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Recreational Fisheries Economics Program
Sabrina LovellOffice of Science & Technology
Economics & Social Analysis DivisionScience Program ReviewSeptember 26 – 28, 2017
.
OutlineOverview of the program
Data Collections
Research and Analysis
Strengths and Challenges
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 2
Definition of Marine Recreational FishingFor economic analysis at NOAA Fisheries,marine recreationalfishing is defined asfishing…
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 3
Forfinfish
(not shellfish)
Inopen ocean
or asaltwater
or brackish waterbody
Forsport or pleasure(not subsistence)
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 4
Recreational Fisheries Economics Program
The NOAA Fisheries Recreational Economics Program collects economic data, develops economic models, and conducts analyses in order to:
• Understand and predict the behavior of recreational anglers• Understand the outcomes of alternative management actions on recreational
fisheries and anglers• Estimate the level and distribution of net benefits derived from those fisheries• Describe the economic impacts associated with marine recreational fisheries
This research program directly supports NOAA Fisheries stewardship goal of maximizing benefits to the nation while ensuring the long-term sustainability of all living marine resources.
TOR 1
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 5
The Role of Science and Technology
Research
Data
• Conduct national surveys
• House national datasets
• Repository for survey materials
• Facilitiation role for Centers with MRIP, OMB, contracting
Research
• Set national priorities
• Annual RFP funding (~$400K)
• Economic impact modeling
• Collaborations with Centers
Coordination
• National level point of contact
• Lead national initiatives
• Knowledge sharing and transfer between HQ, Centers, external stakeholders
TOR 1; 2a,b,c
Management Questions
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 6
What factors influence participation in a fishery?
What characteristics of an angler or firm and fishing grounds influence the number of trips taken?
What is the economic value of the fishery?
What types of management measures are preferred by anglers or firms?
What are firms’ costs and angler expenditures?
What is the economic contribution of the fishery to coastal communities?
How may regulatory actions impact consumers and producers?
How to incorporate ecosystem management into fishery management?
Recreational Data Collections
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 7
Angler Expenditures
Revealed Preference
Stated Preference
For-Hire Cost and Earnings
Other surveys as requested
TOR 2a
Recreational Fisheries Economic Assessment Index
• Since 2013, updated annually by OST with input from the Centers• Adapted from Commercial Fisheries Economic Assessment Index• Useful for prioritizing which data collections/research should be funded in
upcoming year/years to keep coverage consistent• Part I: Data Collections (5 criteria)
• Angler Trip Expenditures, Angler Durable Expenditures• For-Hire: revenues, operating costs, fixed costs• Regional coverage, within prior 5 year period
• Part II: Assessments (5 criteria)• Angler trip expenditures by fishery• Economic impacts by fishery and by region• Economic Valuation by fishery and region• For-Hire net revenues by sub-region or fishery• For-Hire profit by sub-region or fishery
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 8
TOR 1; 2a
Recreational Fishing Surveys in the United States
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 9
Data generated by a series of regional surveys
National Marine Angler Expenditure Surveys
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 10
• Expenditures on fishing trips and fishing-related durable equipment
• Spending on different types of fishing (shore, private boat, for-hire)
• Spending by residents and non-residents of a state
Data collected
• Every 3-5 years, since 2006
• Nationwide – all coastal states
Frequency and Coverage
• Effort led by OST• Survey questionnaires
reviewed by all regions (PI, SW, NE additional input and review)
Development
Methodology
Sample Frame
• Target PopulationAnglers who fished in saltwater in past year in all coastal states
• Two Sample Frames1. Add-on to the MRIP Access Point Angler Intercept survey
• Atlantic states, FL, MS, ALAnd2. State fishing license frames for states not included in MRIP
• LA, TX, CA, WA, OR, AK, HI
Methods
• In-person interviews for trip expenditures
• Intercept states• Web and/or mail
• License frame states• Durable good questionnaire
for all states
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 11
• Partners providing sample frame or administration:
• MRIP (OST) • ASMFC, GSMFC• States of AK, CA, WA, OR, HI
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 12
Transportation(private, public, airfare, auto rental)
Charter fees, tips,& catch processing
Boat fuel & oil Boat rental
Access & parking Bait
Ice Lodging
Gifts & souvenirs Food(from grocery stores or restaurants)
Trip Expenditures Include:
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 13
32 annual categories including:• Tackle, rods/reels, & other gear• Camping equipment• Clothing• Binoculars• Taxidermy• Magazine subscriptions• Club Dues• License fees• Boat purchases/accessories & related expenses• Vehicle purchases & related expenses• 2nd home purchases & related expenses
Expenditures on Durable Goods
Demographic Data Includes
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 14
Age
Sex
Education
Income
Number of Years Fishing
Fisherman in St. Petersburg, FL
San Diego Sportfishing Expenditure Survey, 2016
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 15
• Collect angler expenditures on for-hire fishing trips to non-US waters (which are not included in national survey). No California fishing license requirement, therefore no coverage from the CA license frame survey.
