RECLAIMING OLD WITH NEW : ASPHALT CONCRETE WITH COBBLESTONE TRANSFORMATION.

JOHN ADAMBA ENONDA DENNIS NJOROGEPS13P4863 JULY 2015 PS13P4701

RIFTVALLEY INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

5TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFRENCE ON

RESEARCH, INNOVATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND A SECURE WORLD

OBJECTIVES

1.Eliminate the use of carbon fuel products in road construction.

2.Ease of maintenance and lifespan of roads

3.Activation of local economy as all resources are locally available and produced. Does not depend on oil as asphalt.

4.Generation of employment for local population targeting the disadvantaged groups for women and youths.

5.Reduction of government expenditure in road construction.

6.Creation of small enterprise (SMES) that will grow and diversify for future and sustainable development helping increasing capacity at grass root level.

7.Creation of a work culture particularly among the youths so as to reduce and eliminate their involvement in crime and other unscrupulous behavior's.

PREAMBLE

The project in its present form is the result of how to transform the way road infrastructure is conceived and constructed as a key part of the process of assisting the community to respond to climate change and reduce environmental pressure by adopting the use of cobblestone technology in road engineering works towards the realization of vision 2030 as a key part in governments millennium development goal.

DESIGN / REQUIREMENTSThe process of using cobblestone involves a variety of different materials and equipment's:HammerChiselsDynamic compactorSand Crushed stones (curbstone's)ShovelRakes WheelbarrowTransportation trucksSpirit levelFirst aid boxPocket ruler.

PROCEDUREStage 1

Production of cobblestones – Involves production of raw materials at quarry, delivery of raw materials to chiseler's and chiseling of stones to required sizes.

Stage 2

Surveying of proposed road – Determining location ,level and grades as per the design.

Stage 3

Subgrade preparation – Involves cut and fill works to bring road to required level and grade then constructing sub base based on design recommendation.

Stage 4

Bedding and cobblestone laying – Constructing bedding layer that comprises either crushed stones or sand and then putting cobblestones and bedding layer.

Stage 5

Finishing works – Filling spaces between cobblestone with crushed stones or sand ,completing minor finishing works , compacting and clearing the area.

METHODOLOGY

Extraction from quarry as large

boulders

Shaping of cobblestones to required

sizes

Transportation of

cobblestonesPaving of

roads

Finishing by filling spaces

between cobblestones

Fig 1.1 Diagram showing stages involved in cobblestone extraction

APPLICATION

Repairing potholes in asphalt roads Paving of trunk roads and cities Paving roads within institutions ,schools and

homes Used as concrete blocks in construction of

houses.

IMPORTANCE OF COBBLESTONES Reduces increased temperature thus the demand for air

conditioning theoretically decreases hence saving energy. Its environmental friendly Improves night time vision Reduction in cost of maintenance thus saving on taxpayers

money. cobblestone does not require foreign currency, and the raw

materials are found in and around the city. reduced the dust that caused different diseases rainwater, which caused erosion before, can easily go down

through the joints of the cobblestones and enriches the amount of ground water

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The method chosen for the master thesis is firstly literature

studies both on internet and searching in books in order to create a theoretical platform for the future interviews in this report. Moreover, in order to obtain an impression from the construction industry, semi structured interviews were conducted which enables the interviewees to answer the questions without restraints. Towards understanding the difficulties in road maintenance and reaching for improvements in the area.

REFERENCE

1. The cement sustainability initiative ,world business council for sustainable development published 1 June 2002.

2. Sustainable roadway construction, energy consumption and material waste generation of roadways ‘American society of civil Engineers reston VA proceeding of 2005’.

3. Kenya property institute.

4. Internet.

5. Engineering journals.

6. Karim, Hawzheen (2011). Road Design for Future Maintenance- Life-cycle Cost Analyses for Road Barriers. PhD thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm