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Recently Progress of Agri-Biotech Crop in China
Zhen [email protected]
Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
International ConferenceAdoption of Biotech Crops in the Developing World:
Case Studies of Farmers from China, India and the Philippines April 2, 2013, Manila, Philippine
Agri-Biotechnology in China
Phase I: 1986-2000Mission: Tracking global frontier of science and technologyGene cloningPlant transformationTransgenic crops field-tests
Phase II: 2001-PresentMission: Developing independent innovation capacity of science and technology
Commercialization of GM cropsBio-safety Genomic sequencingFunctional genomics and new gene identified
Major National Research Plan
National High-tech R&D Program of China (863 Program)--The Ministry of Science and Technology
National Key Basic Research Program (973 Program) --The Ministry of Science and Technology
National Science and Technology Major Special Program--Government ministries
From 2006 to 2020, Chinese government, local govenment and industry will invest more than ¥30 billions to support R & D of transgenic technology, including crops and domestic animals. The content of this project including:
Cloning of genes related to important agronomic traits, Breeding new transgenic varieties, Industrialization of GM crops, Establishment of laboratories and bases, Risk assessment & bio-safety on GM crop Public Communications
GM New Variety Breeding Major Project(2006-2020)
Research Progress of GM Crops in China
The Commercialized Transgenic Crops for the First Time in China
Virus-resistant transgenic sweet pepper(Peking University)
Long shelf tomato(Huazhong Agriculture University)
Virus-resistant transgenic tomato(Peking University)
CHS Transgenic Petunia(Peking University ) Insect-resistant cotton(CAAS)
Insect-resistant cotton(Monsanto )
Bollworm Resistant Transgenic Cotton
The Application of Bt-Cotton in China
In China, The area of Bt cotton has reached to 72% of total cotton farming land in 2008.
The cumulated plant area of Bt cotton has reached 220 million Mu during 1999 to 2008.
The plant area of Bt cotton developed by Chinese scientists has increased from 7% in 1999 to 93% in 2008.
Reduce pesticide usage to 80%, accumulative reduction 45,000 Tons during 1999 to 2008.
Increase income and reduce expenditure ¥220 / per Mu, accumulative benefit about ¥40 billion. 30 million farmer families are benefit from Bt cotton.
Provided by Mr. Sandui Guo1 hectare = 15 mu
Three Lines Hybrid Bt Cotton
Yinmian 2Lint production increase to 26.4%
Seed Production Process of Three Line Hybrid Bt Cotton
Restorer line Sterile line F1-hybrid
Due to avoid manual remove stamen, three Line system is more efficiency. Saving time and labor; the cost is lower, the price of hybrid
seed decrease from ¥30-65 to ¥18-25/kg.
Pollination
PRSV-Resistant Transgenic PapayaSouth China Agricultural University
Symptom in papaya showing PRSV infection
Huanong 1, GM papaya with replicase gene of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), performance of high virus resistance
Huanong 1, GM papaya
Field trials of GM papaya
Bt Pest-resistant Poplar
Transgenic control
(Prof. LU Mengzhu)
Transgenic poplar with resistance to Lepidopterainsect pests.
Transgenic Rice
In China, More than 5% of the total production rice production losses caused by insect pests, it is about 10 million tons. Expenditure for chemical insecticide and application will cost about 3 billion US $ per year.
Lepidopteran insects caused serious damage to rice production --Xianfang City, Hubei Province
Bt Transgenic Insect-resistant RiceBy Huazhong Agri. Uni.
Transgenic pest-resistant rice through the safety evaluation, will enter a variety of regional trial and the validation, a significant reduction in pesticide usage and improve economic benefits of rice farmers
Transgenic insect-
resistant riceControl
Transgenic insect-
resistant rice
Huahui 1 and Bt Shanyou 63 through the safety evaluation
Transgenic rice: Number 863 and border Wild type rice as control: others
Insect-resistant Transgenic Rice Obtained Financial Support by 863 ProgramFuzhou, Fujian Province, May (L) and Aug. ®
Transgenic Rice with Resistance to Brown Plant hopper
Insecticidal crystal protein(ICP) genes, cry30 and cry54 were cloned from B. thuringesis, which showed significant resistance to brown planthopper. Resistance level of trangenic rice with cry30 increased from grade 9 to 3
Brown Planthopper Resistant Assay on ICP
No.worm 24H 48H 72H 96HMortality 96H (%)
Normal feed 92 0 3 4 5 5.43
E.coli 90 0 5 7 11 12.22
B.thuringesis MC28 91 0 23 87 91 100.00
cry54 expression protein 101 0 42 66 72 71.29
cry30 expression protein 88 0 26 57 69 78.41
Insecticidal crystal proteins Brown Planthopper Resistant Assay on cry30 Transgenic Rice
样品编号 TN1 Mudgo ASD7
TDG1 9 9 9
TDG2 7 9 9
TDG3 3 9 9
TDG4 7 9 9
TDG5 7 9 7
TDG6 7 9 9
TDG7 3 5 7
TDG8 9 9 7
TDG9 5 9 3
TDG10 3 7 7
TDG11 7 9 9
TDG12 5 9 9
TDG13 3 3 3
The 60-80% of the phosphorus exists in the form of phytic acid in plant seeds, which is anti-nutritional factor, Phytase catalyze hydrolysis of phytic acid into myo-inositol and inorganic phosphate, which can be utilized by livestoke.
