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Chris Weeks Aquaculture Extension Specialist MSUE/NCRAC
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)
2016 Michigan Seafood Summit
Rising Seafood Demand
Imports – Exports US Seafood
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000
1998
2005
2013
Value ($ billion)
# Farms
US Aquaculture
FarmsValue
1.37
1.09
0.98
US Production
Oun
ce e
quiv
alen
ts
2015 USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000
1998
2005
2013
Value ($ billion)
# Farms
US Aquaculture
FarmsValue
“We’re not against aquaculture, just this
particular kind of aquaculture… We
already know how to do aquaculture in
Michigan”
“Recirculating aquaculture… is already being implemented in Michigan, raise mass amounts of fish… a practice.. well suited
to vacant warehouses ”
IN URBAN AREAS
IT CAN BE DONE SUSTAINABLY
INDOORS
AQUACULTURE IS
IMPORTANT
THROUGH RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE
SYSTEMS
RAS Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
Rearing unit Biofilter
Clarifier
Pentair
Waste Treatment System(s)
Purge System
Ozone UV
H2O Aeration/ Degassing
Anchorage Alaska DNR State Hatchery estimated $60-80 million
US Aquaculture Problem? Production of Seafood
• Food • Water • Energy • Environment
Business of Food
• How do consumers see it? • Retailers?
2014
Species Lbs
1 Shrimp 4
2 Salmon 2.307
3Canned Tuna 2.3
4 Tilapia 1.436
5 Pollock 0.981
6 Pangasius 0.69
7 Cod 0.657
8 Catfish 0.517
9 Crab 0.508
10 Clams 0.342
14.6Total All Species
U.S. Per-Capita Consumption By Species in Pounds Data from National Marine Fisheries Service.
Top Seafood Products Consumed in US
Water
Low High Cage, netpen farming, flow through (fish, shellfish, seaweeds) 0 100 RAS (no/low water exchange -African catfish, eel) 400 500 Tilapia 2,800 Catfish (intensive ponds) 4,000 16,000 Fish (freshwater ponds) 4,700 7,800 Shrimp farming (ponds) 11,000 43,000 RAS (trout 90% recycling) 25,000
Estimated Freshwater Use (liters/kg product)
Modified from Costa-Pierce et al. Responsible use of resources for sustainable aquaculture
Energy
• Colt et al. 2008 compared production of salmon smolts in RAS to traditional flow-through methods
RAS 2.5 times electrical requirements
Environment
Basilico in serra-Radiuk
kg CO2/kg Salmon (fresh to US) 7.36
kg CO2/kg Salmon (frozen) 3.39 (fresh to US) 8.24
Model Land-based RAS to Norwegian Netpen Atlantic salmon
7.25 million lbs /yr
Rosten et al. 2013
RAS Netpen
CO2 Footprint
US RAS - Status
- Operational - Unknown - Failed
Information sources: http://www.thebetterfish.com/barra-blog/so-you-want-to-be-a-fish-farmer http://www.ccb.se/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Freshwater-Institute_Brian-Vinci_day1.pdf Weeks 2015 unpublished data from 2015 NCR survey to aquaculture extension personnel
Blue Ridge Aquaculture Started in 1993 Tilapia 4 million lbs /yr (~2,000 MT)
Source: http://www.thebetterfish.com/
Started in 2006 Species barramundi Target: 2 million lbs /yr (~1,000 MT)
Australis, Turner Falls, MA
