Recycling

Prepared by

RANDOLPH COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

707 McDowell Road Asheboro, North Carolina 27203

(919) 629-2131, ext. 4269

INTRODUCTION

Our waste stream is made up of many compo- nents with the largest being paper. Paper ac- counts for 38-40% of the volume in our waste stream. Therefore, it is important to decrease the amount of paper entering our landfill by reducing the flow going into it. Recycling not only reduces the flow of waste but also serves as a way for businesses and industry to save money by reducing their disposal costs.

A recent study sponsored by the U.S. Environ- mental Protection Agency estimates that 90% of the waste generated by offices is paper. Twelve office buildings were surveyed and found that office paper recycling reduced the volume of waste on the average of 34%. In one case, the solid waste was reduced up to 78%.

ASSESSING YOUR PAPER POTENTIAL

The first step in planning a successful program for recycling waste paper is to obtain a good estimate of how much paper is generated by your business. It may be more than you think! A simple formula to follow to estimate how much waste paper your business generates in a month is:

(Number of employees)

paper/emplo yee/day) x .51 (avg. Ibs. recyclable

x 22 (avg. working days in a month) - - - lbs. recyclable papedmonth

Large generators may wish to contact a paper dealer and negotiate for the pick-up and sale of their waste paper. Smaller companies or of- fices who produce smaller quantities of paper may wish to use the recycling facilities located at the County Landfill. The county has con- structed a recycling facility and will accept white office paper and computer paper from large or small businesses and industry.

TYPES OF RECYCLABLE PAPER AND ITS CONTAMINANTS

There are several different categories of paper, such as computer paper, white ledger paper and file stock. Paper dealers prefer that the differ- ent kinds be kept separate. This provides them

with a more marketable material and assures the highest market price for paper. If you wish to market your paper, it is advisable to consult with apaper dealer about the different types of paper that are acceptable in order to implement an effective program.

ACCEPTABLE PAPER

Randolph County’s recycling program accepts White Office Paper, and Green Bar Com- puter Paper. A separate collection container will be available for the green bar computer paper at the Recycling Collection Facility.

White Office Paper includesall the following paper types:

White letterhead Plain or bond copying paper Typing and writing paper White forms (non-NCR) White manilla tab cards White notepad paper Adding machine tape White envelopes (without cellophane

White computer paper Other dull finish white paper

windows)

CONTAMINANTS

Contaminants are any materials or items that ruin the value and usefulness of the paper. If contaminants are not controlled, paper can become worthless. Therefore, the following contaminants must be kept out of all office paper brought to the County Recycling Center:

Paper clips Plastic Wet paper Fax paper Soiled paper Glued forms Crayon or wax Post-It notes Paint Laminated paper Carbon paper Glossy paper Self-adhesive labels Tape

Staples (excessive amounts) Thick or hard colored folders Heat sensitive paper Colored paper Food and restroom waste-(plates, cups,

napkins, waxed paper, coffee filters, candy and gum wrappers)

Brown (Krafi) paper-(lunch bags, brown envelopes, brown file folders, boxes)

News quality papers-(phone books, maga- zines,newspapers, inserts, flyers, pocket novels, gray cartons)

Trash-(plastic foam, metal, carbon paper, hard cover books, three-ring and com- puter binders)

GETTING STARTED! A successful office paper recycling program begins at each employee's desk.

At the start ofarecyclingprogram,aRecycling Coordinator should be appointed to organize a method of collection, storage and disposal. Guidelines the coordinator might find useful are :

1. Employees should use a small desk-top recycling container, to be emptied into a large central container (one central container for every 15-20 people).

2. Use posters, memos and stickers that list the kinds of papers being recycled and contaminants.

3. Clearly labeling containers will help prevent employees and visitors from using them as trash cans.

4. Make sure the custodians are informed about the program so that they don't accidentally mix the paper with the trash and throw it away.

machines and other areas convenient and visible to employees.

6. For larger businesses, central contain- ers will need to be emptied into a main storage area. Typically you will need a space that is at least 4 feet by 2 feet. This area should be organized to:

a. Minimize accidental mixing of

b. Meet local fire code requirements e. Provide easy access to the loading

5. Place central containers near copy

trash with recyclables

area

7. Four methods commonly used for storing paper in the main storage area are:

a. Hampers (3' x 4' canvas gurneys

b. Gayiords (4 'x 4' cardboard boxes)

e. Baling (requires a special baling

d. Bulk Storage (Bulk containers

on casters)

machine)

rangepom 1-3 yard bins to 20-30 yard roll-off containers). Contain- ers should provide protection from weather and other adverse conditions.

8. If there is insufficient room to accomo- date a main storage area, store the paper in a temporary area for transport or pick-up the next day.

THE IMPORTANCE OF PRECYCLING Precycling is making an effort to reduce the amount of waste generated each day. There are simple things you can do that will cut back on what you consume as well as what you throw away. Here are some ways to precycle:

1. Make two-sided copies.

2. Use the blank side of used paper as scratch paper, then recycle it.

3. Use mugs and cups from home instead of Styrofoam or paper cups.

4. When circulating memos, use a single copy with a routing slip instead of multiple copies for each person.

5. Buy in bulk to avoid excess packaging.

6. Save paper clips from mail you receive

7. In fact, reuse everything you can!

and reuse.

THE IMPORTANCE OF PURCHASING GOODS MADE FROM RECYCLABLES Altlioughrecyclingreduces the volume ofwaste disposed of, it is only a part of the total recy- cling process. A market must be created for the recycled materials. Only when we purchase goods made from recycled material, are we fulfilling the recycling process.

A Guide to Resources Available To Help You Begin A Recycling Program

For Your Business or Industry

Prepared by RANDOLPH COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

707 McDowell Road Asheboro, N.C. 27203 (919) 629-2131, ext. 4269

WNDOLPH COUNTY RECYCLING DROP-OFF SITES

Presently there are eleven locations to recycle throughout the county. These are listed below: Except where noted, all locations accept aluminum cans, plastic soft drink bottles (PET), white plastic milkjugs (natural HDPE), newspaper, clear, green and brown glass.

ARCHDALE-TRINITY Braxton-Craven Elementary School, Highway 62 Hours: OpenDaily

ASHEBORO W. Wainman Avenue & North Asheboro Fire Station Hours: OpenDaily Accepts: Newspapfx, Aluminum Cans

COLERIDGE DUMPSTER SITE Highway 42 at Erect-Holly Springs Road Hours: Also Accepts: at this site.

FARMER DUMPSTER SITE

Monday-Saturday ................................ 6:OO a.m. to 6:OO p.m. Used Motor Oil and Vehicle Batteries can also be recycled

Highway 49 near Tom's Creek Hours: Also Accepts: at this site.

Monday-Saturday ................................ 6:OO a.m. to 6:OO p.m. Used Motor Oil and Vehicle Batteries can also be recycled

LIBERTY Swannanoa Ave. across from the Post Office Hours: Monday .............................................. 500 p.m. to 8:OO p.m.

Tuesday and Thursday ....................... 9:00 a.m. to 12:OO p.m. Saturday .............................................. 9:OO a.m. to 1:00 p.m.

NORTH CAROLINA ZOOLOGICAL PARK Afica Overflow Parking Lot Hours: Open Daily during Zoo operating hours

RAMSEUR Across from Town Hall Hours: Monday ............................................. 8:OO a.m. to 12:OO p.m.

Wednesday ........................................ 12:OO p.m. to 5:OO p.m. Saturday: ........................................... 8:OO a.m. to 12:OO p.m.

Accepts: Newspaper, Aluminum Cans, Clear and Brown Glass, Milk Jugs and Soft Drink Bottles

RANDLEMAN City Hall in Hilliary Street Hours: OpenDaily

RANDOLPH COUNTY LANDFILL Near Central Falls on Henley Country Road Hours:

Also Along with the items listed above, the landfill accepts used motor oil and Accepts: vehicle batteries. Our Recycling Center, also located at the landfill accepts

commercial corrugated cardboard, white ofice and computer paper.

Monday-Friday .................................... 8:OO a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Saturday ............................................ 8:OO a.m. to 12:OO p.m.

TABERNACLE TOWNSHIP Tabernacle Elementary School Hours: OpenDaily

D.H. GRIFFIN WRECKING CO., INC. 4700 Hilltop Road Greensboro, N.C. 27407 Contacts:

Service Area: Southeastern United States Materials: Aluminum (must be separated by grades; extrustion, clips, painted and

cast), Aluminum Shavings (must be free of steel and cutting oil), Appliances (must have motors removed prior to arrival), Automobile- Catalytic Converters (must be separated by size and have plug in; will be inspected upon arrival), Brass (red or yellow accepted; must be separated by grades; must be free of foreign matter), Copper (must be separated by grades #1, #2 or refinery copper), Electric Generators (must be free of any oil), Electric Motors (must be free of any oil), Iron--Cast (no size limit), Lead (must not contain any hazardous material), Steel (must be separated by size, thickness, length and width; grade specifications include # 1 prepared, #1 torchable, #2 steel, tin and galvanized), Steel--Stainless (must be free of steel and separated as magnetic or non-magnetic).

scrap is bought by CWT (by the pound).

Robert E. Fields (Gen. Mgr.), (919) 855-7030 Lawrence R. Coleman (Purch. Agent), (919) 855-7030

General Requirements: Non-Ferrous metals are bought by the pound. Ferrous

ENVIRONMENTAL RECYCLING, INC. 102 E. Meadowview Road Greensboro, N.C. 27406 Contacts: Rick Smith (Plant Mgr.), (919) 379-9506 Service Area: Eastern United States Materials: Cardboard, Glass Containers, HDPE (rinsed, with lids removed), PET

(rinsed, with lids removed), Plastic-Industrial (must be free of con- taminants), Polystyrene

LEE IRON & METAL CO., INC. 2209 S. Homer Boulevard P.O. Box 778 Sanford, N.C. 27330 Contacts: Bill Perry (Vice Pres.), (919) 775-7951

Mike Brooks (Gen. Mgr.), (919) 775-7951 Service Area: Eastern North Carolina, Central North Carolina Materials: Aluminum, Appliances, Automobile--Bodies (call for requirements),

Automobile-Engines, Automobile--Radiators, Brass, Copper, Electric Motors, Iron--Cast, Steel, Steel Turnings, Steel--Stainless, Truck--Engines.

service is available for industrial accounts. Contact company for details.

