Insulation Blanket or Batt, mineral, glassor rock fiber, approximate thickness

3.0� to 3.5� thick 113.5� to 4.0� thick 136.0� to 6.5� thick 196.5� to 7.0� thick 228.5� to 9.0� thick 30

BoardsCellular glass 8.5 2.63Fiberboard, wet felted

Acoustical tile 21 2.70Roof insulation 17 2.94

Fiberboard, wet moldedAcoustical tile 23 2.38

Mineral fiber with resin binder 15 3.45Polystyrene, extruded,

cut cell surface 1.8 4.00smooth skin surface 2.2 5.00

3.5 5.26Bead boards 1.0 3.57

Polyurethane 1.5 6.25Wood or cane fiberboard, 0.5� thick 1.25

MaterialWt./Lbs.

perC.F.

RperInch

RListedSize

Insulation Loose FillCellulose 2.3 3.13

3.2 3.70Mineral fiber, 3.75� to 5� thick 2-5 11

6.5� to 8.75� thick 197.5� to 10� thick 2210.25� to 13.75� thick 30

Perlite 5-8 2.70Vermiculite 4-6 2.27Wood fiber 2-3.5 3.33

Masonry Brick, Common 120 0.20Face 130 0.11

Cement mortar 116 0.20Clay tile, hollow

1 cell wide, 3� width 0.804� width 1.11

2 cells wide, 6� width 1.528� width 1.8510� width 2.22

3 cells wide, 12� width 2.50Concrete, gypsum fiber 51 0.60

Lightweight 120 0.1980 0.4040 0.86

Perlite 40 1.08Sand and gravel or stone 140 0.08

Concrete block, lightweight3 cell units, 4�-15 lbs. ea. 1.68

6�-23 lbs. ea. 1.838�-28 lbs. ea. 2.1212�-40 lbs. ea. 2.62

Sand and gravel aggregates,4�-20 lbs. ea. 1.176�-33 lbs. ea. 1.298�-38 lbs. ea. 1.4612�-56 lbs. ea. 1.81

Plastering Cement Plaster,Sand aggregate 116 0.20Gypsum plaster, Perlite aggregate 45 0.67

Sand aggregate 105 0.18Vermiculite aggregate 45 0.59

RoofingAsphalt, felt, 15 lb. 0.06

Rolled roofing 70 0.15Shingles 70 0.44

Built-up roofing .375� thick 70 0.33Cement shingles 120 0.21Vapor-permeable felt 0.06Vapor seal, 2 layers of

mopped 15 lb. felt 0.12Wood, shingles 16�-7.5� exposure 0.87

SidingAluminum or steel (hollow backed)

oversheathing 0.61With .375� insulating backer board 1.82

Foil backed 2.96Wood siding, beveled, ½� x 8� 0.81

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Reference Aids RL1030-500 Weather InformationTable L1030-502 Maximum Depth of Frost Penetration in Inches

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Reference Aids RL1040-100 Construction ClassificationTable L1040-101 Fire-Resisting Ratings of Structural Elements (in hours)

Description ofthe

Structural Element

Type of ConstructionNo. 1

FireproofNo. 2

Non CombustibleNo. 3

Exterior Masonry WallNo. 4Frame

Protected Unprotected Heavy Timber OrdinaryPro-

tectedUnpro-tectedPro-

tectedUnpro-tected

1A 1B 2A 2B 2C 3A 3B 3C 4A 4B

Exterior, Bearing Walls 4 3 2 1½ 1 2 2 2 1 1Nonbearing Walls 2 2 1½ 1 1 2 2 2 1 1

Interior Bearing Wallsand Partitions 4 3 2 1 0 2 1 0 1 0

Fire Walls andParty Walls 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Fire Enclosure of Exitways,Exit Hallways and Stairways 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1

Shafts other than Exitways,Hallways and Stairways 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1

Exitway access corridors andVertical separation of tenant space 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

Columns, girders, trusses (other thanroof trusses) and framing:

Supporting more than one floor 4 3 2 1 0 — 1 0 1 0Supporting one floor only 3 2 1½ 1 0 — 1 0 1 0

Structural memberssupporting wall 3 2 1½ 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

Floor constructionincluding beams 3 2 1½ 1 0 — 1 0 1 0

Roof construction including beams,trusses and framing arches and roof deck15� or less in height to lowest member

2 1½ 1 1 0 — 1 0 1 0

Note: a. Codes include special requirements and exceptions that are notincluded in the table above.

b. Each type of construction has been divided into sub-types whichvary according to the degree of fire resistance required. Sub-types(A) requirements are more severe than those for sub-types (B).

c. Protected construction means all structural members are chemicallytreated, covered or protected so that the unit has the required fireresistance.

