Redemption/New SouthEQ: What impact did the New South Movement have on Georgia?

Bourbon Triumvirate

• Made up of Joseph E. Brown, Alfred H. Colquitt, and John B. Gordon

• Bourbon = French Royalty• Triumvirate = 3• Held a firm grasp on Georgia’s

governorship and U.S. senate seats from 1872-1890

Bourbon Triumvirate• Goals:– Expand Georgia’s economy by creating

ties with the North (industry)– Reduce Georgia’s debt– Increase industry– Perpetuate (continue) white supremacy

Bourbon Triumvirate

• Convict Lease System– Businesses could lease (rent) prisoners to

do work• Provide housing, food, clothes, medicine • Sundays off• 15 hour work days, chains, sleeping outside in

cages• Worked to death (literally)

– Joseph Brown and John Gordon• Owned two of the largest companies to use

the system

Bourbon Triumvirate

• Legacy (Good):– Brought industry to Georgia– Reduced Georgia’s debt

• Legacy (Bad):– Continuation of white supremacy– Did not:

• Help the poor• Improve education• Reform factories• Improve hospitals• Improve prisons

Opposition

• Republicans• Independent democrats like

William and Rebecca Latimer Felton

• Opposed Bourbon Triumvirate ignoring the poor and middle class

Rebecca Latimer Felton

• Independent Democrats leader• Leader of the temperance movement– anti-alcohol

• Leader of women’s suffrage movement– Voting rights for women

• Big opponent of the convict lease system– She and her husband used their newspaper

to attack the Bourbons on this issue.

• First woman to serve in the U.S. senate– Appointed to finish Tom Watson’s term

WHAT IMPACT DID THE NEW SOUTH MOVEMENT HAVE ON GEORGIA?

2/27/12

New South

• Henry Grady– “Spokesman of the New South” – Journalist from Athens• Graduate of UGA and the University of

Virginia• Nationally recognized (New York Herald)• Became the managing editor of the

Atlanta Constitution • Used position at the newspaper to

advocate for his New South political philosophy

Henry Grady and the New South

• Wanted the south (Georgia) to become industrialized like the north– Less agriculture, more industry–Helped build industry ties between the

north and Atlanta

• Lobbied for the founding of the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1887– Established as a state school for

vocational and industrial education

Henry Grady and the New South

• Wanted farmers to diversify crops– Grow other things (ex: food) alongside of

cotton– Increase revenue and increase cotton prices

• Wanted better race relations– African-American involvement in New South – Knew better race relations would equal

increased northern investment and support

• Also helped establish the Atlanta YMCA

International Cotton Expo

• 1895 (Cotton States and International Exposition)

• 3-month showcase– 800,000 visitors– 6 states participated

• Showcase of newest technology in transportation, manufacturing, mining, and agriculture

International Cotton Expo

• Goal was to showcase Atlanta as a regional business center and attract investments– Help spur growth and new industry– Northerners came down to “see what the

South had to offer”

• Had certain buildings and exhibits to showcase accomplishments of women and African-Americans– Booker T. Washington’s

“Atlanta Compromise”

“Atlanta Compromise”

• Urged African-Americans to make progress as agricultural and industrial laborers.

• Did not challenge ideas of segregation• Thought African-Americans should

work hard and show whites they were reliable and responsible citizens.– Earn equality

• Prove whites’ prejudices wrong

– Northern African-Americans disagreed

WHAT IMPACT DID THE POPULIST MOVEMENT HAVE ON GEORGIA?

2/28/12

Populist Party• Started in 1892– Emerged out of the demands of the Farmer’s

Alliance

• Led by Thomas Watson• Appealed to poor white farmers that were

hit hard by debt and low cotton prices. • Fought for support of African-American

voters– Did this because white vote was split

between the Democrats and Populist parties– Not very successful

Populist Party• Pro-farmer• Anti-banks• Anti-railroads• Anti-elites

• Wanted:

– 8-hour work day– Government control of

business– Abolition of national

banks– Graduated income tax

(more income = more taxes, less income = less taxes)

– Australian (secret) Ballot

– Direct election of Senators

– Unlimited coinage of silver

Tom Watson• Leader of Populist Party• From Georgia• Very talented writer• Family money problems forced him to

drop out of Mercer University– Still managed to become a lawyer• Very successful

• Elected to Congress as a Democrat in 1890– Left the party to help form the People’s

Party (Populists)

Tom Watson• Farmers’ interests were his main

concern– Poor farmers and sharecroppers especially

• Also supported ending the convict lease system and raising taxes for public education.

• Greatest success was introducing the Rural Free Delivery bill– In House of Representatives – Get mail to rural homes for free

Tom Watson• Mini political retirement in 1896

– After vice-presidential nominee drama

• Got back into politics in 1904– Ran for president under the Populist party– Changed many of his earlier views

• Stance on African-Americans’ voting rights• Became anti-Catholic and anti-Semitic

• Still anti-Capitalist– But not socialist – Pro-working farmers

• Did not win again until 1920, but died two years into his term– Replaced for one day by Rebecca Latimer Felton

Preview for tomorrow…

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Who makes Dr. Pepper? Coca-cola or Pepsi?

• It is neither. Although, Dr Pepper became insolvent in the early 1980s, prompting an investment group to take the company private. Several years later, Coca-Cola attempted to acquire Dr Pepper, but was blocked from doing so by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). Around the same time, Seven Up was acquired from Phillip Morris by the same investment company that bailed out Dr Pepper. Upon the failure of the Coca-Cola merger, Dr Pepper and Seven Up merged (creating Dr Pepper/Seven Up, Inc., or DPSU), giving up international branding rights in the process. After the DPSU merger, Coca-Cola obtained most non-U.S. rights to the Dr Pepper name but, did not fully take the product.