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Less waste, sharper design
reducing construction wastethrough design
Welcome & introduction
Dave MarshConstruction Project Manager WRAP
Background to reducing waste to landfill
Designers’ key role
Integral part of sustainable construction
Five principles
Practical application
Tools and resources
objectives
Welcome
Introduction – WRAP and designing for resource efficiency (DfRE)
Integrating DfRE
Workshop 1: language and meaning
Break
agenda : session 1
Guest Speaker
The 5 principles
DfRE in practice
The design review methodology
Workshop 2 : identifying opportunities
Q&A
Lunch
agenda : session 2
Guest Speaker
Workshop 3 : prioritising opportunities
Tools and resources
Summary
Q&A, feedback
Close
agenda : session 3
the resource efficiency loop
key sectors
Recycling and waste
industries
Manufacturers and
reprocessors
Regeneration and
landscaping
key sectors
Retailers, brands and their supply
chain
SMEsThird sector
Individuals
key sectors
Agriculture and
horticulture
Construction Local government
materials resource efficiency
Resource Efficiency
Energy Materials Water
Materials in Materials out
Maximise the reuse of reclaimed/recycled
materials
Waste reduction
Materials recovery
WRAP in construction
WRAP works with …
Clients
Designers
Contractors
Suppliers
Waste collectors & processors
“We commit to playing our part in halving the amount of construction, demolition and excavation waste going to landfill by 2012.
We will work to adopt and implement standards for good practice in reducing waste, recycling more, and increasing the use of recycled and recovered materials.”
The Construction Commitments: Halving Waste to Landfill
create design solutions that minimise waste and use
resources efficiently;
identify for clients and contractors the best
opportunities to reduce waste and use more
recovered material;
measure the potential improvement at project level;
support teams in broadening their knowledge of resource
efficient design; and
report annually on overall corporate performance.
designers’ actions
why take action?
FinanceAchieve real cost
reductions
ReputationAchieve clear market
recognition
EnvironmentDemonstrate clear
environmental credentials
PolicyContribute to
strategic objectives
who’s signed up already?
DfRE programme : so far
Exemplar projects
Case studies
Design review methodology
Design team guide
DfRE programme : forthcoming
Regional seminars
RIBA design competition
½W2L support
DfRE screening tool
Design details data sheets
Integrating DfRE
James HurleyTechnical Director Resource Efficiency Hyder
DfRE with BREEAM
Introduction to SWMPs
Architect’s role in SWMPs
introduction
Insert image
MRE
water efficiency
accessibilitysustainable procurement
energy efficiency
future proofing
recycled content
DfRE with BREEAM
BREEAM Requirements BREEAM Points BREEAM Credit
Achieving waste minimisation by reducing waste generation and wastage rates will score BREEAM points based on benchmarks for the whole project.
1, 2 or 3 points depending on tonnage or volume of non hazardous waste produced.
Waste 1
Achieving higher waste recovery will earn BREEAM points based on whole project benchmarks. Increasing site waste recovery, includes reuse (on and offsite) and established recovery rates from various waste streams.
1 point when 75% by weight or 65% by volume of non hazardous construction waste is diverted from landfill.
Waste 1
DfRE with BREEAM
BREEAM Requirements BREEAM Points BREEAM Credit
BREEAM awards a point for the use of recycled aggregate.
1 point when 25% of total aggregate used is recycled.
Waste 2
The site waste management plan is now a legal requirement in England and no BREEAM points are allocated for implementing it.
