Upload
noele-veron
View
109
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Recherche et Développement
Scientifique en Israel
Recherche et Développement
Scientifique en Israel
Ministère de la Science, Culture & Sport
H. Bercovier et
David Mendlovic
H. Bercovier et
David Mendlovic
Eyesquad
TélécommandeIrrigation goutte à goutte,Cartes intelligentes pour accès aux programmes TV satellites, Pentium III/IV et Centrino Programmes pour téléphones cellulaires et Modems Zip-Unzip, Internet Chat, Médicaments pour la maladie d’ Alzheimer, Cancer, Sclérose en plaques, maladie de Parkinson…Stents cardiaques,Disk on Key Méthode de FeldenkraisHamster Syrien …
Mission des UNIVERSITES
* Excellence et création du savoir pour les 7 Institutions de Recherches/Universités
* Doivent préparer la prochaine génération de scientifiques et de cadres de la société.
Etudiants dans l ’ Education Supérieure
150,150
101,290
135,890
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
1985/86 1987/88 1989/90 1991/92 1993/94 1995/96 1997/98 99/2000 2001/02 2003/04
Bachelor's degree
Total
198,800
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
6 7 7 7 8 1016 20 21 22 23 22 22 22 227 7 8 8 10
13
1416
19 19 19 22 23 24 25
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1989/90 1991/92 1993/94 1995/96 1997/98 99/2000 2001/02 2003/04
Universités autres institutions Teacher training colleges
Développement des Institutions d ’ Education supérieure dans les années 90.
Le PBC Budget
Institutions of
Higher Education
Research & other Bodies
Aide aux étudiants
To be an independent body between the Government and the Institutions of higher education,
in all matters relating to allocations for higher education
Principe du Modèle
1 .Le modèle a 2 compartiments séparés:
Enseignement
Recherche
Compartiment Recherche
Sur une base compétitive, il comprend 4 éléments:
1. Revenus de recherches compétitives 35% 2. Revenus de recherches “non compétitives” 20% 3. Publications Scientifiques 15%
Poids
4. Doctorants 30%
(La part de HUJ est 29%)
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00
Spain
Germany
France
Belgium
Norway
United States
Canada
New Zealand
Australia
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Denmark
Finland
Israel
Sweden
Switzerland
No. of citations in scientificliterature per million population -2001
Scientific publications per millionpopulation - 1999 - 2001
Scientific Publications – 1999-2001 and Number of Citations in Scientific Literature – 2001 per Million Population (us=1.00)
Source: Science & Engineering Indicators 2004, US NSF
10
Israel As a Scientific Leader
Scientific Publications – Israel is one of the two world wide leader in
scientific publications per capita – 1% of the scientific worldwide
publications, 2% in mathematics
Scientific Citations – Israel is the 3rd worldwide leader in citations per
capita. In 6 over 20 scientific fields, Israel is number 1
Scientists Per Capita – 0.5% of the overall population. Israel is
number 1 with 133 scientists per 10,000 employees
Investment Is Science – Israel invests more than 4% of the Gross
National Product (#1), more than Finland and Sweden (3.3%)
Scientific Publications of Israel and neighboring countriesAs Percentage of World Publications
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Perc
enta
ges
Source: Science & Engineering Indicators 2004, US NSF
Israel
Middle East & North African Countries (Exc. Israel)
Position de la Science Israélienne
• Sciences des matériaux et nanotechnologie: 1er rang• Sciences de l’ordinateur : 2eme rang• Economie et management: 4eme rang• Chimie: 5eme rang. • Mathématiques: 7eme rang • Biologie: 8 eme
• Immunologie: 13eme • Microbiologie: 15eme, • 14eme en Psychologie et Psychiatrie, 18eme en
Sciences sociales et 22eme en Médecine Clinique.
13
Ranking Of The 5 Leaders Per Fields
AreaIsrael Rank Among The 5 Leaders
Computer scienceIsrael, USA, Swiss, Canada, Denmark
ChemistryUSA, Swiss, Israel, Holland, Sweden
MaterialsUSA, Denmark, Holland, Israel, Swiss
MicrobiologyUSA, Swiss, GB, Holland, Israel
Mulec. Biology and geneticsSwiss, USA, Germany, Holland, Israel
PhysicsSwiss, Denmark, USA, Holland, Israel
Agriculture scienceSweden, GB, Denmark, Canada, Holland
AstrophysicsUSA, Swiss, Holland, Canada, GB
Earth scienceUSA, Australia, GB, Swiss, France
Prix NobelPrix Nobel• Littérature (S. Agnon)• Paix• Physique (D. Gross)• Chimie (Hershko & Ciechanover)• Economie (Kahneman & Aumann)• Chimie (R. Kornberg)
ERC competition 2007
• CNRS (France) 16Max-Planck Society (Germany) 10University of Cambridge (UK) 10
Technion 7 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientcas 7Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy) 6
• Hebrew University of Jerusalem 6 Imperial College London (UK) 5 University
College London (UK) 5- Weizmann Institute of Science 5
Oxford(UK) University 5Katholieke Universiteit Leuven 4Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat Heidelberg 4
- Tel Aviv University 4
4.6
4.7
5.3
5.3
5.6
6.0
6.1
6.5
6.7
8.2
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0
Japan
Netherlands
Germany
U.K.
Finland
Australia
France
Sweden
Denmark
Israel
Source:OECD, 2000
Investissement dans l' Education(pourcentage du PNB) 2007
2.5
2.6
2.8
3.1
3.4
4.6
5.0
1.9
2.1
2.1
2.2
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.5
1.2
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
Ireland
Australia
Norway
CanadaU.K.
Austria
Denmark
Singapore
France
Germany
Switzerland
U.S.AJapan
Finland
Sweden
Israel
Investissement en R&D
Source: Human Development Report, 2004
(en pourcentage du PNB, 1996-2002)4.2
39,963
41,651
42,095
43,908
45,828
48,795
52,421
57,253
57,775
67,104
64,833
62,765
61,865
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000
Finland
Canada
Ireland
New Zealand
Luxembourg
France
Sweden
Australia
U.S.A
Israel
Scotland
Iceland
Netherlands
$ par individu employé en agriculture
Source: IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook, 2004
Productivité en Agriculture
Medium-Low Technology
Industries17%
Low Technology Industries
9%
Medium-High Technology
Industries25%
High Technology
49%
Source: The Israel Export & International Cooperation Institue, 2003
Manufacturing Export by Technological Intensity, 2003
20% in 1991
R&D R&D evaluationevaluationIMD World IMD World Competitiveness Competitiveness YearbookYearbook
))Japan’s rankingJapan’s ranking((Fuente: White Paper on Fuente: White Paper on International Trade 2002International Trade 2002
(Citado en (Citado en Journal of Journal of Japanese Trade &Industry Japanese Trade &Industry July/August 2002, July/August 2002, Japan Japan Economic Foundation)Economic Foundation)
21
BASIC RESEARCH
Several funding resources mainly
in Universities and research institutes
STRATEGIC RESEARCH
The well known “Gray Zone”
APPLIED RESEARCH
Min. of Trade &Industry andCommercial companies
Research in Israel – Mind The Gap
"Strategic Research - the Connecting Link""Strategic Research - the Connecting Link"
Directed R&D
Orienter la R&DOrienter la R&D
Ministry of Science, Culture & Sport
23
Governmental Funding In Israel
Mandatory for success in science and technology - Excellence
Encouraging the excellence is carried out by various organizations:
OrganizationPriority byType of R&D
Ministry of EducationAcademic excellenceBasic Sciences
Ministry of Industry, Trade & Labor
Commercial excellenceApplied and commercial
Ministry of Science and other Governmental Ministries
National prioritiesApplied infrastructure
Only the Ministry of Science and its related Chief Scientists prioritize their funds per national priorities and long term scientific vision
24
Chief Scientists Forum MOST is head and organizer of the Chief Scientist Forum
This forum is responsible to execute the Governmental
R&D directions in Israel
It includes:
Defining national priorities
Announcement and review
Shared infrastructures
Meets monthly and activate various sub-committees
An observer of the NCRD participates all meetings
25
43%31%4%
5%2%
15%
MOIT
MOST
Agric.
Energy
ISF
Others
Pie Of Governmental R&D Investment
The Ministry of Science - A Close Look
The Ministry of Science - A Close Look
Ministry of Science, Culture & Sport
27
Vision in Science and Technology
Israel as a small country cannot invest in all Spectrums of R&D. There is a need for a national professional guiding hand.
Israel as a leading nation in science and technology, strives towards Excellence.
The Ministry of Science plays a central role in the shaping and leading the R&D policy of Israel.
The Ministry is responsible for determining national priorities, enhancing physical and human resources infra-structures, magnifying the contribution of Israel and implementing the relative advantages of Israel.
La réalité
Bottom-up
Entropie maximaleConscience nationale
Investissement dans les infrastructures dépendants des donateurs
Rencontre entre ces facteurs et priorités nationales
Priorités nationales déterminées par: Académie Nationale des SciencesDirecteur(s) Général de la ScienceTELEMLes UniversitésL’industrie
33
Cooperative research programs.
Membership in international organizations.
Bi-national & international cooperative conferences.
Researcher exchanges.
International Scientific Relations
34
France Germany (BMBF+GIF)
South Korea Croatia
China India
Ukraine Slovenia
Taiwan Russia
USA
Bi-National Research Programs
35
To the Region
For the Region
About the Region
Regional R&D Centers
36
Regional R&D Centers
37
Universities
Research Institutes
Industries
Inter – Ministries
coordination
Civilization of space
technologies
International cooperation
Support of space
activity in Israel
Launch multi-
discipline projects
Educational mission
ISA – Israel Space Authority
38
National Priorities – Vertical, HorizontalTissue EngStem Cells Water Photonics IT &
TelecomAdvancedMaterials
Space
Nanotechnology
Energy & Environment
Science Policy
Les Relations Industrie- Universités
Les Relations Industrie- Universités
Ministry of Science, Culture & Sport
Comparaison entre UK et USApour le transfert de technologie
• Par $1 milliard de fonds de recherche
US HUJ UK
• Spin-outs created 50 20 15• Licensing income $31m $120m $12.4m • Licenses signed in year
» 206 190 120• Invention disclosure
» 440 520 399
PharmaPharma• Copaxone• Exelon• Rebif• Doxil• Azilec Plus de 3 Milliards de $ de ventes
Albert Einstein The Hebrew University of
Jerusalem
43
4 Campuses
5 Affiliated Hospitals
24,000 Students45% Graduate “
1,000 Researchers (Staff Members)
1,600 Post-Graduate Students in Biotechnology
Over 400 Researchers in Applied Sciences
3,500 Research Projects
>100 Research Centres
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Biomédicine 58 (Times Higher Education)
• Sciences Sociales 49 “• Humanités 41 “• Général 93 “• Général 65 (Shanghai)• Publications 59 (CEST)
HUJ Rang Mondial
ISF 2003/06Exact Sciences 20% Life & Medicine 33%Social Sciences & Humanities 41%
• Microbiol 50%• Medicine 40%• Cell Biol. 36%• Mol biol 36%• Neurobiol 30%• Immunol 30%• Ecology 29%• Biochem 28%• Plant biol 28%
• Statistics 67%• Pol Sciences 57%• Philo 50%• Bible 50%• Economics 40%• Litter. 48%• History 39%• Education 33%• Law 30%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
$ Million
FONDS EXTERIEURS POUR LA RECHERCHE à HUJ (Par année académique ….)
107 Millions US$
INVESTISSEMENT annuel réel pour la Recherche à HUJ
Grant/Centers Funds $ 107 Millions
Bourses $ 16 Millions
Salaires $ 135 Millions
TOTAL $ 258 Millions
25 % de la recherche civile en Israel
48
48
Mission de Yissum (créée en 1964)
Propriétaire exclusif de la PI de l’Université: doit promouvoir le transfert de technologies vers l’Industrie et la Sociéte en général
Yissum = Hebreu pour ‘application’
49
49
Research Money
Yissum pays royalties to the researchers and HUJI
HUJ researchers discover new invention &
submits disclosure
Yissum protects the IP and
commercialises
The Industry partner pays for the use of IP to Yissum
$/$/EUEU
Le Transfert de Technologie
50
50
La Propriété Intellectuelle et son partage
• Yissum est le propriétaire de tout développement réalisé à HU
• Les bénéfices nets sont redistribués:– 40% des Royalties vont au chercheur– 20% des royalties vont au Labo du
chercheur – 40% vont à l’ HU
En résumé
Plus d’ $1 Milliard de ventes annuelles pour les produits développés à Hebrew University
5,500 brevets 1,600 inventions 480 licenses 65 spin-offs
Levée de fonds dépassant $165 mil en 2007 auprès des VCs et d’investisseurs privés.
ECOGEN INC.
Le mystère de l’ail enfin Le mystère de l’ail enfin résolurésolu
Et pourtant elle tourne
Merci de votre attentionMerci de votre attention