Type No. 1, Fireproof Construction — Buildings and structures offireproof construction are those in which the walls, partitions, structuralelements, floors, ceilings, and roofs, and the exitways are protected withapproved noncombustible materials to afford the fire-resistance ratingspecified in Table L1040-101; except as otherwise specifically regulated.Fire-resistant treated wood may be used as specified.Type No. 2, Noncombustible Construction — Buildings and structuresof noncombustible construction are those in which the walls, partitions,structural elements, floors, ceilings, roofs and the exitways are approvednoncombustible materials meeting the fire-resistance rating requirements

specified in Table L1040-101; except as modified by the fire limit restrictions.Fire-retardant treated wood may be used as specified.Type No. 3, Exterior Masonry Wall Construction — Buildings andstructures of exterior masonry wall construction are those in which theexterior, fire and party walls are masonry or other approved noncombustiblematerials of the required fire-resistance rating and structural properties. Thefloors, roofs, and interior framing are wholly or partly wood or metal orother approved construction. The fire and party walls are ground-supported;except that girders and their supports, carrying walls of masonry shall beprotected to afford the same degree of fire-resistance rating of the supportedwalls. All structural elements have the required fire-resistance ratingspecified in Table L1040-101.Type No. 4, Frame Construction — Buildings and structures of frameconstruction are those in which the exterior walls, bearing walls, partitions,floor and roof construction are wholly or partly of wood stud and joistassemblies with a minimum nominal dimension of two inches or of otherapproved combustible materials. Fire stops are required at all vertical andhorizontal draft openings in which the structural elements have requiredfire-resistance ratings specified in Table L1040-101.

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Reference Aids RL1040-200 Fire Hazard ClassificationTable L1040-201 Fire Resistance RatingsFire Hazard for Fire WallsThe degree of fire hazard of buildings relating to their intended use isdefined by ‘‘Fire Rating’’ the occupancy type. Such a rating system is listedin the Table L1040-201 below. This type of rating determines the

requirements for fire walls and fire separation walls (exterior fire exposure).For mixed use occupancy, use the higher Fire Rating requirement of thecomponents.

Group Fire-Resistance Rating (hours)

A, B, E, H-41, I, R-1, R-2, U 3F-12, H-31, H-51, M, S-1 3H-11, H-21 4F-23, S-2, R-3, R-4 2

Note: *The difference in ‘‘Fire Hazards’’ is determined by their occupancy and use.1. High Hazard: Industrial and storage buildings in which the combustible

contents might cause fires to be unusually intense or whereexplosives, combustible gases or flammable liquids aremanufactured or stored.

2. Moderate Hazard: Mercantile buildings, industrial and storage buildingsin which combustible contents might cause fires ofmoderate intensity.

3. Low Hazard: Business buildings that ordinarily do not burn rapidly.Note:In Type II or V construction, walls shall be permitted to have a 2-hour fire-resistance rating.Table 706.4Excerpted from the 2012 International Building Code, Copyright 2011. Washington, D.C.: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission.All rights reserved. www.ICCSAFE.org

Table L1040-202 Interior Finish ClassificationFlame Spread for Interior FinishesThe flame spreadability of a material is the burning characteristic of thematerial relative to the fuel contributed by its combustion and the densityof smoke developed. The flame spread classification of a material is basedon a ten minute test on a scale of 0 to 100. Cement asbestos board is assigneda rating of 0 and select red oak flooring a rating of 100.

The three classes are listed in Table L1040-202.The flame spread ratings for interior finish walls and ceilings shall not begreater than the Class listed in the Table L1040-203.

Finish Class Flame Spread Index Smoke Developed Index

A 0-25 0-450B 26-75 0-450C 76-200 0-450

Section 803.1.1 Interior wall and ceiling finish materialsExcerpted from the 2012 International Building Code, Copyright 2011. Washington, D.C.: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission.All rights reserved. www.ICCSAFE.org

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ReferenceAids

Reference Aids RL1040-200 Fire Hazard ClassificationTable L1040-203 Interior Finish Requirements by Class

Group

Sprinklered Nonsprinklered

Interior exit stairways,interior exit ramps and

exit passagewaysNote a, b

Corridors and enclosurefor exit access stairwaysand exit access ramps

Rooms and enclosedspacesNote c

Interior exit stairways,interior exit ramps and

exit passagewaysNote a, b

Corridors and enclosurefor exit access stairwaysand exit access ramps

Rooms and enclosedspacesNote c

A-1 & A-2 B B C A A (d) B (e)A-3 (f), A-4, A-5 B B C A A (d) C

B, E, M, R-1 B C C A B CR-4 B C C A B BF C C C B C CH B B C A A BI-1 B C C A B BI-2 B B B (h, i) A A BI-3 A A (j) C A A BI-4 B B B (h, i) A A BR-2 C C C B B CR-3 C C C C C CS C C C B B CU No Restrictions No Restrictions

Notes:

a. Class C interior finish materials shall be permitted for wainscotting or paneling of not more than 1,000 square feet of applied surface area in the gradelobby where applied directly to a noncombustible base or over furring strips applied to a noncombustible base and fireblocked as required by IBCSection 803.11.1.

