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NBSA SYMPOSIUM 6 NYCRR Part 365 REGULATED MEDICAL WASTE AND OTHER INFECTIOUS WASTES Alan G. Woodard, Ph.D. Research Scientist March 21, 2019 Did you know? The human senses of sight, smell, taste, hearing and touch cannot detect the presence of infectious agents.

Redacted Part 365 Regulated Medical Waste and Other

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Page 1: Redacted Part 365 Regulated Medical Waste and Other

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NBSA SYMPOSIUM

6 NYCRR Part 365REGULATED MEDICAL WASTE AND OTHER 

INFECTIOUS WASTES

Alan G. Woodard, Ph.D.Research ScientistMarch 21, 2019

Did you know?  The human senses of sight, smell, taste, hearing and touch cannot detect the presence of infectious agents. 

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Revised 6 NYCRR Part 360 Regulations

The new regulations became effective on 11/4/17

Existing registered facilities had 180 days to apply for 

renewal

Existing permitted facilities permit continues until renewal or modification

Existing exempt/registered facility now requiring permit should have had a complete application on file with the DEC within 365 days

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Part 360 Revised Series Structure

General RequirementsPart 360

Material Recovery FacilitiesPart 361Combustion, Thermal Treatment, Transfer, and Collection FacilitiesPart 362

LandfillsPart 363

Waste TransportersPart 364Regulated Medical Waste and Other Infectious WastesPart 365

Local Solid Waste Management PlanningPart 366

State Assistance ProjectsPart 369

http://www.dec.ny.gov/regs/2491.htmlURL

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Part 360 Series Applicable to RMW & OIW

RPart 360Series

General Requirements

360.2(b)Definitions

(43)

Part 365

Parts 362 & 363

Part 364

Regulations

• Replaces previous Subparts 360 ‐10 & 17 

• Updates & adds applicable definitions

• Replaces generator standards in Part 364

• Adds new requirements and conforms with other state and federal regulations

• Addresses incidental infectious waste that is not RMW

• Subpart 365‐1 RMW Generators

• Subpart 365‐2 RMW Treatment, Storage, & Transfer Facilities

• Subpart 365‐3 Other Infectious Waste

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Part 360.2(b) Definitions Applicable to RMW & OIW

Alternative treatment systemAnimal research facilityAutoclaveBioburdenBio‐challenge testingBiological drug wasteBiological indicatorBiologicalsBiosafety levelBulk outer packagingCertificate of treatmentClinical laboratoryCultures and stocksCycle

DecontaminationDestroyedDisinfectantDisinfectionForeign animal disease wasteGeneratorHousehold medical wasteInfectious substanceInstitutional wasteLeak‐proofParametric controlPathogenic organismsPatient care areaPharmaceutical waste

Primary containerRadio‐pharmacyRegulated medical wasteReprocessedResidence timeSecondary containerSelect agent or toxinSharpStorage areaThermal treatmentToxic drug wasteToxinTreated regulated medical wasteTreatmentValidation testing

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360.2(b) Definitions

Waste generated in the diagnosis, treatment, immunization of humans & animals, research {Risk Groups 2‐4} pertaining thereto, or in the production and testing of biologicals; provided, however, that regulated medical waste must not include hazardous waste and household medical waste.

(228) Regulated Medical Waste Other Infectious WastesIncidental waste that is not RMW butthat has come into contact with an infectiousagent.  It means any waste generated as a consequence of mitigating exposure to infectious agents (e.g., including waste from work spaces, living spaces, and other similar locations prior to re‐occupancy, etc.).                 It includes any agent classified as Risk Group, 2, 3, or 4 by the NIH in their Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant or Synthetic Nucleic Acid Molecules. {Proposed inclusion of APHIS regulated garbage and organisms}

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7NYS Universe of Regulated Medical Waste  

Select Agent/  Biological Toxin Waste

RMW Not RMW

Cultures & StocksHuman Pathological Waste

Human Blood & Blood Products

Sharps

Animal WasteOther Waste

16 Waste Materials including:

• Human cadavers• Home generated veterinary, self 

administered medical materials &Pharmaceutical waste

• Contaminated foodstuffs• Used healthcare products sent to

manufacturer• Fixed cytological materials• Certain pathological waste• Environmental, quality control

& food samples

BSL 3 & 4 

Waste

RMW ?Trauma/CrimeScene Waste

Blood soakedmaterials & sharps

from tattooparlors, etc.

