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Reducing Energy, Carbon and Costs
December 2012
Dan Watch, AIA, NCARB, LEED AP
Vikram Sami, LEED AP
Planning Lab Retrofits for 2030 Carbon
Architecture 2030
By the year 2035, approximately three-quarters (75%) of the built environment will be either new or renovated. This transformation over the next 25 years represents a historic opportunity for the architecture and building community to avoid dangerous climate change.
Payback
Cost Savings
• Orientation• Chilled Beams• Thermostat Setpoints• Zoning• Benchmarking• Design Charrettes
Short Payback
• Airflow Sampling• Condensate
collection• Ductless Hoods• Energy Recovery• Desiccant cooling
(not for containment)
• Lighting controls• Commissioning• Displacement
ventilation (non-wet lab)
Cost Neutral
• Sunshading & Daylighting
• High performance skin
• VAV• Energy Recovery• Water
management• Low VOC finishes• Flexible Lab
Design
Long Payback
• Photovoltaics• Wind turbines• Solar Hot Water• Ground Coupled
HVAC• Fuel Cells• CHP
THE TEN STEP PLAN :: AN OVERVIEW1. Improve Work Habits
2. Purchase Efficient Laboratory Equipment
3. Understand Building Performance
4. Re-Think the Science of Research
5. Reduce Air Change Rates
6. Energy Recovery
7. Improve Building Envelope
8. Upgrade Mechanical/Electrical Equipment
9. Generate Energy On-Site
10. Address Other Key Issues:• Water Management• Materials Health• Active Design• Finalize Zero Carbon Strategic Plan
Over 10 Projects
Over 15 Projects Over 20 projects
Over 20 Projects 20 Projects
Improving Work HabitsAdjust the Thermostat
• Lower the thermostat 10-15 degrees for 8 hours or more at a time.• In many cases, each degree increase in the heating set point increases energy
use by 3%.• Chinese Codes 64-76 degrees• www.energysavers.gov http://green.harvard.edu/labs/workspace
WARMER in the SUMMER
> 75 F
72 F< 68 F
COOLER in the WINTER
Improving Work HabitsLab Use Habits
COMPUTERS:•Enable Desktop Power Management (putting computers to “sleep” can save over 75% in energy costs)
•Utilize a Print Management System (typically results in 20-30% reduction in printer usage)
Improving Work Habits Lab Use Habits
FUME HOODS:•SASH DOWN when not in use.
•Disable or Remove unused Fume Hoods• Standard 6’ constant volume hood uses over 35,000
kWh/year in chiller and fan energy.
•Combination Sashes• Air volumes reduced by up to 40% over traditional sashes.• Large energy savings.• Familiarity a hurdle sometimes.
Improving Work Habits Lab Use Habits
BIOSAFETY CABINETS:
Exhausted $2100
Recirculating $240
Improving Work Habits Just in Time Inventories
1. Sort and Recycle: Take inventory to determine if everything is still necessary.
2. Label and Store: Label all supplies and store them in a consistent location.
3. Standardize: The bench size with mobile casework.
From this…. To this…..
Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment
Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment LED Lighting
Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment Freezer Specimen Storage
LOW TEMP FREEZERS:•Inventory and Discard- Grad Students
•Defrost and check seals frequently
•Pack samples efficiently
•Share freezers between labs
•Larger units typically more efficient
Elimination of one -80 freezer = $1,000+ savings in energy cost per year (does not account for additional heating load, maintenance and space used)
Room Temperature Storagehttp://medfacilities.stanford.edu/sustainability/downloads/RoomTempStoragePilotResults.pdf
Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment Efficient Mechanical Duct + Plumbing Pipe Design
Traditional 90 degree pipe connections create unnecessary friction and increased energy consumption. Instead, use:
•Bigger Pipes, Smaller Pumps
•Gentle Bends, No 90% Bends
•Shorter Pipes (design pipe layout first, then add equipment they connect)
Use of these strategies have led to a 75% decrease in pumping energy with a 1-2 month payback period.
Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment Plug Load Analysis
Equipment testing and user interviews
Auburn University – CASIC Lab
Aggressive gathering of equipment data
• 20 (12%) Ton reduction in designed chiller size.
• Reduction in number of chilled beams.
• Right sizing reduces reheat.
Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment
Energy Efficient Information from Labs 21/Wiki
Autoclave Linkhttp://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Autoclaves
Bio-Safety Cab Linkhttp://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Biosafety_Cabinets
Centrifugeshttp://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Centrifuges
Cool Roomshttp://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Cool_Room
Incubatorshttp://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Incubators
• $1/sf with a payback that can be less than 1 year.
• “Tuned” systems can also improve occupant comfort.
• Protect assets by ensuring proper function and optimal performance.
• Can be performed on entire existing portfolio and new construction.
• Energy savings can exceed 15-20%, particularly for energy intensive laboratories.
Understand Building PerformanceCommission Major Systems
• Cost $25 - $40 per data point
• Additional $4,000 - $5,000 for web hosted dashboard (for entire building).
• Wireless current transmitters can be easily outfitted onto existing circuits to submeter labs.
• Metering helps with retro-commissioning and budgeting.
Understand Building Performance Metering and Evaluation
WIRELESS CONTROLS
•Wireless telemetry allows for more individual controls.
