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Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Infiltration/ExfiltrationInsertion/Extraction
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
T.L.O.Action- Identify the planning considerations for conducting infil/ exfil techniques used by recon teams
Conditions- Given a classroom environment and a 2 hour block of instruction
Standards- Implement the proper planning considerations during the graded FTX in order to receive a go
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
E.L.O. A
Action- Identify the planning considerations for conducting infil/ exfil from an airborne platform
Conditions- Given instruction on the planning considerations for fries, rotary wing, and airborne infil/ exfil techniques
Standards- Students will utilize planning considerations to identify the method of infil/ exfil that offers the highest probability of success
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Insertion/Extraction
The process of getting into and out of the operational area-the different types of insertion include rotary wing (air land, FRIES, Helocast, parachute), boat, vehicle, and fixed wing
Infiltration/Exfiltration
Movement in the operational areaafter insertion and prior to extraction-involves foot movement
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Infiltration requires a combined effort from all recon team members. The team leader makes his mission assessment from the acronym METT-TC. This will enable him to select the best method of infiltration. That method should offer the best techniques with stealth as their main advantage. Certain fundamentals apply to every infil.
Infiltration
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
•
COMMON PLANNING FACTORS FOR INFIL
METHODS• INTELLIGENCE
– Maps– Aerial Photography
• DECEPTION False InsertionsAir StrikesAir AssaultsMultiple Infil Routes
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
• SPEED AND MOBILITYTAILORING OF INDIVIDUAL LOADSCACHE
• STEALTHMOVEMENT TECHNIQUES
PLANNING FACTORS CONT.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
•SECURITYREHEARSAL AREASTRAINING SITESACCESS TO ISOLATION AREA“NEED TO KNOW”
•REHEARSALS
PLANNING FACTORS CONT.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Enemy Situation
• Enemy’s current disposition in the AO
• Enemy composition-Small arms-ADA-ranges/all weather/day-night-Radar-ranges/capabilities-Current aircraft threat-Special units-SOF-DZ/LZ watchers
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Rotary Wing InsertionCommon Considerations
• AMC/AMB
• Type of Aircraft and it’s capabilities -Special capabilities-fuel, FLIR, TFR
• Pilot qualifications-Nods, FRIES, SPIES
• Enroute navigation
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
• Special equipment required-Headsets-FRIES/SPIES equipment-Fuel pods-Cargo hook
• Seats in or out
Rotary Wing InsertionCommon Considerations
Cont.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
• Order and method of load/unload
• Special equipment worn for insertion by team
• Routes
• Decision point
• Escort A/C
Rotary Wing InsertionCommon Considerations
Cont.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Contingencies
• Aircraft shot down before/after D.P.
• Aircraft mechanical problems
• Enemy at Primary/Alternate insertion points
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Air Mobile
• Most preferred
• Primary/Alternate LZ-size/slope
• Emergency PZ
• Landing direction
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
• Commo with A/C
• Loiter area
• GPS fix of LZ
• Cache if required for mission
Air Mobile Cont.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Air Mobile Contingencies
• LZ not useable
• Wrong LZ
• No commo with A/C
• Enemy Contact-Before landing-While egressing-After A/C has left
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
FRIES
• Pilot and team currency/proficiency
• Equipment availability-ropes/ I bar
• Weather
• Height of trees
• Height to insert from
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
• Order of exit
• Belay of equipment
• Cache of equipment
• Rehearsals
FRIES Cont.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
FRIES Contingencies
• Enemy contact while inserting
• Injured personnel
• Damaged equipment
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Airborne (Fixed or Rotary Wing)
• Currency of personnel (jumpers and JM)
• Available DZs in the AO
• Type of parachute (T10 vs. -1B)
• Type of A/C (C130, CH53, CH47, C141, etc.)
• Rigging location/Rehearsals (pre jump)
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
• Height of drop
•Order of exit from the A/C
• Linkup on DZ/ Assembly plan
• Cache of air items
Airborne (Fixed or Rotary Wing)
Cont.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Airborne Contingencies
• Injured/Missing personnel
• Failure to linkup on DZ
• Missing/Damaged equipment
• Wrong DZ
• Enemy contact on the DZ
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
DOF75 meters
6 jumpers x 75 m450 m (from1st jumper to last)
450 meters
1 second betweenjumpers at 800 ft AGL= 75 m separation
(Direction of team movement)
TL
SSO
RTO
ARTO
SO
ATL
*ATL is first in the orderof exit; allowing him toroll up the team/stick(depending on DOM)
Static Line Assembly
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Halo/Haho (MC5)
• Height of opening/Distance of DZ
• Currency/Proficiency of personnel
• Type of equipment required
• Navigation
• Weather conditions
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
HALO HARP (example)
• D= KAV• 12,500 ft AGL = 50 secondsof free fall• always follow “low man”
Canopy Drift
Free Fall Drift
Forward Throw
DIP
HARP
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Halo/Haho Contingencies
• Low openings
• Missing personnel
• Equipment failure (compasses, oxygen, etc.)
