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Reconstructing Water Levels in
the Lake Michigan Basin from Embayed
Lakes
Michigan
Wisconsin
Image from: http://www.savannah-weather.com/poes/extra/michigan.jpg
Tim Fisher
University of Toledo, OH
2003 1974
How do you make
investments?
Embayed Lakes Outline
Location
Michigan Lake Level History
Geomorphic Evidence
Sedimentologic Evidence
Working with cores & geomorphic data to generate a lake level curve
Eolian sand as a LL proxy
Images from Google Maps
Toledo
Study Sites
Strandlines of glacial Lake ChicagoL
Glenwood
Calumet
Nipissing
Michigan Lake Level History
Fisher (2002) modifiedfrom Hansel et al. (1985)
Late glacial&
Holocenelake levels
in the Lake
Michiganbasin 14C
Two Creeks Site
Logs in lake sediment and overlying till
Dated at 11,850 14C yr BP or 13,600 cal yr BP
till
till
Lac.
Olson site
Chrzastowski et al. (1991)
>5 0 s t u m p s /<0 . 1k m 214 C D a t e s8 12 0 ±10 0 B P8 3 2 0 ±7 0 B P8 3 2 0 ±7 0 B P
8 3 8 0 ±10 0 B P~9300 cal yr BP
Olsen site in Lake Michigan, 26 m depth
Fisher (2002) modifiedfrom Hansel et al. (1985)
Late glacial&
Holocenelake levels
in the Lake
Michiganbasin
Cause of Nipissing transgression is uplift of the North Bay sill (NBS)
NBS
Fisher (2002) modifiedfrom Hansel et al. (1985)
Late glacial&
Holocenelake levels
in the Lake
Michiganbasin
Platte Embayment, Sleeping Bear Dunes, MI
strandplain
New beach ridge ~1986
Thompson with peels
Todd Thompson, IGS
Distance landwards from modern shoreline (km)
1 2 3 4 5
Cal
enda
r ye
ars
Ele
vatio
n (m
)
Thompson & Baedke (GSA Bull 1997)
Lake Michigan relative lake level
curveBaedke and Thompson, JGLR 2000Composite
New ridge ~1985
2011
Amber Boudreau’s UT MS thesis
?
Baedke & Thompson, 2000
Coring Targets
Lake Michigan
Shallow Wetland
Lake Michigan Small Lake
Barrier-duneComplex
Barrier-duneComplex
Big lake records preserved in a little lake’s sediment:
DEM of Study area
Amber Boudreau (nee Lahners)
Kelly Weyer
In review
Field Methods
Piston
Coring Tube
RV Perforator
Fisher et al. 2007
Fisher et al. 2007
Fisher et al. 2007 (J Paleolim)
Laminated mud
marl peat peat
Laminated marl
?
Silver Lake lithostratigraphic
logs
Fisher et al. 2007 (J. Paleolim)
Model of contact
i
Lake Michigan Small LakeBarrier-duneComplex
Silver Lake Contact
Stony Lake Contact
Pea
t
G
yttja
Mar
l
G
yttja
embayed lake
Fisher et al. 2012J. Paleolim
PRESENT-DAY TILTING OF THE GREAT LAKES REGION BASED ON WATER LEVEL GAUGES
Geological Society of America Bulletin, July/August 2005 1077
Figure 6. Contour map of ICE-3G global postglacial r ebound–derived velocities in the Great Lakes area. Contour interval—3 cm/century.
Figure 7. Contour map of vertical velocities derived from water level gauges over the Great Lakes surrounded with ICE-3G–derived velocities. Contour interval—3 cm/century.
From Mainville & Craymer(2005) GSA Bull
HamlinPentwaterSilverStonyWhite
peat gyttja
Active sand sheet
Cabins at great prices!Cabins at great prices!
Exhumed forestExhumed forestHansen et al. (Aeol R)
Niveo-aeolian activity, Silver Lake State Park, MI
Evidence of ActiveSand on the Dunes
Sand in Core SL01-5 0
25
50
75
100
1 2 3 4 5
140
144
152
156
160
160R
164
168
172
176
179
179R
209
223
225
235
244
phi
%
sand curve compared toBaedke & Thompson (2000) curve
Fisher & Loope, 2005
Toleston
Hanes, 2010
Hanes, 2010
Summary
Lake levels at embayed lakes can be reconstructed by:-Strandline geomorphology-Drowned Subaerial deposits-Lacustrine deposits
References Fisher, T. G., and Loope, W. L. 2004. Lake-level variability in Silver Lake, Michigan: A
response to fluctuations in lake levels of Lake Michigan. Michigan Academician 35, 373-385.
Fisher, T. G., and Loope, W. L. 2005. Aeolian sand preserved in Silver lake: A reliable signal of Holocene high stands of Lake Michigan. The Holocene 15, 1072-1078.
Fisher, T. G., Loope, W. L., Pierce, W. C., and Jol, H. M. 2007. Big lake records preserved in a little lake’s sediment: an example form Silver Lake, Michigan, USA. Journal of Paleolimnology 37, 365-382.
Fisher, T. G., Weyer, K. A., Boudreau, A. M., Martin-Hayden, J. M., Krantz, D. E., and Breckenridge, A. 2012. Constraining Holocene lake levels and coastal dune activity in the Lake Michigan basin. Journal of Paleolimnology 47, 373-390.
Hansen, E. C., Fisher, T. G., Arbogast, A. F., and Bateman, M. D. 2010. Geomorphic history of low-perched, transgressive dune complexes along the southeastern shore of Lake Michigan. Aeolian Research 1, 111-127.
Timmons, E. A., Fisher, T. G., Hansen, E. C., Eiasman, E., Daly, T., and Kashgarian, M. 2007. Elucidating eolian dune history from lacustrine sand records in the Lake Michigan coastal zone, USA. The Holocene 17, 789-801.