0 Points N/A
SWMPs
Waste reduction measures
SWMPWaste
estimates
Waste management
Waste arisings
Waste management
Forecast Actuals
implementing SWMPs
implementing SWMPs
RIBA WRAP CABEStage A – Appraisal (briefing) Pre-design PrepareStage B – Preparing strategic briefStage C – Outline proposalsStage D – Scheme design and planning Design and
procurementDesign
Stage E – Detailed Design, final proposalsStage F – Production informationStage G – Tender documents, bills of quantitiesStage H – Tender actionStage J – Project planning, mobilisation Pre-constructionStage K – Operations on site Construction ConstructStage L – CompletionStage M – Feedback Post-construction UseDecommissioning Re-use
Wales and Scotland - support Good Practice
England - support client legal requirements
Identify: - materials to reuse - increased recycled content - DfRE opportunities - waste estimates
architect’s role in SWMPs
Insert image
architects’ influences
Resource Efficiency
Materials
Materials in Materials out
Maximise the reuse of reclaimed/recycled
materials
Waste reduction
Materials recovery
Workshop 1 language & meaning
Task 1 : ice breaker 10 mins
Complete the crossword – the words are below
Task 2 : it’s your choice 20 mins
Select 10 options as a group you consider are most useful in implementing DfRE
Discuss your reasons for your selection
Note the reasons alongside your choice
workshop 1
Break
Guest speaker
The 5 DfRE principles
Design for :
1. Reuse and recovery
2. Off site construction
3. Material optimisation
4. Waste efficient procurement
5. Deconstruction & flexibility
five principles
design for reuse & recovery
Insert relevant image
reuse & recovery
Can materials from demolition be reused in the design?
Can reclaimed products or components be reused?
Can materials be reused at their highest value?
Can excavation materials be reused?
Can cut and fill balance be achieved? How can it be optimised to avoid spoil removal from site?
key questions
design for off site construction
off site construction
Can any part of the design be manufactured off site?
Can site activities become a process of assembly rather than construction?
key questions
design for materials optimisation
materials optimisation
Can the design, form and layout be simplified?
Can the design be coordinated to minimise excess cutting and jointing?
Is the building designed to standard material dimensions?
Can the range of materials required be standardised to encourage reuse of off-cuts?
Is there repetition and coordination of design to reduce number of variables?
key questions
design for waste efficient procurement
Has research been carried out by the Design Team to identify where onsite waste arises?
Have specialist contractors been consulted on how to reduce waste in the supply chain?
Have the project specifications been reviewed to select elements / components / materials and construction processes that reduce waste?
key questions
waste efficient procurement
design for deconstruction & flexibility
Is the design adaptable for a variety of purposes during its life span?
Does the design incorporate reusable/recyclable components and materials?
Are the building elements/components/materials easily disassembled?
key questions
deconstruction & flexibility
Design for :
1. Reuse and recovery
2. Off site construction
3. Material optimisation
4. Waste efficient procurement
5. Deconstruction & flexibility
five principles
DfRE in practice
Matt HarrisonProject Architect White Design
WWF : one plant living
europe 6 hectaresamerica 12 hectares
1.9 hectares per person
Space heating in the home 4%Hot water 4%Lighting and appliances 3%Personal transport 18%Embodied energy of the home 3%Waste and consumer items 20%Food 23%
Shared services 12%(energy for running - schools, hospitals, financial services)
Shared Infrastructure 20%(energy for constructing - schools, hospitals, roads, airports etc.)
WWF domestic carbon impact
Every line on a drawing, every written requirement in a specification has an implication on resource efficiency and potential waste to landfill
What is it made of ?
How was it made?
How long will it last?
Where will go?
How do we dispose of it?
lifecycle thinking
design for reuse & recovery
Insert relevant image
reuse & recovery
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, IslingtonDesign for …
Existing school buildings demolished creating 12000m3 of waste
9600m3 diverted from landfill
Sports and assembly halls reused completely to create construction platform
reuse & recovery
Existing topsoil excavated to depth of 500 mm
Design incorporates extensive soft landscaping
Significant cost and environmental savings
Circle Hospital projects
Total project cost savings
(£)
Tonnes diverted
from landfill (t)
Number of lorry trips avoided
Reuse of excavated soil
107,310 3,833 256
Bordeaux Quay Restaurant : before
Bordeaux Quay Restaurant : after
reuse of concrete structure
reuse of roof timbers and doors
design for off site construction
Southgate College
off site construction
Modular Classroom
Pre-Cast Column
Traditional classroom construction vs modular
Reinforced in-situ column vs pre-cast
Southgate College
off site construction
Total project cost
(£)
Tonnes diverted
from landfill (t)
Number of lorry trips avoided
Pre- fabricated pods
61,382 246 27
Pre-cast columns
41,262 36 3
timber prefabrication
off site construction
internal finish
solid timber
timber fibre
external finish
closed loop production
off site construction
Rethinking School at the BRE
Dartington Primary : supply chain info
design for materials optimisation
Tate Modern 2
Reuse of demolition material
Fair-faced finishwalls
materials optimisation
82% dry-lining and 18% pointing & rendering vs 45% : 55%
Less waste and trade activity, lower cost, wider application within galleries
Total project cost (£)
Tonnes diverted
from landfill (t)
Number of lorry trips avoided
Fair-faced finish internal walls
49,821 4 2
Tate Modern 2
materials optimisation
glued brickwork at UWE
materials optimisation
standardised steel sizes
design to blockwork dimensions
materials optimisation
embodied energy and recycled content
embodied energy is measured in kilowatt hours per tonne
.
1 kilowatt hour = 10 light bulbs for 1 houror a man cycling at 13 mph for 1 hour 20 minutes
he would need to eat 1500 calories to replace the energy
or one big mac, large fries, large coke (not diet)
embodied energy and recycled content
1 tonne of timber = 640 kilowatt hours
1 tonne = x 640
embodied energy and recycled content
1 tonne of bricks = 2,560 kilowatt hours
1 tonne = x 2,560Good RC 5-11%; V. Good RC 20% RC
Better use lime mortar : 100% re-useable
embodied energy and recycled content
1 tonne of concrete = 3,200 kilowatt hrs
1 tonne = x 3,200100% recycled concrete aggregate
Kerbs : Good RC 13% ; V.Good RC 99%Readymix : Good RC 13%
design for waste efficient procurement
contract commitment
jeans - the raw product innotherm - the finished product
waste recycle loop
Carpet manufacturers take-back scheme
Long term relationship
waste recycle loop
Plasterboard recycling containers provided by manufacturers
Ensure this is included in supply contract
design for deconstruction & flexibility
Torfaen Eco Building – designed to move
Flat Pack (ikea)
preFAB frames
preFAB frames with straw bale infill & lime rendered
grow your own?
modcell
Torfaen Eco Building – designed to move
Torfaen Eco Building – designed to move
Torfaen Eco Building – designed to move
The design review methodology
Use existing design team meetings
RIBA stage C
Facilitated workshop
Review
design review methodology
3 sessions
Awareness (project specific)
Creativity
Reasoning
design review methodology
design review methodology
creativity session
How can the design of the building be developed or even changed to reduce waste?
Brainstorm of ideas
Workshop 2 creativity session
Task : creativity session 30 mins
Study the design sketches and overview
Identify opportunities for improving resource efficiency
Note the opportunities on the drawings
Refer back to workshop one cards and previous presentations where necessary
workshop 2
Questions
Lunch
Guest speaker
The design review methodology reasoning session
design review methodology
Implementation
Impact on waste reduction
difficult easy
high
low
next steps
Decide on options
Allocate responsibilities
Review at meetings
Record in SWMP
design review methodology
Workshop 3 reasoning session
Task : reasoning session 30 mins
Assign the opportunities identified in Workshop 2 to the relevant category on the worksheetRecord what would need to be in place to help implement the opportunity (refer back to WS1 cards where necessary)The opportunities that have a high impact on waste reduction and are easy to implement should be discussed in more detail
workshop 3
Tools & resources
design guidance
Achieving effective waste minimisation
design guidance
Achieving effective waste minimisation
Design team guide
Net Waste Tool
It will help you to
Adopt reused materials and higher recycled content
Generate waste forecasts
Identify top opportunities
Apply value engineering
Evaluate performance
Net Waste Tool
Achieving good practice in regeneration projects
reclaimed materials
Achieving good practice in regeneration projects
Reclaimed products guide
reclaimed materials
recycled content
Recycled products guide
recycled content
Recycled products guide
‘Rules of thumb’
SWMP template
wrap.org.uk/construction
Summary
Background to reducing waste to landfill
Designers’ key role
Integral part of sustainable construction
Five principles
Practical application
Tools and resources
summary
Questions & feedback
Close