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RMW Cultures & Stocks 

Human Pathological 

Waste

Animal Waste

Related Waste

Human Blood & Blood Products

Sharps

Other Infectious Wastes

Part 365 Universe of Waste Potentially Contaminated with Infectious Agents

Food/Agricultural Residues

Indirect & Aqueous Residues

Waste Treated in situ with 

Decon Process

Waste from Work and Living Spaces

Mass Animal Mortalities 

Select Agent/  Biological Toxin 

Waste 

Natural Disaster Waste

Residential Waste  

Research & Lab  Waste

Waste Removed & 

Treated ex situ

Vehicles/Soil/Vegetation

Incident InfectiousWaste

Trauma/Crime Scene Waste

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Subpart 365-1 RMW Generators

Applies to all persons who generate RMW except certain facilities regulated by NYSDOH under 10 NYCRR Part 70 

Requires generators to develop a written waste management plan 

Adds containment requirements and storage time frames 

Identifies primary and secondary container requirements (including bulk containers) 

Includes provisions for transfer of RMW for off‐site treatment  

365‐1.2(a) Waste management 

plan

365‐1.2(b) Containment & 

storage

365‐1.2(c) Transfer of RMW for off‐site 

treatment

365‐1.2(d) Treatment on‐

site

365‐1.2(e) Recordkeeping & 

reporting

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Subdivision 365-1.2(b) Generator Containment & Storage requirements

• 24 hours for RMW (except sharps) in patient care or use areas • 72 hours for RMW in laboratories• 90 days for sharps (unless container is filled or generates odors)• 30 days for any RMW in storage area• 60 days in storage area if less than 50 pounds/month• 21 days for bulk packages (roll‐off containers) if below 45 degrees• 14 days for bulk packages if above 45 degrees

365‐1.2(b)(7) & (8)Current 

Enforcement Discretion

Proposed tobe amended

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RMW Management

Unacceptable

Acceptable

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365-1.2(c)(7) RMW & infectious substance packaging and labeling

OSHA’s Universal Biohazard Symbol

The word “Biohazard”

The proper shipping name

The UN identification number

RMW

Infectious Substance(Category A/B)

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Synopsis of Generator Requirements 364‐3.1, 365‐1.2 & 365‐2 

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Subpart 365-2 RMW Treatment, Storage, & Transfer Facilities

Provided The facility only manages its own waste.

‐ Clinical Laboratories; and

‐ Diagnostic & Treatment Centers;

‐ Residential Healthcare Facilities;

‐ Hospitals   (Except Veterans Health Administration Hospitals);

EXCEPT: Facilities defined and regulated by PHL, located at and operated by:

Section 365‐2.1 Applicability

Applicable to all facilities that treat, store or transfer RMW 

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Section 365-2.2 Exempt facilities

Sharps and pharmaceutical drop boxes, and kiosks used by homeowners 

Storage or transfer at site of generation in 

accordance with 365‐1

Source separated used medical devices by the generator sent directly to a manufacturer or re‐processor

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Section 365-2.3 Registered facilities

365‐2.3(a): Storage of radiological RMW at radio‐pharmacies.

365‐2.3(b): On‐site treatment of less than 500 pounds of RMW/month, except facilities operating at BSL 3 or 4, or treating select agents or toxins

365‐2.3(c): Licensed healthcare facilities (pursuant to PHL) that treat, store or dispose of RMW from other generators or are not operated by the healthcare facility.