• Compare the average angler expenditures spent on for-hire fishing in non-US waters from those fishing off California.
• Estimate the economic contribution per day for the San-Diego based fleet. from trips in non-US waters.
• Funded by OST, research in collaboration with SWFSC.• Results: 821 vessel-trips intercepted; 1990 complete surveys, 52% response
rate. Pilot study results indicate In-person survey most cost effective survey mode.
TOR 2a; 4
Expenses of Anglers Fishing for Highly Migratory Species
Highly Migratory Species include tunas, swordfish, billfish (marlin and sailfish), sharks
Research questions: Do HMS anglers have different expenditures compared to regular anglers? What does HMS fishing contribute to coastal economies?Atlantic and Gulf states permit holders
Private boat trips/anglers only, no shore or charter fishing trips for HMS
Analyzed trip and durable expenditures of HMS anglers by type of species targeted and regions
In partnership with Sustainable Fisheries/ HMS Division; data collected in 2011, 2014, 2016
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 16
TOR 2a; 4
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 17
Expenditure and For-Hire Data Collections
In field 2017: trip expenditure survey along Atlantic coast
and Hawaii
Data collected includes:• Vessel characteristics• Owner characteristics• Trip-based revenue• Trip length, species targeted• Variable, trip-based costs• Annual Fixed Costs• Attitudes on regulations and economic conditions
For-Hire Cost and Earnings Surveys
Current or Recent Cost and Earnings Surveys
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 19
• Southeast 2017 • South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico• Trip revenues and variable costs only• In field now
• Alaska 2016/2018 – Charter boats fishing for halibut• California 2013 – Complete, report under review• Hawaii 2013 – Complete, report under review• Ongoing: Collection of advertised prices from websites of
for-hire vessels in the Southeast
Revealed Preference Data Collected
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 20
Mode and location of fishing trip
Length of trip
Purpose of entire trip
Target species
Zipcode of residence
Number in fishing party
Revealed Preference Data Tools
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 21
Number in fishing party
OST’s MRIP Site Distance Database
Problem addressed: Calculating site distances and travel time for revealed preference models takes significant time and effort for each new model and requires special software
Solution: Create standardized database with one way road distances and travel time from all zipcodes within 150 of MRIP fishing site locations
Scope: All Atlantic and Gulf state sites included, as of 2013; site characteristics available from online MRIP site registry linked with Site ID code
TOR 2a,b
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 22
Stated Preference Data
Asks anglers to choose between hypothetical trips
with different characteristics and
costs(e.g. keeping vs releasing fish)
Results are used to model the willingness
to pay (economic value ) of anglers for
catching different species and different
regulations
Used in management analysis to estimate value of a fishery or
how changes in proposed regulations affect angler welfare
and angler fishing effort
2013 Gulf of Mexico Angler Survey• Joint study by NOAA Fisheries (SEFSC,
OST) and the GSMFC.• Goal: Update angler WTP estimates for
offshore species (dolphinfish, red snapper, groupers, king mackerel) in the Gulf of Mexico for private and charter anglers.
• Update models of the economic effects of proposed management alternatives on anglers.
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 23
TOR 2a,b; 4
2013 Study of Bait & Tackle Retail Stores
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 24
Objective of studyObtain a detailed picture of the bait and tackle industry serving marine recreational anglers.
• Data Collected• Gross sales (range), fishing sales & costs (%)• Sales by bait & tackle categories (%)• Fisheries targeted by customers• Collected 2013 data
• Independent stores & small local chains included
Study based on requests from stakeholders
Research and Analysis
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 25
• Estimation of angler expenditures • Economic impact modeling• Recent research publications nationwide• Bio-economic modeling
Estimating Total Expenditures
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 26
Avg. Trip Expenditures by state & mode
Num. of Tripsby state & mode
TotalTrip
Expenditures
Avg. Durable Expenditures
by stateNum. of Anglers
by state
TotalDurable
Expenditures
Economic Impact Models
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 27
Analysis at state and national level• Use survey data to estimate
expenditures• Create economic impact models • IMPLAN software • Survey results in NOAA Tech
Memo with average and total expenditures by expenditure category; total impacts by state and mode
• Sharing of models, data, and analysis programs to Centers TOR 2b,c; 5
Economic Contributions from Fishing
Expenditures used to estimate total output, value-added, household
income and employment contributions
Total Output =gross value of sales by businesses
within the economic region
Value added =labor income and profits supported by
recreational fishing expenditures
Employment =full and part-time jobs
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 28
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 29
• OST Publication: FEUS• Annual since 2006• OST recreational economics
program provides updated angler expenditures and economic impacts each year.