Operational RAS in US Company State Start Species Production Vero Blue IA 2011 Barramundi 600,000 Australis Aquaculture MA 2004 Barramundi 1,500,000 Hunting Creek Fisheries MD Goldfish, Koi Mt. Parnell Fisheries PA 1999 Goldfish, Koi Desert Springs AZ 2005 Tilapia 1,000,000 Colorado correctional CO Tilapia Tippco IN 2011 Tilapia 125,000 RDM Shrimp IN 2010 Marine shrimp Indiana RAS 1 IN Pond stocking Illinois 1 IL LMB Aqua Green LA 2006 Tilapia 500,000 Astor Farms NC 2009 Tilapia 400,000 Brock Farms NC 2001 Tilapia 150,000 Circle G Farms NC 2001 Tilapia 300,000 DPK NC 2001 Tilapia 300,000 Farmers Catch NC 2001 Tilapia 150,000 Southern Farm Tilapia 1 NC 1998 Tilapia 250,000 Sutton Farms NC 2001 Tilapia 300,000 Taylor Fish Farm NC 2009 Tilapia 250,000 Triple M aquaculture NC Tilapia Freshwater Farms OH Trout, Y. Perch 100,000 Ohio Tilapia 1 OH Tilapia CA sturgeon CA Sturgeon / caviar Blue Ridge Aquaculture VA 1993 Tilapia 4,000,000
4+ yrs operating
Species Number Million Lbs Tilapia 14 7.7 Barramundi 2 2.1 Goldfish, Koi 2 Trout and Yellow Perch 1 0.1 Largemouth Bass 1 Marine Shrimp 1 Unknown 1 Sturgeon (caviar) 2
total 23 ~ 10
4+ yrs operating
Operational RAS in US
rough estimates are < 2% of total US production > 98% live ethnic / direct sale/ premium markets
US RAS – closed / failures State Qty State Qty Al 1 MT 2 CA 3 NC 3 GA 1 ND 1 IA 2 NH 1 ID 1 NV 2 IL 7 NY 3 IN 3 OH 17 KY 1 PA 4 LA 2 TX 1 MA 3 VA 3 MD 2 WA 1 ME 1 WI 9 MI 5 WV 2 MN 4
total 85 ~ 80% failure rate to date
(based on available information)
1999-2013
• $4.5 million facility • Started 1999 • Co-op 308 farmers • Heat from beet sugar processing facility 30,000 lbs tilapia/wk to live ethnic markets
http://prangerent.com
Commercial facility $70+ million ??
2005-2015
RAS in the NCR survey to aquaculture Extension and Industry
Number commercial RAS in state successfully operating for 5+ years
5
Number producing 100,000 lbs+ annually
2
Number failures you can recall in your state
43
Average 5 year success rate (%) 10
Why the high failure rate?
Economics – Poor planning
• Unrealistic expectations • Business planning • Market analysis • Return on investment issues
– Management and manageability
• Complexity • Catastrophic failures
Where does RAS appear to be working?
• Tilapia (live ethnic markets) • Hatchery systems for marine netpens
13.5 million smolts to 200-300 grams for netpen grow out
Where does RAS appear to be working?
• Tilapia (live ethnic markets) • Hatchery systems for marine netpens • Barramundi (relatively new, mostly live
markets) • Sturgeon (caviar) • Smaller scale DIRECT SALES?
Smaller scale DIRECT SALES • Local farm markets and community supported
agriculture (CSA’s) – CAN YOU COMPETE WITH THE TERRESTIAL CROP
STAND /CSA CLOSE TO YOU? – IF NOT, WHY IS YOUR PRODUCT BETTER?
• Live market
– IS THERE A NEW MARKET WITHIN DESIRED RADIUS? – IS THERE ROOM FOR ADDITIONAL PRODUCT?
• Premium fish markets
– ARE THERE ENOUGH RESTAURANTS CLOSE BY THAT WOULD PAY MORE FOR A FRESH PRODUCT?
RAS to Watch
• Barramundi (Iowa) • Salmon
Target 7.2 million lbs /yr barramundi spoke and hub operation
Poland 2016 startup
$12 Million
Geothermal
“Premium” on-land salmon
http://www.intrafish.com/news/article1396517.ece
Part of Atlantic Saphire new 3,000 MT facility Florida??
RAS to Watch
• Barramundi (Iowa) • Salmon • Shrimp?
Darryl Brown of RDM Shrimp (IN). Photo : Purdue University
http://ralcotoday.com/
Target 1.0 million lbs /yr
marine shrimp spoke and hub
operation
Hub and Spoke Contract Network
Contract Producers
Regional Hub
Why RAS needs serious discussion:
• US is falling behind in seafood production
• Higher failure rates – Caused by economic viability – High risk factor for aquaculture investment
• Controversial
– Perception vs reality? • Short and long term sustainability issues