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Section 365-2.4 Permitted Facilities

On‐site and off‐site storage, transfer or treatment of RMW 

Treatment of RMW delivered by permitted Part 364 transporters

Storage, transfer or treatment of Select Agents and Biological Toxins 

Waste from BSL3 or 4 labs

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Section 365-2.4 Permit

application requirements

Compliance with 360.16 and include the following in 

accordance with Part 365:

‐Waste control plan ‐ Operation and maintenance plan;

‐ Personnel training and safety plan; ‐ Contingency plan; ‐Wash‐water 

management plan;

‐ Description of treatment equipment;

‐ Validation testing plan; and ‐ Closure plan

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Section 365-2.5 Design & operating requirements

A RMW tracking document must accompany each waste load 

Waste must pass through a fixed portal radiation detection system

Bulk packages may not be accepted unless authorized

Controlled handling and storage at all times

RMW recovery and recycling of used medical devices or emptying of containers must employ robotic or mechanical equipment

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Section 365-2.6General treatment requirements

Treatment includes:

Discharge of liquid or semi‐solid to sanitary sewer system;

Discharge of liquid or semi‐solid to an effluent decontamination system; 

Incineration in accordance with Subpart 362‐1;

Decontamination by autoclaving; or 

Decontamination with an alternative treatment system approved by NYSDOH  

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Section 365-2.6 General treatment requirements

Treated waste can be disposed as MSW (commercial waste) if:Treated waste can be disposed as MSW (commercial waste) if:

• Accompanied by NYSDOH Certificate of Treatment (CT)

• Sharps must be both treated and destroyed (rendered unusable) prior to landfill disposal in NYS

• Sharps that are not destroyed must be accompanied by a Medical Waste Tracking Form and a CT and can be combusted

• Disposed at a facility authorized to accept treated RMW

• Cultures and stocks containing select agents or non‐exempt quantities of biological toxins must be handled in accordance with Federal Select Agent Program

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Treatment Technologies Used in NYS (Thermal, Chemical, Irradiation, Other)

Microwave Autoclave

Rotoclave

Alkaline Hydrolysis

Sanipak EDS

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365-2.6(b) Restrictions on autoclave use

Cannot be used for:• RMW mixed with hazardous or 

pharmaceutical waste• Treatment of radiological waste• Recognizable human organs or 

body parts, or animal body parts or carcasses unless approved by DEC or DOH

• Thermally resistant materials such as solidified liquids, or bulk animal bedding exceeding 5 cubic feet

• Biological toxins other than those listed in the BMBL orverified as an effective method for a specific toxin {Proposed amendment}

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365-2.6(i)Validation testing prior to equipment use

Applicable to all 

treatment devices

Validation testing with biological indicators

Verification testing of indicators

Three separate test runs

Periodic repeat 

validation testing

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365-2.6(h) & (i) Requirements for effective treatment facility testing & operations# BIs for TestingD value = 1.8

6 Log Concentration

Load Size(Pounds)

ConsistentOperational Parameters

Consistent Load Composition

Consistent Load Configuration

Consistent Moisture Content

Three test runs,cycle, duration, heat, chemical, or irradiation exposure time, chemical concentration, etc.;For autoclaves, one or more pre‐vacuum cycles or steam pulses

Porosity, liquids, solids, organic matter, thermal resistance & type of packaging

Packing density, orientation, etc.

Wet or dry consistent with waste to be treated

3 0‐1105 111‐5507 551‐11009 1101‐1650

11 or more >1650

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365-2.6(k)(6) Facility

inspection

‐ Licensed professional engineer

• Inspection results must be included in the annual report

‐ Biosafety specialist, or 

‐ Certified industrial hygienist,

Performed by a qualified individual

Annual facility inspection required

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Section 365-2.7 Synopsis of monitoring for treatment

• Parametric controls (Each Cycle)‐ Real time monitoring devices

• Physical & chemical monitors (Each Cycle)‐ Thermochemical indicators & integrators

• Bio‐challenge testing (Routinely)‐ Biological indicators with verified population