• Estimates used in many other NMFS publications, briefings, press releases, and Center-based analysis
TOR 5
Recent Expenditure and Impact PublicationsforNational Saltwater Agenda
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 30
• Lovell, S.J., J. Hilger, Scott Steinback, and Clifford Hutt. 2016. The Economic Contribution of Marine Angler Expenditures on Durable Goods in the United States, 2014. U.S. Dep. Commerce, NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-F/SPO-165.
• Hutt, Clifford, Sabrina Lovell, and Scott Steinback. 2015. The Economics of Independent Marine Recreational Fishing Bait and Tackle Retail Stores in the United States, 2013. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-F/SPO-151a, 123 p.
• Hutt, Clifford, Sabrina Lovell, and George Silva. 2014. The Economic Contributions of Atlantic Highly Migratory Species Anglers in New England and the Mid-Atlantic, 2011. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-F/SPO-147.
• Lew, Daniel K., and Chang Seung. "On the Statistical Significance of Regional Economic Impacts from Changes in Recreational Fishing Harvest Limits in Southern Alaska." Marine Resource Economics 29(3): 241-257, 2014.
http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/economics/publications/recreational-pubs/index
Red text indicates publications with OST authors TOR 5
Recent Revealed Preference PublicationsforNational Saltwater Agenda
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 31
• Carter, D.W., S. Crosson, and C. Liese. 2015. NowcastingIntraseasonal Recreational Fishing Harvest with Internet Search Volume. PLOS ONE.10(9): e0137752.
• Lovell, S.J. and D.W.Carter. 2014. The use of sampling weights in regression models of recreational fishing-site choice. Fishery Bulletin. 112:243-252.
• Kuriyama K., J. Hilger, W. M. Hanemann. 2013. "A Random parameter model with onsite sampling for recreation site choice: An application to Southern California shoreline sportfishing." Environmental and Resource Economics, 56: 481-497.
TOR 2b;5
Recent Cost and Earnings PublicationsforNational Saltwater Agenda
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 32
• Carter, David W. 2016. The Prices for For-Hire Marine Fishing Trips in the Southeastern U.S. Collected from Websites: 2014 and 2015. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-694.
• Leonard, J. 2016. Washington and Oregon charter vessel survey: Methodology and results. U.S. Dept. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NWFSC-134. doi:10.7289/V5/TM-NWFSC-134.
• Steinback S, Brinson A. 2013. The Economics of the Recreational For-hire Fishing Industry in the Northeast United States. US Department of Commerce, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Reference Document. 13-03.
Recent Stated Preference PublicationsforNational Saltwater Agenda
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 33
• Lew, Daniel K., and Douglas M. Larson. "Stated Preferences for Size and Bag Limits of Alaska Charter Boat Anglers." Marine Policy 61: 66-76, 2015.
• Anderson, L. E., S. T. Lee, P. S. Levin. 2013. Costs of Delaying Conservation: Regulations and the Recreational Values of Rockfish and Co-occurring Species. Land Economics, 89(2):371-385.
• David W. Carter & Christopher Liese (2012) The Economic Value of Catching and Keeping or Releasing Saltwater Sport Fish in the Southeast USA, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 32:4, 613-625.
Support for Bio-Economic Models: BLAST
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 34
2013 Northeast:
cod and haddock
2015 Northwest: salmon and groundfish
2016 Southeast: groupers in
GOM
Initial development by Initial model development by OST and NEFSC in 2009; support and funding by OST to continue NE model development and expand to other areas
TOR 3
Support for National Saltwater Recreational Fisheries Implementation Plan
Conducted 2013 National Saltwater Angler Surveyhttp://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/economics/fisheries/recreational/attitudes-and-preferences-of-anglers/index
Member of Recreational Coordinators Working Group
Provide data and analysis to Regional Snapshot factsheets and other communication products
Provide analysis as requested for briefings, meetings
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 35
TOR 2c; 4,5
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 36
Strengths
• Highly cooperative relationship with science centers and with other HQ divisions (SF/HMS, NOS)
• Close relationship with MRIP program
• Good relationship with external stakeholders and other agencies
Weaknesses
• Difficulty in identification of recreational fisherman
• Standardizing sample frames between regions
• Access to license frames in some states
• Response rates to voluntary surveys are declining
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 37
Opportunities
• Promote standardized models and data collections across Centers
• Web and mobile based apps for data collection
Threats
• Changes in MRIP and state survey programs
• OMB approvals• Budget cuts, increasing survey
admin costs• Center taxing of S&T project
funding
FEUS 2015http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/economics/publications/feus/fisheries_economics_2015/indexDurable Goods Survey 2014www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/economics/fisheries/recreational/angler-expenditures-economic-impacts/index
Bait & Tackle Studywww.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/economics/fisheries/recreational/Bait-and-Tackle/bt-survey-2014
Links to reports
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 38
U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 39
Sabrina Lovell [email protected]
http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/economics/fisheries/recreational/indexWebsite
For more information: