Recent interpretations...Content This course is designed to provide two hours of credit for continuing education requirements for building inspectors and contractors. The course consists

Recent interpretations

2012 Plumbing Code

ContentThis course is designed to provide two hours of credit for continuing education requirements for building inspectors and contractors.

The course consists of interpretations that have been made by NCDOI and are provided to illustrate the position of NCDOI on these issues. The interpretations were made on a case by case basis but provide guidance and insight as to the department’s position on these issues.

Solvent CementIs ABS to PVC solvent cement as found in the local building supply store allowed to be used to joining PVC and ABS plastic pipes?

No. Solvent joints between dissimilar plastics is prohibited.

707.1 Prohibited joints. The following types of joints and connections shall be prohibited:

4. Solvent-cement joints between different types of plastic pipe.

SleevesThe contractor has used a long sweep to turn up from under a slab into the wall. Does this require a sleeve per section 305.5? The building is on a slab with a block foundation with cap block.

Sleeves305.5 Pipes through or under footings or foundation walls. Any pipe that passes within 12 inches (305 mm) under a footing or through a foundation wall shall be provided with a relieving arch, or a pipe sleeve pipe shall be built into the foundation wall. The sleeve shall be two pipe sizes greater than the pipe passing through the wall. Piping shall not be run under pier footing (refer to Section 307).

Sleeves No. section 305.5 refers to pipes

passing through a foundation wall or

through a foundation where

differential settlement of the building

and the surrounding soil may shear

or damage the pipe. This piping is

under the building slab, passing

through the slab up through the

block where the slab will prevent the

shearing action.`

Dead endsIn a retrofit job they removed the kitchen and kitchen floor drain. Do they have to remove the 20 feet of drain line abandoned under the concrete slab?

Yes, the line should be removed and capped. Section 704.5 prohibits dead ends.

704.5 Dead ends. In the installation or removal of any part of a drainage system, dead ends shall be prohibited. Cleanout extensions and approved future fixture drainage piping shall not be considered as dead ends.

Dead ends

What is the definition of a dead end?

DEAD END. A branch leading from a soil, waste or vent pipe; a building drain; or a building sewer, and terminating at a developed length of 2 feet (610 mm) or more by means of a plug, cap or other closed fitting.

Toilet RoomsThe city has a fire station being converted to a recreational building. Occupant load is 93. Occupancy type is A3. How many toilets are required?

Using A3 for general use male toilet requirements are 1 per 125 and the female are 1 per 65. Therefore only one toilet is required in either the male or female toilet room. Two toilet rooms are required. Both can be labeled unisex.

Toilet RoomsThe city has a fire station being converted to a recreational building. Occupant load is 93. Occupancy type is A3. Does the disproportionality clause for accessibility apply?

Disproportionality does not apply as this is new construction due to the change of occupancy. Both of the required toilet rooms are required to be accessible since the requirement is for each use (i.e. for each sex) even though they are both labeled as unisex.

Toilet RoomsThis plan would allow us to do male and female ADA compliant toilets within the square footage we have in the existing building for a renovation project with limited floor space. I have checked with our local Health Dept. and they do not have a problem with this plan. I have not found a code reference that speaks to this issue with the lavatory not in the toilet room. One lavatory will serve our occupancy count of 75. What is your opinion?

Toilet RoomsNC Plumbing Code Section 405.3.1 requires the lavatory to be in the same room as the plumbing fixture. The only exception is for elementary schools for the teacher to observe the students washing their hands from the corridor.

405.3.2 Public lavatories. In employee and public toilet rooms, the required lavatory shall be located in the same room as the required water closet, except in Education K-5, lavatories may be provided in a common toilet room vestibule, visible from the corridor.

Toilet RoomsIs there an exception to 403.6 permitting a small business to not allow public in their restrooms? This was brought up recently and I cannot find anything in writing confirming it.

Toilet RoomsThe code requires that the public facilities be available but it does not force the business to allow the public to use them. Public toilets are for those that are customers, patrons or visitors of the business that are there for purposes congruent with the function of the business, i.e., shopping, buying a meal, banking, etc.

403.6 Public facilities. Customers, patrons and visitors shall be provided with public toilet facilities in structures and tenant spaces intended for public utilization. …

Toilet RoomsThe inspector is requiring that I caulk the space between the wall and my pedestal sink. Is this required?

If the pedestal sink is mounted in contact with the wall, the sink should be sealed to the wall per section 405.5.

405.5 Water-tight joints. Joints formed where fixtures come in contact with walls or floors shall be sealed.

Swimming PoolsBased on North Carolina's pool code, if the units are within 300' from the pool, and the pool is going to be used only by residents and their guests, we would not need to provide plumbing fixtures for the pool deck (See image below). I have calculated the farthest apartment to be about 240' feet horizontally from the pool and 34' vertically for a total of 275'. See the attached pdf showing the travel path used. Is it your understanding that we would then be exempt from providing additional plumbing fixtures?

Swimming Pools

Swimming PoolsWe don’t enforce the swimming pool rules of the Environmental Health Section of DEQ. Those are separate requirements.

We use the occupant load taken from table 1004.1.1 of the building code for the pool and pool deck. Use A3 for the fixture count calculation for the pool and pool deck.

Note that there was an amendment for swimming pools and apartments toilet fixture count in the cumulative amendments where dwelling units within 500 feet are exempt.

Swimming PoolsMinutes of the North Carolina Building Code Council

June 10, 2014

Item D – 2 Request by Ken Szymanski, with the Apartment Association of North Carolina, to amend the 2012 NC Building Code, Section 2902.1.1. The proposed amendment is as follows:

2902.1.1 Fixture calculations. ……………..

Exceptions:

2. In buildings that contain dwellings or sleeping units that have a pool dedicated to the residents, a percentage reduction of the total required fixtures provided for a pool & pool deck without bleachers and grandstands may be taken equal to the percentage of total residential units whose entries fall within 500 feet walking distance of the pool deck.

Motion/Second/Adopted with an effective date of January 1, 2015.

Swimming Pools[P] 2902.1 Minimum number of fixtures. In new construction or building additions and in changes of occupancy as defined in the North Carolina Building Code, plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the minimum number shown in Table 2902.1. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 2902.1 shall be considered individually by the building official.

The number of occupants shall be determined by this code. Occupancy classification shall be determined in accordance with Chapter 3.

Swimming Pools303.1 Assembly Group A. Assembly Group A occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, for the gathering of persons for purposes such as civic, social or religious functions; recreation, food or drink consumption or awaiting transportation.

Swimming PoolsA-3 Assembly uses intended for worship, recreation or amusement and other assembly uses not classified elsewhere in Group A including, but not limited to:

indoor swimming pools (without spectator seating)

Swimming PoolsA-5 Assembly uses intended for participation in or viewing outdoor activities including, but not limited to:

Amusement park structures

Bleachers

Grandstands

Stadiums

Swimming Pools2902.1.1 Fixture calculations. To determine

the occupant load of each sex, the total

occupant load shall be divided in half. To

determine the required number of fixtures, the

fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type

shall be applied to the occupant load of each

sex in accordance with Table 2902.1.

Fractional numbers resulting from applying

the fixture ratios of Table 2902.1 shall be

rounded up to the next whole number. …….

Swimming Pools

Exceptions:

1. The total occupant load shall not be

required to be divided in half where

approved statistical data indicate a

distribution of the sexes of other than 50

percent of each sex.

Swimming PoolsExceptions:

2. In buildings that contain dwellings or

sleeping units that have a pool dedicated

to the residents, a percentage reduction

of the total required fixtures provided

for a pool and pool deck without bleachers

and grandstands may be taken equal to

the percentage of total residential units

whose entries fall within 500 feet of the

pool deck.

Swimming PoolsCode Change Proposal

In buildings that contain dwellings or sleeping

units that have a pool dedicated to the

residents, a percentage reduction of the total

required fixtures provided for a pool and pool

deck without bleachers and grandstands may

be taken equal to the percentage of total

residential units whose entries fall within a

500 feet foot horizontal travel distance of the

pool deck………………

Swimming PoolsCode Change Proposal

……In multi-story structures, the residential

units located not more than one story above or

below the pool and pool deck may be included

in the percentage.

Travel from the pool to the require toilet

facilities shall be on an accessible route.

Swimming PoolsRecent NCBC Code Change

The amended language to NCBC 1109.14

(below) is applicable to any Group R-2 or R-3

occupancy, including apartment buildings,

condominiums, townhomes, or single family

developments which reads:

Exception: Pools for single or multiple Group

R-2 and Group R-3 occupancy buildings

intended for residents only.


Correct application of the new exception is

dependent on the pool in question not being

considered a public accommodation. There are

several situations where a pool ‘used only by

the residents’ may be considered a public

accommodation and would have to be designed

to be accessible per ANSI 1109.


1. Prior to rental of all the apartments, the

pool sells memberships to adjacent

neighborhoods.

2. Apartment dwellers may rent the pool to be

used for parties or events where people

from outside the apartment building attend.

3. Classes are held in the pool with

participants from outside the apartment

building who have paid to attend the class.

Swimming PoolsPOOL AREA 1200 SF/50 = 24DECK AREA 5000 SF/15 = 334

300 RESIDENTS WITHIN

THE 500 FT RADIUS

900 RESIDENTS OUTSIDE

OF THE 500 FOOT RADIUSPERCENTAGE REDUCTION = 300/1200 = 25%

Total occupant

load 334+24 =

358/2 = 179

Swimming Pools

REDUCTION = number of residents outside of 500 ft radius divided by total

number of residents served

REDUCTION = 300/(300+900) = 0.25

If there are no residents outside of the 500 foot radius from the pool there

are no fixtures required. The residents will use the toilets in their living

space. In other words 300/300 = 100% reduction.

Swimming Pools

Apartment complex or hotel (one level or multi-level under current rules)

179/65 = 2.753 = three female toilets

179/125 = 1.39 = two male toilets

179/200 = 0.895 = one lavatory for each sex

358/500 = 0.716 = one Hi/Lo drinking fountain

Deduct 25% for those within the 500 foot radius 100% - 25% = 75%

179 / 65 * 0.75 = 2.07 = three female toilets

179 / 125 * 0.75 = 1.074 = two male toilets

one lavatory for each sex

one Hi/Lo drinking fountain

Swimming Pools

Apartment complex or hotel

5 story with pool on first floor

All residents within 500 feet walking distance of the pool

150 residents per floor

Under current code language no additional fixtures are required for the pool

since all units are within the 500 foot horizontal travel distance as

interpreted by NCDOI.

Under the proposed change the top 3 stories are required to have plumbing

fixtures so 450 / 750 = 60% of the required fixtures based on the occupant

load of the pool and pool deck will be required to be installed at the pool

deck.

Finding NCDOI interpretations and guidelines on the NCDOI website.

Private Drinking Water Wells

Guidance Paper: Inspection of Well Systems

Code: 2012 NC Administrative Code and Policies Date: 09/26/2017

Section: N.C. Gen. Stat. § 87-97 and § 143-138 (b17) (2)

Question #1: Who is responsible for the inspection of a private

drinking water well system from the well head to the outlet of the

well pressure tank?


Opinion: The local health department is responsible for

the inspection of a private drinking water well system

from the well head to the outlet of the well pressure tank.

Session Law 2017-10 (Senate Bill 131) and the subsequent

revision to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 87-97 for well drillers state that the

local health department has the sole authority for the permitting

and inspection of well systems described by N.C. Gen. Stat. §

143-138 (b17) (2).


Subsection (b17) (2) defines the well system as “the well, the

pressure tank, the pressure switch, and all plumbing and

electrical equipment in the well and between the well, pressure

tank, and pressure switch”

and does not require a permit for work that does not exceed

connecting the well system to the plumbing and electrical

systems of the structure(s) being served by the well.

Private Drinking Water WellsImportant Notes:

1. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 87-97 and § 143-138 (b17) (2) shall not be

deemed to eliminate the well system from complying with

the plumbing or electrical codes.

2. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 87-97 and § 143-138 (b17) (2) does not

prohibit a local health department from obtaining the

services from another agency, such as a local inspections

department, for performing the inspections required by N.C.

Gen. Stat. § 87-97.

Private Drinking Water WellsImportant Notes:

3. Though not mandated, the Engineering Division for the

North Carolina Department of Insurance recommends that

each local jurisdiction should establish a written procedure

to address this matter so that all parties are aware of the

local procedure at the time of permitting.

The guidance and opinions contained herein are not legal

advice and may not necessarily reflect the most current

statutory or code language.



Private Drinking Water Wells§ 87-88. General standards and requirements.

Private drinking water wells (i) with a designed capacity of 100,000

gallons per day or greater or (ii) that are to be constructed in a

geographical area where the Environmental Management Commission

has found that prior permission is necessary shall be subject to

permitting and inspection by the Environmental Management

Commission and shall not be subject to permitting and inspection by a

local health department.

All other private drinking water wells shall be subject to permitting and

inspection by the local health department as provided in G.S. 87-97.



References: § 87-97.

“Permitting, inspection, and testing of private drinking water wells.

(a) Mandatory Local Well Programs. – Each county, through the

local health department that serves the county, shall implement a

private drinking water well permitting, inspection, and testing

program. The local health department shall be the exclusive

authority for the permitting of wells and well systems as

described in G.S. 143-138 (b17) (2).

Private Drinking Water WellsReferences: § 87-97. –

Local health departments shall administer the program and

enforce the minimum well construction, permitting,

inspection, repair, and testing requirements set out in this

Article and rules adopted pursuant to this Article. No person shall

unduly delay or refuse to permit a well that can be constructed or

repaired and operated in compliance with the requirements set out

in this Article and rules adopted pursuant to this Article.

Private Drinking Water Wells(a) Use of Standard Forms. – Local well programs shall use the

standard forms created by the Department for all required

submittals and shall not create their own forms.

(b) Permit Required. – Except for those wells required to be

permitted by the Environmental Management Commission

pursuant to G.S. 87-88, no person shall:

1) Construct or assist in the construction of a private

drinking water well unless a construction permit has

been obtained from the local health department.

Private Drinking Water Wells2) Repair or assist in the repair of a private drinking water

well unless a repair permit has been obtained from the

local health department, except that a permit shall not be

required for the repair or replacement of a pump or tank.

(b1) When a permit is issued under this section, the

local health department shall be responsible for

notifying the appropriate building inspector of the

issuance of the well permit. The appropriate building

inspector may request from the local health department the

opportunity to inspect the activities authorized by the permit.


The inspection must be performed prior to the final

inspection performed by the local health department, and the

well contractor shall not be required to be onsite for the

inspection by the building inspector.

Private Drinking Water WellsIf an inspection by a building inspector after the final

inspection has been performed by the local health

department is determined to be necessary for the protection

of public health, safety, or welfare, the local building

inspections department shall be responsible for

(i) the additional costs for the inspection and related

activities necessary for the inspection and

(ii) any damages to the well system caused during the

inspection.


(b2) Permit to Include Authorization for Piping and

Electrical. – A permit issued under this section shall also be

deemed to include authorization for all of the following:

(1) The installation, construction, maintenance, or

repair of electrical wiring, devices, appliances, or

equipment by a person certified as a well

contractor under Article 7A of this Chapter when

running electrical wires from the well pump to the

pressure switch.


2) The installation, construction, maintenance, or

repair of water pipes by a person certified as a well

contractor under Article 7A of this Chapter when

running water pipes from the well to the water tank.


3) The installation of both water pipes and electrical

wiring in a single ditch by a person certified as a well

contractor under Article 7A of this Chapter when running

electrical wires from the well pump to the pressure switch and

water pipes from the well to the water tank. The ditch shall

be as deep as the minimum cover requirements for either

electrical wiring or water pipes, whichever is greater.

Private Drinking Water WellsThis subsection shall not be interpreted to prohibit any person

licensed by an independent occupational licensing board from

performing any authorized services within the scope of practice

of the person's license."

§ 87-98.4. Well contractor certification required;

exemptions.

Certification Required. – No person shall perform, manage, or

supervise any well contractor activity without being certified

under this Article…………….

Private Drinking Water Wells(b) Exempt persons and activities. – This Article does not

apply to any of the following persons or activities:

(13) A person who is licensed as a plumbing contractor

under Article 2 of Chapter 87 of the General Statutes

who installs pumps or pumping equipment; installs,

breaks, or reinstalls a well seal in accordance with

G.S. 87-85(6); or disinfects a well incident to the

installation, alteration, or replacement of pumps or

pumping equipment within or near a well. ……………


However, the plumbing contractor shall maintain

documentation of having attended a continuing education

course that covered well seal installation, protection, and

sanitation within the last two years prior to the work

being performed. …………..

The licensed plumbing contractor shall remain on-site

while the work is being performed until the well is

disinfected and sealed.


§ 143-138. – “North Carolina State Building Code. (b17)

Exclusion for Private Drinking Water Well Installation,

Construction, Maintenance, and Repair. –

Private Drinking Water WellsNo permit shall be required under the Code or any local variant

approved under subsection (e) of this section for the electrical

and plumbing activities associated with the installation,

construction, maintenance, or repair of a private drinking water

well when all of the following apply:

1) The work is performed by a contractor certified under Article

7A of Chapter 87 of the General Statutes under the terms of

a permit issued by the local health department pursuant to

G.S. 87-97.

Private Drinking Water Wells2) The scope of work includes only the connection or

disconnection of a well system to either the plumbing

served by the well system or the electrical service that

serves the well system.

For purposes of this subsection, a well system includes

the well, the pressure tank, the pressure switch, and

all plumbing and electrical equipment in the well and

between the well, pressure tank, and pressure switch.

Occupancy TypeWe are working on a doctor's office and I have a question about determining the plumbing fixture count. The office is right at 10,000 square feet. The majority of the office is a Business occupancy however, I figured the occupancy of the lobby, break room, and a small group room as an assembly A-3 occupancy, not business. By doing that it increases the occupancy count by almost 50 people and therefore increases the toilet count from 4 to 6.

Do I need to consider the three spaces I listed above as A-3 or can they be considered Business?

Calculating the number of plumbing fixtures is done using egress loads based on occupancy loadings from table 1004.1.1 of the building code for the use of each space. Calculations for each use are done separately and the fractional numbers of fixtures determined are summed and rounded up to the next whole integer number of fixtures as per section 403.1.1 of the plumbing code.

Occupancy Type

403.1 Minimum number of fixtures. In new construction or building additions and in changes of occupancy as defined in the North Carolina Building Code, plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the minimum number shown in Table 403.1.

Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually by the code official.

The number of occupants shall be determined by the International Building Code.

Occupancy classification shall be determined in accordance with the International Building Code.

Occupancy Type

Occupancy Type

403.1.1 Fixture calculations. To determine the occupant load of each sex, the total occupant load shall be divided in half. To determine the required number of fixtures, the fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be applied to the occupant load of each sex in accordance with Table 403.1.

Fractional numbers resulting from applying the fixture ratios of Table 403.1 shall be rounded up to the next whole number.

Occupancy Type

403.1.1 Fixture calculations…………

For calculations involving multiple occupancies, such fractional numbers for each occupancy shall first be summed and then rounded up to the next whole number.

Exception: The total occupant load shall not be required to be divided in half where approved statistical data indicates a distribution of the sexes of other than 50 percent of each sex.

LavatoriesI am sending a small gas station adaptive re-use project that I need some clarification on in regard to the toilet room designs.

Basically, the original small gas station allows for 4 individual water closets with shared lavatories. Please advise on the design as it is currently shown, with 2 women’s and 2 men’s water closets with shared lavatories.

LavatoriesSection 405.3.2 of the 2012 NC Plumbing Code requires the required lavatory to be in the same room as the required water closet.

405.3.2 Public lavatories. In employee and

public toilet rooms, the required lavatory shall be

located in the same room as the required water

closet, except in Education K-5, lavatories may be

provided in a common toilet room vestibule, visible

from the corridor.

LavatoriesThe plumbing code requires separate male and female toilet rooms unless the unisex toilet room requirements are met in section This design does not meet that requirement.

403.2 Separate facilities. Where plumbing fixtures are

required, separate facilities shall be provided for each sex.

LavatoriesExceptions:

1. Separate facilities shall not be required for dwelling units and

sleeping units.

2. Separate facilities shall not be required in structures or tenant

spaces with a total occupant load, including both employees and

customers, of 25 or less.

3. Separate facilities shall not be required in mercantile

occupancies in which the maximum occupant load is 100 or less.

LavatoriesExceptions:

4. Except as provided in Section 405.3.2.

5. Where the code requires only one toilet facility for each

sex, two unisex facilities may be substituted for separate

sex facilities.

The delayed effective date of this Rule is January 1, 2015.

The Statutory authority for Rule-making is G. S. 143-136;

143-138.

LavatoriesThis design does not

meet the requirements

for a unisex toilet room

in that there are

multiple fixtures in the

same room and no

lockable door which is a

gang toilet room

situation.

Single User Toilets

I have a question in regard to the requirement for water closet compartments (NCPC 310.4) in toilet rooms.

In a single user toilet room that also serves as a locker room for staff at an automobile dealership, would a toilet compartment be required?

The door to the area is lockable, so if it is being used as a toilet room, it could be locked. However, I am not clear if the room would be considered a single user room if the lockers are also located in the room.

Single User Toilets

As long as the door is lockable and there is no other access to the toilet room it can be considered as a single user toilet room.

Practical Difficulties

What are the practical difficulties in enforcing the plumbing code to the point where the code official can use alternative methods of construction?

Practical difficulties arise when the code requirements cannot be met in a practical manner. Each situation is different and must be evaluated by the inspector on a case by case basis.

Water Heater PansConcerning plumbing 504.7 for the required Pan for water heaters, I see PVC pans being used for tankless water heater installations. Has the Code requirement been relaxed for tankless to allow a PVC pan?

My interpretation is that the pan needs to be a metal pan unless this is an electric water heater per the exception to section 504.7 of the 2012 NC plumbing code.

Water Heater Pans504.7 Required pan. Where water heaters or hotwater storage tanks are installed in: (a) remote locations such as a suspended ceiling, (b) attics, (c) above occupied spaces, or (d) unventilated crawl spaces, the tank or water heater shall be installed in a galvanized steel pan having a material thickness of not less than 0.0236 inch (0.6010 mm) (No. 24 gage), or other pans approved for such use.

Exceptions:

1. Electric water heaters may rest in a high-impact plastic pan of at least 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) thickness.

2. Water heater mounted on concrete floor for with floor drains.

OSHA standardIs the OSHA Standard for F1 and F2 occupancies as shown in Table 403.1 of the 2012 NCPC a misprint and should it be calculated as 1 per 100, and retaining the old information for drinking fountains?

The misprint was that they used the wrong OSHA document number. The 1 per 100 was used from the prior code cycle for lavatories since that is not described in the OSHA document.

Toilet FixturesThis farm equipment business is constructing a new building behind their business. The new structure is to be used for the servicing of farm equipment with one bay on the end being used to temporarily store the equipment they have finished working on prior to pickup by the customer.

They do not want to put a toilet in the new building since the existing business is within 200 feet of the new building.

Will they have to install a toilet room in the new building per the plumbing code requirements?

5500 SF

Repair Garage

1500 SF

Storage

Toilet FixturesIf the submitter would request an adjustment in occupant content per Section 403.3, this proposed building would be qualify for this adjustment provided all proper documentation.

Provided the documentation meets the requirement of Section 403.2 Exception # 2 “Separate facilities shall not be required in structures or tenant spaces with a total occupancy load including both employees and customers, of 25 or less.” it would allow a single facility within the proposed building.

Toilet FixturesThe code section the submitter is referencing is Section 403.4“Location of employee toilet facilities in occupancies other than assembly or mercantile. Access to toilet facilities in occupancies other than mercantile and assembly occupancies shall be from within the employees’ working area. Employee facilities shall be either separate facilities or combined employee and public facilities. Exception: facilities that are required for employees in storage structures or kiosks, and are located in adjacent structures under the same ownership, lease, or control, shall be a maximum travel distance of 500 feet (152m) from the employees’ working area.”

Toilet FixturesThis building is neither a kiosk or storage structure and a toilet room will be required for the employees.

Therefore if the submitter request the use of Section 403.3, documentation is provided, and the code official approves the adjustment, then the submitter would only require a single facility with a single water closet, a single lavatory, and a Hi-Lo water fountain.

If the submitter would use an S-1 occupancy for motor vehicle repair garage instead of F-1, the drinking fountain would not be required and the occupancy calculations are simplified since the OSHA regulation is not invoked.

Toilets in Doctor’s OfficesDoctor’s offices typically have multiple toilet rooms of one toilet and lavatory scattered through the facility. Can these toilet rooms all be unisex or do they have to be half labeled as male and half labeled as female?

Section 403.2 allows toilet rooms to be labeled as unisex if there is one female and one male toilet room with one toilet each. It is reasonable to allow single seat toilet rooms with lockable doors to be labeled unisex in this instance as long as the required number of fixtures are supplied.

Force Mains

Section 712.3.5 of the NC Plumbing Code indicates that the discharge from a pump be located 10 feet from a fixture drain.

At what point does the forced main stop and the sanitary sewer start?

Does the vertical distance count towards the 10 feet?

Force MainsThe force main must connect to

the building drain at least 10 feet

away from any fixture drain, soil

or waste stack connecting to the

building drain. The schematic as

shown is not acceptable.

The measurement is taken along

the building drain which is

horizontal.

Appliance Protection

We typically see pipe bollards installed in front of water heaters in garages. We have a contractor wanting to use a curb stop like you would see in a parking lot. Does that meet the intent of the code?

Appliance Protection

502.5 Water heaters installed in garages. Water heaters having an ignition source shall be elevated such that the source of ignition is not less than 18 inches (457 mm) above the garage floor. Appliances shall be located or protected so that they are not subject to physical damage by a moving vehicle.

➢Exception: Elevation of the ignition source is not required for appliances that are listed as flammable vapor ignition resistant.

Appliance Protection502.1.1 Elevation and protection. Elevation of water heater ignition sources and mechanical damage protection requirements for water heaters shall be in accordance with the International Mechanical Code and the International Fuel Gas Code.

Mechanical Code

303.4 Protection from damage. Appliances shall not be installed in a location where subject to mechanical damage unless protected by approved barriers.

Appliance ProtectionMechanical Code

304.7 Private garages. Appliances located in private garages and carports shall be installed with a minimum clearance of 6 feet (1829 mm) above the floor.

➢Exception: The requirements of this section shall not apply where the appliances are protected from motor vehicle impact and installed in accordance with Section 304.3.

Appliance ProtectionNCDOI web interpretation:

Examples of approved barriers for protection of appliances from vehicle impact in a one-and-two family dwelling garage include:

a) pipe bollards extending three feet above the floor examples:

• 2 inch Schedule 40 steel pipe set in a concrete floor; (option 1)

• 2 inch Schedule 40 steel pipe set in a cored hole in an existing concrete floor and sealed with epoxy (option 1)

Appliance Protection• 2 inch Schedule 40 steel pipe welded to a ¼ inch steel

base plate that is anchored to the concrete floor with four ½ inch x 2 ½ inch (embedment depth 2 ¼ inch) anchor bolts (option 3)

b) curb stops and/or raised pads of not less than 5 ½ inches set not less than 40 inches from the appliance. (option 2)

Note that if the appliance is located out of the normal path of travel of vehicles, no protection is required.

Appliance Protection305.9 Protection of components of plumbing system. Components of a plumbing system installed along alleyways, driveways, parking garages or other locations exposed to damage shall be recessed into the wall or otherwise protected in an approved manner.

➢Exception: One- and two-family dwellings and townhouses.

Change of OccupancyI have been presented with an existing 575 square foot building which was formerly a mercantile occupancy, and is changing to a business occupancy. There are currently no restrooms within the building. The existing restrooms are located in a separate building approximately 150 feet away. Given the increased occupant load factor from mercantile to business, is NCPC 403.4 applicable thus requiring a restroom facility within the existing building? Also, is the exception applicable since it will not be a storage structure or kiosk?

If an ADA accessible restroom is

added, I believe based on the net

square footage of the space and a

15 net occupant load factor, a

single unisex restroom will be

sufficient due to an occupant

load of 25 or less.

Please advise.

Change of OccupancyThis change of occupancy will require a single unisex public toilet room per sections 403.1, 403.2, 403.5 and 403.6 of the 2012 NC plumbing code. This is contingent on there being 25 or fewer total occupants including employees and customers per item 2 under section 403.2.

The 500 foot travel distance is within the building.

Using a toilet in another building 150 feet away is not acceptable under the current plumbing code.

Hotel Water Temperatures

The attached picture shows information from DHHS guidelines for hotel hot water systems. It states must be between 116 and 128 degrees.

How is that reconciled with NC plumbing code that says section 424, 120 degrees maximum?


There is no direct correlation other than these are two different state agencies, one of which regulates health concerns and the other the plumbing aspects of the building code. The correlation would be scald testing. I would point out that the temperature of the water supply to a dwelling unit is not necessarily what the temperature is that you draw from the tap.

Both sets of criteria have to be met.


So if we have to meet both sets then per the NC Plumbing Code we should not have over 120 degree water out of shower or lavatory, correct?

The maximum temperature at a public handwashing sink allowed is 110°F.

The NC Building Code Council recently passed an amendment requiring tempered water at public hand washing sinks when hot water is provided.


NC building code council amendment

2012 NC Plumbing Code

416.5 Tempered water for public hand-washing facilities. Deleted. When hot water is provided to a public hand-washing facility, such water shall be tempered water delivered through an approved water-temperature limiting device that conforms to ASSE 1070 or CSA B125.3.


The Statutory authority for Rule-making is G. S. 143-136; 143-138.


Tempered water is defined in the plumbing code as “Water having a temperature range between 85°F (29°C) and 110°F (43°C).”

If the hotel has a restaurant the health department requires a temperature of at least 100°F at hand wash sinks in restaurants as found in the NC Food Code Manual, “Rules Governing the Food Protection and Sanitation of Food Establishments”.


NC Food Code

(1) "Handwashing sink" means a lavatory, a basin or vessel

for washing, a wash basin, or a plumbing fixture especially

placed for use in personal hygiene and designed for the washing of the hands.


5-202.12 Handwashing Sink, Installation.

A. A HANDWASHING SINK shall be equipped to provide water at a temperature of at least 38oC (100oF) through a mixing valve or combination faucet.

B. A steam mixing valve may not be used at a HANDWASHING SINK.

C. A self-closing, slow-closing, or metering faucet shall provide a flow of water for at least 15 seconds without the need to reactivate the faucet.

D. An automatic handwashing facility shall be installed in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.


For shower valves (NC Plumbing Code)

424.3 Individual shower valves. Individual shower and tub-shower combination valves shall be balanced-pressure, thermostatic or combination balanced-pressure/thermostatic valves that conform to the requirements of ASSE 1016 or ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1 and shall be installed at the point of use. Shower and tub-shower combination valves required by this section shall be equipped with a means to limit the maximum setting of the valve to 120°F (49°C), which shall be field adjusted in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. In-line thermostatic valves shall not be utilized for compliance with this section. Scald preventative valves are not required in dwelling units with individual water heaters set at 120°F (49°C).

Inspections by Design Professionals

Our jurisdiction has allowed third party inspections of building components through SI inspections. These are typically licensed design professionals, though not involved in the design of the element or component in question nor under the direct supervisory control of the designer. Items typically signed off by third party would be reinforcement in footings, vertical reinforcement in masonry walls, etc. I believe this is permitted by NC Admin Code 107.4.

For elements/components not listed under this section of the Admin. Code, my question is, must the design professional completing the inspection be the primary designer of the element or component inspected?


GS153A-352(c) was modified as shown below. Item #2 was changed to indicate that “a licensed architect or licensed engineer” is able to perform the inspection. The architect or engineer performing the inspection is no longer required to be the designer of record.

NCDOI has also issued a “Guidance Paper” addressing additional questions regarding design professionals performing inspections of elements and components based on GS 153A-352(c).


You can download the paper from our website at:

http://www.ncdoi.com/OSFM/Engineering_and_Codes/Documents/Interpretations4/Guidance%20Papers/GS%20153A-352%20-%20Acceptance%20of%20Licensed%20Architect%20or%20Engineer%20Inspections.pdf

The NC Board of Architects has also issued a Position Statement with regards to this matter. It is included in the NCDOI Guidance Paper.

http://www.ncdoi.com/OSFM/Engineering_and_Codes/Documents/Interpretations4/Guidance Papers/GS 153A-352 - Acceptance of Licensed Architect or Engineer Inspections.pdf

Inspections by Design Professionals§ 153A-352(c) – "Notwithstanding the requirements of this Article, a county shall accept and approve, without further responsibility to inspect, a design or other proposal for a component or element in the construction of buildings from a licensed architect or licensed engineer provided all of the following apply:

1) The submission is completed under valid seal of the licensed architect or licensed engineer.

2) Field inspection of the installation or completion of a construction component or element of the building is performed by a licensed architect or licensed engineer or a person under the direct supervisory control of the licensed architect or licensed engineer.

3) The licensed architect or licensed engineer under subdivision (2) of this subsection provides the county with a signed written document stating the component or element of the building so inspected is in compliance with the North Carolina State Building Code or the North Carolina Residential Code for One- and Two-Family Dwellings.

Rubber Trap Seals

I have a contractor asking me if the rubber flaps they developed recently for floor drains are acceptable instead of a trap primer or hose bib in a restroom.

I told him there not approved, he said another jurisdiction approved them. Will you please verify?

Rubber Trap Seals

They are not approved for use in the 2012 NC plumbing code. Sure Seal initiated a code change request which was rejected by the NC Building Code Council.

You can always add them as a supplemental item but they do not replace putting water in the trap either by trap primer or hose bib in the space with an impervious floor per section 412 of the plumbing code.

Shower Pan TestIs a shower pan inspection required when it is installed in a handicap accessible shower with no shower curb?

This would be in the case where the floor system is recessed and the installer is not putting in the system until the house is ready for final finishes so that way the Schluter system membranes are not penetrated during the course of construction.

The shower pan installation must be inspected and tested per the plumbing code.

Shower Pan TestThe shower system is required to withstand a standing water test of a minimum of a 2 inch depth for 15 minutes with no leakage per section 312.9 of the 2012 NC plumbing code.

312.9 Shower liner test. Where shower floors and receptors are made water-tight by the application of materials required by Section 417.5.2, the completed liner installation shall be tested. The pipe from the shower drain shall be plugged water tight for the test. The floor and receptor area shall be filled with potable water to a depth of not less than 2 inches (51 mm) measured at the threshold. Where a threshold of at least 2 inches (51 mm) high does not exist, a temporary threshold shall be constructed to retain the test water in the lined floor or receptor area to a level not less than 2 inches (51 mm) deep measured at the threshold. The water shall be retained for a test period of not less than 15 minutes, and there shall not be evidence of leakage.

Main VentThe inspector is stating that 903.1.1 in the plumbing code says we have to have a 3" vent out the roof on a single family dwelling. But I am told him that the code of 903.1 says we can have a vent out the roof, 1/2 the size of the building drain (which is 3" on our particular house), but not less than 2" pipe for the vent exiting the roof. And that the code he cited is dealing with a different scenario.

We have worked in multiple counties from the middle part of the state, to the western part of the sate, and this is the first time this has been an issue since the code changed several years ago. I'm not sure how long the official has been on the job, and wanted me to call to get clarification.

Main VentThe main vent stack through the roof for a one- or two-family dwelling with a maximum building drain size of 3 inches should be 2 inches in diameter per section 903.1. Section 903.1.1 describes the minimum building drain, building waste stack or branch thereof and not the vent stack size. I think the confusion may come in since there are different definitions of stack and section 903.1 is poorly written.

The frost provisions of 904.2 which call for a 3-inch vent through the roof are for conditions not found in North Carolina and do not apply. Vent stack sizing is done in accordance with section 916.1.

Main Vent903.1 Stack required. Every building in which plumbing is installed shall have at least one stack the size of which is not less than one-half of the required diameter of the building drain, and not less than 2 inches (51 mm) in diameter. Such stack shall run undiminished in size and as directly as possible from the building drain through to the open air or to a vent header that extends to the open air.

903.1.1 Connection to drainage system. A vent stack shall connect to the building drain or to the base of a drainage stack in accordance with Section 903.4. A stack vent shall be an extension of the drainage stack. For townhouses and one- and two-family dwellings, the main vent shall connect to the building drain, building stack or branch thereof not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in size.

Main Vent

903.1.2 Size. Deleted.

904.2 Frost closure. Where the 97.5-percent value for

outside design temperature is 0ºF (-18ºC) or less, every

vent extension through a roof or wall shall be a

minimum of 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter. Any increase

in the size of the vent shall be made inside the structure

a minimum of 1 foot (305 mm) below the roof or inside

the wall.

NC does not have the conditions listed in 904.2

Main Vent

BUILDING DRAIN. That part of the lowest piping of a drainage system that receives the discharge from soil, waste and other drainage pipes inside and that extends to 10 feet (3048 mm) beyond the walls of the building and conveys the drainage to the building sewer.

Combined. A building drain that conveys both sewage and storm water or other drainage.

Sanitary. A building drain that conveys sewage only.

Storm. A building drain that conveys storm water or other drainage, but not sewage.

Main Vent

STACK. A general term for any vertical line of soil, waste, vent or inside conductor piping that extends through at least one story with or without offsets.

STACK VENT. The extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest horizontal drain connected to the stack.

VENT STACK. A vertical vent pipe installed primarily for the purpose of providing circulation of air to and from any part of the drainage system.

Water fountain spout heights

What are the required water fountain spout heights for hi-lo water fountains?

Low fountain spout 36 inches maximum, high spout height 38 inch minimum to 43 inches maximum per ANSI A117.1.

Water fountain spout heights

Faucet MarkingsI write to you on behalf of our client IKEA regarding the above mentioned faucet, which is under question by your jurisdiction. I wish to provide additional information which may assist you in confirming the status of this faucet as it relates to compliance and certification. To that end, please note the following:

Faucet MarkingsThis faucet (model 302.621.18) is certified under the following IAPMO listings (direct links included):

File 5857, http://pld.iapmo.org/file_info.asp?file_no=0005857This listing covers compliance to ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1 and the Uniform Plumbing Code and International Plumbing Code

File N-5858, http://pld.iapmo.org/file_info.asp?file_no=0005858This listing covers compliance to NSF/ANSI 61

File 6352, http://pld.iapmo.org/file_info.asp?file_no=0006352This listing covers compliance to NSF/ANSI 372 and the Safe Drinking Water Act, confirming a weight lead content average of less than .25%

The 3 above listings cover the required standards for faucets delivering potable water. Each listing is supported by test reports to the respective standards. I hope the information above helps to resolve this issue. If there are any specific concerns, please share them with me so that I can provide what you need. Thank you for your attention to this matter.

http://pld.iapmo.org/file_info.asp?file_no=0005857



Faucet MarkingsThe applicable section of the 2012 NC Plumbing Code is

303.1 Identification. Each length of pipe and each pipe fitting, trap, fixture, material and device utilized in a plumbing system shall bear the identification of the manufacturer, and the applicable standard to which it was manufactured.

Underlining indicates a North Carolina amendment to the ICC model plumbing code.

The upcoming code edition approved by the NC Building Code Council for 2018 reads

Faucet Markings303.1 Identification.

Each length of pipe and each pipe fitting, trap, fixture, material and device utilized in a plumbing system shall bear the identification of the manufacturer and any markings required by the applicable referenced standards. Nipples created from the cutting and threading of approved pipe shall not be required to be identified.

Exception: Where the manufacturer identification cannot be marked on pipe fittings and pipe nipples because of the small size of such fittings, the identification shall be printed on the item packaging or on documentation provided with the item.

You can request to use the new language. Basically the information needs to be either on the part or on the packaging from the manufacturer.

Faucet Markings

With permission from the manufacturer, I’ve attached three test reports for the IKEA faucet in question. The reports convey compliance to the application standards: ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1, NSF/ANSI 61 and NSF/ANSI 372.

You will note the ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1 report indicates that NSF/ANSI 61 and NSF/ANSI 372 are “pending”, however those were subsequently completed as evidenced by the other two attachments. Please review and let me know if this information is sufficient to resolve this issue. Thank you for your help.

Faucet Markings

I have reviewed the test reports that you have furnished and they appear to be complete and acceptable to substantiate compliance with ASME A112.18.1 and NSF 61, section 9, as required by section 424.1 of the 2012 NC Plumbing Code.

If there is any reason for rejection of these fittings, it would seem that it is about the marking of the product and/or its packaging. Since I have not seen the product or its packaging, I am referring you to the chief plumbing code official of the local jurisdiction having authority for resolution of this problem.

Treehouses and Toilets

Every great journey starts with a single step, so we are planning to build a single house at the outset with plans to build up to 8 or so on any given site. This would have us clearly land in the commercial code. The house will be 12x12 and have plumbing for the sink and drainage for any waste and grey water being disposed of. The whole experience embodies being a part of nature and bringing it inside so the more eco-friendly we can be the better.



We are doing our best to find alternative options to the traditional septic system due to it being not eco-friendly, cost prohibitive, and a barrier to renting on someone else's site - we believe it is a harder sell for people in the agriculture business if we have to dig up their land and bury septic tanks / have leech fields, etc.

Fortunately DHHS has provided me with the guidelines sent to the counties from DHHS regarding alternate systems.


Our first option for black water/ solid waste is the compost toilet as it is the easiest to use from a customer point of view, poses no real safety/health risk, and has been used for many years in the tiny house industry.

Grey water will only consist of biodegradable soap from the sink and shower. All water will be collected and go through a filtration system rendering it inert and eco-friendly


Treehouses and ToiletsThe customer will have the same experience as a regular toilet and will NOT be responsible for either emptying the unit or turning the crank to rotate it. Our cleaning service will empty it and clean it after each customer departs. The average customer stay will only be 2-3 days long and the system is designed to go much longer without needing maintenance.

Thank you very much for the time and consideration. While I know it's a little more work for us all we are looking forward to being eco-friendly tax revenue generators for the State and a fresh way for people to enjoy our beautiful state.


Treehouses and ToiletsThe plumbing code requires that sewage be directed to a public waste system if available or an approved alternate waste disposal system.

It is my interpretation that an approved waste system in this case would be a septic system or use of the public water and sewer utilities.

Composting Toilets

Composting toilets approved only if soil will not perk test or no connection to public sewer. Correct? or am I missing something?

We have a memorandum of understanding between NCDOI/OSFM and DHHS about this. A copy is attached. There are quite a few requirements to be met before composting toilets are approved. They are approved by the health department at which we treat them as an approved sanitary waste system similar to a septic tank. All of the other requirements for a toilet room are inspected.

Composting Toilets

Composting Toilets

Plumbing permits for farm buildings

Are plumbing permits and inspections exempt from farm buildings?

Plumbing in farm buildings is exempt only if it is used solely for livestock or other agricultural purposes. If the plumbing is for human hygiene and sanitation or for water consumption for cooking, ingestion or bathing, then that plumbing is not exempt from inspection.

Public Water and Sewer

Do new installations have to be connected to public water and sewer if available?

It’s my interpretation that for new construction or where there is an initial installation being considered that they must connected to the public water and sewer systems if available per sections 701.2 and 602.3 of the plumbing code.


Do new installations have to be connected to public water and sewer if available?

Existing systems that were legally permitted at the time of their installation and that have been maintained in a safe condition can be continued to be used until a system reconfiguration or replacement requires a permit for new construction meeting current codes per sections 102.2 and 102.3 of the plumbing code.

Public Water and Sewer102.2 Existing installations. Plumbing systems lawfully in existence at the time of the adoption of this code shall be permitted to have their use and maintenance continued if the use, maintenance or repair is in accordance with the original design and no hazard to life, health or property is created by such plumbing system.

102.3 Maintenance. All plumbing systems, materials and appurtenances, both existing and new, and all parts thereof, shall be maintained in proper operating condition in accordance with the original design in a safe and sanitary condition. All devices or safeguards required by this code shall be maintained in compliance with the code edition under which they were installed.


The owner or the owner’s designated agent shall be responsible for maintenance of plumbing systems. To determine compliance with this provision, the code official shall have the authority to require any plumbing system to be re-inspected.

602.3 Individual water supply. Where a potable public water supply is not available, individual sources of potable water supply shall be utilized.

701.2 Sewer required. Every building in which plumbing fixtures are installed and all premises having drainage piping shall be connected to a public sewer, where available, or an approved private sewage disposal system.


The jurisdiction may have ordinances that require connection to the public utilities where available. These would be enforced separately from the plumbing code provisions.

If the jurisdiction decides to allow the use of a well or another potable water source instead of an available public water supply system then this would be an alternate method to the code.

Public parks

Would you classify a public park as A5 for bathrooms fixture counts or is there an alternate when figuring bathrooms for a park?

A5 seems to be the most appropriate to calculate plumbing fixtures for outdoor activities in a park using table 403.1 of the plumbing code or table 2902.1 of the NC building code.

Horse Barn

A home owner is building his own horse barn, farm exempt from building permits. The owner has a plumbing permit. He called for a rough in inspection, but upon arrival he had already installed under slab plumbing and poured the slab. He has a full bath, 2 sinks, and a horse wash down area. The toilet was run out of the building straight to septic tank without a vent installed. The rest of the plumbing was run out to the septic tank tied together. Since the plumbing was installed and covered without inspections, the owner was asked to have an engineer approve the installation. The engineer letter is attached that I received. Will this letter as written cover the installation of the DWV as installed without inspections?

Horse BarnEngineer’s Letter

At your request I made a site visit today to the above address. The

purpose was to review plumbing work done without a rough-in

inspection…. We observed what was visible above the slab and also

where the 2” and 3” waste lines exit the building. There is sufficient

fall available for the lines to drain appropriately to the septic tank

(previously permitted). It appears from the depth of the pipes at the

septic tank the contractor sloped pipe appropriately……

Please note we cannot make statements about work not visible nor

do we make functional guarantees.

Horse BarnGiven that the engineer’s letter does not functional guarantees and does not cover plumbing under the slab that is not visible, request that a camera be used to inspect the drainage system.

• Verify that wye connections were used in the direction of flow, pipe sizes and slopes.

• The toilet should be individually vented as per the code.

• There should be at least one vent from the system for a main building vent from the sink associated with the shower.

• The horse stall sink should also be vented.

Private sports complex



The property owner has requested an informal interpretation by e-mail from your office on a matter of permanent plumbing fixture requirements for structures located on his property.

The property has been used for fairs, concerts, bike rallies and other large gatherings since the late 1980’s (all are seasonal/temporary) and a portion of the property contains a dirt racetrack with temporary bleacher seating that is used on weekends during the summer months (less than 180 days).


The property has several older buildings and a stage that were built in the 80’s that have fallen into disrepair. Some of the buildings have been torn down and others used for light storage or boarded up due to structural concerns.

The property continues to be used for events with temporary bathroom facilities (Porta-Jons) based on the understanding of that if you do not have permanent occupied structures, permanent plumbing fixture requirements do not apply.


The property owner has requested your interpretation of the code in the matter of, can temporary bathroom facilities (Porta-Jons) be utilized to serve permanent occupied structures?

In addition, he asked if his property would be exempt of code requirements due to the structures being built in the 1980’s. His position is that the buildings have been in use and have had electrical power since they were built.


Any permanent structures on the property including bleachers will require some sort of permanent toilet facilities with occupancy based on the use of the building or structure.

Even though 180 days is the definition of temporary, this is not meant for events that are recurring over a long period of time. Either the permit to operate would have to be re-issued every year by your department or permanent toilet facilities should be provided. Extensions of the 180 day temporary limit are for cause and should be documented.

Drainage Pipes in Metal Stud Cavities

Does the drainage pipe have to be protected from the sharp edge where it passes through the metal stud?

No. There is little chance that there is enough length of pipe for thermal expansion to cause damage to the drainage pipes.

Drainage Pipes in Metal Stud Cavities305.3 Stress and strain. Piping in a plumbing system shall be installed so as to prevent strains and stresses that exceed the structural strength of the pipe. Where necessary, provisions shall be made to protect piping from damage resulting from expansion, contraction and structural settlement.

Water Pipes in Metal Stud Cavities

Do water pipes have to be protected from cut edge of a metal stud web hole?

Yes. Water pipes are under pressure and as such if a hole were to develop it can lead to excessive damage to the building. Metal web openings should have plastic grommets placed over the cut edge of the web opening in metal studs or the pipe should be sleeved where it passed through the metal stud web opening.

Size of Web Openings in Metal Studs

Concerning the diameter of the hole thru metal studs and the size vs. gauge. What size holes are allowed in the various metal stud sizes?

Where can I get this information?

Size of Web Openings in Metal StudsCold formed steel is sensitive to any modifications to the stud. They buckle easily unless properly braced and are of the proper gage thickness. That is why any modification of a load-bearing stud should be approved by a design professional.

Non-structural studs have code-prescribed web openings.

The following is from appendix F of the plumbing code.


[B] F101.5 Cutting, notching and boring holes in cold formed steel framing. Flanges and lips of load-bearing cold-formed steel framing members shall not be cut or notched. Holes in webs of load-bearing cold-formed steel framing members shall be permitted along the centerline of the web of the framing member and shall not exceed the dimensional limitations, penetration spacing or minimum hole edge distance as prescribed by the registered design professional. Cutting, notching and boring holes of steel floor/roof decking shall be as prescribed by the registered design professional.


[B] F101.6 Cutting, notching and boring holes in non-structural cold-formed steel wall framing. Flanges and lips of nonstructural cold-formed steel wall studs shall not be cut or notched. Holes in webs of non-structural cold-formed steel wall studs shall be permitted along the centerline of the web of the framing member, shall not exceed 1-1/2 inches (38 mm) in width or 4 inches (102 mm) in length, and the holes shall not be spaced less than 24 inches (610 mm) center to center from another hole or less than 10 inches (254 mm) from the bearing end.

Design is done per the American Iron and Steel Institute standards. http://www.steel.org/

http://www.steel.org/

Multi-story Wet Venting

Can you give an example of when you would have a wet vent connection downstream of the water closet and what that would look like? We have debated it and can’t get a clear understanding of it.

How can you have a wet vent downstream of a water closet when every fixture downstream of a water closet is supposed to be individually vented?


909.4 Multistory bathroom groups. On the lower floors of a multistory building, the waste pipe from one or two lavatories may be used as a wet vent for one or two bathtubs or showers provided that:

1. The wet vent and its extension to the vent stack is not less than 2-inch (51 mm) diameter;

2. Each water closet below the top floor is individually back vented; and

3. The vent stack is sized in accordance with Table 909.4.


909.4 Multistory bathroom groups.

Exception: In multistory bathroom groups (does not apply to one- and two-family dwellings), wet vented in accordance with Section 909.4, the water closets below the top floor need not be individually vented if a 2-inch (51 mm) wet vent connects downstream of the water closet.


901.2.1 Venting required. Every trap and trapped fixture shall be vented in accordance with one of the venting methods specified in this chapter. All fixtures discharging downstream from a water closet shall be individually vented except as provided in Section 911.

Multi-story Wet VentingIt is my interpretation that what they are trying to say is that if the water closet is downstream of the wet vent, it can be wet vented by the lavatory. See figure 901.9(19) in the commentary. This is if it is properly sized.

The 2 inch pipe size seems to be an exception to table 909.3 for the fixtures described.

This is an NC amendment so any basis for this is not documented.

Back Water ValveDoes Section 715.1 of the NC Plumbing Code include the manhole that the sewer lateral is connecting? I have a project under review where the manhole they are connect to is the last manhole on the public line. The rim elevation is higher than the finish floor of the project. There are 2 other buildings that also connect to the manhole.

They are stating that this is not the upstream manhole but is the downstream manhole and therefore does not require a backwater valve.

Back Water Valve

RIM elevation 860.24

Back Water ValveMy main question is do I use that manhole cover elevation or does it not apply? The section says upstream manhole but when they are connecting directly to a public manhole is that the elevation we use. In this case this is the last manhole on the line.

It is my interpretation that there is no upstream manhole in this case. Therefore backwater valves are not required. If the sewer line is extended in the future and there is an upstream manhole with an elevation higher than the floor elevation, they will have to add a back water valve at that time.

Back Water Valve715.1 Sewage backflow. Where the flood level rims of plumbing fixtures are below the elevation of the manhole cover of the next upstream manhole in the public sewer, such fixtures shall be protected by a backwater valve installed in the building drain, branch of the building drain or horizontal branch serving such fixtures.

Plumbing fixtures having flood level rims above the elevation of the manhole cover of the next upstream manhole in the public sewer shall not discharge through a backwater valve.

Test Tees as CleanoutsCan a test tee fitting be accepted as a cleanout installed on a horizontal branch? This has been done all over the state for many years when certain situations are practical for it. It is realized that although a test tee fitting is not designed for clean out use intentionally, that it is referenced in Code Section 708.10 Exception #5 of the 2012 NCPC as acceptable in a vertical pipe, but does not reference the use or prohibit the use of one in a horizontal branch. The commentary also references the use of test tees being used as clean outs but also does not reference the use in specific installations outside of underneath a sink area.

Test Tees as CleanoutsUsing the test tee in the horizontal orientation will be acceptable as an alternate method since it is not described that way in the code section 708.10.

708.10 Location. Each horizontal drainage pipe shall be provided with a cleanout at the upstream end of the pipe.

Exceptions: The following plumbing arrangements are acceptable in lieu of the upstream cleanout.

5. Test tees or cleanouts in a vertical pipe.

Outdoor ShowersWhat are the drainage requirements for outdoor pool showers?

Outdoor ShowersConcerning outdoor poolside showers if the showers are required by the plumbing code or the NC pool rules, then the shower waste must go to the sanitary drainage system.

The drainage can go the storm drainage system if the showers are

(1) in addition to the number of required showers;

(2)are for rinsing only with no soap, shampoo or other detergent products used and are

(3)outside of the building.

Produce Stands

What are the requirements for permanent roadside produce stands?

1. Are bathrooms required?

2. Can the bathrooms be a porta-john?

3. Will the floors under the roof for the isles be concrete?

4. Is handicap parking required?

Produce StandsWe have a web interpretation on our website. Toilet requirements depend on the situation.

1. If it is a roadside tent or stand that could be considered temporary if in operation less than 180 days per section 110 of the plumbing code. Porta-johns can be used for temporary situations. “Temporary” is generally limited to events that don’t occur on a continual basis.

Produce Stands2. If it is a brick and mortar permanent facility where the

public comes into the building to browse and shop, then a public toilet is generally required.

Produce Stands3. If the public access area is 300 sf or less and the

business is for quick transactions, i.e., “take-out” then the 2018 code does not require a public toilet. The 2018 has been approved by the NC building code council and use of it can be requested by the owner.

Produce Stands4. Toilets are always required for employees unless the only

employee is the homeowner or his family and the homeowner’s house is within 300 feet of the stand.

Produce StandsWeb Interpretation: Are toilet facilities required for vegetable/fruit stands?

1. No, if the vegetable/fruit stand is located on the same parcel of land as the operator’s dwelling and has no entrance into the stand for the customers, then toilet facilities are not required.

2. Yes, if the vegetable/fruit stand allows customers to enter the building, then toilet facilities are required (see table 403.1 mercantile for required toilet facilities).

Produce StandsIf bathrooms are required by the NC Plumbing Code, then NCBC 1109.2 requires that the restroom be handicapped accessible.

If the NCPC 403.2 Exc. 5 permits one toilet room for each sex, and two unisex facilities are required, then NCBC 1109.2 Exc. 3 will require that a minimum of one room for each use, i.e., one for men and one for women, be accessible.

Produce Stands1109.2 Toilet and bathing facilities. Each toilet room and bathing room shall be accessible. Where a floor level is not required to be connected by an accessible route, the only toilet rooms or bathing rooms provided within the facility shall not be located on the inaccessible floor. At least one of each type of fixture, element, control or dispenser in each accessible toilet room and bathing room shall be accessible.

Exception:

Where multiple single-user toilet rooms or bathing rooms are clustered at a single location, at least 50 percent but not less than one room for each use at each cluster shall be accessible.

Produce Stands403.2 Separate facilities. Where plumbing fixtures are required, separate facilities shall be provided for each sex.

Exceptions:

5. Where the code requires only one toilet facility for each sex, two unisex facilities may be substituted for separate sex facilities.

Produce StandsIf the customer enters a roofed over area within a permanent roadside produce stand, then the accessible route within the building is required to comply with ANSI 302.1 and be stable, firm and slip-resistant.

If parking is provided, then accessible parking is required per NCBC 1106.1, Table 1106.1, NCBC 1106.5 and NCBC 1106.6.

Ejector DischargeRegarding the intersection of a ejector discharge pipe into the building drain system, section 712.3.5 requires a minimum of ten (10) feet from the base of stacks or fixture drain connections. The project in question has the location 8’-8” from a branch connection that connects upstream in the same horizontal drain and another fixture drain downstream but in a vertical position of the pipe (not clearly seen in the attached pictures). The question is whether the 8’-8” distance from the intersection of a branch connection would impose the same potential issues to the drainage pattern as if the connect were from a stack or fixture drain.

Ejector DischargeThe requirement is that the ejector pump connection to the drainage system is a minimum of 10 feet downstream of the base of the fixture drain which in this case is the wye connection to the branch drain.

Ejector DischargeThe 2018 code will read 10 pipe diameters instead of 10 feet.

712.3.5. Pump connection to the drainage system. Pumps connected to the drainage system shall connect to a building sewer, building drain, soil stack, waste stack or horizontal branch drain. Where the discharge line connects into horizontal drainage piping, the connection shall be made through a wye fitting into the top of the drainage piping and such wye fitting shall be located not less than 10 pipe diameters from the base of any soil stack, waste stack or fixture drain.

I offer this information if you wish to use it as basis for an alternate method for this one case. This has been approved by the building code council and its use can be requested by the owner and/or contractor.

Wine StoresWe have a proposed wine store which will not sell food, but will be serving wine. (No glass washing/ reuse) There are 2 wine dispensers, an eight bottle and a sixteen bottle unit, nitrogen propelled. They are a retail store and the primary occupancy is M.

Would this be considered to be an A-2 occupancy because of the consumption of wine? A-2 is higher hazard, has different restroom requirements, occupant density, etc?

Wine StoresIf the store is for dispensing wine only and not for congregating to consume wine, then it appears to be Group M.

Wine StoresException #3 of Section 2902.2 allows a unisex toilet to be used. This will allow the employees and the public to share the same unisex toilet room if the occupancy is less than 100.

[P] 2902.2 Separate facilities. Where plumbing fixtures are required, separate facilities shall be provided for each sex.

Exceptions

3. Separate facilities shall not be required in mercantile occupancies in which the maximum occupant load is 100 or less.

Water Heater DischargeThe new electric water heater was relocated to the garage. Today I meet with the plumbing inspector at the residence and was failed for not insulating the relief valve ( T&P valve) or strapping the relief line. I asked for the inspector and chief plumbing inspector to provide me with a code reference that enforces the requirements of insulating the relief valve and strapping the vertical relief line. The chief plumbing inspector cannot provide me with any such reference but is requiring me to contact DOI for a “ruling”.

Water Heater DischargeThe following was passed by the NC Building Code Council on June 20, 2014 after an appeals hearing

Request by Al Bass, representing the NC Building Code Council, to amend the 2012 NC Plumbing Code, Section 504.6.1. The proposed amendment is as follows:

504.6.1 Support. The discharge pipe shall be clamped or otherwise supported per Table 308.5 with not less than one clamp or support within 12-inches of the point of discharge.

Motion/Second/Approved – The request was granted. The proposed effective date of this rule is January 1, 2015.

Reason Given – This proposal is to provide clarity to the Plumbing Code, Section 504.6, Item 6 based on an appeal decision.

Water Heater DischargeIf the relief valve is insulated, care should be taken not to restrict the movement of the relief lever on the valve since this could keep it from operating. The relief lever should be visible after insulation. Section 305.6 of the plumbing code describes freeze protection of water piping systems.

Generally the hot water heater relief valve is not insulated but could be required by the local inspection department per the note under section 305.6, if they have had problems with relief valves freezing when exposed to an internal temperature of 120 degrees F.

Water Heater Discharge305.6 Freezing. The top of water pipes, installed below grade outside the building, shall be below the frost line or a minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) below finished grade, whichever is greater. Water pipes installed in a wall exposed to the exterior shall be located on the heated side of the wall insulation. Water piping installed in an unconditioned attic or unconditioned utility room shall have insulation with a minimum R-factor of 6.5 determined at 75°F (24°C) in accordance with ASTM C-177.

Note: These provisions are minimum requirements, which have been found suitable for normal weather conditions. Abnormally low temperatures for extended periods may require additional provisionsto prevent freezing.

Water Heater DischargeThat covers the strapping but the code pertaining the T&P being insulated is vague at most. This section is not pertaining to water heaters or the section that pertains to water heaters, which addresses relief valves directly. The code your referring only dictates water piping.

I see no reason to insulate the pressure relief valve on a water heater but it can be a local requirement if they have had problems with them freezing in the past. If the water heater manufacturer’s installation instructions require that the pressure relief valve be insulated, then it is required by code to do so.

Water Heater DischargeAlso to question how to comply with strapping the discharge on every install, I don’t see how it can always be done and would like some clarification on “how” For example how would I strap a discharge pipe on a water heater in the basement on a slab with no stand? The only place would be to the actual water heater which would be modifying manufacturers product, which would be illegal.

Water Heater DischargeThe code does not provide guidance on how you should secure the discharge pipe, only that it needs to be secured.

If you don’t attach it to the water heater due to warranty concerns, pipe stanchions or standoffs can be fabricated from steel angle, steel tube, pipe or unistrut. A U-bolt can fasten the pipe to the stanchion or standoff.

Banding the discharge pipe to the water heater may be another option for flexible pipe such as PEX as long as you don’t crush the pipe and reduce the inside diameter.

Plumbing Fixture CountHigher Ed is classified as a business use. Our facility contains a small office area and a large assembly room around 3,000 SF. The rest of the building area is divided up as labs and classrooms.

Previous projects have used actual occupant loads as the room is to be used such as 50 SF for lab rooms and then use the business classification for office areas. The same for classrooms at 20 SF per person.

Plumbing Fixture Count1. Is this the correct procedure?

2. Since the bulk of my building is a net use with only 10% is a gross use, do I add the remaining building areas not included in one of the net use spaces into the occupant count as a business use divided by 100 SF per person?

3. Do you add a higher occupant loads for portions of open lobbies that could be utilized as waiting areas or possible soft seating areas?

Plumbing Fixture CountPlumbing fixture counts are based on egress loads and the use of the space. The occupant loadings are calculated using table 1004.1.1 of the building code.

Higher education uses such as community colleges are business use. This applies to building height and area calculations.

Labs with fixed tables are taken at 50 sf per person net. Classrooms are calculated a 20 SF per person net.

Assembly space occupant loads depend on how the space is set up, i.e., loose chairs, tables and chairs or standing room (the prom, lobbies or spaces without furniture, etc.).

Plumbing Fixture CountPlumbing calculations are done by calculating the fixture counts individually for each use, combining the fractional components of each and rounding up.

403.1.1 Fixture calculations. To determine the occupant load of each sex, the total occupant load shall be divided in half. To determine the required number of fixtures, the fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be applied to the occupant load of each sex in accordance with Table 403.1.

Plumbing Fixture CountFractional numbers resulting from applying the fixture ratios of Table 403.1 shall be rounded up to the next whole number. For calculations involving multiple occupancies, such fractional numbers for each occupancy shall first be summed and then rounded up to the next whole number.

Exception: The total occupant load shall not be required to be divided in half where approved statistical data indicates a distribution of the sexes of other than 50 percent of each sex.

Plumbing Fixture CountJust to clarify, a lab is 50 SF and its occupancy category in the MFC spreadsheet is still Business since there is no education above grade 12, correct?

Also, do I include and occupant load for the corridors since they serve net use spaces?

Plumbing Fixture CountThe use of the space in the lab is lab at 50 sf per person.

You would include corridors in a business use such as a front office where the total business space is taken at 1 per 100 sf. You do not include corridor space for net calculations.

The classification of business for community college is for height and area calculations in chapter 5. Plumbing fixtures are determined by the use of the individual spaces in the building.

Plumbing Fixture CountTable 403.1 is the clarification I was seeking. There is no option for education above grade 12. If Business use is for the building and area, what is the 403.1 category for the occupancy category for lab plumbing count.

Use the business category in table 403.1 for the fixture loading. The lab designation is used for occupancy loading.

Condensate DrainageI have a HVAC contractor installing their condensate primary drain from their attic 90% HVAC system both the A/C coil and furnace condensate combining the drain into one drain and same extends down to under the bathroom vanity. Under the vanity, there is a “dishwasher” tailpiece installed and the condensate is connected DIRECTLY to the tailpiece with a flexible connection. The is NO indirect connection in the system. The condensate is direct connected on both ends.

I contend that this install is a violation since there is not any air gap or air break. I understand that if this condensate came off of the drain pan , this may be an air gap, but this is a direct connection to the HVAC system.

Condensate DrainageAn air gap is required between the AC unit and the sanitary system for condensate drainage.

802.1.5 Non-potable clear-water waste. Where devices and equipment such as process tanks, filters, drips and boilers discharge non-potable water to the building drainage system, the discharge shall be through an indirect waste pipe by means of an air break or an air gap.

Trenchless Water Line InstallationWhere can I find a list of approved pipe when installing trenchless potable water lines?

Trenchless Water Line InstallationThere will be a trenchless piping installation section in the 2018 plumbing code. The upcoming code language is as shown below.

SECTION 717REPLACEMENT OF UNDERGROUND SEWERS

BY PIPE-BURSTING METHODS

717.1 General.This section shall govern the replacement of existing building sewer piping by pipe-bursting methods.

Trenchless Water Line Installation717.2 Applicability. The replacement of building sewer piping by pipe-bursting methods shall be limited to gravity drainage piping of sizes 6 inches (152 mm) and smaller. The replacement piping shall be of the same nominal size as the existing piping.

717.3 Pre-installation inspection. The existing piping sections to be replaced shall be inspected internally by a recorded video camera survey. The survey shall include notations of the position of cleanouts and the depth of connections to the existing piping.

Trenchless Water Line Installation717.4 Pipe. The replacement pipe shall be made of a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) that conforms to cell classification number PE3608, PE4608 or PE4710 as indicated in ASTM F 714.The replacement piping shall be manufactured with a standard dimension ratio (SDR) of 17 and in compliance with ASTM F 714.

717.5 Pipe fittings. Pipe fittings to be connected to the replacement piping be made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) that conforms to cell classification number PE3608, PE4608 or PE4710 as indicated in ASTM F 714. and shall be manufactured with an SDR of 17 and in compliance with ASTM D 2683.

Trenchless Water Line Installation717.6 Cleanouts. Where the existing building sewer did not have cleanouts meeting the requirements of this code, cleanout fittings shall be installed as required by this code.

717.7 Post-installation inspection. The completed replacement piping section shall be inspected internally by a recorded video camera survey. The video survey shall be reviewed and approved by the code official prior to pressure testing of the replacement piping system.

717.8 Pressure testing. The replacement piping system shall be tested in accordance with Section 312.

Trenchless Water Line InstallationWill pex or copper be approved in 2018 code?

As far as I know at this time pex and copper will not be approved for trenchless installation in the 2018 NC plumbing code.

Flexible Plumbing DrainA homeowner recently contacted me asking if “flex” drain piping under a sink was legal. I looked through the code and really couldn’t come up with anything stating they couldn’t be used. Am I missing something?

Flexible Plumbing DrainThe only item I could find was section 706.2 where fitting shall not have ledges or restrictions to flow.

We use flex hose for dishwashers but that is a pumped situation, not gravity flow.

It is my interpretation that these fittings can be used but their use is discouraged because of possible development of sediment between the folds and obstruction to flow.

Skid Mounted Equipment

The inspector thinks the skids need to have UL approved labels on them as an assembly. We have pointed out that all the electrical components on the skid are all UL Listed, including the Electrical Control Box which we built in our UL Listed Panel Shop.

We have very similar installations across the country using the same equipment.


The equipment is used to make Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF), which is sold by Pilot at their Travel Plazas for used on diesel powered vehicles fitted with Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology to remove Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) pollutants from the diesel exhaust. Since the year 2010, nearly all diesel engines require DEF to meet emission standards.


DEF is a nonhazardous fluid, made from pure water and purified urea. DEF is so effective at cleaning the diesel exhaust, that new diesel engines no longer need to use Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) technology, and can actually get more horsepower per cubic inch of displacement. The DEF pays for itself in improved mileage per gallon of diesel fuel.


It is my understanding that

the entire skid can be UL certified

OR

the component parts can be UL certified with a set of engineered plans that has be signed and sealed by a licensed professional engineer.

Resetting a Toilet

It is my interpretation of the code that a pull and reset of a fixture would allow a plumbing contractor use the existing plumbing to reset the fixture. Once a plumbing contractor has to replace the piping servicing these fixtures they would be held to the current plumbing technical code and would need to adhere to all clearances and codes. Am I correct in my interpretation of the code?

Resetting a Toilet

If the plumbing piping system is altered in any way then the plumbing and the toilet is required to meet the new code requirements. If the toilet or the piping is replaced in place and there are no changes to the size or configuration of the plumbing it is a repair and the code requirements that were effective at the time of the earlier installation are in effect. This only applies to installations that were properly inspected and permitted at the time of installation.

Pipe Support

Can the branch tie-ins for the lavatory and shower wet vent of a toilet be temporarily supported by steel conduit, zip ties and duct tape until the slab is poured?

Pipe Support

It is my interpretation that the pipe needs to be bedded and cannot be supported by conduit or rebar with zip ties and duct tape. Buried pipe requires continuous supporter per section 306.1.

306.1 Support of piping. Buried piping shall be supported throughout its entire length.

Pipe SupportMy suggestion would be to have the bedding/installation of the long sweep for the toilet done first with a follow-up inspection for the proper bedding/installation of the lavatory and shower branches that are connected to the tee between the toilet and the long sweep. This type of installation can suck the traps dry when the toilet is flushed and is not recommended but is allowed by the current plumbing code.

Public Handwashing

I have had some questions come my way that I’m sure you have already gave answers to dealing with section 416.5. How are you interpreting “public hand washing facilities”???

Are you interpreting it to mean hand washing facilities such as “Hand wash sinks and Lavatories” for customers, patrons, and visitors (not employees/ staff) or are you including those fixtures for “Employees and Staff” also for this requirement???

Public Handwashing

Use the definitions of public and private use that are in the plumbing code.

PRIVATE. In the classification of plumbing fixtures, “private” applies to fixtures in residences and apartments, and to fixtures in nonpublic toilet rooms of hotels and motels and similar installations in buildings where the plumbing fixtures are intended for utilization by a family or an individual.

Public HandwashingPUBLIC OR PUBLIC UTILIZATION. In the classification of plumbing fixtures, “public” applies to fixtures in general toilet rooms of schools, gymnasiums, hotels, airports, bus and railroad stations, public buildings, bars, public comfort stations, office buildings, stadiums, stores, restaurants and other installations where a number of fixtures are installed so that their utilization is similarly unrestricted.

So public handwashing facility would include situations where a lavatory or handwashing sink is shared by employees.

Gas Line Supports

Can PVC plastic be used for gas line supports across a roof?

Gas Line SupportsPVC disintegrates in sunlight over time. The connection to the unit does not have an anchorage point which may be required by manufacturer’s installation instructions.

My opinion is that this should not be allowed since this is not the best choice of support materials and may not provide the required support over an extended period of time. Neat job though.

407.2 Design and installation. Piping shall be supported with metal pipe hooks, metal pipe straps, metal bands, metal brackets, metal hangers or building structural components, suitable for the size of piping, of adequate strength and quality, and located at intervals so as to prevent or damp out excessive vibration. Piping shall be anchored to prevent undue strains on connected appliances and shall not be supported by other piping.

Plumbing Fixture Count

When applying table 403.1 to building occupancies that contain accessory occupancies:

For example:

A “B” business occupancy that contains:

1. A large conference or lecture room that is over 750 sf or have an occupancy load over 50, and classified as A3 accessory occupancy.

2. Storage spaces that are classified as S-1 accessory occupancy.


Section 508.2.2 of the building code says: “The requirements of this code

shall apply to each portion of the building based on the occupancy

classification of the space”

QUESTION:

For the plumbing fixture calculation, is the entire building calculated under

the “B” main occupancy requirements?

Or section 508.2.2 of the building code also apply to plumbing code

requirements and the accessory areas, should be calculated as required by

table 403.1 for A3 and S-1 occupancies?


The plumbing fixture count is done for egress loads based on the use of each individual space using table 1004.1.1 of the 201 NC Building Code.

The general building occupancy type is used in chapter 5 of the building code to determine allowable heights and areas for the building.

A description of how to count plumbing fixtures is in chapter 4 of the plumbing code.


403.1 Minimum number of fixtures. In new construction or building additions and in changes of occupancy as defined in the North Carolina Building Code, plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the minimum number shown in Table 403.1. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually by the code official.

The number of occupants shall be determined by the International Building Code. Occupancy classification shall be determined in accordance with the International Building Code.

Plumbing Fixture Count403.1.1 Fixture calculations.

1. To determine the occupant load of each sex, the total occupant load shall be divided in half.

2. To determine the required number of fixtures, the fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be applied to the occupant load of each sex in accordance with Table 403.1.

Installing Fire Sprinklers

I hold a P-1 plumbing license and I am on a job that I have the plumbing contract and a license sprinkler company has the sprinkler contract and in the middle of the job the owners and engineers has changed a portion of the sprinkler system to copper pipe with silver soldered joints and the sprinkler company and GC wants me to install the section of copper piping for them, is that something I can or cannot do?


If the sprinkler system is a combined residential potable water system and fire sprinkler system under NFPA 13D it is my understanding that you can install the plumbing for the residential sprinkler system if you hold a special certificate from the board of examiners for plumbing, heating and fire sprinkler contractors. I am copying the licensing board on this for any clarification. Otherwise you are not licensed to install fire sprinkler piping.


If the job was a residential job that was a combined system (NFPA-13D) then the sprinkler contractor would not have been allowed to install it unless that sprinkler contractor also held a plumbing contractor license and for you to do the job you would have been required to hold a plumbing license as well as be licensed as a residential fire sprinkler contractor. I am going to assume that the system you are reference is not a residential system (NFPA 13D).

Under this assumption, based on our records which reflect that you hold a Plumbing Class I license (13676), no you would not be able to perform any fire sprinkler work.

Heel Inlet Quarter Bends

There seems to be some confusion about 706.4 is deleted from the code. but footnote f is still in the body below table 706.4. Long story short is heel and side inlets still allowed ?

Section 706.4 has been deleted from the plumbing code by the NC building code council.

Heel Inlet Quarter Bends2012 NC Plumbing Code

706.4 Heel- or side-inlet quarter bends. (140610 Item B-8)

706.4 Heel- or side-inlet quarter bends. Heel inlet quarter bends shall be an acceptable means of connection, except where the quarter bend serves a water closet. A low-heel inlet shall not be used as a wet-vented connection. Side-inlet quarter bends shall be an acceptable means of connection for drainage, wet venting and stack venting arrangements. Deleted.


The Statutory authority for Rule-making is G. S. 143-136; 143-138.

Heel Inlet Quarter Bends

Due to the fact that foot note F under table 706.3 is still in the last print of the code. I’m assuming these fittings are allowed, is that correct ?

For a while when 706.4 was effective it was the more stringent requirement. Now that it is deleted it is clear that footnote f of section 706.3 is effective and the heel inlet and side inlet quarter bends are allowed under certain circumstances.

Bars and Wet Sinks

One building professional implied that you CANNOT have a wet bar / sink in a bedroom. We believe this to be inaccurate, and see nothing in the codes that prevents it. Can you advise?

There is nothing in the plumbing code that prohibits a bar with wet sink in a bedroom. Toilets and urinals require smooth, non-absorbent washable walls and floors. There is a requirement to seal the space between the wall and the sink but with clear silicone this can be done in a neat and workmanlike manner with little visual impact.

405.5 Water-tight joints. Joints formed where fixtures come in contact with walls or floors shall be sealed.

Concession Stand Drinking Fountains

The county schools are providing a new small Softball Concessions and Restroom Building at three of its High Schools. The county schools feel strongly that this would be a maintenance and vandalism nightmare. When the field is in use, the concessions offers free water to anyone that request it. But to have a pair of drinking fountains on the exterior of this small building would, in their view, would last about one season. I would assume the intent of the code is to provide water to anyone and everyone who needs it at no cost. Similar to a restaurant, that water would be accessible to everyone.

Concession Stand Drinking Fountains

A drinking fountain will be required for each building and if a drinking fountain is provided a hi-low drinking fountain is required for accessibility.

We do not consider a concession stand to be a restaurant.

Ice Machine Drainage

We have purchased an under-counter ice machine. Do I have to pipe the drain to a floor drain or is it acceptable to use a drain pan?

The ice machine should be installed per the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Typically bin type ice machines are drained to a floor drain or sink through an air gap. Do not connect the ice maker drain directly to the building drainage system. It will make you sick. If you use the pan there must be an air gap between the pan and the drain outlet. The plumbing code requires the drain to be indirect per section 801.2.

Ice Machine Drainage801.2 Protection. All devices, appurtenances, appliances and apparatus intended to serve some special function, such as sterilization, distillation, processing, cooling, or storage of ice or foods, and that discharge to the drainage system, shall be provided with protection against backflow, flooding, fouling, contamination and stoppage of the drain.

802.2 Installation. All indirect waste piping shall discharge through an air gap or air break into a waste receptor or standpipe. Waste receptors and standpipes shall be trapped and vented and shall connect to the building drainage system. All indirect waste piping that exceeds 2 feet (610 mm)in developed length measured horizontally, or 4 feet (1219 mm) in total developed length, shall be trapped.

802.2.1 Air gap. The air gap between the indirect waste pipe and the flood level rim of the waste receptor shall be a minimum of twice the effective opening of the indirect waste pipe.

Contact Information

Bill Moeller

William H. Moeller, P.E.Chief Plumbing Code Consultant

NCDOI/OSFM Engineering Division

325 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, NC 27603

[email protected]

Phone: 919-647-0007

Fax: 919-715-0067

mailto:[email protected]