Spore Strips

BI‐Self Contained 

Thermo Chemical Indicator Strip

Autoclave Tape

Positive Vs. Negative

Wireless Thermocouples

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365-2.8 Recordkeeping & reporting requirements

A record of RMW managed by quantity & category 

1

Retention of electronic records of validation & challenge testing, parametric monitoring, employee training & corrective actions

2

Annual report submittal summarizing RMW managed, waste bypassed to another facility, operational issues and resolutions

3

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Subpart 365-3 Other Infectious Wastes

Applicable to incidental waste that is not RMW (e.g., materials generated as a consequence of mitigating exposure to infectious agents)

• Exempt from permit or registration if stored (as per 365‐1.2) for a period not to exceed 30 days at site of generation

• Registration required if stored at other than the site of generation & for a maximum of 14 days

• Registration required for temporary treatment devices that passes validation testing and used for less than 90 days 

• Errors in referencing 365‐4  (corrected in West Law version)

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2014 Ebola Virus Lessons LearnedEVD Patients/Waste

• Emory University 350 bags/3058 lbsover 19 days autoclaved on‐site/CDC

• Bellevue 275 drums over• 1 Month or 5 truckloads (up to 

$160,000/truckload)• University Nebraska Medical Ctr

(pass thru autoclave)• Dallas Presbyterian (Incinerate/Port 

Arthur)• NIH Bethesda (autoclaved/residue 

disposed at Ft. Detrick) 

Potential EVD Concerns• Hospital RMW Waste• Residential Waste

‐Wet or dry• Public Spaces? • Non EVD waste • Waste Water/Biosolids• Companion animals/Carcasses• Cadavers• Few trained responders• Waste Packaging• Waste handlers & treatment facilities 

unwilling to accept waste

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Microorganisms Most ResistantPrions (protein)CoccidiaSporesMycobacteriaCystsSmall Non‐Enveloped VirusesTrophozoitesGram‐Negative BacteriaFungiLarge Non‐enveloped VirusesGram‐Positive BacteriaLipid Enveloped Viruses

RMW & OIW Treatment & Disposal ApproachEfficacy MeasuresBiological IndicatorsThermocouplesThermochemical IndicatorsParametric Monitoring 

Other Infectious Wastes

Treated/Untreated/ Disinfected Waste to  Combustion

Indirect & AqueousResidues 

Wet/Dry/Chemical/Thermal

Treated Waste/ Residues/Ash to

Landfill

Regulated Medical Waste

in situ Fumigation &ex situ Wet/Dry Chemical/Thermal

EDS

POTW

Least

Treatment Evidence

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Synopsis of RMW and OIW Considerations

Laws & Regulations (Local, State & 

Federal)

Waste Management

(On‐Site/Off‐Site)

Disposal(Untreated Waste & Treated Residues)

Generation(Waste Collection & Separation) 

• State(s)• USDOT/USEPA• USDA/CDC• OSHA/NIH• USFDA/USPS

•Infectious Waste/Incident • Contamination Characteristics• Spread of Contamination• Dispersion/Resuspension/Tracking• Decontamination• Efficacy/Engineering• Treatment/Handling• Risk Assessment• Social/Economic Impact

• Acceptance Criteria (Public/Private)• Capacity/Compliance • Approvals/Permitted• Liability• Economic Impact

• RMW/Pharmaceutical• Recycling• Chemical/Radioactive• Porous Building Materials• Animal Carcasses• Agricultural Residues• Indirect & Aqueous Residues• Other (Crime/Trauma)

• Packaging/Labeling• Storage/Staging/Transfer• Transport• Treatment/Decontamination• Operations/Monitoring• Reusable Containers• Worker Safety• Permit/Registration/PBR• Special Permit

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QUESTIONS?Please e‐mail any questions to me at:

[email protected] Or call: 518‐402‐8678; And

Contact a DEC Region to Register or Obtain a Permit

http://www.dec.ny.gov/about/50230.html