A bacterial Phytase gene has been transferred into maize, and transgenic maize with high phytase activity has been obtained, the expression up to 120,000 U / kg.
This transgenic event has pass through the safety evaluation by MOA.
• (Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Prof.FAN Yun-Liu)
Phytase Transgenic Corn
Transgenic corn Non-transformed corn
Field Trials of Phytase Transgenic Maize
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Prof.FAN Yun-Liu
Insect-Resistant Transgenic CornChina Agricultural University
GM maize lines for insect resistance have been approved for field testing Non-GM GM
Resistance to WYMV of CP Transgenic Wheat
Transgenic Wheat
Wheat yellow mosaic virus
FK
22
Kitaake
DF-1
DF-2
DF-3
DF-4
DF-5
DF-6
DF-7
DF-8
OF-1
OF-2
OF-3
NF-1
NF-2
NF-3
3.8
1.0
11.5
3.5 4.7
3.1
4.6
5.3
9.9
12.4
13.4
8.4
28 kDa
em
ensa m
g/g
0.000
0.005
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
NT DF OF NFFK
Iron Contents in Trans-ferritin Rice Seeds
Western Analysis of Trans-Ferritin Rice Seeds
Expression of Soybean Ferritinin Transgenic Rice Seeds
NT GluB-OF GluB-NF
Transgenic rice seeds increase in iron(Ferritin)
Transgenic rice with high content resistant starch has been obtained, which can be used as staple food for diabetic patients.
Starch Quality Improvement
Transgenic rice produce Human Serum Albumin
HSA
LGC
T
新品种
供体 新品种9-9-5-37 阴性对照
转人
血清
双高
白蛋
白新
品种
选育
Human Serum Albumin
Transgenic rice per hectare production of human serum albumin valued at up to one million US$.
Endosperm Specially Deleted System
A safe plant transformation system is established based on lox/creand specific expression technologies. Insecticidal protein only specifically expressed in the leaves and stems, but not expression in the embryo and endosperm. Meanwhile, in the endosperm of exogenous genes are effectively deleted.
Deleted frequency up to 100%.
root shoot leaf seed
control
Endosperm expression
Endosperm Specially deleted
Constitutiveexpression
单价抗虫基因cry1ca 茎叶特异表达及胚乳特异性删除载体
单价抗虫基因cry1Ab茎叶特异表达及胚乳特异性删除载体
单价抗虫基因cry1Ah(m4) 茎叶特异表达及胚乳特异性删除载体
Identify & Cloning of Important Agronomic Traits
GeneGene discovery is the key step in the GM crop development, and new important genes with intellectual property right is the basis for the establishing and develping national agricultural biotechnology industry
ipa1 TN1
IPA1
PM
1
PM
2
PM
3
PM
4
Mar
kers
6.7 2.1 1.8 3.1cM)
IPA1
Mar
kers
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
19 5 9632
b
c
d
e
f Point mutation
ATG TAG*
a
Cloning of Ideal Plant Architecture Gene IPA1
IPA1(Ideal Plant Architecture 1), a semi-dominant gene, which determine the tiller’s angle and number, leaf and panicle lenth, and which can be used to increase yield of varieties.
Jiao et al. (2010) Nature Genetics
Plant Architecture Related Genes
Cloning of Erect Panicle Gene EP2EP2 determine the shape of rice panicle, and significantly increase the yield per rice plant
Zhu et al. (2010) Genetics 184: 343-350
Panicle Shape Related Genes
Rice gl-7(t) Grain Length Regulated Gene
Rice mutant P13, results Length/width ratio of grain to more than 4.0.
long-grain related gene gl-7 (t) has been isolated from P13, which significant increase in grain length (+8.3%).