General Requirements: Pick-up service is available for large quantities. Container

NOBLE OIL SERVICES, INC. 5617 Clyde &yne Drive Sanford, N.C. 27330 Contacts: James Noble (Pres.), (919) 774-8180 Service Area: Eastern United States Materials: Contaminated Soil (non-hazardous), Oil--Motor, Oily Water,

Wastewater. General Requirements: None

PAPER STOCK DEALERS, INC. (Winston Salem) 170 1 Vargrave Street Winston-Salem, N.C. 27107 Contacts:

Service Area: Southeastern United States Materials: Paper General Requirements: None

T. Alan Broonie (Mgr.), (919) 722-8971, FAX: (919) 722-8974 Leigh Bristow (Office Mgr.), (919) 722-897 1, FAX: (9 19) 722-8974

RECYCLERS SERVING OURAREA ALUMINUM RECYCLING OF GREENSBORO

2412 S. Elm-Eugene Street Greensboro, N.C. 27406 Contacts: Vern S. Smith (Owner), (919) 272-1553

Jeff Broadnax (Mgr.), (919) 229-7471 Service Area: Central North Carolina Materials: Aluminum, Automobile--Radiators, Brass, Copper, Lead,

Steel--Stainless, Zinc. General Requirements: Company provides transportation service for volume and

commercial accounts.

BISH ENTERPRISES, INC. Bish Road P.O. Box 451 Siler City, N.C. 27344 Contacts: John McSween (Office Mgr.), (919) 663-3336 Service Area: Central North Carolina Materials: Aluminum Cans, Ferrous Metals, Glass Containers,

Non-Ferrous Metals. General Requirements: Pick-up service is available for industrial accounts.

BRENNER IRON AND METAL 34 1 5 Glenn Avenue P.O. Drawer 76 Winston Salem, NC 27 102 Contacts: Mike Brenner (Pres.), (919) 725-8333

Ed Bradley (Buyer), (919) 725-8333 Service Area: North Carolina Materials: Aluniinum (all grades except aluminum cans), Brass--Red (all

grades; no weight minimum), Brass--Yellow (all grades; no weight minimum), Copper (all grades; no weight minimum) Iron (company requires a minimum of 5 tons to pick up; no drums, tanks, closed containers or appliances), Steel (company requires at least 5 tons to pick up; no drums, tanks, closed containers or appliances), Steel-- Stainless (all grades; no weight minimum).

CISCO 106-C Railroad Avenue P.O. Box21151 Greensboro, NC 27420 Contacts: J.T. Dawson (Pres.), (919) 274-9970 Service Area: Central North Carolina Materials: Textile Waste (no synthetics, minimum size 10" x lo") General Requirements: Company requires samples and accepts material in bulk or

bags. Company does not accept material from individuals.

COMMONWEALTH RECYCLING 4 106 Bemau Avenue Greensboro, N.C. 27407 Contact: Jeff Potchik, (919) 299-2833 Materials: Aluminum Cans

CRANFORD IRON & METAL CO. Rural Route 2 P.O. Box 219 Sophia, N.C. 27350 Contacts: Larry Cranford, (919) 498-3850 Service Area: Central North Carolina Materials: Aluminum (all grades), Brass, Copper, Crushed Metals, Die Cast Steel-

Stainless, Tin General Requirements: Company accepts from individuals and businesses

i

PAPER STOCK DEALERS, INC. (Greensboro Of!ice) 3004 Holts Chapel Rd. Greensboro, N.C. 27401 Contacts: David Partm, (919) 274-0186 Service Area: Southeastem United States Materials: Paper General Requirements: None

PIEDMONT PAPER STOCK CO. 3909 hverdale Drive Greensboro, N.C. 27406 Contacts: John Garrett (Mgr.), (919) 275-9828, FAX: (919) 275-9820 Service Area: International; United States Materials: Cardboard Corrugated Containers (light and heavy weight; no plastic,

tape or staples in boxes), Paper--Computer. General Requirements: Company requires certain grades of material and accepts

material from companies or individuals. Company will accept loose or baled material; material must be free of contaminants.

PLASTIC SERVICE, INC. P.O. Box 33 Coleridge, N.C. 27234 Contacts: Service Area: International; United States Materials: Plastic General Requirements: None

Joe Edwards (Mgr.), (919) 879-5800

PLASTICS MILL 500-A Main Street Franklinville, N.C. 27248 Contacts: Call (919) 824-2333

Materials: Plastics General Requirements: Accept materials from business and industry.

or Craig Hodgin, (704) 542-9899

TRIAD PAPER RECYCLING 2070 Brentwood Street High Point, NC 27263 Contacts: Patrick W. Jordan (Pres.), (919) 889-8880, FAX: (919) 889-7320

David W. Early (Gen. Mgr.), (919) 889-8880, FAX: (919) 889-7320 Service Area: Central North Carolma Materials: Paper (all grades; separated by grade). General Requirements: None

UNITED METAL RECYCLERS Old Highway 421 P.O. Box 159 Kemersville, N.C. 27285 Contacts: Frank Brenner (Pres.), (919) 996-2241, FAX: (919) 993-3064

Roger Ruminski (Mgr.), (919) 996-2241, FAX (919) 993-3064 Service Area: United States Materials: Aluminum, Aluminum Cans, Automobile--Bodies (no batteries, tires

or gas tanks), Brass, Copper, Glass Containers (must be separated by color), Industrial Scrap, Steel--Stainless, Tin (no hazardous material).

