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February 2008
Presented by
Alain Joselzon
for the COPAC Convention on Air Transport and Environment
Reducing Noise, Fuel Consumption and Emissions
A vision, turned into reality, projecting towards the futureA vision, turned into reality, projecting towards the future
Madrid, 14 February 2008
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Contents & Summary
• Introduction
• Aviation is Technology…partly…
• Technology: source of environmental progress…
• …even if interdependencies and trade-offs exist
• …and Aviation is Operations
• Global vision, integration, and cooperation of all actors are key to prepare the future
• Conclusion
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Contents & Summary
• Introduction• Aviation is Technology…partly…
• Technology: source of environmental progress…
• …even if interdependencies and trade-offs exist
• …and Aviation is Operations
• Global vision, integration, and cooperation of all actors are key to prepare the future
• Conclusion
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Introduction - Aviation today
• A worldwide safe, highly performing mass transportation system.Accessible, affordable and used by an increasing majority,Indispensable vector of multiple economic and social activities
• An easy targetDespite unmatched improvement records, resulting from the sector’s continuous quest for perfection (safety, reliability, cost and performance – including fuel burn reduction)
– Every achievement is taken for granted – High expectations of technology-related progress
• Extensive R&D programmes that require huge investments to support needed technology and product development
• Environmental dimension at the top of company and product requirements, to meet to-day’s & to-morrow’s challenges
A high traffic growth sector, making it more visible• Airbus is on its way towards an eco-efficient enterprise through its full
range of activities – ISO14001 certified (sites and products throughout the whole life cycle)
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Contents & Summary
• Introduction
•Aviation is Technology…partly…• Technology: source of environmental progress…
• …even if interdependencies and trade-offs exist
• …and Aviation is Operations
• Global vision, integration, and cooperation of all actors are key to prepare the future
• Conclusion
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Aviation is Technology…partly…• Strong Technology incentive resulting from high requirements
Complex technical products - very high reliability and safety standards
Multi-disciplinary technical domains, multiple criteria to integrate, sophisticated design & optimisation tools, test & validation processes
Relying on top expertise in all domains and very resource-intensive R&D activities (time, expertise, costs)
• Very sensitive to operations Meteorological and flight conditions - Operational procedures
Air traffic management - Infrastructure and Land use Planning
• Very dependent on socio-economic contextfuel price, high competition among manufacturers and airlines, small profit margins
every new product only worth developing if it brings a significant improvement step: mature technologies selected and integrated inline with product requirements and overall optimisation
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Contents & Summary
• Introduction
• Aviation is Technology…partly…
•Technology: source of environmental progress…• …even if interdependencies and trade-offs exist
• …and Aviation is Operations
• Global vision, integration, and cooperation of all actors are key to prepare the future
• Conclusion
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Counter- Rotating Propfan Engines
By Pass Ratio up to 80 open Rotor technology
Innovative Turbofan Architecture• Geared Turbo Fan• Counter-Rotating Fans
Innovative Engine ArchitecturePropulsion System high performance design prospects
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Composite + Advanced Materials
1990 (10-12% *)
2005 (20-25%*)
* Percentage of composites in
structural weight
2010-2015 (50+%*)
CFRP (Carbon)
GFRP (Glass)QFRP (Quartz)
MetalGlare
Composite wing and fuselage
est. structural weight saving ~ 8%
« Materials Baseline »
est. structural weight
saving ~ 15%
Structural Weight Reductions: a considerable progress story
Al/Al-Li20%
Al/Al-Li20%
Titanium14%
Titanium14%
Steel7%
Misc.
7%
Steel7% Steel7%
Misc.
7%
Misc.
7%
Composite 52%Composite 52%
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Achievements: 70% reduction in fuel burn
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 20200%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1950
Relative Fuell/ seat.km
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Aircraft Fleet Fuel Efficiency Recent Trend
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Fuel
l / R
TK (%
)
Based on IATA data
IATA Goal
- 44%
- 25%
~ 70% Fuel Efficiency improvement up to 1990 at product level
Continuing improvement reflected at fleet level (average > 1.5%/year)
IATA goal to improve fuel efficiency by at least 25% by 2020 from 2005
Driven by strong & efficient market forces, combined with inherent fast- evolving high technology, improved operational practices & ATM
Needs sustained research & technology funding from Industry & Governments
~ 70% Fuel Efficiency improvement up to 1990 at product level
Continuing improvement reflected at fleet level (average > 1.5%/year)
IATA goal to improve fuel efficiency by at least 25% by 2020 from 2005
Driven by strong & efficient market forces, combined with inherent fast- evolving high technology, improved operational practices & ATM
Needs sustained research & technology funding from Industry & Governments
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ATM 5-10%
Aircraft 20-25%
Engine 15-20%
Total 50%
ACARE Vision on CO2 Reduction
2000
2020
Potential Potential for for fast broadfast broad--basedbasedsolutions to solutions to bebe takentaken intointo accountaccount!!