•Personal feedback allows for occupant behavioral transformation resulting in better operations.
•Integrates well with smart grid technologies.
Understand Building PerformanceMetering and Evaluation
Texas Children’s Neurological Research Institute
• Payback is approximately 1 year
• 4 Air Changes in labs – 2 ACH at night
• Metered data for 18 months• Savings of over $100k
annually• 13,600 cfm reduction in
airflow
“The AirCuity systems work very well. We chose AirCuity for the sensing accuracy and ease of operation.”
~ William ‘Skip’ MiltonAssistant Director Facilities Operation
Texas Children’s Hospital
Reduce Air Change Rates:: Demand Control
Reduce Air Change RatesChilled Beams
Water carries much more energy than air
Smaller ductwork15 air changes reduced to 6 air changes
50+% smaller air handlers
50+% smaller exhaust fans
Smaller chillers
Chillers run more on free cooling
Smaller boilers
Over 15 projects successfully implemented
Chilled Beam Old Technology
Water Pipe
Air Duct – 6 Air Changes
Air-Water
1m
Air Duct - 15 Air Changes+0.5m/Floor
All Air
1.5m
Reduce Air Change RatesChilled Beams
Chiller Plant & Piping -$287,550
Sheet metal -$541,680
AHU Capacity -$717,230
Exhaust Fan Capacity -$346,200
VAV Boxes -$203,400
Temperature Controls +$13,950
Tracking Controls -$526,900
Sec Cooling Systems +$761,860
V-Wedges & Chilled Beams +$762,750
Total First Cost Savings for Mechanical Systems +
-$1,084,400
Reductions in Floor Height by 12’ (4 Floors) -$400,000
-$1,484,400
2.5% Savings in Construction
Case Study: Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
Generate Energy On-siteSolar Hot Water
• Integrating solar hot water, supplemental to or instead of traditional heating, could significantly reduce the need to reheat.
• We have used this on 6 projects – including one lab and two hospitals.• Pictured below – the evacuated tube collector at the Center for Interactive
Research On Sustainability at UBC.
Generate Energy On-siteSolar Photovoltaics (PVs)
NY State Energy & Research Development Agency, TEC-SMART. Photovoltaic panel arrays + two wind turbines produce power, while a ground source heat pump provides heating. The net result is an approximately 40% reduction in energy consumption.We have used photovoltaic energy on over 15 projects to date
Generate Energy On-siteSolar Photovoltaics (PVs)
• http://climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/PV-Industry-Germany-and-China.pdf
• http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2011/07/06/261550/solar-pv-system-cost-reductions/?mobile=nc• http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505123_162-43240662/how-first-solars-tellurium-deal-shows-
the-fragile-economics-of-solar-panels/• http://www.fitariffs.co.uk/eligible/levels/
Generate Energy On-siteWind Turbines
Wind turbines atop Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation’s Research Tower generate up to 10% of the building’s energy.We have used On-Site Wind on 5 projects to date.
Store Energy On-siteGeothermal Heat Storage• Use earth as a heat source (winter) and heat sink (summer)
• Central heating / cooling system that pumps heat to or from the ground.
• Boosts efficiency and reduces operational cost of heating and cooling
• We have used this on over 15 projects to date.
Great River Energy Headquarters uses a wind turbine and a geothermal heat pump.
Living with Lakes Centre at Laurentian University
Buck Institute’s Regenerative Medicine Research Building uses a ground source heat pump.
Store Energy On-siteGeothermal Heat Storage
Recover Energy On-siteHeat Recovery Wheel
Recover Energy On-siteEnthalpy Wheels
• An enthalpy wheel exchanges energy – temperature and moisture.
• A sensible wheel, exchanges only temperature.
• Enthalpy wheels are much more efficient.
• Over 20 projects with Energy Recovery.
The enthalpy wheel at Ohlone College’s Newark Center for Science and Technology is on display so that students can observe and learn from the technology.
Recover Energy On-siteEnthalpy Wheels
Other Key IssuesWater Management
Other Key IssuesWater Management
Laurentian University’s Vale Living with Lake Centre utilizes an on-site rainwater treatment system.
Other Key IssuesMaterials Health
Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard
• Understand existing building energy usage and cost over time.
• Examine retrofit opportunities and weigh cost v/s payback opportunities.
• Pick retrofits that make financial sense and do not jeopardize operations of the facility.
• Weigh monetary and carbon goals. • Finalize retrofit plan.
Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard
Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard
Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard
Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard
Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard
NIH – Energy Usage
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Chilled Water
Steam
Electricity
kBTU
/ft2-
yr
Building #40
• Vaccine Research• 141,398 ft2
• Chilled Water Dominated• Electricity only 8%
Building #40
• Cooling & heating year round
• Over 200 kBTU/ft2 per in some months
• 1,660 kBTU/ft2-yr
• Recommend looking at heat gain as well as alternate equipment strategies.
• Address reheat
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Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard
Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard
Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard
Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard
Getting to Zero
Getting to Zero
Contact Us:
Dan Watch – Southeast [email protected]
Ed Cordes – Central [email protected]
Kay Kornovich – West Coast [email protected]
Bill Harris – Northeast [email protected]
Vikram Sami – Sustainable Design [email protected]