General Requirements: Company does not accept any hazardous materials.

NOTE: This is an abbreviated list taken from the Directory of Industrial and Commercial Recyclers serving North Carolina Businesses and Communities. If you need additional information concerning recyclers in our state, call Public Worksat (919) 629-2131, ext. 4269.

RECYCLED PAPER PRODUCTS -WHOLESALE LOCAL DISTRIBUTORS

BRAME 2021 South Briggs Ave. P.O. Box 271 Durham. N.C. 27702

Products: Copy paper, computer paper, bathroom tissue, paper towels

1-800-672-001 1

DILLARD PAPER CO. 3900 Spring Garden St. Greensboro, N.C.

Products: Copy paper, computer (919) 882-1211

paper, envelopes, writing paper, legal pads, text and cover paper, packaging products, bathroom tissue

FULL CIRCLE PAPER OUTLET 2830 Hillsborough Road Durham, N.C. 27705 (919) 286-0140, FAX 286-0141

HENLEY PAPER COMPANY 8400 Triad Dr. Greensboro, N.C. 27409

Products: Copy paper, envelopes, (919) 884-8153

Computer paper

MORRISETTE PAPER CO. 13 I I S. Eugene St. Greensboro, N.C.

SNYDER PAPER CORP. 2 IO0 Brevard Rd. P.0. Box 41 18 High Point, N.C. 27263 Products: Copy paper, envelopes,

(919) 883-2727

computer paper

7900 Industrial Village Rd. Greensboro, N.C.

TARHEEL PAPER AND SUPPLY CO.

(919) 882-6332

RECYCLING CONTAINERS *Check with local hardware or discount stores for availability of recycling containers.

HUNT & COMPANY, INC. 1121 Willowbrook Dr. Greensboro, N.C. 27403 Products: Desk-top, station & mobile

DIVERSIFIED RECYCLING SYSTEMS containers Rubbennaid 5606 North Highway 169

New Hope, MN 55428-3099 (612) 536-6828 DILLARD Products: Desk-top recycling 3900 Spring Garden Street

containers, promotional niaterials Greensboro, N.C. 27420-1767

P.O. Box 21 767

Products: Desk-top recycling containers

FOR MORE INFORMATION... RANDOLPH COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

707 McDowell Road P.O. Box 4728 Asheboro, N.C. 27203 (9 19) 629-2 13 1, extension 4269

THE POLLUTION PREVENTION PROGRAM Division of Environmental Management N.C. Department of Natural Resources and Community Development P.O. Box 27687 Raleigh, N.C. 2761 1-7687 (919) 733-7015

SOUTHEAST WASTE EXCHANGE Maxie L. May, Director IJrban Institute The IJniversity of N.C. at Charlotte Charlotte, N.C. 28223 Telephone (704) 597-2307

*. %a PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER

__I-

/.

BUSINESS, INDUSTRY AND GOVERNMENT PARTNERS IN RECYCLING

During the 1989 Legislative session, the North Carolina General Assembly passed Senate Bill 11 1--The Solid Waste Management Act of 1989." This legislation was enacted because our state was concerned about the unnecessary waste entering our landfills and the depletion of our natural resources caused by inefficient and improper methods of managing solid waste.

SB 111 ... Regulates the storage, collection, transport, separation. processing, recycling and disposal of solid waste.

0 Establishes a state program of planning, teclmical assistance and financial assistance for solid waste management.

0 Promotes the education of the general public and the training of solid waste professionals.

0 Requires counties to develop and implement recycling programs.

The goals set forth in SB 111 are:

0 To promote methods of solid waste management that are alternatives to disposal in the landfills.

0 To assist units of local government with solid waste management.

The bill also creates a hierarchy of methods of managing solid waste, listed here in descending order of preference:

1. Waste volume reduction at the source

2. Recycling and reuse

3. Composting

4. Incineration with energy production

5. Incineration for volume reduction

6. Disposal in landfills.

House Bill 1109 inodified several portions of the Solid Waste Management Act of 1989 or Senate Bill 1 1 1. The amendment was made "to improve the management of non-hazardous solid waste, to redefbie the state solid waste management goals, and to make clarifying, conforming, and technical amendments to the State Solid Waste Management Laws."

G,S. 130A-309.04 (C) now states: "It is the goal of this State to reduce the municipal solid waste stream through source reduction, reuse, recycling, and composting, on a per capita basis, on the following schedule:

1. Twenty-five percent (25%) by 30 June 1993.

2. Forty percent (40%) by 30 June 2001."

Randolph County is working hard to comply with the regulations and goals of SB 1 I I and HB 1109, with particularemphasis on meeting the goal of25% waste reduction by June 30, 1993 as set forth in the bills. This goal can be accomplished only with the help ofthe business and industry in our county.

Below is an implementation schedule for SB 1 1 1 that our county government, the private and corporate sector must follow to meet these new goals and regulations:

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE FOR SB 111 ' Randolph County

KEY LOCAL PRIVATE AND DATES GOVERNMENT CORPORATE SECTOR

Jan. I, 1990 Local governments which Tire retailers begin collecting operate landfills must establish I X tax on tires. escrow accounts. I Tire haulers must prepare docu-

N o containers with detachable ments on source of scrap tires, I rings may be sold.

March I, I990 Counties must desiznate at least one site for scraf tire disposal.

payment of tire tax. May IS . I990 Counties receive f i r s t quarterly

May-Oct. I990 Develop Solid Waste Manage- ment (SWM) Program including

Waste oil haulers must be CeKi- fied by DENHR.

ar. I, I992 Submit biennial solid waste plan;

! ' I

I

April 1992

I LOCAL PRIVATE AND GOVERNMENTS I CORPORATE SECTOR

Compost standard adopted. I I Jan. I, 1993

June, 1994

~~

No yard trash in landfills- may be placed in monofills.

25% solid waste reduction goal must be met.

Lined landfills with leachate control required.

Central Falls landfill, early fill date estimated.

DEHNR - Department of Environmental Health and Natural Resources DOT - Department of Transportation DPI - Department of Public instruction DECD - Department of Economic and Community Development DHR - Department of Human Resources

To assist in reaching our goal of 25% waste reduction, Randolph County has begun a countywide recycling program.

RESIDENTIAL RECYCLING, the first phase of the program, began February 15, 199 1 with three recycling dropoff sites located at the landfill, Coleridge and Farmer waste sites. Later, in March, the County assisted the Town of Liberty and the City of Randleman with the opening of their recycling drop-off sites. Drop-off sites have been established in other locations including Braxton-Craven Elementary School, Tabernacle School and the North Carolina Zoo. These sites accept the following items for recycling:

Newspaper

0 Aluminumdrinkcans

Food and beverage glass

0 Plastic milk jugs (Natural HDPE)

0 Plastic soR drink bottles (PET)

It is the intent of the County to establish other recycling drop-off sites as needed throughout the county.

BUSINESS ANDINDUSTRY RECYCLINGis supportedbythesecondphaseofthe county recycling plan. Randolph County has constructed a recycling facility located at the landfill, capable of accepting clean corrugated cardboard, white office paper and computer paper, in addition to the materials accepted at residential drop-off sites.

Alsolocatedat the landfill, isaspecial area for yard waste and clean woodwaste. This wood will be chippedandmulched tobe used for various purposes suchas landscaping. A separate area is available for metal waste such as appliances and certain other scrap metal items.

In addition to complying with the mandates of SB 1 11, business and industry can help Randolph County assume a leadership role in our state through efforts in source reduction and recycling. The Department of Public Works is ready to provide information and assistance to companies wishing to help manage solid waste more effectively in our county.

E. %J PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER

Prepared by Randolph County

Department of Public Works 707 McDowell Road

Asheboro, N.C. 27203 . (919) 629-2131, ext. 4227

WASTED RESOURCES Something every business works to avoid in its operations is wastefulness. Yet, as businesses throw away thousands of tons of recyclable materials each day, valuable resources are wasted. In nearly every region of the country, there is a demand for recyclable materials in addition to an ever-increasing waste disposal cost. Companies have found that by recycling they can reduce disposal cost, conserve valu- able resources, and be recognized as good cor- porate citizens in their communities at the same time. These factors together can usually make recycling of solid waste a wise and cost-effec- tive business move.

PLANNING The possibilities of your business running a successful recycling program are excellent. Whatever the type of resource recovery system you start, these six basic phases of planning, implementing and operating a program will help insure your success:

1. Designate a Program Coordinator to manage the program and act as a liason among management, mainte- nance, employees and recyclables buyers. Typical responsibilities:

a. Plan the program and make sure every one understands their roles in making the program successful.

b. Develop an implementation sched- ule.

c. Monitor theprogram once it be- gins, addressing problems and making changes as necessary.

2. Determine the Quantity and Quality of the Material You Plan to Recover. Before you take further steps in developing your program, you should determine how much recyclable material your business generates, its quality andor grade.

3. Design and Enact a Collection and Storage Process for Recovered Resources. How your business collects and stores its recovered re- sources will depend on the quantity of materials you generate and the trans- port or pick-up schedule. Use these steps as a guide to develop your collection and storage system.

a. IdentifL where your recyclables are generated and how much is generated at each location.

b. Determine where to place collec- tion containers, how many and what type.

e. Designate a central storage area, if needed.

d. Acquire collection containers.

e. Review schedules for each collec- tion area and who to call with problems or questions.