ACARE = Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in Europe
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Capacity growth without noise increase Illustration: A380 and London QC departure noise
Capacity doubled at constant departure noiseCapacity doubled at constant departure noiseCapacity doubled at constant departure noise
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
A340-313 A340-642 A380-841
EPN
dB
275t+90t
365t 560t
QC/4QC/2
+285t
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Some Technology Advances in Acoustics
0-Splice Air Intake Liner
Low noise Nacelle(Air Intake)
Low noise Landing Gear
Low noise Nozzle
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Aircraft Design / Configuration : future advances
Low Emissions Systems:Low Pressure Bleed Systems
Fuel Cells Innovative Engine Architecture
(The Right) Advanced MaterialNew Generation Composite
Design & Manufacturing
Breakthroughs for fuel burn & emissions reduction are possible… Fuel Saving is part of aircraft manufacturer’s core business
Powered by bio-fuels
New AircraftDesigns
Flow Control Technologies
Drag Reduction
Nanotechnologies Weight Reduction
Advanced Wing management
New materials, sensors & effectors
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Step by Step approachStep by Step approach
Synergies and Architectures: Energy generation
RATReplacement
H2
Bot
tle
APU Replacement
Ker
osen
e
Alt.
fuel Fuel Cell
System
Expected ~ Next Decade
TIME
Primary Power Supply
Ker
osen
e
FUEL CELLSFUEL CELLS
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Contents & Summary
• Introduction
• Aviation is Technology…partly…
• Technology: source of environmental progress…
•…even if interdependencies and trade-offs exist• …and Aviation is Operations
• Global vision, integration, and cooperation of all actors are key to prepare the future
• Conclusion
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Low CO2Low
fuel burn
Light
Low fuelconsumption
Low Noise
Big
Big
Small
Hot
Cold
Cold
LowMaintenance
Costs
Low NOx
Interdependencies & Trade-offs: a permanent challenge
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Technology & Design drivers
Performance
Operability
Reliability
Maintainability
Durability
Costs
Fuel Efficiency
Emissions
Noise
Comfort
Capacity
SAFETY
TimingMarket
TechnologiesDesign
architecturesconfigurations
Product Development &
Optimization
Environmental requirements need to be balanced with multiple other aircraft design requirements
Environmental requirements need to be balanced with multiple other aircraft design requirements
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Contents & Summary
• Introduction
• Aviation is Technology…partly…
• Technology: source of environmental progress…
• …even if interdependencies and trade-offs exist
• …and Aviation is Operations • Global vision, integration, and cooperation of all actors are
key to prepare the future
• Conclusion
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Aviation is Technology… and Operations
Operational aspects are a major element in aviation environmental effects
• Operational improvements are crucial to environmental efficiency
Important potential gains from operational procedures optimisation (ground, flight, maintenance)
Important potential gains from traffic management optimisation
Some impacts are by essence operational-dependent
• Operational improvements are often combined with / dependent on / technology developments
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Motored GearReduced noiseAutonomy, but …Not a fuel burn reduction
technology (benefit on ground compensated by penalty in flight)
Source: WheelTug 2007
Taxiing with Engines Stopped
High-Speed Towing may save up to 10,000 tonnes fuel per aircraft over a 20 year A320 lifetime !
High-Speed Towing may save up to 10,000 tonnes fuel per aircraft over a 20 year A320 lifetime !