Grain Appearance Quality Related Gene
Chen et al 2008 PNAS
S5 Indica-Japonica Sterility / Wide Compatibility
Mutant S5 overcome infertility between subspecies, which make it possible to the widespread use of strong hybrid vigor between indicaand japonica.
Identification of Rice Brown Planthopper Resistant Genes
Chr 3
C5611.3
R185414.2
S27131.2 Y3635R3.0 C8200.4 R2880.9 S1118210.1 RZ656
32.1
C1408.4 C891
14.0C28071.2 C5139.8RZ467
Bph15
Chr 4
C7611.6
RZ5196.3 S116694.6 RZ7614.1 C14013.8 R24044.7 C25408.4 R244314.6
R19251.3 G1318Bph14
MRG2684MRG2346MRG2329MRG5949
MRG4319RM261
PCR-based marker selection system developed for Bph14/ 15
Xa26, a Gene for Resistance to Xanthomonus oryzae pv. oryzae
• Encoding a LRR-Receptor-like kinase
• Conferring whole growth process resistance at both seedling and adult stages 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Rb22
Minghui 63
Mudanjiang 8
IR24
MD
J8/MH
63
IRB
B3
B
A
Sun et al. Plant J 2004
Cloning of Important Agronomic TraitsGenes Phenotype Institution Journal
DEP1 Spike Shape Inst.Genet & Devel. Biol..CAS Nature Genet.,2009
OsSKIPa Drought-Tolerance Huazhong Agr.Uni. PNAS, 2009
PROG1 Tiller Angle Shanghai Inst.Plant Physiol.CAS Nature Genet.,2008
Ghd7 Height & Grains/Spike Huazhong Agr.Uni. Nature Genet.,2008
GIF1 Plumpness of Grain Shanghai Inst.Plant Physiol.CAS Nature Genet.,2008
GW2 Grain width Huazhong Agr.Uni. Nature Genet.,2007
RID1 Spike Developing Huazhong Agr.Uni. PNAS,2008
AKT1 Salt-Tolerance China Agri.Uni. Cell,2006
ABAR Seed Developing China Agri.Uni Nature,2006
SKC1 Salt-Tolerance Shanghai Inst.Plant Physiol.CAS Nature Genet.,2005
MOC1 Tillering Inst.Genet & Devel. Biol..CAS Nature,2003
From DNA to Variety
DNASequence
GM plants Cultivar
C76
11.6
RZ5196.3
S116694.6
RZ7614.1
C14013.8
R24044.7
C2540
8.4R2443
14.6
R19251.3G1318
Bph14
Gene
Sequencing Genomics Transformation Molecularbreeding
The Challenge of the GM Crops Commercialization
in China
Status of Seed Industry in China
The lower level of aggregation: In China, there are more than 8,700 seed companies and twenty thousand seed sellers.
Small-scale seed enterprises: Top 50 seed companies market share is only 30% of seed market.
Lack of independent R & D capabilities: At present, China's agricultural biotechnology research is mainly in institutions and universities, rather than in seed companies.
The Development of Modern Agriculture Seed Industry
On 18 April. 2011, State Council issued “Recommendations on Accelerating the Development of Modern Crop Seed Industry”.
Mission: Rapidly increasing national agricultural and seed industry's technological innovation capability , and enhancing enterprises international competitiveness, updating the national crop seed industry, and establishing a modern national crop seed industry system.
Key measures:Improving laws and regulations system; Policy support; Increase investment.
Anti-GMO NGO Activity in China
I refuse to pesticides and
genetically modified food
A Trusted Supermarket
The Movement Against Genetically Modified Food
Firmly opposed to genetically
modified foods
Rejection of GM food, care
of family health
Protect the safety of
race, rejection of AROWANA brand GM
soybean oil.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Accept Refuse Neutral No Ideal
% 20032010
Compared with 2003, in 2010 the proportion of accept GMO dropped down of 7%, the opposition has risen 5%.
Data From Professor Huang jikun
Consumer’s Attitude to GM Food
Agri-Biotech Science Communication Platform
On Feb.28, 2013, Agricultural biotechnology science communication platform initiated by 5 society including Chinese Biotechnology Society was formal launched.
Activities of the PlatformPlatform hold “Summit Forum on Crop Breeding” , Feb. 28, 2013.
James Clive give the present on global progress of Bio-tech crops.
On May 18, the platform will organize large-scalescience publicity on Bio-tech crops during “The 2nd ofthe International Plant Day”.