4. Arrange for Transportation or Pick-up of Recovered Resources. Businesses may make arrangements with private haulers or their employees to transport recyclables to the Randolph County Recycling Center or a recyclables buyer. The Recycling ’ Center at the county landfill will accept the following materials:

White Office Paper Computer Paper Newspaper Corrugated Cardboard Food and Beverage Glass Plastic Soft Drink Bottles (PET) Plastic Milk Jugs (Natural HDPE) Aluminum Drink Cans

Businesses that have large quantities recyclables, or recyclables that are not accepted at the Recycling Center may wish to contact a recyciabies buyer. if possible, contact several potential

i

buyers and negotiate for the best prices as compared with services rendered. For large enough quantities, dealers may pick-up materials and possibly provide storage containers. For assis- tance in locating a buyer, or to receive more information on processing your recyclables before bringing them to the Recycling Center, you may call the Department of Public Works at 629- 2131.

5. Develop and Implement an em- ployee Education Program. Employee awareness and cooperation are the cornerstones of any successfbl resource recovery program. You can get this message to employees in a variety of ways:

a. Send a "kickoff memo that briefly explains the program and why it's being started, as shown below.

TO: All XYZ Company Empbpa FROM Jane Doc. Prsrldent DATE: February I, I991 SUBJECT: OfRCe Paper Racycling at XYZ Company

Scudlu show that each &e worker thmm amy an average of a half-pound of recyckbkp.persrrryday.Thn'sthesquivikntof~TONS) aysufromourdke abnaTh i means thatoverp( Tnes)and (XGALLONSOFOIL) are needed each year to keep our Office in paper.

To pur thb paper to bcmr use, wdm sunins an oRke mycling program. By recycling, vm'll bwer our ;arbage dkpaal costs and do our part to improve the e,"nment

Rrticlpwbn in chin p r q n m wlll require onv smi l changa In your daily habiu. Youwill bagiven adosktopcontsinerforstorln~ white paper and computer paper. When p u r conPiner b full simply empty the conten@ Into the centnl container neuasttoyourdeskThe locations oftheconminen w i l l k

Pkue artend a short orkntatbn scssion to learn more about how the program worb. Threa I 5-minute sorslons have been schcdukd for XXXX. The sessions will SM at XXX YYY, and 222 Your supervbor h u a sign-up rheat

Your pankipatbnin thhprognmdocs mkeadMvanca Forevery pkeofpapcr you recyck p u Wilt

* P- the environment and save natunl r w o u r m Conrem scarce landtill space

l f p u have MY qwrtbns aboutthe program pleue conunXYXXX. Thank for your coopcntbh

(X TONS) (X TREES) (X GALLONS OF OIL) = 662.5 ;dbns of oil x M tons of paper

(X) Emplgosr x .5 ibs. x 240 working daydyr. I2000 Ibs. I 7 Tresl x (30 tons of paper

b. Schedule a meeting with managers to explain the program's objectives and operation details.

c. Schedule employee meetings to explain the program, distribute informational material and answer questions. Below is a sample How- to memo for an educational session:

T O All XYZ Company Empbyees FROM Jane Doe. President DATE February I, I99 I SUBJECT:

How the program work.

ORre Paper Recycling at XYZ Company

I You will be given a desk-top container to go on o r near your desk When you're through ushg anywhite paper, simply put it into your container instead dthctrash can. When your container is full empty the contents Into one of the central containen on your b r . Paper h much mom valuable when i t h sepsraced b @e, so please put paper intothe correspondlng bins. All central contsincn will be ckarly marked.

&cause we have a lifelong habir ofthrowing something away when we're flnishec using h h may take some time to remember not to throw recyclable paper inu tho t ruh can. You have to think about hat finc. but in a very short time it wii bocome just another one of those things you do instinctively.

Pkuekeep allcolored paper. maguines.glossypapcr. carbon paper. newspapen soda cans, ctc. out of the recycling containen. if you're recycling an old report p k e remove the coven. any cobred paper and phrtic bindings. Metal staple! and small paper clips do not nwd to be removed. Checkthe ibt on your desk, top container I y o u am not sure about what i t em are accepfabk

I you arc gening rM of a lot of old forms o r files. let your program coordinatoi know ahead of time so that the waste paper dealer can be called to brlng w(tm containen or to do ~ r a pick-ups. If the central conminers fill up before the scheduled pick-up. try pushing the paper down. The container may just be full 01 a lotof alr. If the container is deflnheiy full, flnd a box to use for the overflow and ask the coordlnator to call for a pick-up.

d. Prepare announcement stories and reminders about the program for an employee newsletter or post attractive bulletins in common areas.

e. Seek news media coverage of your business' commitment to the pro- gram.

f: Place posters and other materials throughout your company's building to remind employees of the program guidelines and en- courage participation.

6. Monitor the Program and Rein- force the Newly Developed Recy- cling Habit. To help the program coordinator keep employees informed about various aspects of the recycling program, program monitors should be assigned. Program monitors provide support by:

a. Serving as a communication link be- tween the coordinator and the employees.

b. Making employees aware of the program guidelines and encourag- ing particiyation.

e. Spot-checking collection containers for contamination (especially during the first f au weeks of the program).

Most businesses have found that employ- ees develop the recycling habit within one week after the program implementa- tion. But the habit is fragile. Preserve the habit by:

a. Servicing the central collection stations regularly.

b. Keeping the collection stations clean and neat.

c. Responding to employee's questions or problems quickly.

d. Publicizing regularlv the program's status or results.

IN SUMMARY

All types of businesses can run successful resource recovery programs. Recycling pro- grams can be cost effective, environmentally sound, and may even turn a profit.

By planning your resource recovery program with the key ingredients for success in mind-- the economics, the technical requirements, and your organization's characteristics--your busi- ness will be laying the groundwork for launch- ing aprogram that will save valuable resources.

e. Consider participation incentives such as recognition awards for outstanding participation, or by donating revenues to a charitable organization.

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Industrial Recycling

Prepared by RANDOLPH COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

707 McDowell Road Asheboro, N.C. 27203 (919) 629-2131, ext. 4227

INTRODUCTION

When we think ofrecycling, we picture local residents sorting out aluminum cans and newspapers into bins at home. But recycling isn't just a "residential" endeavor. Business and industry can and should play amajor part in the effort to "reuse, reduce, and recycle."

Manufacturing Process

SOURCE REDUCTION

Source reduction is a term applied to strategies that reduce the amount of waste before it enters the waste stream. It is a first line of attack in an integrated waste managementprogram. Approximately 10% ofthe waste stream can be reduced through source reduction.

Source recuction can best be accomplished through product design, education, market pressure and legis- lation working together.

CONSUMERS can make individual changes in product choices. In a recent survey, 41% of those polled felt that the recyclability of a product enters into the decision to buy one product or another.

LEGISLATURES provide regulatory control authority or incentives through the local government.

INDUSTRY can truly play a major role in source reduction through:

1. Encouraging product reuse by switching from single use to multiple use products or packaging.

2. Conserving materials, which not only reduces inateiials used, but also reduces the energy requirements for goods production.

4 Distribution \ Customer Sales 7 Consumer

II

3. Product redesign, incorporating recyclability (or degradability) into the planning or designing ofproducts.

A CLOSED PRODUCT CYCLE

A closed product cycle is one in which the product can be returned to the manufacturing process after use by consumers. In an open cycle, the product is disposed of after use. Look at the charts in the next column to see open and closed cycles:

Closed Product Cycle

Open Product Cycle

Energy

Labor I ' ' Plans

Disposal

1. Product would be returned for reuse in the manufacturing process. A good example of this would be returnable glass beverage containers. This is the most desireable option.

2. Product reused as a raw material to be remanufactured. This is a medium value reuse option. An example of this would be paper, which is added in with virgin wood pulp to produce new paper.

operate manufacturing process. This is a low value reuse option. In this case, used products are incinerated to produce energy, which is converted into electricity.

the least desireable option.

3. Product used to produce energy to

4. Product thrown away after use. This is

CORRUGATED CARDBOARD, METAL, PLASTICS, SCRAP TEXTILES, SOLVENTS AND WOOD are waste materials typically gen- erated in our area that can be recycled.

CORRUGATED CARDBOARD

Used corrugated boxes are the largest single source of waste paper for recycling. Corrugated can comprise 50- 60% of the waste stream from some commercial gen- erators. Used corrugated comprises about 40% of all waste paper recycled in the U.S., and the overall use of this grade of waste paper by recyciiqg mills is expected to increase in the future. Considering today's high cost

of disposing of solid waste, recycling offers business- men an attractive alternative to paying to dump good- quality waste paper in municipal landfills.

KEEP IT SEPARATE Different methods are practiced to keep used corru- gated boxes separate from other refuse and deliver it to collection centers or recycling mills. The type of collection program employed by a commercial or industrial facility will depend on the amount of corru- gated generated, available storage facilities and the proximity of recycling centers, mills, and/or waste paper dealers.

In the case ofasmall retail quantities, the system might be nothing more than tying up the flattened boxes with cord and piling them in the back room or simp1 y placing them in a separate storage area. Stores generating greater amounts of corrugated might require the instal- lation of asmall baler, which caneffectively reduce the amount of storage space required. In some instances, industrial shredders are also installed to M e r reduce the bulk ofthe boxes prior to baling. Larger businesses, such as department stores, factories and assembly plants may require the installation of large compacting and baling equipment to handle the volume generated. Whichever method of processing and storing you choose, remember that the cardboard must be kept dry.

WHERE TO TAKE CORRUGATED CARDBOARD Randolph County's recycling center, located at the County Landfill, accepts flattened corrugated card- board. Larger businesses and industry may benefit from marketing their corrugated cardboard with a dealer.

A growing number of small firms have found that local residents or employees with pick-up trucks or vans will gladly remove used boxes from the property free of charge and sell them to adealer. This type of system is attractive to businesses that do not generate sufficient quantities to sell to adealer themselves, but wish to cut their disposal costs.