High Speed TowingSignificant fuel burn benefit
potential (tractor vehicle more efficient than aircraft engines at idle)
Operations can bring important environmental benefits, often combined with Technology - Full analysis needed
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Operation: Noise abatement procedures
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
5000 7000 9000 11000 13000 15000 17000 190006 to 17 km from brake release
EPNdB
Meters
Noise profileunder flight path
Standard procedure
Noise abatement procedure
Take off
Axes of research / improvements- Advanced optimised procedures for Take-off & Approach including Systems enhancements- Continuous Descent Approaches (CDA)- Increased Glide Slope Approaches and Steep Approaches
A320-211 / LW = 53 t Flight path and DBAmax below flight path
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0Distance to threshold (NM)
DB
Am
ax
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000CDA IGS -4° baseline
Height (ft)
NAAP: CDA with Increased Glide Slope (-4°)
5 dBA
4 dBA
N i li f 5dBA i t di t h 4dBA fi l h
5 dBA
4 dBA
5 dBA
4 dBA
N i li f 5dBA i t di t h 4dBA fi l h
ApproachCDA with Increased Glide Slope (-4°)
Major Stakes with respect to Operations, Noise & Environmental footprint
• Noise gains & rapidity of optimisation process, TOW, mission, FLEX-TOFF, traffic growth, airport capacity, airborne systems, procedure automation & crew workload, fuel burn & emissions
What Airbus is doing
• High achievements in enabling optimised and automated procedures, maximised environmental benefits and aircraft operability, minimised operator and crew workload, while maintaining or enhancing safety level
• Leading or actively involved in further research & development for enhanced optimisation capability & benefits
• Very active in international efforts to stimulate & frame progress through ICAO/CAEP
Major Stakes with respect to Operations, Noise & Environmental footprint
• Noise gains & rapidity of optimisation process, TOW, mission, FLEX-TOFF, traffic growth, airport capacity, airborne systems, procedure automation & crew workload, fuel burn & emissions
What Airbus is doing
•• High achievements in enabling optimised and automated procedures, maximised environmental benefits and aircraft operability, minimised operator and crew workload, while maintaining or enhancing safety level
•• Leading or actively involved in further research & development for enhanced optimisation capability & benefits
•• Very active in international efforts to stimulate & frame progress through ICAO/CAEP
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Contents & Summary
• Introduction
• Aviation is Technology…partly…
• Technology: source of environmental progress…
• …even if interdependencies and trade-offs exist
• …and Aviation is Operations
•Global vision, integration, and cooperation of all actors are key to prepare the future
• Conclusion
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“REACH” programme
“PAMELA” project
Aircraft Life Cycle: a manufacturer challenge, and a global environmental vision
Airbus fully committed & operational, with ISO 14001, Environmental Management System,
Eco-Efficiency concept & policy in place
Airbus fully committed & operational, with ISO 14001, Environmental Management System,
Eco-Efficiency concept & policy in place
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Clean Sky The Joint Technology Initiative for Aeronautics & Air TransportAirbus is deeply involved in Clean Sky JTI
TargetCO2 ~ -12/-20%Noise ~ -10dB
Will demonstrate & validate technological breakthroughs needed to reach ACARE environmental goals for 2020 *
Mega-project = 1.6 Bn € - 86 partners - 7 years - Ambitious objectives -Wide scope (engines, aircraft, rotorcraft, operations, eco-design) - Actual Demonstrators to be tested - Technology Evaluator to assess realistic technological integrations/combinations
Launched 5 February 2008
Airbus, founding member, plays a leading role (Integrated Technology Demonstrator)
*-50% CO2 emissions, -80% NOxemissions, -50% perceived noise
compared to aircraft in service in 2000
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Contents & Summary
• Introduction
• Aviation is Technology…partly…
• Technology: source of environmental progress…
• …even if interdependencies and trade-offs exist
• …and Aviation is Operations
• Global vision, integration, and cooperation of all actors are key to prepare the future
•Conclusion
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Clean Sky The Joint Technology Initiative for Aeronautics & Air TransportCONCLUSION
• High technology driven industry - Airbus paved the way in several areas -delivered strong improvement trend for noise, fuel burn & emissions
• Manufacturers’ consciousness & responsiveness towards environmental challenges will make the trend continue at the maximum feasible pace
• Airbus is actively & deeply involved in comprehensive R&D aimed at reducing environmental impact, dedicating high resources & expertise
ACARE targets are integrated in Airbus ambitious objectives
• Airbus extends its resolute policy to the whole range of its activities
• Design & technologies are one part of the solutions - Airbus favours a global system approach and has called for all actors to work together closely to address the challenges in the most productive manner
Airbus leads or shares multiple activities in cooperation at national, EU & international levels to efficiently address environmental challenges
In summary, Airbus: strives to leave no stone unturned, and rationally
assess what is underneath, works with thorough determination, full strength,
and in close cooperation with all other actors, to: - maximise its eco-efficiency, - help the Industry prosper responsibly, with less and less impact on the environment, and - contribute to the eco-efficiency of the whole aviation sector.
In summary, Airbus: strives to leave no stone unturned, and rationally
assess what is underneath, works with thorough determination, full strength,
and in close cooperation with all other actors, to: - maximise its eco-efficiency, - help the Industry prosper responsibly, with less and less impact on the environment, and - contribute to the eco-efficiency of the whole aviation sector.
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Muchas Gracias
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