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RECAT-EU proposal, validation and consultation
WakeNet-EU 2014
Vincent TREVE Frederic ROOSELEER
ATM Airport Unit 13 May 2014
RECAT-EU
RECAT-EU was developed on the basis of the joint FAA – EUROCONTROL effort in RECAT-1
Following European stakeholders request, EUROCONTROL developed an revised version of the RECAT-1 proposal
This proposal was built on the basis of the RECAT-1 consultation feed-back
Even if the purpose was to optimize the capacity benefit for major EU airport, the categories were defined on the basis of aircraft characteristics
Initial categorisation of aircraft types based on clustering analysis
AT72*
AT73
B732
B712*
AT75*
A380
B747 A330/A340 B777
B767 A300
B739/B736 A318/A321 T154
B735/B7333 E190 CRJ9 AT75 D328
PA28 BE99 LJ45
RECAT-EU Categories
LJ35
LJ25
A124
A380
E120
SF34
CAT-A
CAT-B
CAT-C
CAT-D
CAT-E
CAT-F
E190
E145
AT45
RECAT-EU Categories
B772
A332
B774
A346 B752
B763 A306
A320
B738
MD82
B764
MD11
CAT-B
CAT-C
CAT-D
CAT-E
7
EUROCONTROL WV activities
RECAT-1 Super Heavy Upper Heavy Lower Heavy Upper Medium Lower Medium Light
A B C D E F
A388 A124
A332 A333 A342 A343 A343 A345 A345 A346 A346 AN22 B744 B748 B772 B773 B77L B77W B788 B789 IL96
A306 A30B A310 B703 B762 B763 B764 B783 C135 DC10 DC85 IL76 L101 MD11 TU22 TU95
B752 B753 A318 A319 A320 A321 B736 B737 B738 B739 MD82 MD83 MD87 MD88 MD90 B732 B733 B734 B735 DH8D E190 F50 F70 F100
AT43 AT45 AT72 B462 CRJ1 CRJ2 CRJ7 CRJ9 E135 E145 E170 GLF4
FA10 FA20 D328 E120 BE40 BE45 H25B JS32 JS41 LJ35 LJ60 P180 C650 C525 C180 C152
8
EUROCONTROL WV activities
RECAT-1 EU Super Heavy Upper Heavy Lower Heavy Upper Medium Lower Medium Light
A B C D E F
A388 A124
A332 A333 A342 A343 A343 A345 A345 A346 A346 AN22 B744 B748 B772 B773 B77L B77W B788 B789 IL96
A306 A30B A310 B703 B762 B763 B764 B783 C135 DC10 DC85 IL76 L101 MD11 TU22 TU95 B752 B753
A318 A319 A320 A321 B736 B737 B738 B739 MD82 MD83 MD87 MD88 MD90
B732 B733 B734 B735 DH8D E190 F50 F70 F100 AT43 AT45 AT72 B462 CRJ1 CRJ2 CRJ7 CRJ9 E135 E145 E170 GLF4
SF34 FA10 FA20 D328 E120 BE40 BE45 H25B JS32 JS41 LJ35 LJ60 SF34 P180 C650 C525 C180 C152
RECAT Principles
The European RECAT proposal is based on the following key principles:
Leader / Follower S H M L
A B C D E F
S A MRS 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 8.0
H B MRS 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 6.0
C MRS reduced reduced reduced reduced 6.0
M D MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS 5.0
E MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS reduced
L F MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS
Principle #1
If an ICAO WT category (Heavy or Medium) is split into an ‘upper’ and a lower’ part, the weaker wake vortex strength generated by aircraft categorized in the ‘lower’ allows reduction of separation for any follower
RECAT Principles
The European RECAT proposal is based on the following key principles:
Leader / Follower S H M L
A B C D E F
S A MRS Reduced 6.0 Reduced 7.0 8.0
H B MRS Reduced 4.0 Reduced 5.0 6.0
C MRS Reduced Reduced Reduced Reduced
Reduced Reduced 6.0
M D MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS 5.0
E MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS reduced
L F MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS
Principle #2
If an ICAO WT category (Heavy or Medium) is split into an ‘upper’ and a ‘lower’ part, higher resistance to wake turbulence encounters of the aircraft categorized in the ‘upper’ part allows reduction of separation for these aircraft.
RECAT Principles
The European RECAT proposal is based on the following key principles:
Leader / Follower S H M L
A B C D E F
S A MRS Reduced 6.0 Reduced 7.0 8.0
H B MRS Reduced Unchanged Reduced Unchanged 6.0
C MRS Reduced Reduced Reduced Reduced
Reduced Reduced 6.0
M D MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS 5.0
E MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS reduced
L F MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS
Principle #3
If an ICAO WT category (Heavy or Medium) is split into an ‘upper’ and a ‘lower’ part, the separation between ‘upper” leaders and ‘lower’ followers, being the most exposed to maximum WT risk levels, remains unchanged to preserve current levels.
RECAT Principles
The European RECAT proposal is based on the following key principles:
Leader / Follower S H M L
A B C D E F
S A MRS Reduced Revised Reduced Revised 8.0
H B MRS Reduced Unchanged Reduced Unchanged 6.0
C MRS Reduced Reduced Reduced Reduced
Reduced Reduced 6.0
M D MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS 5.0
E MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS reduced
L F MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS
Principle #4
If the exposure to WT risk level at separation minima is to be more harmonized between aircraft types by considering the wake resistance, the wake impact evaluation allows revision of the separation for Heavy and Medium followers behind ‘Super’ Heavy, when compared to a reference ICAO Heavy aircraft.
RECAT-EU Full proposal for Separation Minima
Leader / Follower J H M L
A B C D E F
J A 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 8.0
H B 3.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 7.0
C MRS* 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0
M D 5.0
E 4.0
L F 3.0
Leader / Follower J H M L
A B C D E F
J A (+0.5) -2.0 -1.0 -2.0 -1.0
H B -1.0 -1.0 +1.0
C -1.0 (-1.5) -1.0 -2.0 -1.0
M D
E -1.0
L F (+0.5)
* Validation for MRS at 2.5Nm
(figure) is compared to MRS of 2.5 Nm
Delta to ICAO provisions
RECAT-EU Validated proposal for Separation Minima
Leader / Follower J H M L
A B C D E F
J A 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
H B 3.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 7.0
C MRS* 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0
M D 5.0
E 4.0
L F 3.0
Leader / Follower J H M L
A B C D E F
J A (+0.5) -2.0 -1.0 -1.0
H B -1.0 -1.0 +1.0
C -1.0 (-1.5) -1.0 -2.0 -1.0
M D
E -1.0
L F (+0.5)
* Validation for MRS at 2.5Nm
(figure) is compared to MRS of 2.5 Nm
Delta to ICAO provisions
RECAT-EU Validated Time Departure Separation Minima
Leader / Follower J H M L
A B C D E F
J A 100s 120s 160s 180s 180s
H B 100s 120s 140s
C 80s 100s 120s
M D 120s
E 100s
L F 80s
Leader / Follower J H M L
A B C D E F
J A -20s -20s
H B -20s +20s
C -40s -20s
M D
E -20s
L F +20s
Delta to ICAO provisions
RECAT-EU Validation
Highlights Severity Metric Wake Vortex Databases Design Case (Reasonable Worst Case ) RECAT-EU Decay Model WT Risk assessment
RECAT-EU Severity Metric
Metric selected trough consultation of European experts The metric(s) shall be static The metric(s) shall be as meaningful as possible Selection process: European experts consultation Traceability of all contributions Consolidation workshop
DLR
NLR
UCL
RECAT-EU Severity Metric
Metric selected trough consultation of European experts Primary metrics based on evaluation induced rolling movement RMC ERR
Roll rate induced by the wake
RECAT-EU Severity Metric
Metric selected trough consultation of European experts Primary metrics based on evaluation induced rolling movement Rolling moment computation methodology was validated vs flight tests
ZZ
~1,000 ft
A346 and A380 as wake generatorConstant track, speed and altitude
4 NM(A300)
5 NM(A300, A320)
6 NM(A320)
A346 A380A320, A300
A380 and A346 wakes
made visible by oil injection
Follower relativeflight path
A320, A300 as encountererusually horizontally through the wakes
at 10°-15° lateral encounter angle
RECAT-EU Severity Metric
Metric selected trough consultation of European experts Primary metrics based on evaluation induced rolling movement Rolling moment computation methodology was validated vs flight tests RMC and ERR are both variant of the first order metric:
Vapp was derived from Mode-S survey Span from aircraft manufacturer data Wake strength from LiDAR campaign
Γ𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉. 𝑆𝑆𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑆𝑆
RECAT-EU Wake Vortex Database
22
EGLL-1 - October 2008 to December 2010
110,000 landing aircraft wake tracks covering 95% of Heavy movements in the
Top 10 busiest European Airports
EDDF-2 – January 2007 to June 2007
23
RECAT-EU Wake Vortex Database
23
5,000 departing aircraft wake tracks for
generalisation of arrival separations to departure
RECAT-EU Design Case (Reasonable Worst Case )
Only a sub-set of this databases were used for the separation design The design case is the combination of operational and weather conditions
considered as the reasonable worst case. Separations are designed for this reasonable worst case for being safe
where and when it matters
RECAT-EU Design Case (Reasonable Worst Case )
Separations are designed for being safe where and when it matters One wingspan altitude
1 wingspan alt
RECAT-EU Design Case (Reasonable Worst Case )
Separations are designed for being safe where and when it matters One wingspan altitude Long lasting wake conditions
RECAT-EU Design Case (Reasonable Worst Case )
Separations are designed for being safe where and when it matters One wingspan altitude Long lasting wake conditions
RECAT-EU Design Case (Reasonable Worst Case )
Separations are designed for being safe where and when it matters One wingspan altitude Long lasting wake conditions
RECAT-EU Design Case (Reasonable Worst Case )
Separations are designed for being safe where and when it matters One wingspan altitude Long lasting wake conditions
RECAT-EU Design Case (Reasonable Worst Case )
Separations are designed for being safe where and when it matters One wingspan altitude Long lasting wake conditions
RECAT-EU Design Case (Reasonable Worst Case )
Separations are designed for being safe where and when it matters One wingspan altitude Long lasting wake conditions
RECAT-EU Design Case (Reasonable Worst Case )
Separations are designed for being safe where and when it matters One wingspan altitude Long lasting wake conditions
RECAT-EU Validation
Highlights Severity Metric Wake Vortex Databases Design Case (Reasonable Worst Case ) RECAT-EU Decay Model WT Risk assessment
36
Define risk in RWC
Final approach speed
Wake strength encountered
Severity metric
validation
Documented aircraft
characteristics
Severity metric
Aircraft wing geometry
Approach speed profile
Computation methodology
Airbus Flight test data
LFPG Radar campaign
EGLL Mode S campaign
Aircraft manufacturers
Metric selection
European expert review
Airbus flight test campaign
EGLL LiDAR campaign
Criteria for RWC
Tarbes and Fresno LiDAR campaign
Define RWC in EGLL
Define RWC wake decay
Time separation
Define time separation
Wake decay in RWC
Define encountered
wake strength
WVE risk in RWC
Flow chart
RECAT-EU WT Risk assessment
Risk quantification Level 1 – Max WT severity in RWC per follower
CAT-C CAT-D CAT-F CAT-B CAT-E
RECAT-EU WT Risk assessment
Risk quantification Level 3 – Overall WT risk distribution by severity per pair in RWC
RECAT-EU WT Risk assessment
Risk quantification Level 4 – Pair-wise risk distribution per pair in RWC
<15T MTOW
CAT-F CAT-D
Heavy Light Medium
CAT-E
CAT-A
Span < 32m
60m < Span < 72m
Span > 32m
72m< Span <80m
Span < 52m
>100T MTOW <100T MTOW
CAT-B
52m < Span < 60m
CAT-C Optional Specific analysis
Specific analysis
Optional Specific analysis
Optional Specific analysis
RECAT-EU Categories
RECAT-EU Categories
Northrop B2 Myasishchev Atlant
Douglas C133
Martin Mars
Tupolev 160
Boeing B52
Antonov-225
ICAO Doc 8643
9000+ aircraft categorized
2 aircraft with needed specific
analysis
7 aircraft require special treatment
RECAT-EU Stakeholders Consultation
AOT WVTF 9 monthes 3 (+1) Wake Vortex Task Force workshops 15+ bilateral meetings Membership
• European ANSPs • Airports • Pilot associations (1 specific WS) • Manufacturers • European WV experts • FAA observer
RECAT-EU Status
Outcome of consultation to AOT/AAB Validated proposal and Safety Case v1.3 Task Force report including recommendation to AOT/AAB
RECAT-EU proposal available for EASA review – safety bulletin exected by June 14
CDG proposed by DGAC as pioneer airport Operational experience Support further improvements
RECAT-EU EUROCONTROL effort NOT fully terminated extend activities in order to validate the full proposal for CAT-A conduct specific Heavy-Heavy departure analysis consider development of a RECAT-EU version for application at 4DME
Full RECAT-EU Safety Case and technical documentation is available for consultation only on site in EUROCONTROL HQ (under NDA)