To keep corrugated at its maximum value, be sure it is free of all debris and unwanted materials. Contamina- tion is a serious concern ofthe paper recycling industry since unwanted materials adversely affect production efficiency and product quality. Contaminants can range from suchobvious items as Styrofoam packing material and metal cans to less apparent materials like wax and

plastic coated cartons. The following list includes unwanted materials most commonly found in used corrugated boxes. As ageneral rule, however, employ- ees who process used corrugated should be instructed not to include boxes they suspect may have contami- nants.

COMMON CONTAMINANTS

Plastics, such as trays used to package food items, Styrofoam packing materials, plastic bags, wrap and film, plastic cups, etc.

Metal Objects, such as wire hangers, case strapping, cans, nails, etc.

Plastic and Wax-coated Cartons, such as produce cartons. They are distinguishable because color is very dark brown and the surface is shiny.

Junk (called "tramp materials"), including floor sweepings, wood, food waste, cans, trash, etc.

There are many sound environmental reasons for recy- cling more of our nation's wastes, beginning with the diminishing availability and cost of landfill space. But the primary motive for businesses to establish recy- cling programs is economics. Prevailing waste paper market conditions, the volume of corrugated gener- ated, and the actual reduction in trash hauling costs will ultimately determine the profitability of any recycling program. It makes good business sense today, in light ofrising operating costs, to stop thinking ofwaste paper as trash to be disposed of, and instead, to view used corrugated boxes as a valuable raw material to be recovered and recycled.

METALS Metals, including steel, iron and aluminum comprise about 8.7% of the waste stream nationally. The recy- cling rate for metals is estimated at only 7.3% of the total metal discards, which means that many valuable metals are being landfilled needlessly.

Mixed metals can be recycled afterseparating. Identify the type of metal and transport it to the landfill for recycling or contact a scrap metal dealer. Metal is sorted into the following grades: white goods, ferrous scrap (steel, tin, iron, etc.), aluminum, brass and cop- per. If you have aquestion about the recyclability of an item, just give Public Works a call at 629-2131, ext. 4269.

PLASTICS Recent estimatesofthe plastic share ofthe waste stream are between 6.5 and 7%, and on the increase. Owing largely to the complexity of the manufacture of plas- tics, the large number of plastic types, and the infancy of the market development for plastics--particularly mixedplastics, the recycledportion is only about 1% of the total.

One of the fastest moving areas of research and devel- opment in the area of recycling today is the develop ment of new technologies, new end products and new marketing strategies for recycling plastics. One area just beginning to surface in plastics recycling is a whole array of extruded and molded products made from mixed or comingled plastic resins. These include nu- merous shapes of "plastic lumber", landscaping mate- rials, pier construction materials, parking lot tire stops and many others. This is another area where progres- sive govemment procurement policies can play a criti- cal role in stimulating the market for recyclables.

TEXTILES Scrap textilesmake upa significant portion ofthe waste stream in some North Carolina couuties. A concen- trated textile waste reduction strategy is much the same as that for corrugated or other commercidindustsial waste streams.

Much of the demand for recycled textiles--both clean and used clothing--is in the export market. There are 2 distinct sectors fed by the textile portion of the waste stream:

1. Clean textile scraps are reprocessed into fibers for remanufacture of new fabrics, yarns, industrial felts & fabrics, carpeting and automotive mats.

involves the reprocessing of used clothing, which is a highly labor intensive operation. These materials are purchased primarily from non-profit institutions, which already have collection networks established.

2. The other sector in textiles recycling

Much of the waste in this sector is baled and exported for reprocessing in other countries.

WOOD The Randolph County Landfill has an area where business and individuals can dispose of separated loads of clean wood. The wood is ground into mulch and available to the public, rather than being buried in the landfill. The tipping fee and revenue tiom this project

is used to pay for the mulching process. All businesses are encouraged to separate their wooden pallets and other wood waste to put in the wood pile.

SOLVENTS Education and technical assistance is available for companies wishing to recycle, exchange, or safely dispose of solvents through several programs in North Carolina. Two particularly helpful booklets are:

"Managing and Recycling Solvents in the Furniture Industry"

distributed by the Pollution Prevention Program "Managing and Recycling Solvents" from the Industrial Extension Office,

North Carolina State University Box 7909

Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7909

You may call the Randolph County Department of Public Works (9 19-629-2 13 1) for assistance in locat- ing information on recycling solvents.

(919) 737-2303

FOR FURTHER ASSISTANCE THE POLLUTION PREVENTION PROGRAM pro- vides free technical assistance to NorthCarolina indus- tries and municipalities on ways to reduce, recycle and prevent wastes before they become pollutants by pro- viding: an information clearing house, specific infor- mation packages, on-site technical assistance, out- reach programs and challenge grants. Information may be obtained by contacting:

Pollution Prevention Program Div. of Environmental Management NC Dept. of Nat. Resources & Community

P.O. Box 27687 Raleigh, NC 2761 1-7687

Development

(919) 733-7015

THE SOUTHEAST WASTE EXCHANGE PRO- GRAM(PWE) isaprogramofUNCC'sUrbaninstitute. PWE assists industries, government agencies and the general public with developing safe and economical waste prevention and management strategies through information, research and education. Contact:

Southeast Waste Exchange Urban Institute The University of N.C. at Charlotte Charlotte, NC 28223 (704) 597-2307

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