b. In other Group I-2 occupancies in buildings less than three stories above grade plane of other than Group I-3, Class B interior finish for nonsprinkleredbuildings and Class C interior finish for sprinklered buildings shall be permitted in interior exit stairways and ramps.

c. Requirements for rooms and enclosed spaces shall be based upon spaces enclosed by partitions. Where a fire-resistance rating is required for structuralelements, the enclosing partitions shall extend from the floor to the ceiling. Partitions that do not comply with this shall be considered enclosed spaces andthe rooms or spaces on both sides shall be considered one. In determining the applicable requirements for rooms and enclosed spaces, the specificoccupancy thereof shall be the governing factor regardless of the group classification of the building or structure.

d. Lobby areas in Group A-1,A-2, and A-3 occupancies shall not be less than Class B materials.

e. Class C interior finish materials shall be permitted in places of assembly with an occupant load of 300 persons or less.

f. For places of religious worship, wood used for ornamental purposes, trusses, paneling or chancel furnishing shall be permitted.

g. Class B material is required where the building exceeds two stories.

h. Class C interior finish materials shall be permitted in administrative spaces.

i. Class C interior finish materials shall be permitted in rooms with a capacity of four persons or less.

j. Class B materials shall be permitted as wainscotting extending not more than 48 inches above the finished floor in corridors and exit access stairwaysand ramps.

Section 803.9Excerpted from the 2012 International Building Code, Copyright 2011. Washington, D.C.: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission.All rights reserved. www.ICCSAFE.org

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Reference Aids RL1090-100 Conversion FactorsDescription: This table is primarily for converting customary U.S. units inthe left hand column to Sl metric units in the right hand column.

In addition, conversion factors for some commonly encountered Canadianand non-Sl metric units are included.

Table L1090-101 Metric Conversion FactorsIf You Know Multiply By To Find

Inches x 25.4a = MillimetersFeet x 0.3048a = Meters

Length Yards x 0.9144a = MetersMiles (statute) x 1.609 = KilometersSquare inches x 645.2 = Square millimeters

Area Square feet x 0.0929 = Square metersSquare yards x 0.8361 = Square metersCubic inches x 16,387 = Cubic millimeters

Cubic feet x 0.02832 = Cubic metersCubic yards x 0.7646 = Cubic meters

Volume Gallons (U.S. liquids)b x 0.003785 = Cubic metersc

(Capacity) Gallons (Canadian liquid)b x 0.004546 = Cubic metersc

Ounces (U.S. liquid)b x 29.57 = Millilitersc, d

Quarts (U.S. liquid)b x 0.9464 = Litersc, d

Gallons (U.S. liquid)b x 3.785 = Litersc, d

Kilograms forced x 9.807 = NewtonsPounds force x 4.448 = Newtons

Force Pounds force x 0.4536 = Kilograms forced

Kips x 4448 = NewtonsKips x 453.6 = Kilograms forced

Kilograms force per square centimeterd x 0.09807 = MegapascalsPressure, Pounds force per square inch (psi) x 0.006895 = MegapascalsStress, Kips per square inch x 6.895 = MegapascalsStrength Pounds force per square inch (psi) x 0.07031 = Kilograms force per square centimeterd

(Force per unit area) Pounds force per square foot x 47.88 = PascalsPounds force per square foot x 4.882 = Kilograms force per square meterd

Inch-pounds force x 0.01152 = Meter-kilograms forced

Bending Inch-pounds force x 0.1130 = Newton-metersMoment Foot-pounds force x 0.1383 = Meter-kilograms forced

Or Torque Foot-pounds force x 1.356 = Newton-metersMeter-kilograms forced x 9.807 = Newton-meters

Ounces (avoirdupois) x 28.35 = GramsPounds (avoirdupois) x 0.4536 = Kilograms

Mass Tons (metric) x 1000 = KilogramsTons, short (2000 pounds) x 907.2 = KilogramsTons, short (2000 pounds) x 0.9072 = Megagramse

Pounds mass per cubic foot x 16.02 = Kilograms per cubic meterMass per Pounds mass per cubic yard x 0.5933 = Kilograms per cubic meterUnit Pounds mass per gallon (U.S. liquid)b x 119.8 = Kilograms per cubic meterVolume Pounds mass per gallon (Canadian liquid)b x 99.78 = Kilograms per cubic meter

Degrees Fahrenheit (F-32)/1.8 = Degrees CelsiusTemperature Degrees Fahrenheit (F+459.67)/1.8 = Degrees Kelvin

Degrees Celsius C+273.15 = Degrees KelvinaThe factor given is exactbOne U.S. gallon = 0.8327 Canadian gallonc1 liter = 1000 milliliters = 1000 cubic centimeters1 cubic decimeter = 0.001 cubic meter

dMetric but not SI uniteCalled “tonne” in England and“metric ton” in other metric countries

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