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
E.L.O. BAction- Identify the planning considerations for conducting infil/ exfil from a waterborne platform
Conditions- Given a classroom environment
Standards- Utilize the planning considerations to select the best possible infil/ exfil techniques from a waterborne platform
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Amphibious OperationsHelocast, Boat, Scout Swimmer
• Time schedule: The time schedule of all events from start to end. Accurate timing for each
event is critical
• Embarkation point: The point where the team gets on the transporting craft
• Drop site: This is the site where the team leaves the primary craft and loads onto smaller boats
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
• Physical condition of team/Team qualifications
• Distance to the NAI
• Waterproofing/Weather conditions
• Tidal conditions / Tides, Waves, & Currents
Amphibious OperationsHelocast, Boat, Scout Swimmer
Cont.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
• Equipment required-boats, motors, etc.
• Height to cast from (helocast)
• Navigation (GPS,compass,landmarks)
Amphibious OperationsHelocast, Boat, Scout Swimmer
Cont.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
• Noise and light discipline
• Actions on the beach
• Plan for unloading boat(s)
• Plan for disposal or camouflage of boat(s)
•Availability of cover and concealment
Amphibious OperationsHelocast, Boat, Scout Swimmer
Cont.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
•Characteristics of landing and exit sites
•Actions during movement to the beach
Amphibious OperationsHelocast, Boat, Scout Swimmer
Cont.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Amphibious Contingencies• Injured/Missing personnel
• Damaged/Missing equipment
• Wrong insertion point
• Enemy contact enroute
• Hot helocast site
• Flares
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
• Aerial attack
• Small arms / Indirect fire
• Downed aircraft procedures (if applicable)
• E&R/Separation
•High surf/ adverse weather
Amphibious ContingenciesCont.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
E.L.O. C
Action- Identify the planning considerations for conducting a land infil
Conditions- Given a classroom environment
Standards- Utilize planning considerations in order to determine the best land infil/ exfil possible
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Vehicular Insertion
• Type of vehicle
• Rigging of vehicle
• Navigation
• QRF
• Rehearsals
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
• Communications
• Security
• Vehicle Crew
Vehicular InsertionCont.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Vehicular Contingencies
• Vehicle breakdown
• Roadblock
• Ambush
• Enemy contact
• Alternate Routes
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Foot Infiltration/Exfiltration• Physical condition of the team
• Distance/Terrain to be covered
• Weight to be carried
• Resupply/Cache
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Foot Movement Contingencies
• Injured personnel
• Enemy contact
• No commo
• Damaged equipment
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Roll Over Positions
• When to occupy the position
• Supplies
• Personnel personalities
• Site construction
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Roll Over Contingencies
• Length of stay longer than planned
• Supplies
• Sick/Injured personnel
• Compromise of site
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
E.L.O. D
Action- Identify the planning considerations in exfil operations
Conditions- Given a classroom environment
Standards- Utilize planning considerations in order to select the best possible exfil technique
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
ExtractionCommon Considerations
• Communication with extraction method
• Signaling/Marking of PZ
• Recon of extraction site
• PZ posture
• CCP procedures
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Extraction Contingencies
• Failure of extraction method to show
• No commo with extraction method
• Signaling device not working
• Enemy contact during extraction
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Airmobile Extraction
• Size of PZ/Slope
• Extraction technique: Helicopter landing Spies, troop ladder, JP,
• Security
• Order/Method of loading
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
SPIES Extraction
• Use only if airmobile is unavailable
• Currency of personnel
• SPIES site
• Security/Order of hook up
• Length of time on rope
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
When you are transmitting to the pilot, there are six communication techniques that you should try to follow.
•Speak directly into the handset.•Speak in a normal conversation tone.•Avoid a monotone pitch.•Avoid fast or slow rates of speech.•Avoid any display of emotion, nervousness, indecision,
orexcitement.•Speak with confidence.
Aircraft Communication
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Pilot Transmission GTA Transmission
____ this is Raven ____- over.Raven ____ this is ____- over
____ this is Raven ____, CCP inbound- over. Raven ____ this is ____, state number, type, and
intentions- over. ____ this is Raven ____, single UH-6O inboundto your location for ____ extraction.
Raven ____ this is_____,Heading _ _ _, Distance___ kilometers, Land heading _ _ _, Signal on call, Continue approach for visual identification – over.
____ this is Raven ____, Roger – over. Raven ____ this is ____, I am at your ___ o’clock ___ meters. Signal out, can you identify? – over. ____ this is Raven ____, identify ____ - over
Raven ____ this is ____, you are clear to approach (land). Note: An advisory may be given to the A/C as they make they’re approach, (winds, enemy sit. or ground conditions). * From this point the team would either prepare to board the A/C, or get ready for a spies extraction.
Aircraft Communication
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Amphibious Extraction
• Adequacy of extraction site-depth, banks, etc.
• Waterproofing
• Security
• Order of load
• Distance to extraction site
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Friendly Unit Linkup
• Coordination with friendly unit
• Recon of site
• Moving vs. static element
• Actions after linkup
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
SUMMARY
- Insertion/Extraction
- Airborne platform
- Waterborne platform
- Vehicular platform
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
QUESTIONS?