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?

Wdosces, haoeids oek strotdi`ds `e qu`tt`ei krui ogusd olcei

ece-trdotldet sddf`ei krui usdrs

@r`sa ]oub`ed B. Drdc, Haorlo`ed Xol`aoa J. Wuokc

oek @est. Hor`edz Kdbo Hruz, L.O.

OGX[WOH[> Luha aos gdde wr`ttde ce tad pdcpbds pottdres cj krui

usd oek tad vory`ei johtcrs taot `lpdb tadl `etc okk`ht`ce oek

sugsdqudetby `etc rdhcvdry. Acwdvdr, tadrd `s o b`l`tdk eulgdr cj

`ejcrlot`ce ce ece-trdotldet sddf`ei `ek`v`kuobs cr tacsd pdcpbd wac

loeoidk tc jubby rdhcvdr ce tad`r cwe w`tacut oey jcrlob trdotldet cr

lutuob adbp oek acw tady lofd ldoe`ei cj tad`r rdhcvdry prchdss.

Krow`ei jrcl tad koto hcbbdhtdk tarcuia `ejcrlob `etdrv`dws, wd

dxol`ed tad jubb kdto`bdk dxpdr`dehds cj tad tde port`h`poets oek hold upw`ta tad hcestruht cj jcur lct`vot`ei johtcrs taot lokd tadl tc j`eobby

stcp us`ei kruis> tad `lpoht ce adobta, sch`ob ob`deot`ce, edw `etdrdsts,

oek tad gdb`dj taot ced hoe qu`t. Yd obsc saord tad rdbotdk dlct`ces,

ta`ef`ei, oek scurhd cj lct`vot`ce, gut lcrd sc tad cvdrobb prchdss cj

tad`r rdhcvdry tarcuia tad usd ceby cj tad`r wcrf, jol`by, oek jr`deks.

@E[WCKTH[@CE

Pcu hoe gd lct`votdk gy jdor, ycu hoe gdlct`votdk gy rdworks, gut gcta cj tadsd

ldtacks ord ceby tdlpcrory. [ad ceby

bost`ei ta`ei `s sdbj lct`vot`ce. Xubbc,

7==9

Os h`tdk gy J`dbks (7==9), gcta tad

Eot`ceob Hcueh`b ce Obhcacb`sl oek tad

Oldr`hoe Ldk`h`eob Ossch`ot`ce stotds taot

okk`ht`ce `s hces`kdrdk tc gd o harce`h

rdbops`ei k`sdosd. Jcr ta`s port`hubor stuky,wd w`bb gd jchus`ei lcrd ce krui okk`ht`ce.

Krui okk`ht`ce `s typ`hobby oppb`dk tc hosds

`e wa`ha o b`h`t cr `bb`h`t krui `s rdpdotdkby

usdk cr hcesuldk `e woys tc prckuhd scld

jcrl cj hb`e`hobby s`ie`j`hoet `lpo`rldets cr

k`strdss (I`cvozcb`os & Kov`s, 7==46

Boukdt, Gdhfdr, & Ya`td 7==0). @j pdrs`stdet

cvdr t`ld, tad pays`hob, dlct`ceob, oek

sch`ob ospdht cj tad pdrsce haoeids, oek w`bb

prcirdss os bcei os tad us`ei hcet`euds

(J`dbks, 7==9). Os tad k`sdosd prcirdssds,

tad `ek`v`kuob w`bb cjtde rdk`rdht tad`r t`ld

oek dedriy owoy jrcl ctadr s`ie`j`hoet b`jd

hcehdres suha os wcrf, jol`by cr jr`deks

(I`cvozcb`os & Kov`s, 7==46 J`dbks, 7==9).

[ad`r b`jd wcubk nust rdvcbvd orcuek kruis

oek ecta`ei dbsd. Xuha usd `s pays`hobby

aozorkcus, loy rdsubt `e tad usdrs jo`burd tc

jubj`bb rcbd dxpdhtot`ces oek loy housd bdiob

prcgbdls cr housd `etropdrsceob oek sch`ob

prcgbdls jcr tad usdr (Boukdt, Gdhfdr, &

Ya`td, 7==0). [adsd ediot`vd hcesdqudehds,

tcidtadr w`ta tad`r acpd jcr o gdttdr b`jd, o

ecrlob b`jd, ord ced cj tad lo`e rdosces

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jcr tadl jcr woet`ei tc stcp okk`ht`ce oek

jcr sddf`ei adbp (Boukdt, Gdhfdr, & Ya`td,

7==0).

Obb lct`vot`ceob tadcr`sts hbo`l taot

obb auloe gd`eis aovd oe `eeotd tdekdehytcworks ircwta, `etdirot`ce oek adobta (J`dst

& J`dst, 7==06 Xaorlo & Xl`ta, 7=??). Oek

ta`s lct`vot`ce tc haoeid `s oe `lpcrtoet

port `e tad`r rdhcvdry (Hceedr, Bceisacrd, &

Oeib`e, 7==06 A`bbdr, dt ob., 7==06 Fcrhao, dt

ob., 7=??6 Boukdt, Gdhfdr, & Ya`td, 7==0).

Ohhcrk`ei tc tadl, `j ceby tadsd pdcpbd w`bb

aovd tad rdok`edss oek tad doidredss tc

haoeid, tade tady w`bb aovd tad hopoh`ty tc

cvdrhcld tad`r okk`ht`ce oek tc j`eobby tofd

hcetrcb cj tad`r b`vds. [adrd ord twc typds cj

lct`vot`ce> tad `etr`es`h oek tad dxtr`es`h

lct`vot`ce. @etr`es`h lct`vot`ce rdjdrs tc tad

lct`vot`ce taot hclds jrcl tad pdrsce

a`lsdbj suha os tad`r pdrsceob dencyldet,

`etdrdst, cr pbdosurd, rotadr taoe jrcl oey

dxtdreob cr cuts`kd rdworks cr

rd`ejcrhdldets (Bo`, 7=??). Ectd, acwdvdr,

taot scld tadcr`sts k`shcuet tad rcbd cjdxtr`es`h rdworks `e kdvdbcp`ei o strcei

oha`dvdldet cr`detot`ce oek oriud, `estdok,

taot oha`dvdldet `s b`efdk tc lcrd `etr`es`h

jcrls cj lct`vot`ce (Jroefde, 7==96 J`dst &

J`dst, 7==06 Kdh` & Wyoe, ?00?). O eulgdr

cj lct`vot`ce tadcr`sts gdb`dvd taot sf`bb

ohqu`s`t`ce chhurs portby jcr dxtr`es`h

rdosces gut boridby jcr `etr`es`h rdosces.

Ohhcrk`ei tc Kdh` (?097), rdworks rdkuhd

`etr`es`h lct`vot`ce jcr `t k`shcuroids tadjddb`eis cj hclpdtdehd oek sdbj-

kdtdrl`eot`ce cj tad pdrsce. Ad oriuds taot

dxtr`es`h rdworks pbohd tad lct`vot`ce jcr

bdore`ei cuts`kd tad `ek`v`kuob oek, os o

rdsubt, tad `ek`v`kuob ec bceidr dxpdr`dehds

jddb`eis cj hclpdtdehy oek sdbj

kdtdrl`eot`ce. Bdore`ei gosdk ce dxtdreob

kdloeks tdohads rdspcesds rotadr taoe rubds

cr uekdrstoek`ei (Jroefde, 7==96 Kdh`,

?00?). [ad `ek`v`kuob ldrdby `l`totds

oectadr pdrsces gdaov`cr cr bdores o

sdqudehd cj rdspcesds taot scldacw wcrfs.

Obtacuia suha rdspcek`ei loy wcrf `e

hdrto`e s`tuot`ces, `t wcet wcrf wade tad

tosf kdloeks ord sa`jtdk. @ek`v`kuobs a`ia `e

oha`dvdldet lct`vot`ce ord lcrd `ehb`edk tc

sdbdht k`jj`hubt tosfs `j dvobuot`ce `s `etdreob

oek lckdrotdby k`jj`hubt tosfs wade

dvobuot`ce `s dxtdreob (Jroefde, 7==96 Kdh`,

?00?).

Xdvdrob stuk`ds suiidst taot pdcpbd

ord lcst b`fdby tc i`vd up oe okk`ht`ce wade

tady lofd o hbdor kdh`s`ce tc kc sc, wa`ha

ldoes taot wade tady soy tc tadlsdbvds tady

hoe hcetrcb tad`r gdaov`cr, tady haoeid

(Goekuro, ?0006 Jroefde, 7==1). Ecw, wade

wd tobf ogcut ece-trdotldet sddf`ei

`ek`v`kuob, taot kcdset ldoe taot tady kcet

woet tc idt adbp cr taot tady kcet woet tc

idt hurdk, jcr `ts hclpbdtdby tad cppcs`td cjtaot. Yade wd tobf ogcut ece-trdotldet

sddf`ei `ek`v`kuobs, wd ord lo`eby tobf`ei

ogcut tacsd pdcpbd wac ogsto`e tadlsdbvds

jrcl kruis w`tacut oey jcrlob trdotldet cr

lutuob adbp. [ady fddp tadlsdbvds owoy

jrcl kruis ceby gy tad`r cwe `etdreob

lct`vot`ce tc haoeid. Koto jrcl pdcpbd wac

qu`t okk`ht`ces `ek`hotd taot lcst pdcpbd kc

`t ce tad`r cwe (Jroefde, 7==96 Gcyk, dt ob.,

7==46 Hcpdrs`ec, dt ob., 7==:6 Kdoe,Xouekdrs, & Gdbb, 7=??). [ad suhhdss rotd `s

typ`hobby luha a`iadr jcr ece-trdotldet

sddf`ei `ek`v`kuobs (sdbj-`e`t`otdk haoeid)

taoe jcr trdotldet-sddf`ei `ek`v`kuobs

(ctadr-`e`t`otdk haoeid) (Jroefde, 7==96

Goekuro, ?000). Yade pdcpbd ord pbohdk `e

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prcirols kds`iedk tc dkuhotd oek tro`e

tadl, w`tacut lof`ei o hcll`tldet tc

tadlsdbvds taot tady w`bb haoeid, tady cjtde

jo`b. Xuhhdss `e gdot`ei okk`ht`ces sddls tc

stort w`ta tad gdb`dj taot wd hoe hcetrcb cur

gdaov`cr oek tad kdh`s`ce taot wd woet tc

haoeid cur gdaov`cr (Goekuro, ?000).

Tebdss wd gdb`dvd taot wd hoe haoeid cur

gdaov`cr, wd hoet. @j wd kcet woet tc

haoeid cur gdaov`cr, wd wcet. Cehd wdrd

okk`htdk tc o krui, wd kcet aovd tc stoy

okk`htdk. Yd aovd o hac`hd. Oek lcst

prcjdss`ceobs oirdd taot wa`bd okk`ht`ce

hoeect gd hurdk, `t hoe gd loeoidk (]cbh`e,

dt ob., 7=?=).

Oek tad lcst djjdht`vd ldoes cj

okk`ht`ce loeoidldet `s ogst`edehd (]cbh`e,

dt ob., 7=?=). [ady ord tc gd `estruhtdk tc

stoy owoy jrcl pdcpbd wac usd kruis oek tc

surrcuek tadlsdbvds w`ta `ek`v`kuobs wac

hoe adbp tadlsdbvds tc prdvdet sugstoehd

usd. [ady lust bdore tc kdvdbcp strotdi`ds

jcr kdob`ei w`ta tad`r okk`ht`ce oek tc

rdhcvdr jrcl sdtgohfs (Goekuro, ?000).Tejcrtueotdby, tadsd ord ect obwoys sc dosy

tc jcbbcw dspdh`obby wade tadrd ord sc loey

burds oek tdlptot`ces orcuek ycu.

Ohhcrk`ei tc Fob`vos oek Zcbfcw (7==4),

olcei tad lcst ldeoh`ei haorohtdr`st`hs cj

krui okk`ht`ce `s tad pdrs`stdet kds`rd cj tad

pdrsce tc tofd kruis dvde ojtdr loey ydors

cj ogst`edehd. [a`s prcgbdl `s dspdh`obby

haobbdei`ei tc kdob w`ta gdhousd loey krui

okk`hts idt stuhf `e kde`ob oek rdjusd tcokl`t tc tad`r prcgbdl cr tad djjdhts `ts

aov`ei tc tadl oek tad pdcpbd orcuek tadl.

[ady w`bb loe`pubotd tadlsdbvds, os o

kdjdesd ldhaoe`sl, `etc ta`ef`ei taot `t `s

cfoy jcr tadl tc hcet`eud krui usd

(didtic`ei.hcl, 7=?7). Gy ect

ohfecwbdki`ei taot tady kc aovd o prcgbdl,

tady hoe fddp owoy jrcl joh`ei tad eddk tc

stcp us`ei kruis, gut ta`s lustet gd sc.

[ad troes`t`ce jrcl gd`ei o us`ei

okk`ht tc gdhcl`ei o rdhcvdr`ei okk`htloy gd hces`kdrdk o f`ek cj rdsch`ob`zot`ce

prchdss (Iroet, 7==9). [a`s rdsch`ob`zot`ce

prchdss w`bb adbp tadl tc hrdotd edw sch`ob

dev`rceldets oek edw hcursds cj oht`ce tc

gcek w`ta ctadrs oek tc fddp owoy jrcl

prdv`cus aog`ts cj krui usd. [a`s `s

`lpcrtoet gdhousd rdhcvdry `s ect s`lpby

ogcut trdot`ei tad`r krui okk`ht`ce, gut obsc

ogcut lof`ei sdesd cj tad post oek

dlpcwdr`ei tadlsdbvds tc tofd hcetrcb cj

tad juturd (sh`d.cri.uf, 7==9). @t `s o prchdss

cj tadl `kdet`jy`ei oek rdpboh`ei waot wos

rdjdrrdk tc os tad`r ueadobtay hcie`t`vd

oek gdaov`crob pottdres w`ta tad`r edw,

adobtay ceds. Wdhcvdry `s o b`jd-bcei

prchdss, oek `e crkdr tc jubby stoy `e `t, ycu

aovd tc woet `t, ycu aovd tc pursud `t.

Os h`tdk gy Xubbc (7==9), Y`bb`ol

Ibossdr ectds taot Yaot aoppdes cuts`kd cj

us aos o bct tc kc w`ta waot wd haccsd tc kc,

gut tad cuts`kd dvdet kcds ect housd cur

gdaov`cr. Yaot wd idt, oek obb wd dvdr idt,

jrcl tad cuts`kd, `s `ejcrlot`ce6 acw wd

haccsd tc oht ce taot `ejcrlot`ce `s up tc

us,wa`ha ldoes taot wd ord obb rdspces`gbd

jcr tad ta`eis wd kc. Ohhcrk`ei tc tad

Hac`hd [adcry, obbgdaov`cr `s hacsde (Xubbc,

7==96 Kovdepcrt, 7=??6 Idrobk`ed, 7=?=).[adrdjcrd tad lct`vot`ce jcr suha oht`ce `s

obwoys ic`ei tc gd `etr`es`h. Ibossdrs

Hac`hd [adcry aypctads`zdk taot dvdry

auloe gd`ei lofd up tad`r cwe _uob`ty

Ycrbk taot dlgck`ds tad tctob pc`et cj v`dw

oek uekdrstoek`ei cj tad wcrbk cj tad pdrsce

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suha os tad`r rdbot`cesa`ps, dxpdr`dehds,

pcssdss`ces, oek gdb`djs (Xubbc, 7==96

Kovdepcrt, 7=??6 Idrobk`ed, 7=?=). Y`ta`e

ta`s wcrbk w`bb gd tacuiats oek cp`e`ces

ogcut acw tc gdst ohhclpb`sa tacsd gos`h

auloe eddks suha os surv`vob, bcvd, pcwdr,

jue, oek jrddkcl, oek obsc hdrto`e `loids cj

waot tad pdrsce osp`rds tc gd oek ta`eis tady

woet tc kc `e b`jd (Idrobk`ed, 7=?=). Os o

pdrsce ircws cbk, ad w`bb dxpdr`dehd

k`jjdrdet ta`eis `e b`jd taot loy ojjdht tad`r

quob`ty wcrbks tc gdhcld k`jjdrdet tcc

(Kovdepcrt, 7=??). Oek os wd dxpdr`dehd

b`jd, wd ord hcet`eucusby hclpor`ei tacsd

ta`eis taot wd woet (cur _uob`ty Ycrbkp`hturds) tc tacsd ta`eis taot wd'vd obrdoky

ict (cur ]drhd`vdk Ycrbk). Yd jddb icck

ogcut cursdbvds wadedvdr tacsd twc wdrd

ldt. @t i`vds us o sdesd cj ohhclpb`saldet

cr ncy wadedvdr wd idt waot wd woet. Gut

wade wd kcet, wd jddb o hdrto`e kdirdd cj

jrustrot`ce, dspdh`obby wade taot eddk `s

rdobby `lpcrtoet tc us. [aot jrustrot`ce

s`ieob, os Ibossdr tdrls `t, `s jdbt os oe urid

tc gdaovd `e o woy taot w`bb adbp us idt lcrdcj waot wd woet (Kovdepcrt, 7=??).

[ad`r krui okk`ht`ce hoe ru`e

dvdryta`ei taot tady acbk `lpcrtoet. Gut

dvde tacuia `t hoe housd tadl o wacbd bct cj

ueaopp`edss, scld `ek`v`kuobs loy st`bb gd

uew`bb`ei tc haoeid. [ady cjtde jddb taot

tady kcet aovd waot `t tofds tc rdhcvdr oek

taot `t wcubk gd gdttdr `j ta`eis wcubk nust

stoy tad sold. Gut rdhcvdry `s oe ceic`eiprchdss, cjtde k`jj`hubt oek po`ejub ot

t`lds(obhcacbrdaog.hcl, 7=?=). Lcst pdcpbd

w`bb cjtde jddb uedetaus`ost`h jcr tady hoet

sdd oey haoeid aoppde`ei. Jcr tadl,

dvdryta`ei st`bb bccfs tad sold. Gut waot

tady kcet rdob`zd `s taot dvdry b`ttbd ta`ei

hcuets. Dvdry t`ld wd kc tad edxt r`iat

ta`ei, wd ord ojjdht`ei haoeid `es`kd

cursdbvds dvde wade `t st`bb bccfs tad sold

ce tad cuts`kd. Dvde wade pdcpbd stort

gu`bk`ei o b`jd `e rdhcvdry `t kcds ect ldoe

taot tady ord hurdk. [ad wcrf aos tc

hcet`eud. Pcu w`bb eddk tc hclpbdtdby obtdr

tad woy ycu kdob w`ta b`jd oek tad pdcpbd

orcuek ycu (Fob`vos oek Zcbfcw, 7==4). [c

kc ta`s, ycu eddk tc aovd tad Jbcw.

Jbcw `s tad hcetrory cj gcrdkcl. @t `s

o ldetob stotd cj cpdrot`ce `e wa`ha ycu jddb

dedri`zdk, `etdrdstdk, oek jubby `evcbvdk

ogcut scldta`ei taot ycu ord kc`ei. @t `s

scldta`ei ycu cjtde jddb wade ycu

ohhclpb`sadk scldta`ei `lpcrtoet cr wade

ycu ord hclpbdtdby try`ei ycur gdst

(dkutdhaw`f`.ue`id.ha, 7==0). Pcu aovd

ycur cwe sdt cj k`rdht`ce oek `s a`iaby

lct`votdk oek jchusdk ce tad tosf ot aoek. @t

hoe pusa ycu `e idtt`ei ta`eis ycu l`iat

ta`ef os `lpcss`gbd gdjcrd. @t hoe adbp ycu

tc oha`dvd suhhdss wa`bd `e rdaog oek `e tad

ydors taot jcbbcws `e rdhcvdry(obhcacbrdaog.hcl, 7=?=). @ek`v`kuobs

rdlo`e troppdk `e okk`ht`ce gdhousd tady

kcet jddb tady aovd tad sf`bbs tc dshopd. @j

tad`r sdbj-djj`hohy hoe gd `ehrdosdk, tady w`bb

jddb lcrd hcej`kdet ogcut tad`r og`b`ty tc

kdob w`ta tad`r prcgbdls (Goekuro, ?000).

[ad`r jo`ta `e tad`r cwe sf`bbs tc gdot tad

haobbdeid cj okk`ht`ce hoe bdok tc oe

`ehrdosdk sdesd cj jbcw (obhcacbrdaog.hcl,

7=?=).

X`l`borby, sdbj- kdtdrl`eot`ce `s o

suppcrt systdl tarcuia eoturob cr `etr`es`h

tdekdeh`ds tc gdaovd oek aovd adobtay woys

tc stcp krui okk`ht`ce. @t `s acw tad sch`ob

oek hubturob johtcr hclds `e taot w`bb

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joh`b`totd tad pdcpbds sdesd cj vcb`t`ce oek

`e`t`ot`vd taot w`bb prcvd tad wdbb-gd`ei oek

tad quob`ty cj `ek`v`kuobs pdrjcrloehd. @t `s

tad kdirdd `e wa`ha tad `ek`v`kuob dekcrsd

tad`r oht`ces tc tad a`iadst bdvdb cj

deioidldet tarcuia oht`ces oek o jubb sdesd

cj hac`hd. @e krui okk`ht`ce, tad hb`dets

lct`vot`ce prdk`hts o a`ia pdrhdetoid cj

haoeid taot w`bb put tad dlpaos`s `e gu`bk`ei

tad hb`dets lct`vot`ce jcr tadl tc jubby

rdhcvdr.

Cgndht`vds cj tad Xtuky

@e tad prdsdet stuky, wd w`bb dxol`ed

tad rcbd cj `etdreob lct`vot`ce `e tad b`vds,rdhcvdry, oek susto`edk wdbb-gd`ei cj bcei

tdrl krui okk`hts, tc saord tad`r stcr`ds

pugb`hby, `e tad acpd tc oss`st scldced

struiib`ei w`ta krui okk`ht`ce. Yd acpd tc

saord `e kdto`b, ot ta`s pc`et `e tad`r b`vds, tad

rdbotdk dlct`ces, ta`ef`ei, oek scurhd cj

lct`vot`ce, gut lcrd sc tad cvdrobb

prchdss cj tad`r rdhcvdry oek acw `t hold

tc gd.

Oek gy kc`ei sc, wd wcubk gd ogbd

tc kdtdrl`ed tad v`og`b`ty cj sdbj-lct`vot`ce

`e tad prchdss cj krui rdhcvdry oek dxpbo`e

acw ced pdrsce hoe suhhdssjubby cvdrhcld

tad`r krui okk`ht`ce ce tad`r cwe.

Xpdh`j`hobby, wd wcubk gd ogbd tc `kdet`jy

tad lo`e rdosce way tady aovd kdh`kdk tc

qu`t tad`r krui ogusd oek tad strotdi`ds taot

tady usdk tc hcequdr `t.

X`ie`j`hoehd cj tad Xtuky

[ad rdsdorhadrs `etdek tc dxpbcrd tad

port`h`poets pdrhdpt`ces oek dxpdr`dehds,

dspdh`obby tacsd pdrto`e`ei tc tad`r cwe sdbj-

lct`vot`ce, wa`bd `e tad prchdss cj rdhcvdry.

Olcei tad pdrsces wac w`bb gd k`rdhtby cr

`ek`rdhtby gdedj`tdk jrcl tad stuky ord tad

jcbbcw`ei>

[c hurrdet krui usdrs>[ad prcpcsdk

stuky w`bb adbp tacsd wac ord struiib`eiw`ta krui okk`ht`ce tc aovd o

kddpdr uekdrstoek`ei cj tad`r s`tuot`ce oek

tc ohhcrk`eiby lofd haoeids `e tad`r b`vds tc

okkrdss tad johtcrs taot hcetr`gutd tc tad`r

krui okk`ht`ce. [a`s stuky ohfecwbdkids

tadl os fecw`ei oidets `e tad`r

okk`ht`ce oek rdhcvdry prchdssds, wa`ha

hcubk `esp`rd oek lct`votd tadl tc qu`t tad`r

krui okk`ht`ce. @t hoe obsc prcv`kd tadl

scld rdjdrdehd cr iu`kd `e hrdot`ei tad`r

cwe strotdi`ds `e qu`tt`ei gosdk ce tad

port`h`poets stcr`ds.

[c rdaog`b`tot`ce kchtcrs>[ad rdsubts

cj ta`s rdsdorha stuky loy i`vd tadl edw

`es`iats wa`ha wcubk dehcuroid tadl tc pboe

prcndhts kds`iedk tc `lprcvd tad quob`ty cj

trdot`ei tacsd wac ord hurrdetby sujjdr`ei jrcl

krui okk`ht`ce. [a`s stuky hoe prcv`kd tadl

w`ta tad edhdssory `ejcrlot`ce ogcut tad`r

hb`dets trud hcesh`cusedss `e tad prchdss cj

krui okk`ht`ce oek krui rdhcvdry sc taot tady

hcubk jurtadr lct`votd tad`r hb`dets tc stcp

us`ei kruis. Y`ta ta`s stuky, tady hcubk hcld

up w`ta gdttdr strotdi`ds tc adbp tad`r hb`dets

suhhdssjubby.

[c juturd rdsdorhadrs/stukdets> [ad

hurrdet stuky `s usdjub `e hcetr`gut`ei tc tad

idedrob gcky cj fecwbdkid `e tad ordo cj`etdreob lct`vot`ce oek krui rdhcvdry, ce

acw hoe o ece-trdotldet sddf`ei `ek`v`kuob,

`e port`hubor, stcp tad`r krui ogusd ce tad`r

cwe. [ad prcpcsdk stuky w`bb gdedj`t oek

adbp tad juturd rdsdorhadr os tad`r iu`kd oek

hoe obsc cpde up `e tad kdvdbcpldet cj ta`s

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port`hubor stuky. @t `s obsc k`jjdrdet jrcl oey

ctadr stuk`ds jcr `t jchusds lcrd ce tad

`etdreob lct`vot`ce cj tad pdrsce oek ect tad

dxtdreob lct`vot`ce taot lcst rdsdorhadrs

usd.

Hcehdptuob Jroldwcrf

Jcr ta`s popdr, tad rdsdorhadrs aovd

hcehdptuob`zdk cur cwe prchdss cj rdhcvdry

oehacrdk upce tad tardd tadcr`ds k`shussdk

ogcvd oek taot `s (o) Ibossdrs Hac`hd

[adcry, (g) Kdh` & Wyoes Xdbj-

Kdtdrl`eot`ce [adcry, oek bostby (h)

Hs`fszdetl`aoby`sJbcw [adcry.

LD[ACKX

[ad rdsdorhadrs ut`b`zdk oe

`etdrprdtot`vd padecldecbci`hob oeobys`s `e

hcekuht`ei tad stuky. [a`s port`hubor

ldtackcbciy wos hacsde, s`ehd `t jchusds ce

uekdrstoek`ei tad padecldeo `e qudst`ce.

J`eboy oek Gobb`eidr (7==:) kdshr`gdk @]Oos o vor`oet cj padecldecbciy taot o`ls tc

dxpbcrd `ek`v`kuobs pdrhdpt`ces oek

dxpdr`dehds. [of`ei oe `k`ciropa`h

opprcoha, tad jchus `s ce tad `ek`v`kuobs

hcie`t`vd, b`eiu`st`h, ojjdht`vd oek pays`hob

gd`ei. @t w`bb deogbd us tc oeobyzd tad

padecldece uekdr `evdst`iot`ce oek tc

uekdrstoek tad padecldece jrcl tad

port`h`poets cwe pc`et cj v`dw (Xl`ta oek

Csgcre, 7==9). Ohhcrk`ei tc [oybcr (?099),

quob`tot`vd rdsdorha `s rdjdrrdk tc os o

eoturob`st`h rdsdorha cr `equ`ry `etc dvdrykoy

b`v`ei. K`rdht cgsdrvot`ces ord lokd cjauloe gdaov`cr `e dvdrykoy b`jd.

Eoturob`st`h rdsdorhadrs gdb`dvd taot io`e`ei

fecwbdkid jrcl scurhds taot aovd "`et`lotd

jol`b`or`ty" (Bcjboek, ?09:) w`ta oe `ssud `s

jor gdttdr taoe tad "cgndht`vd" k`stoeh`ei

opprcoha taot suppcsdkby haorohtdr`zds

quoet`tot`vd opprcohads (Aowcrta, ?01;).

[ad ?= port`h`poets `e tad stuky wdrd

sdbdhtdk tc lddt tad jcbbcw`ei hr`tdr`o tc gd`ehbukdk `e tad solpbd. [ady> ?) Aovd

ogsto`e tadlsdbvds jrcl kruis w`tacut oey

jcrlob trdotldet cr lutuob adbp 7) Aok gdde

ce rdhcvdry jcr ot bdost 4 ydors cr lcrd 8)

Y`bb`ei tc port`h`potd ;) 7? ydors cr cbkdr,

oek :) Cj d`tadr sdx. [ad kurot`ce cj t`ld cj

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tad`r krui usd oek krui rdhcvdry wdrd obsc

ectdk.

; cj tad port`h`poets wdrd jdlobd

(;=%) oek : cj tadl wdrd lobd (:=%). [ad

ldoe oid cj tad port`h`poets `s ;9.9 w`taoids roei`ei jrcl 8; tc :4 ydors.[`ld `erdhcvdry roeidk jrcl : ydors tc 8; ydors

w`ta o ldoe rdhcvdry t`ld cj ?8.? ydors.

Ldoewa`bd, t`ld cj okk`ht`ce roeidk jrcl ?

ydor tc ;= ydors w`ta o ldoe okk`ht`ce t`ld

cj ?8.? ydors. ]ort`h`poets krui(s) cj hac`hd

`ehbukdk saogu (e

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tadlsdbvds. [a`s sdht`ce aos a`iab`iatdk

acw port`h`poets j`eobby aok gdiue tc

hces`kdr stcpp`ei tad`r usd cj kruis oek

scld cj tad vory`ei jddb`eis tady wdrd

aov`ei ogcut tadlsdbvds taot hclpdbbdk

tadl tc gdi`e tc kc sc.

[adld ?> @lpohts ce Adobta

Yade wd tobf ogcut ta`s tadld,

wdrd tobf`ei ogcut tad ediot`vd djjdhts cj

krui usd ce tad port`h`poets adobta, d`tadr

pays`hobby cr psyhacbci`hobby, jcr tadl tc

j`eobby hces`kdr qu`tt`ei `t. Jcr ta`s sdht`ce,

tad port`h`poets dvobuotdk acw tad`r krui

okk`ht`ce aok `etdrjdrdk w`ta tad`r adobta, oswdbb os `e tad`r pays`hob oek psyhacbci`hob

adobta. [ad jcbbcw`ei k`shuss`ce, cj tad`r

adobta prcgbdls, `s tc uekdrstoek acw tad

port`h`poets gdioe tc rdob`zd acw tad

prca`g`tdk krui usdk aos ojjdhtdk tad`r

adobta, d`tadr pays`hobby cr psyhacbci`hobby.

Jcr dxolpbd, os ced port`h`poet, Jdb`x,

stotds, Eofoforolkol eo fc ei a`ek`

loioeko so sor`b` fc, tsofo a`ek` fc eo

foyoei gul`b`, gofo lofo`s`p ofc ei a`ek`

loioeko. ]dcpbd wac ord okk`htdk

dvdetuobby jddb hcestoetby cut cj hcetrcb oek

hoe ec bceidr loeoid tad`r cwe b`vds

(Okols & Yorrde, 7=?=6 Hcpdrs`ec dt ob.,

7==:). [ad krui kr`vds tad vdry tacuiats `e

tad`r l`ek. [ady dxpdr`dehd

`ehrdos`ei pays`hob `bbedss os wdbb os

dlct`ceob oek ldetob k`strdss.

Dvdetuobby tady obwoys jddb s`hf.

Xcld cj tadl wdrd dvde

acsp`tob`zdk gdhousd cj tad`r hcestoet krui

usd, suha os taot cj Aorcbk wac wos

k`oiecsdk w`ta cvdrkcsd. A`s gcky gdhold

st`jj os `j `t wos porobyzdk. Ad hoet lcvd

a`s gcky ot obb. Gut `j ad k`k, `t wos os `j ad

wos o rcgct. Aobcs potoy fotowoe fc,

`soei guwoe. @soei guwoe ofc so csp`tob.

@soei guwoe ofc so Ldtrc. ]oro ofcei

porobyzdk.

Gdta wos obsc acsp`tob`zdk gdhousdcj adr hcestoet hcuia`ei kud tc slcf`ei

saogu oek lor`nuoeo. Pue, `euugc-ugc eo

fc. Tluugc-ugc eo fc. K`eobo ofc so

Hcekd, t`e`ieoe yuei goio fc. Puei

foboaot` poroei purc ubop, yuei foboaot`

guc. Pce, `soei b`eic ofcei ``ecl ei

iolct

[ady obsc aovd tad tdekdehy tc

cvdrta`ef dvdryta`ei wade us`ei kruis,dspdh`obby ogcut tad`r cwe pdrsceob

prcgbdls suha os `e taot cj tad`r jol`by cr

jr`deks, hous`ei tadl tc gd ueogbd tc ed`tadr

sbddp ecr dot oeyta`ei. Os Oeed saords,

]oroei lof`eo yoe eo a`ek` fo

eofoforolkol ei iutcl. Fuei oec yuei

p`eoitr`poe lcei iow`e, fuewor`

loibobogo fo, foa`t lOkob`ei orow eo,

lototopcs lc yue. ]oroei jddb`ei lc,

ful`f`bcs fo po r`e. Ioeue syo. @go eo. Cc,

`go eo. ]oroei lob` eo tc, a`ek` eo ecrlob.

I`s`ei ofc foa`t eo iustc fc ei lotubci,

a`ek` eo pwdkd. Ioeue fos`, oekue po yuei

tolo. @s`p boei ei `s`p ei foa`t eo oec.

]oroei poeiorop fo boei ei poeiorop ei

poeiorop. Yobo fo ei `goei `e``s`p. L`esoe,

yuei `goei loa`eo eo oei utof, `e``s`p oei

prcgbdlo so pol`byo aoeiioei so eoioiob`t

eo s`bo so toc. Poe oei dpdftc e`yoe, woboeifotopusoei `e``s`p lc yuei prcgbdlo lc.

[ad`r lccks oek woy cj ta`ef`ei

wdrd obsc gd`ei ojjdhtdk. Lcst cj tadl

stotdk acw tady obwoys jddb `rr`togbd oek

actadokdk. @rr`togbd ofc, eogogoktr`p

ofc, lo`e`t oei ubc fc, loa`eo oei

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0

hcetrcb fc, lokob` ofcei loiob`t,tacsd

ord scld cj tad wcrks tady kdshr`gdk

tadlsdbvds. [ady ord obsc stort`ei tc jddb

poroec`k wadedvdr tady sdd scldced. Jcr

tadl, `t `s os `j tacsd pdcpbd ord ic`ei tc kc

scldta`ei gok tc tadl. @e``s`p fc so fopwo

fc, loy ioiow`e sof`e pdrc a`ek` eoloe

pobo. ]oroei toloei a`eobo eo, poroei

eoi`i`ei ediot`vd eio yuei `s`p lc so

fopwo lc. Fuewor` yuei lot`ieoe fo boei,

oec eoloe tcei lofot`ei`e. ]oroei

ioeue, Jdb`x so`k. Kcbby sddls tc oirdd

soy`ei, a`ek` lc fos` obol fuei fofolp`

lc s`bo c a`e`a`bo fo e`bo. ]oroei oei solo

ei pof`rolkol fc so `go. ]oroei woboeipoilolobosof`t so `guguyc fo po. Puei

eoso pob`i`k lc, k` lc obol fuei fofolp`

lc c `g`euguyc fo eo.

[ad sugstoehds tady aok gdde us`ei

`e okk`ht`ce wdrd ec bceidr lof`ei tadl

jddb icck, d`tadr pays`hobby cr

psyhacbci`hobby (Okols & Yorrde, 7=?=6

Hcpdrs`ec dt ob., 7==:). ]rcgbdls w`ta

dx`st`ei b`eds cj oht`ce w`ta`e tad`r adobtawdrd hotobysts jcr edw b`eds cj oht`ce kud tc

s`ie`j`hoet tdes`ces oek stro`es. Xtro`e oek

tdes`ces chhurrdk ce k`jjdrdet bdvdbs,

jcbbcwdk gy tad kds`rd tc tofd scld f`ek cj

oht`ce tc rdkuhd ta`s strdss ([drry, 7==86

Hcpdrs`ec dt ob., 7==:). Jcr dxolpbd,

jddb`eis cj sdbj-k`siust oek wcrtabdssedss

wdrd hcllce olcei loey port`h`poets.

Ctadrs ldet`cedk acw kdprdssdk oek

tdrr`gbd tady jdbt tcwork tad dek cj tad`rokk`htdk paosds. Obtacuia kruis aok gdde

jueht`ceob jcr tadl `e okk`ht`ce, tady scce

hold tc sdd tadl os kysjueht`ceob `e taot

tady wdrd ec bceidr jue oek ec bceidr

aok o purpcsd jcr tadl. [ady scce rdob`zd

taot `j tady ord ic`ei tc b`vd o bcei,

prckuht`vd b`jd, tady eddk tc tofd hord cj

tad`r adobta j`rst. (Hcpdrs`ec dt ob., 7==:)

@e ta`s paosd cj j`eobby pboh`ei vobuds

tc tad`r adobta, obtacuia loey port`h`poets

aok gdde `bb jcr o pdr`ck cj t`ld, tadrd holdtad lcldet wade tady hcubk ec bceidr

hcet`eud tc jddb ta`s woy. Xcldta`ei aok

sa`jtdk `e tad`r jddb`eis ogcut tadlsdbvds,

obcei w`ta tad`r jddb`eis ogcut tad

sugstoehds taot aok stcppdk wcrf`ei.

[ad fdy tc o suhhdssjub dx`t jrcl sugstoehd

ogusd wos tc stcp gdhousd tady ec bceidr

woetdk tc gd usdrs, `e sacrt, tc kc `t gdhousd

tady woetdk tc haoeid tad`r sdbvds.

Lcst port`h`poets aok turedk tc kruis

kud tc o bohf cj o sdesd cj hcetrcb `e dorby

dxpdr`ldetob oek okk`htdk paosds. Ce tad

ctadr aoek, os tady wdrd gdi`ee`ei tc bdovd

okk`ht`ce, tady wdrd obsc gdi`ee`ei tc bohf o

sdesd cj hcetrcb `e tad`r usd cj kruis. Yd

oriud taot `e ta`s paosd, wa`bd kruis wdrd

st`bb pays`hobby okk`ht`vd tc port`h`poets,

tadsd pdcpbd st`bb sow tadlsdbvds vdry luha

os outacrs cj tad`r cwe gdaov`crs, ogbd oek

rdspces`gbd jcr kdvdbcp`ei edw b`eds cj

oht`ce os tady lcvdk tcworks rdhcvdry

(Iroet, 7==9). Os Aorcbk so`k, Xo eioyce

a`ek` ofc iuloiol`t. [opcs eo fc kyoe,

oeikot`ei sof`e e`yoe pdrw`syc so

fotowoe. ]oick. ]oick ei `s`poe, poick ei

fotowoe.

Dgouia (?011) `e adr stuky cj rcbd-

dx`t okkrdssds oe `lpcrtoet qudst`ce> tad

ways oek acws cj gdhcl`ei oe dx.

Dgouias (?011) wcrf ce rcbd-dx`t

hces`kdrdk ?7 dx-obhcacb`hs (s`x jdlobds oek

s`x lobds) cut cj o tctob cj ?14 `ek`v`kuobs

wac wdrd dx`t`ei ctadr rcbds. Xad oriuds

taot ta`s pctdet`ob jcr edw b`eds cj oht`ce `s

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?=

port cj o rcbd-dx`t taot bdoks tc hu`ei

gdaov`cr `ek`hot`ei k`shcetdet w`ta ceds

rcbd. [ad huds jcr port`h`poets `e ta`s stuky

wdrd s`l`bor `e taot tadrd wdrd tacsd s`ies,

hcesh`cus cr uehcesh`cus, taot sacwdk taot

tady wdrd jddb`ei k`ssot`sj`dk `e tad`r hurrdet

rcbds.

Jcr dxolpbd, @rdeds sdbj-p`ty`ei jcr

aov`ei ecta`ei tc dot sdrvds os o hud jcr adr

taot scldta`ei aok tc haoeid `e adr b`jd, taot

sad eddks tc kc scldta`ei jost. Eoowo eo

ofc so sor`b` fc. Eccei l`esoe, k`eoeos fc,

poi uw` fc ei goaoy eol`e, wobo ofcei

fofo`e`e, woboei ofcei poifo`e. Eoroeosoefcei goiccei oei fo`e`e fc so lobol`i eo

foe`e. Eoowo ofc so sor`b` fc ecce eo

eo``yof ofc, eo a`ek` eoloe yue oei

poifotoc fc. Xo tctcc boei lop`b` ofc so

poifo`e pdrc yuei t`ld eo yue koa`b so

iutcl fc, fulo`e ofc eue. Pue yuei

iul`s`ei sof`e eo a`ek` fc go lotoeiiop so

sor`b` fc eo ioe`tc eo go ofc3

[adld 7> Xch`ob Ob`deot`ce

@e ta`s sdht`ce, tad port`h`poets tobfdk

ogcut acw tad`r krui okk`ht`ce kdstrcydk

tad`r rdbot`cesa`p w`ta ctadrs, dspdh`obby tc

tacsd wac lottdrs tc tadl lcst. Krui

okk`ht`ce `s typ`hobby rdprdsdetdk gy

bcedb`edss oek `scbot`ce. Oe okk`ht's krui

usd lofds `etdroht`ce w`ta ue-okk`htdk

`ek`v`kuobs k`jj`hubt. Xaold oek iu`bt oek

tad eddk tc usd lofds oe okk`ht w`takrowjrcl sch`dty wa`bst ot tad sold t`ld gd`ei

pusadk owoy gy tad`r bcvdk ceds kud tc tad`r

grdof`ei prcl`sds, stdob`ei oek idedrob

oet`sch`ob gdaov`cur (Gced, dt ob., 7=??6

Hcpdrs`ec dt ob., 7==:).

Ediot`vd sdbj-v`dws cjtde

haorohtdr`zds krui usdrs, acwdvdr, haoei`ei

ediot`vd sdbj v`dws `s vdry k`jj`hubt. [ad

port`h`poets (wa`bd st`bb ce tad`r okk`ht`vd

paosd) b`vd o l`sdrogbd b`jd gdhousd cj tad

ediot`vd ojj`rlot`ces ogcut tadlsdbvds, o

prckuht cj ediot`vd sdbj-`loid oek sdbj-

dstddl, cj gd`ei o krui okk`ht (Onzde &

J`sagd`e, 7==4). [a`s ta`ei hobbdk sdbj

`loid `s o pcwdrjub jcrhd taot `ejbudehds

pdcpbds l`eks, jddb`eis, oek gdaov`crs.

Ceds sdbj hcehdpt `s prcndhtdk `e a`s

rdbot`cesa`ps (Jroefde, 7==9). Y`ta o

saottdrdk sdbj `loid, ad `s `ehb`edk tc v`grotd

ediot`vd dlct`ces oek uepbdosoet gdaov`cr,ojjdht`ei ctadrs `e kdtr`ldetob woys, lof`ei

a`l vubedrogbd tc jo`burd `e a`s pdrsceob b`jd

cr horddr.

]dcpbd wac ord okk`htdk j`ek

tadlsdbvds kc`ei ta`eis tady wcubk

edvdr aovd kced gdjcrd tad`r okk`ht`ce, tc

idt tad lcedy tady eddk tc hcet`eud us`ei

kruis, w`tacut dvde ta`ef`ei ogcut waot

ctadrs l`iat jddb gdhousd cj `t. Nohfkdshr`gds acw ta`s oht ru`edk a`s rdbot`cesa`p

w`ta a`s jr`deks, gut lcst dspdh`obby, tad

trust cj a`s cwe jol`by os wdbb. Lorol`

ofcei lio fosoboeoe eo eoiowo. Ot

lorol`ei lio tocei eokow`t sof`e ot lio

eoitolpc. @e``wosoe eo fc ei `goei

fo`g`ioe fc, iob`t eo sof`e oei eoeoy fc,

lio fopot`k fc, poroei oyow eo e`bo ofcei

toeiiop`e so bccg ei goaoy, wobo eo s`boei

t`wobo sof`e.

Cur jol`by systdl sacws tad

dx`stdehd cj vdry strcei f`esa`p t`ds suha

taot wadedvdr k`jj`hubt`ds or`sd, wd kc ect

ads`totd tc opprcoha cur pordets oek

rdbot`vds wac ord gcuek tc adbp us. Yd obb

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?7

i`eoioboei. K` eoloe tctobby a`ek` ofc

i`eoioboei, pdrc poroei so pof`rolkol fc,

ioece.Logogo oei t`ei`e sof`e.

Ohhcrk`ei tc tad port`h`poets, dvde

tacuia tacsd pdcpbd ord ect soy`ei oeyta`eitc tadl, tady hoe st`bb jddb tad woy ctadrs

pdrhd`vd tadl tc gd nust gy tad woy cj acw

tady bccf ot tadl, oek `t aurts tadl st`bb.

Ohhcrk`ei tc Oeed, ]oroei a`ek` fo eo

ecrlob so `goei toc d. Fos` `fow, `lgds eo

soloaoe fo e`bo, a`ek`. Ooeuaoe fo po e`bo,

o yoe, ok`f yoe. Yobo eoloe s`boei

s`eosog` pdrc yuei lio t`ei`e e`bo, poroei

kue fo lotutueow, eo poroei `go tc.

Foa`t a`ek` e`bo pof`to soyc ei pdrsceob, ei

aorop-aoropoe soyc, l`slc so sor`b` lc,

lororolkoloe lc, poroei ul``wos s`bo

soyc. A`ek` eoloe so eototofct, pdrc

poroei ioeue eo r`e s`iurc. Oei `go, fopoi

s`eog`ei ok`f fo, obccj fo kyoe, k`go3

[adld 8> Gdb`dj [aot Ced Hoe _u`t

Kruis ord ect obwoys edhdssory, gut

gdb`dj `e rdhcvdry obwoys `s. Gdb`dv`ei ycuhoe qu`t ce ycur cwe `s ced cj tad lcst

`lpcrtoet johtcrs cj qu`tt`ei krui okk`ht`ce

(Bo`, 7=??6 Jroefde, 7==9). Yd obb eddk o

strcei sdesd cj vcb`t`ce oek `e`t`ot`vd tc

haoeid `e crkdr tc qu`t, oek obsc tc suppcrt

tad`r oht`ces tc tad a`iadst bdvdb cj

deioidldet tarcuia oht`ces oek o jubb cj

sdesd cj hac`hd. Os obb cj tad port`h`poets

so`k, `ts obb up tc us wadtadr wd woet tc

haoeid cr ect. Yd obb aovd tad pcwdr tc

haoeid oek tc hcetrcb cursdbvds `j wd woet

tc. @j tady hoe hcehd`vd `t oek gdb`dvd `t,

tady hoe oha`dvd `t. [ady lust fecw `t `s ect

tad`r opt`tukd gut tad`r ott`tukd taot w`bb

kdtdrl`ed tad`r obt`tukd. ]oi i`eustc toboio

ei toc, foyo e`yo. Os Oeed stotds,

L`slcei `s`p fc boei k`e eoiturc sof`e.

@s`p fc r`e oei loipopogoic e`yoe eo, Oa

t`i`b eo. [olo eo. Eo `tc eo yuei rdob`ty,

aorop`e lc eo.

Ohhcrk`ei tc Xotdb (7=??), `t `spcss`gbd tc hurd krui okk`ht`ce w`ta`e

cursdbvds. Lcst pdcpbd rdhcvdr oek lcst

pdcpbd kc `t ce tad`r cwe. [aot's `e ec woy

soy`ei taot dvdryced sacubk gd dxpdhtdk tc

qu`t ce tad`r cwe oek `e ec woy kde`ds taot

qu`tt`ei `s o aork ta`ei tc kc. [a`s `s nust oe

dlp`r`hob joht. @t `s dvde pcss`gbd taot tacsd

wac qu`t ce tad`r cwe hcubk aovd qu`t

dorb`dr `j tady scuiat prcjdss`ceob adbp. [ad

`lpb`h`t ldssoid `se't taot trdotldet `se't

`lpcrtoet jcr loeye joht `t sacubk

prcgogby gd lokd lcrd ohhdss`gbdgut `t `s

s`lpby o joht taot lcst pdcpbd hurd

tadlsdbvds (Jroefde, 7==96 Gcyk, dt ob.,

7==46 Hcpdrs`ec, dt ob., 7==:6 Kdoe,

Xouekdrs, & Gdbb, 7=??).

[oyc oei lofofofcetrcb so sor`b`

eot`e. @rded so`k. Fuei iuiustuaoe ei

loy fotowoe, foyo. Fuei oyow ei loy

fotowoe, oyow toboio. Fuei goio, ldrce

toycei sob`to fuei iustc, loy porooe, fuei

oyow, lorol`ei koa`boe. Yade osfdk

ogcut tad djjdht`vdedss cj rdaog, sad

oeswdrdk,Eoso toc yoe, a`ek` lc

fo`boeioe loipordaog. Fuei oyow lc

toboio, toboioei ooyow fo. Fuei loy

poe`e`ek`ioe fo. [oboioei foyo yoe ei toc

w`tacut rdaog`b`tot`ce.Jdb`x sddls tc oirddw`ta adr soy`ei, Foa`t oecei bop`t lc so

lio toc poro aul`ei ei tubcei, poi kot`ei

r`e ei cros eo wobo eo yuei toc, sog`a`e eo

eot`ei eoipordaog fo, poi bogos lc,

louukyufoe fo ub`. Kopot lot`goy oei

sor`b` lc. Cc koa`b so sor`b`, wobo eoloe

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lofofopoi-oecei `goei toc kyoe d. Xor`b`

boei.

@j ycu gdb`dvd taot ycu hoe qu`t ceby

gy us`ei o jcrlob prcirol, ycu i`vd

rdspces`g`b`ty tc oe dxtdreob oidet. Xacubkycu jo`b, `t `s tad prcirols joubt oek ect

ycurs. [ad jcrlob prcirols taot wcrf gdst

sddl tc gd tacsd taot hcev`ehd tad

`ek`v`kuob taot ad cr sad hoe suhhddk, oek

tade put tad rdspces`g`b`ty ce tad `ek`v`kuob

(Goekuro, ?000). Yade pdcpbd tofd

rdspces`g`b`ty jcr kds`ie`ei tad`r cwe

prcirols oek suhhddk, tad`r jddb`eis cj sdbj-

djj`hohy `lprcvds. Yade pdcpbds sdbj-

djj`hohy `lprcvds, `t rd`ejcrhds tad`r `e`t`ob

gdb`dj taot tady hoe qu`t.

Yade pdcpbd rdob`zd acw loey

pdcpbd cutircw krui oek obhcacb okk`ht`ce,

tady rdob`sd tad`r cwe okk`ht`ce prcgbdls

ord scbvogbd. Yade tady rdhcie`sd krui oek

obhcacb okk`ht`ce `s o gdaov`cur tady haccsd

tc deioid `e wade b`jd `s ic`ei gokby, tady

ord lcrd b`fdby tc kc scldta`ei tc `lprcvd

tad`r b`jd. Yade pdcpbd gdb`dvd tady hoe rdby

ce tadlsdbvds tc cvdrhcld oe okk`ht`ce,

tady ord lcrd b`fdby tc lcg`b`sd tad

edhdssory `eedr strdeita tc haoeid tad`r

gdaov`cur. Yade pdcpbd gdb`dvd tady hoe

j`ek tad`r cwe woys cut cj okk`ht`ce,

w`tacut cuts`kd adbp, i`vde tad cppcrtue`ty,

tady ord lcrd b`fdby tc wofd jrcl tad`r

krui-`ekuhdk kdspo`r oek gu`bk o b`jd tady

vobud lcrd taoe o b`jd cj kruis obced. Lcst`lpcrtoetby wade pdcpbd gdb`dvd krui

okk`ht`ce `s lo`eby o woy cj b`jd, o

gdaov`cur pdcpbd deioid `e os, o woy tc

hcpd w`ta tad wcrbk-oek ect scldta`ei tady

ord acpdbdssby `lpr`scedk `e-tady loy gd

lcrd `ehb`edk tc lofd tad edhdssory

haoeids ect ceby `e tad`r cwe wcrbk gut `e

tad wcrbk tady b`vd `e. ]dcpbd hoe bdore

waot's edhdssory tc b`vd o ldoe`eijub b`jd

oek put taot fecwbdkid tc pcs`t`vd djjdht.

Ohhcrk`ei tc @rded, ycu nust eddk tchaccsd jcr ycursdbj ce waots gdst jcr ycu.

Kopot ldrce foei strcei w`bb tc j`iat, kue

so poi ``srtruiibd lc. fo`boeioe lc boei

eoloe `hclpord oei icck oek gok. Oec

yuei loioekoei foroeosoe kur`ei so t`ld

eo uekdr fo kruis ot ecrlob eo guaoy lc,

eoguguaoy foei wobo fo so krcio. Puei

oei boei oei fo`boeioe lc `hclpord. Fuei

oec oei los losorop eo pof`rolkol kue.

Kcce po boei loifoforcce fo ei fuei oec

fo ot fuei sooe fo go kopot pulueto.

@rded saordk.

[adld ;> Edw @etdrdsts

Yaot wd ldoe gy edw `etdrdsts `s

tad ko`by oht`v`t`ds cr acgg`ds tad

port`h`poets wdrd obrdoky portof`ei tc ojtdr

tad`r rdhcvdry. [adsd edw `etdrdsts adbp

tadl tc stcp tad`r krui okk`ht`ce qu`tdsuhhdssjubby.

Ohhcrk`ei tc Jroefde (7==9), wade

pdcpbd vobud tad`r wcrf, tad`r jol`by, oek

tad vor`cus oht`v`t`ds tady kc, tady cjtde

rdjro`e jrcl tof`ei kruis tc gdttdr opprdh`otd

tacsd ta`eis. @t `s hcllce tc ador pdcpbd

soy taot tady ord ect ic`ei tc tofd kruis

tce`iat gdhousd tclcrrcw tady woet tc idt

up dorby tc deioid `e o hadr`sadk oht`v`ty. @t`s wade pdcpbd aovd ec ctadr rdosce jcr

b`v`ei taot tady j`bb tad`r b`vds w`ta kruis.

(I`cvozcb`os & Kov`s, 7==46 J`dbks, 7==9)

[acsd pdcpbd wac kc ect aovd pcs`t`vd

ta`eis ce wa`ha tady hoe jchus tad`r

ottdet`ce cr tacsd pdcpbd wac kc ect vobud

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kc`ei tad`r vdry gdst w`bb typ`hobby jobb prdy

tc kruis. Yade pdcpbds b`vds ord j`bbdk w`ta

oht`v`t`ds tady hadr`sa, tady aovd b`ttbd

rdosce jcr tof`ei kruis.

@e ta`s sdht`ce, tad port`h`poets ordobrdoky stort`ei tc sa`jt tad`r ottdet`ce tc

tad`r wcrf oek tad`r jol`by `estdok cj tad`r

krui okk`ht`ce. [ady ord gdi`ee`ei tc

opprdh`otd tad`r b`jd gdttdr gdhousd cj tad

k`jjdrdet ncg oek oht`v`t`ds tady kc. [ady ord

ecw obsc stort`ei tc rdhceedht w`ta tad`r

jol`b`ds gdttdr gy tof`ei hord cj tad f`ks oek

spdek`ei t`ld w`ta tadl.

Os okk`hts rdhcvdr, tady lust bdoretc gd outadet`h `e rdhcvdry. Ect ceby lust o

pdrsce ohhdpt hcevdet`ceob sch`dty `e crkdr

tc lo`eto`e rdhcvdry, gut sch`dty lust

ohhdpt taot pdrsce, os wdbb. Haoeid `e tad

saopd cj rdhcvdry jrcl usd cj kruis `s ect

scldta`ei taot `s v`s`gbd cr cgndht`vd `e tad

sdesd `t hoe gd prcvde. @t `s o hcestruht taot

`s edict`otdk tarcuia `etdroht`ce gdtwdde oe

`ek`v`kuob oek s`ie`j`hoet ctadrs `e o prchdss

cj bccf`ei-iboss rdaog`b`tot`ce (Lorueo,

7==?).

[ad sdbj dvcbvds os edw

h`rhulstoehds, s`tuot`ces, oek ossch`ot`ces

w`ta ctadrs hcld `etc pboy> ]dcpbd oht

ohhcrk`ei tc tad`r `etdrprdtot`ce cj tadsd

dvdets, tad woy tady sdd tadlsdbvds, oek tad

woy tady ta`ef ctadrs w`bb rdoht tc tadl.

([drry, 7==8). [adrdjcrd, uet`b jcrldr

okk`hts ord jcrlobby oek sylgcb`hobby

rdhcie`zdk os suhhdss stcr`ds, tad`r

haoeids loy rdlo`e suspdht tc s`ie`j`hoet

ctadrs oek tc tadlsdbvds (Lorueo, 7==?). @e

ctadr wcrks, port`h`poets aok ect ceby tc

trust tadlsdbvds gut trust taot s`ie`j`hoet

ctadrs wcubk dvdetuobby trust tadl os wdbb.

@t `s ect decuia tc nust soy ec tc kruis.

@estdok, ycu hoe prctdht (oek adob) ycursdbj

jrcl okk`ht`ce gy soy`ei yds tc ctadr

ta`eis. Hubt`votd k`vdrsd `etdrdsts taot

prcv`kd ldoe`ei tc ycur b`jd.

Os @rded so`k, Xugscg boei so

trogoac, ogobo so poi``s`p koa`b so trogoac,

poif`f`poiusop so lio fb`ydetd,

eoisdsdorha ofc ei hb`det fuei s`ec yuei

pwdkd fcei loi`ei prcspdht eo hb`det

ioeue oei i`eowo fc. [rogoac. Eoeiorop.

Puei so poeoirop fc eo yue, e`yofop fc, eo

fo`boeioe fcei loeiyor` yue. Puei

poeiorop eo lofopoitrogoac, lofopoi-

toyc ei edicsyc so sor`b`, yuei oei e`yofop

fc, krdols fc. Pue, eoipurs`id sof`ei

tul`i`b.

[c Oeed, j`ek`ei o ncg `s obrdoky tad

stort tcworks adr rdhcvdry. Tlp`so eo

`yce. ]oi oosowo, ooyus`e oei guaoy,

eoiforcce ei oeof, fo`boeioe

loiaoeopguaoy. Os tadsd port`h`poets

strotdi`zdk tc rdhcvdr, tady s`ie`j`dk taottady obsc aok tc rdgu`bk struhturd `e tad`r

b`vds os tady detdrdk `etc scgdr sch`ob

wcrbks. [ady rdhcie`zdk taot tady eddkdk

obtdreot`vd oht`v`t`ds os edhdssory

hclpcedets jcr rdhcvdry. Xuha oht`v`t`ds

adbpdk tadl rd`etdirotd `etc lo`estrdol

sch`dty. Eoiaoeop ofc ei trogoac, foa`t

oecei trogoac t`eotoeiiop fc,Hobcy so`k.

Fuei oec eof`to lcei iowo`e so bccg ei

pololoaoy, iow`e lc eo boei porolo`wosoe lc oei poiiol`t ei krcio.

Ect ceby k`k tady stort wcrf`ei gut

tady obsc stortdk tc rdhceedht w`ta tad`r

jol`by os wdbb. [ady woetdk tc lofd up jcr

tad bcst t`ld cj tof`ei hord jcr tad`r jol`by,

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dspdh`obby tc tad`r ha`bkrde oek

iroekha`bkrde. Os Gdta stotds, sad rdobby

woets tc gd w`ta tadl. sog`f ofc so goto.

Iustc fc yuei opc fc oboiooe. Fos` fopoi

eofoioeyoe ofc, `rr`togbd ofc. Oycfc ei

goto. Iustc fc, loaob eo loaob fc yuei opc

fc.Nust gd`ei w`ta tad`r jol`by adbps tadl

tc stoy krui-jrdd, suha os taot cj Nohf wac

soys, E`b`goei fc oei sor`b` fc wobo

ofcei i`eowo fuek` ow`toe fc ei

loioioekoei ow`t`e oei gotoei p`eobobof`

fc poro lofo`wos ofc so g`syc.

Os pdcpbd hcld tc gdb`dvd tady hoe

kdvdbcp ctadr woys tc kdob w`ta b`jd `estdokcj rdby`ei ce kruis cr obhcacb, tady io`e

hcej`kdehd `e tad`r og`b`ty tc kdtdrl`ed tad`r

cwe kdst`ey. Os tady hcld tc gdb`dvd

okk`ht`ce aos lcrd tc kc w`ta tad

dev`rceldets tady b`vd `e taoe w`ta tad

kruis tady usd, tady loy jurtadr rdob`sd tady

aovd tad pcwdr tc haoeid tacsd

dev`rceldets `e crkdr tc adbp tadlsdbvds.

Jcr tadl, aov`ei o ncg crrdhceedht`ei w`ta tad`r jol`by wos oe

`lpcrtoet icob `e tad`r ogst`edehd, jcr

dlpcwdrldet `s ogcut bdore`ei tarcuia

kc`ei (Iroet, 7==9), oek suha

ohhclpb`saldets `ehrdosdk tad port`h`poets

sdesd cj sdbj-djj`hohy. Yadtadr `t wos

tarcuia io`e`ei suppcrt jrcl s`ie`j`hoet

ctadrs, lcv`ei owoy jrcl okk`ht`vd

hcllue`t`ds, cr rdgu`bk`ei struhturd tarcuia

vor`cus oht`v`t`ds, tad port`h`poets wdrd

rdkdj`e`ei dxpdr`dehds os tady strotdi`zdk

tad`r rdhcvdr`ds. Os tady rdkdj`edk

dxpdr`dehds, port`h`poets wdrd bdore`ei tc

b`vd oio`e.

K@XHTXX@CE

[a`s stuky o`ls tc fecw acw ced

pdrsce hoe jubby rdhcvdr jrcl krui okk`ht`ce

w`tacut oey jcrlob trdotldet cr lutuob adbp

oek waot lct`votdk tadl tc haoeid. Ydwoet tc fecw tad rdbotdk dlct`ces, ta`ef`ei,

oek scurhd cj lct`vot`ce cj tadsd

`ek`v`kuobs, gut lcrd sc tad cvdrobb

prchdss cj tad`r rdhcvdry oek acw `t hold

tc gd.

Krui okk`ht`ce k`jjdrs jrcl pdrsce

tc pdrsce. [aus, `t oppdors taot ideds, jol`by

oek sch`ob dev`rceldet pboy o rcbd `e krui

okk`ht`ce taot `ehrdosds tad vubedrog`b`ty. Cetad ctadr aoek, pdcpbd suhhdssjubby

cvdrhcld krui okk`ht`ce gy rdpdotdkby

`etdreob`z`ei tad`r cwe kdh`s`ce tc qu`t krui

usd. Hcet`eudk usd jcr tad pdrsce wac `s

okk`htdk tc kruis dvdetuobby cvdrwadbls obb

ospdhts cj tad`r b`jd. Y`ta hcet`eudk usd,

tady bcsd trohf cj tad`r pdrsceob icobs oek

krdols. [ad`r vobuds oek adobta

kdtdr`crotd. Cjtde, tad`r rdbot`cesa`ps w`ta

tad pdcpbd wac lottdr lcst ord sdvdrdk.

]dcpbd wac ord okk`htdk dvdetuobby

jddb hcestoetby cut cj hcetrcb oek hoe ec

bceidr loeoid tad`r cwe b`vds. [ad

krui scce kr`vds tad vdry tacuiats `e tad`r

l`ek. [ady dxpdr`dehd `ehrdos`ei pays`hob

`bbedss os wdbb os dlct`ceob oek ldetob

k`strdss. Dvdetuobby tady obwoys jddb s`hf.

@ek`v`kuobs wac ord okk`htdk gdhcldgurkdedk gy auid j`eoeh`ob hcsts, r`sf cr

bcss cj dlpbcyldet, bcss cj jrddkcl `j

`ehorhdrotdk, oek bcss cj rdbot`cesa`ps w`ta

jol`by cr portedrs. [adrd `s cjtde o

irdot j`eoeh`ob hcst tc tad jol`by oek portedr,

os wdbb os jcr tad usdr. ]dcpbd wac ord

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okk`htdk j`ek tadlsdbvds kc`ei ta`eis tady

wcubk edvdr aovd kced gdjcrd tad`r

okk`ht`ce, tc idt tad lcedy tc hcet`eud

us`ei obhcacb oek kruis. Jol`by oek jr`deks

obsc jddb lcrd cut cj hcetrcb os tady j`ek

tadlsdbvds kc`ei ta`eis tady wcubk edvdr

aovd kced gdjcrd, os tady try dvdryta`ei oek

oeyta`ei tc adbp tad pdrsce wac `s okk`htdk

oek tc stcp tadl jrcl us`ei.

@e tad bost stoids cj okk`ht`ce, loey

`ek`v`kuobs dxpdr`dehd tad st`ilo cj gd`ei

hobbdk o busa, oe okk`ht, cr o bcsdr. ]dcpbd

w`ta okk`ht`ce obwoys aovd o port cj tadl

taot hoet gd eulgdk gy kruis. Oek tady ord

aurt gy aorsa wcrks oek trdotldet.

Dvdetuobby tady loy dvde jddb sdbj k`sko`e

cr aotrdk. Xt`ilo, hclg`edk w`ta obb tad

ediot`vd djjdhts cj us`ei, j`eobby housds

tadl tc stoek up oek soy, @vd aok

decuia.

Jrcl Ibossdrs Hac`hd [adcry, tad

quob`ty wcrbk hceto`es `loids cj tacsd

ta`eis taot lottdrs tc ycu os wdbb os tacsd

ta`eis taot ycu woet taot w`bb gr`ei ycu

aopp`edss (W`hd, 7==06 Xubbc, 7==96

Kovdepcrt, 7=??6 Idrobk`ed, 7=?=). Gdjcrd

tad`r rdhcvdry, tad`r krui cj hac`hd `s `e tad`r

quob`ty wcrbk oek obb tad ta`eis taot usdk tc

gd `lpcrtoet tc tadl ord ceby voiud `loids

cj tad`r quob`ty wcrbk (W`hd, 7==0). [adl,

oek ceby tadl, hoe tofd tad `loid cj kruis

cut cj tad`r quob`ty wcrbk. [ady eddk tc

rdpbohd `t w`ta scldta`ei dbsd taot w`bb i`vdtadl aopp`edss oek gdttdr rdbot`cesa`ps.

[ad sdbj dvcbvds os edw

h`rhulstoehds, s`tuot`ces, oek ossch`ot`ces

w`ta ctadrs hcld `etc pboy> ]dcpbd oht

ohhcrk`ei tc tad`r `etdrprdtot`ce cj tadsd

dvdets, tad woy tady sdd tadlsdbvds, oek tad

woy tady ta`ef ctadrs w`bb rdoht tc tadl.

([drry, 7==8). [adrdjcrd, uet`b jcrldr

okk`hts ord jcrlobby oek sylgcb`hobby

rdhcie`zdk os suhhdss stcr`ds, tad`r

haoeids loy rdlo`e suspdht tc s`ie`j`hoet

ctadrs oek tc tadlsdbvds (Lorueo, 7==?). @e

ctadr wcrks, port`h`poets aok ect ceby tc

trust tadlsdbvds gut trust taot s`ie`j`hoet

ctadrs wcubk dvdetuobby trust tadl os wdbb.

[ady scce rdob`zd taot tady rdobby

eddk tc haoeid tad`r b`vds ecw `e crkdr tc

bdovd okk`ht`ce gda`ek oek tc detdr

rdhcvdry. @e crkdr tc oht`votd suha haoeids,

tad port`h`poets lust josa`ce edw

pdrspdht`vds oek sch`ob wcrbk `evcbvdldets

wadrd`e tad okk`ht `kdet`ty `s dxhbukdk cr

krolot`hobby kdprdh`otdk (Iroet, 7==96

G`dreohf`, ?01:). [ad cr`i`eob ncy oek

dhstosy tady jddb sbcwby gdhold oicey oek

kdspo`r jcr tad port`h`poets. [ady wdrd

jddb`ei uewdbb oek ueaoppy w`ta o

k`l`e`sadk sdesd cj wdbb-gd`ei, taus adbp`ei

tadl hrdotd edw vdrs`ces cj tadlsdbvds taot

wdrd luha lcrd kds`rogbd taoe tad cbk ceds.O haoeid `e ceds b`jd, o sch`ob hr`s`s, cr o

bcss cj scld typd loy hrdotd gcta upadovob

oek cppcrtue`ty. Xuha dxpdr`dehds rupturd

rcut`eds oek b`vds oek prcv`kd dssdet`ob

rdkdj`e`t`ces cj tad sdbj.

Cehd port`h`poets gdhold oword cj

tad eddk tc oht`votd rdhcvdry, tade, tady aok

tc strotdi`zd tc put `t `e pbohd. Lorueo

(7==?) oriuds taot haoeid jcr `ek`v`kuobs `slcrd taoe o k`shcet`euoehd cj uekds`rogbd

hcekuht. [acsd wac aovd rdjcrldk (cr

hdosdk us`ei sugstoehds) aovd aok tc

rdb`equ`sa oe cbk sdbj oek `evdet o edw ced.

Ad jurtadr oriuds taot oe `ek`v`kuob `s truby

rdjcrldk jrcl gok aog`ts/gdaov`crs wade

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?9

sad/ad aos ohqu`rdk edwpurpcsds, o jrdsa

sdt cj ldoe`eis oek o sot`sjy`ei edw rcbd

(Lorueo 7==?) .

[ad`r ydors cj krui usd aovd jccbdk

tad`r quob`ty wcrbk `etc gdb`dv`ei taot tadygr`ei aopp`edss wade ohtuobby, tady ord ceby

i`v`ei tad pdrsce sacrt-b`vdk aopp`edss.

[rud, pbdosurd loy gd lcrd `etdesd taoe

aopp`edss gut aopp`edss `s tad bceidr bost`ei

cj tad twc. Oek tad fdy tc aopp`edss `s

aov`ei ldoe`eijub rdbot`cesa`ps w`ta

`lpcrtoet pdcpbd `e cur b`vds (W`hd, 7==0).

]ort`h`poets aok tc oht`votd tad`r haoeids gy

dstogb`sa`ei cr rddstogb`sa`ei ldoe`eijub

rdbot`cesa`ps w`ta `ek`v`kuobs wacsd b`vds

wdrd crioe`zdk orcuek scgr`dty (Lh@etcsa

oek LhFdioedy 7==76 ]cbh`e, dt ob., 7=?=6

Iroet, 7==9). [a`s oht`ce `evcbvdk deioi`ei

w`ta s`ie`j`hoet ctadrs `e k`jjdrdet sch`ob

dev`rceldets.

Os port`h`poets `bbustrotdk, jcrldr

krui-us`ei dev`rceldets hceto`edk pctdet`ob

aozorks tc rdhcvdry. [ad`r scbut`ces wdrd tc

rdlcvd tadlsdbvds jrcl suha r`sfs gy

putt`ei k`stoehd, gcta sch`ob oek pays`hob,

gdtwdde tadlsdbvds oek jcrldr krui-us`ei

hclpoe`ces, waot Dgouia (?011) oriuds `s o

prchdss cj k`sdeioidldet. Jurtadr,

port`h`poets wdrd gdi`ee`ei o prchdss cj

k`s`kdet`j`hot`ce (Dgouia, ?011), taot `s,

tad`r jcrldr rcbds os okk`hts gdi`e tc sa`jt

oek haoeid. [ady gdi`e tc ta`ef cj

tadlsdbvds oport jrcl tad pdcpbd tady wdrd`e tad prdv`cus rcbd. ]ort`h`poets eddkdk tc

haoeid waot tady aok gdde kc`ei (tad`r

okk`ht`ce) gdhousd `t wos ec bceidr wcrf`ei

jcr tadl.

[ad rdhcvdry prchdss `s ced cj

hcestruht`ce oek rdhcestruht`ce cj ceds

`kdet`ty oek rdsubtoet v`dw cj tad wcrbk

(Iroet, 7==9). O edw kdvdbcpldetob

struhturd, ced gosdk ce o edw `kdet`ty, `s

gd`ei jcrldk. ]dcpbd `e rdhcvdry ord

dxpdr`deh`ei o edw struhturd cj sdbj-

fecwbdkid. Luha cj tad okk`hts

`etdrprdtot`ces cj sdbvds oek tad wcrbk ec

bceidr j`t6 tadrdjcrd, gcta lust gd

rdhcestruhtdk. Okk`hts aovd tc gdi`e tc

`etdrprdt tadlsdbvds k`jjdrdetby obcei w`ta

s`ie`j`hoet ctadrs `e tad`r b`vds (Iroet, 7==96

]cbh`e, dt ob., 7=?=6 Jroefde, 7==9). [a`s

rdstruhtur`ei `evcbvdk o sdesd cj tadl

cwe`ei tad`r post. Obb cj tadl tobfdk

ogcut acw, `e tad`r sdbj-haoeid, tady gdioetc b`fd tadlsdbvds lcrd. Os tady obb

stotd, tad`r `kdet`ty haoeidk. [ady b`fd

tadlsdbvds tckoy. [adyrd ect o gok pdrsce

oek tady aovd o wacbd edw cutbccf ce b`jd

ecw. [ady nust io`edk o wacbd edw rdspdht

jcr tadlsdbvds. [ady aovd lcrd sdbj-dstddl.

@j ycu ta`ef taot w`bbpcwdr obced w`bb

idt ycu hbdoe oek scgdr, ycu w`bb ect gd

suhhdssjub. Ohhcrk`ei tc W`hd (7==0),w`bbpcwdr kcds pboy o hdrto`e port `e

okk`ht`ce rdhcvdry, gut `t `s luha lcrd taoe

taot. [ad`r kds`rd jcr scgr`dr`ty lust gd

strceidr, cr ot bdost nust os strcei, taoe ycur

kds`rd tc usd kruis. [a`s loy jbuhtuotd cehd

tady stortdk. [ady lust gd w`bb`ei tc poy

tarcuia scld pays`hob oek dlct`ceob t`lds

gy hcetrcbb`ei tad`r gdaov`curs oek tacuiats.

@t wcet gd taot tcc dosy. @e crkdr tc aovd `t,

ycu aovd tc kds`rd `t. Pcu aovd tc aovd tadjbcw (obhcacbrdaog.hcl, 7=?=). Pcu aovd

tc aovd ycur cwe sdt cj k`rdht`ce oek gd

a`iaby lct`votdk oek jchusdk ce tad tosf ot

aoek.

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?1

[ad`r `etr`es`h lct`vot`ce `s dssdet`ob

tc tad port`h`poets wdbb gd`ei gdhousd `t

deogbds tadl tc jubj`b tad tardd `eeotd

psyhacbci`hob eddks. [adsd eddks `ehbukd

tad eddk jcr hclpdtdehd, outcecly oek

rdbotdkedss oek tady jcrl tad gos`s cj o

lckdb fecwe os Xdbj Kdtdrl`eot`ce [adcry

(XK[) os prcpcsdk gy Kdh` oek Wyoe

(?00?). Jubj`bldet cj tad tardd gos`h eddks `s

ossch`otdk w`ta dssdet`ob, oidet`h gdaov`cur

wa`ha `s haorohtdr`sdk gy `etr`es`hobby

lct`votdk, sdbj-rdiubotdk, hur`cus, prcoht`vd

oek `etdet`ceob deioidldet `e oht`v`t`ds.

XK[ dxol`eds tad hac`hds pdcpbd lofd

w`tacut oey dxtdreob `ejbudehd cr`etdrjdrdehd oek tad kdirdd tc wa`ha oe

`ek`v`kuobs gdaov`cur `s sdbj-lct`votdk oek

sdbj-kdtdrl`edk (Kdh` & Wyoe, ?00?).

Xot`sjoht`ce w`ta oek pursu`t cj icob-

k`rdhtdk eddk jubj`bldet hoe deaoehd

oht`v`ty deioidldet oek pdrsceob ircwta

(Kdh` & Wyoe, ?00?).

Deioi`ei `e hdrto`e oht`v`t`ds suha os

wcrf`ei cr spdek`ei t`ld w`ta tad jol`by,deogbds tadl tc j`ek scldta`ei cj vobud `e

tad`r b`vds oek i`vds tadl o sdesd cj hcetrcb

cvdr tad`r kdst`e`ds. @t wos cgv`cus kur`ei

tad `etdrv`dws taot tady tobfdk ogcut tad`r

pboes os b`edk w`ta`e o scgdr sch`ob wcrbk

oek w`ta hbdor dyds tc tad`r juturds. [ad

pcssdss`ce cj suha iovd r`sd tc o sdesd cj

hcej`kdehd oek sdbj-djj`hohy pdrhdpt`ce jcr

tad port`h`poets (Goekuro ?000). ]ort`h`poets

wdrd vdry oword taot struiibds oekk`bdllos w`bb pdrs`st `e rdhcvdrdk b`vds, gut

tady ecw aok tad fecwbdkid taot tady eddk

tc b`vd scgdr b`vds. Cvdrobb, port`h`poets wdrd

ec bceidr ojro`k cj tad`r sdbvds oek tady aok

lcrd cj o haoehd tc gd suhhdssjub `e tad`r

dekdovcurs.

Loey port`h`poets ldet`cedk taot

tady wdrd ecw `e hcetrcb cj tad`r b`vds6

tady wdrd ecw `e haorid. Cvdrobb, tad

port`h`poets eorrot`vds sacwdk taot tad`r

pcwdr ecw wos irdotdr taoe tad pcwdr kruis

aok aok cvdr tad`r b`vds ot ced t`ld.

]ort`h`poets aok io`edk tad`r pdrsceob pcwdr

gohf. Os wd b`stdedk tc tadsd pdcpbds

eorrot`vds, wd jdbt os `j tady aok oe

cgb`iot`ce tc tad`r sdbvds tc stoy hbdoe, tc

stoy scgdr. Jcr tad port`h`poets, tad`r

okk`ht`ce oek rdhcvdry prchdssds aok gdde

orkucus ncuredys, ncuredys cj hcl`ei gohf

tc ecrlob. [ad fecwbdkid io`edktarcuia tadsd ncuredys prcv`kdk tad

port`h`poets ect ceby w`ta edw sdbvds, gut

obsc w`ta w`skcl, wa`ha deogbdk tadl tc

lcvd jcrwork os tady hcestruhtdk edw b`vds.

Cvdrobb, tad port`h`poets `e ta`s stuky ord

pctdet`ob `eecvotcrs, `evdetcrs, oek hrdotcrs

cj edw jcrls cj hcekuht jcr tadlsdbvds.

Xtrdeitas & B`l`tot`ces

@e idedrob, luha aos gdde wr`ttde ce

tad pottdres cj krui usd oek tad vory`ei

johtcrs taot `lpdb ctadrs `etc okk`ht`ce oek

sugsdqudetby `etc rdhcvdry. Acwdvdr, tadrd

`s b`l`tdk `ejcrlot`ce ce tacsd wac

loeoids tc rdhcvdr w`tacut rdaog`b`tot`ce cr

jcrlob trdotldet. [ad hurrdet stuky `s usdjub

`e hcetr`gut`ei tc tad idedrob gcky cj

fecwbdkid `e ta`s ordo. @t w`bb obsc gdedj`t

oek adbp tad juturd rdsdorhadr os tad`r iu`kd.

[ad stuky hoe obsc cpde `e tad kdvdbcpldet

cj ta`s stuky. @t `s k`jjdrdet jrcl oey ctadr

stuk`ds, jcr `t jchusds lcrd ce tad `etdreob

lct`vot`ce cj tad pdrsce oek ect tad dxtdreob

lct`vot`ce lcst rdsdorhadrs usd.

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?0

Gut sdvdrob b`l`tot`ces wdrd `lpb`h`t

`e tad stuky. J`rst, wd ossdssdk doha

port`h`poet us`ei cur `etdrv`dw iu`kd taot

deogbds us tc cgto`e cur kds`rdk rdsubts.

Xdhcek, cur stuky jchusdk ceby `e tad post

dxpdr`dehds cj tad port`h`poets wac

uekdriced krui okk`ht`ce oek rdhcvdrdk

us`ei lct`vot`ei johtcrs. J`eobby, wd aok o

slobb solpbd cj port`h`poets taot b`l`tdk cur

pcwdr tc stuky ctadr johtcrs taot adbp tadl

`e rdhcvdry.

Ojtdr hcekuht`ei tad stuky, tad

rdsdorhadrs suiidst tad jcbbcw`ei jcr juturd

stuk`ds rdiork`ei tad tcp`h. [ad rdsdorhadrs

lust prcpcsd o w`kdr shcpd cj solpbds sc

taot `t hcubk hcetr`gutd lcrd jcr o hcehrdtd

gos`s jcr idedrob`zot`ce oek jcr o luha

tacrcuia uekdrstoek`ei cj tad tcp`h oek tad

port`h`poets dxpdr`dehds uekdr tad krui

rdhcvdry oek `etdreob lct`vot`ce. Tsd cj

hosd stuky wcubk gd rdhclldekdk jcr

jurtadr stuky, jcr `t dxhdbs ot gr`ei`ei tad

rdokdrs oe uekdrstoek`ei cj o hclpbdx `ssud

cr cgndht oek hoe dxtdek dxpdr`dehd cr okk

strdeita tc waot `s obrdoky fecwe tarcuia

prdv`cus rdsdorha. @t obsc dlpaos`zds

kdto`bdk hcetdxtuob oeobys`s cj o b`l`tdk

eulgdr cj dvdets cr hcek`t`ce oek tad`r

rdbot`cesa`ps

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7=

WDJDWDEHDX

O Hcllce ]urpcsd> Wdhcvdry `e Juturd Ldetob Adobta Xdrv`hds. (7==9). attp>//www.sh`d.

cri.uf/pugb`hot`ces/pcs`t`cepopdrs/pp=1.pkj Wdtr`dvdk Nued ?7, 7=?7

Okols, ]. & Yorrde, A. (7=?=). Wdspcek`ei tc tad W`sfs Ossch`otdk Y`ta tad Wdbopsd cj

Wdhcvdr`ei Xtojj Ldlgdrs Y`ta`e Okk`ht`ce Xdrv`hds. Xugstoehd Tsd & L`susd, 7=?=, Zcb. ;4 @ssud

:, p04?-0:9

Onzde, @. & J`sagd`e, L. (7==4). [ad @ejbudehd Cj Ott`tukd ce Gdaov`cr. Edw Pcrf> LhIrowa`bb

Obb Ogcut Okk`ht`ce. (7==1). attp>//www.ldk`hobedwstckoy.hcl/`ejc/okk`ht`ce/ Wdtr`dvdk Nued ?7,

7=?7

Go`egr`kid,H. (7=?7). @etr`es`h Lct`vot`ce. attp>//i`jtdkf`ks.ogcut.hcl/ck/ibcssory/i/

`etr`es`h.atl Wdtr`dvdk Nuby 8=, 7=?7

Goekuro, O. (?001). Adobta ]rclct`ce jrcl tad ]drspdht`vd cj Xch`ob Hcie`t`vd [adcry. ]syhacbciyoek Adobta, 7==1, Zcb ?8, p:78-:;0

Goekuro, O. (?000). O sch`chcie`t`vd oeobys`s cj sugstoehd ogusd> oe oidet`h pdrspdht`vd.

]syhacbci`hob Xh`dehd, ?000, Zcb. ?=, @ssud 8, p7?;-7?9

Goekuro, O. (7==:). [cwork o psyhacbciy cj auloe oidehy. Ossch`ot`ce jcr ]syhacbci`hob Xh`dehd,

7==:, Zcb. ?, @ssud 7, p?:;-?1=

G`dreohf` ]. ?01:. ]otawoys jrcl adrc`e okk`ht`ce> Wdhcvdry w`tacut trdotldet. ]a`bokdbpa`o>

[dlpbd Te`vdrs`ty ]rdss.

Gbol`ei Nust`j`ds Pcur Cwe Gok Gdaov`cr. (7=?=).attp>//www.ececesdesdsdbjkdjdesd.

hcl/gboldGokGdaov`cr.atl Wdtr`dvdk Nued ?7, 7=?7

Gced, W. dt ob (7=??). B`vdk Dxpdr`dehd cj Zcbot`bd Xugstoehd L`susd. XugstoehdTsd & L`susd,

Loy7=?? Xuppbdldet ?, Zcb. ;:, p??0-?79

Gcced, K. (7=??). Losbcw's A`drorhay cj Eddks gy Kdbgdrt Gcced. 4>=?

Gcyk, X., [osaf`e, K., Audst`s, L., Ad`saloe, X., Kdrloek, N., X`llces, L., Icrdb`hf, K. (7==4).

Xtrotdi`ds jcr _u`tt`ei olcei Ece-trdotldet-sddf`ei Lor`nuoeo Xlcfdrs. [ad Oldr`hoe Ncureob ce

Okk`ht`ces, 7==4, Zcb. ?;, @ssud ?, p.84-;7

Horrcbb, H. (7===). Kruis `e Lckdre Xch`dty (4tadk.). Gcstce> LhIrow-A`bb.

Hbcuk, Y. & Iroej`dbk, W. (7==1). Hcehdptuob`z`ei rdhcvdry hop`tob> dxpoes`ce cj o tadcrdt`hob

hcehdpt. Xugstoehd Tsd & L`susd, 7==1, Zcb. ;8 @ssud ?7/?8, p?09?-?01:.

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7?

Hceedr, G., Bceisacrd, K., oek Oeib`e, L.K. (7==0). Lckdb`ei Ott`tukd tcworks Krui [rdotldet>

[ad Wcbd cj @etdreob Lct`vot`ce, Dxtdreob ]rdssurd, oek Krolot`h Wdb`dj. Ncureob cj Gdaov`crob

Adobta Xdrv`hds & Wdsdorha, Opr7==0, Zcb.8: @ssud 7, p?4=-?41.

Hac`hd [adcry attp>//de.w`f`pdk`o.cri/w`f`/Hac`hdStadcry Wdtr`dvdk Nuby ?9, 7=?7

Hcpdrs`ec, L., dt ob (7==:). _u`tt`ei Olcei Ece-[rdotldet-Xddf`ei Lor`nuoeo Tsdrs> Wdosces oek

Haoeids `e Ctadr Xugstoehd Tsd. [ad Oldr`hoe Ncureob ce Okk`ht`ces, 7==:, Zcb. ?4, @ssud ;,

p7098=7

Kovdepcrt, G. (7=??). Oe @etrckuht`ce tc Hac`hd [adcry attp>//www.gruhdkovdepcrt.

hcl/quob`ty-wcrbk.atlb Wdtr`dvdk Nuby ?9, 7=?7

Kdoe, O., Xouekdrs, N., oek Gdbb, N. (7=??). Adrc`e Tsd, Kdpdekdehd, oek Ott`tukds tc [rdotldet `e

Ece-[rdotldet-Xddf`ei Adrc`e Tsdrs> O ]`bct Xtuky. Xugstoehd Tsd & L`susd, 7=??, Zcb. ;:, @ssud

;, p;?9;74

Kdh`, D.B. (?097). Djjdhts cj dxtdreobby ldk`otdk rdworks ce `etr`es`h lct`vot`ce. Ncureob cj

]drsceob`ty oek Xch`ob ]syhacbciy, ?097, Zcb. 77, @ssud, p??8-?7=.

Kdh` D. & Wyoe W (?00?). O lct`vot`ceob opprcoha tc sdbj> @etdirot`ce `e pdrsceob`ty. @e W.

K`destg`dr, Edgrosfo sylpcs`ul ce Lct`vot`ce> ]drspdht`vds ce lct`vot`ce. B`ehcbe> Te`vdrs`ty cj

Edgrosfo ]rdss.

Kcufos, E & Hubbde, N. Wdhcvdrdk okk`hts wcrf`ei `e tad okk`ht`ce j`dbk> p`tjobbs tc sugstoehd ogusd

rdbopsd. Kruis> Dkuhot`ce, ]rdvdet`ce & ]cb`hy, Nue7=?=, Zcb. ?9 @ssud 8, p7?:-78?

Krui Okk`ht`ce `e tad ]a`b`pp`eds (7==1) attp>//obhcacbrdaog.hcl/`etdreot`ceob-rdaog/obhcacb-rdaog-

pa`b`pp`eds/krui-okk`ht`ce-`e-tad-pa`b`pp`eds/ Wdtr`dvdk Nued ?7, 7=?7

Krui oek Obhcacb @ejcrlot`ceKde`ob (7=?7) attp>//www.didtic`ei.hcl/kruiSokk`ht`ce/

kde`ob.osp Wdtr`dvdk Nued ?7, 7=?7

Dgouia AWJ. (?011). Gdhcl`ei oe dx> [ad prchdss cj rcbd-dx`t. Ha`hoic> @bb`ec`s, Te`vdrs`ty cj

Ha`hoic ]rdss.

Deis, W. (?090). Wdspces`gbd Krui oek Obhcacb Tsd. Edw Pcrf> LhL`bboe.

J`dbks, W. (?004). Kruis `e ]drspdht`vd (7ekdk.). Lok`sce, Y`shces`e> Grcwe & Gdehalorf.

J`dst, N. & J`dst, I. (7==0). [adcr`ds cj ]drsceob`ty (9tadk.). Edw Pcrf> LhIrow A`bb

J`eboy, B. & Gobb`eidr, H. (7==:). _uob`tot`vd Wdsdorha jcr Obb`dk Adobta ]rcjdss`ceobs> Haobbdei`ei

Hac`hds. Yaurr ]ugb`sadrs, Ha`hadstdr

Jbcw tadcry (7=?7) attp>//dkutdhaw`f`.ue`id.ha/de/JbcwStadcry Wdtr`dvdk Nuby 79, 7=?7

Jroefde, W. (7==9). Auloe Lct`vot`ce (:tadk.). ]oh`j`h Ircvd> Grccfs/Hcbd.

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77

Jrcl Opotay tc Jbcw `e Krui Okk`ht`ce (7=?=)attp>//obhcacbrdaog.hcl/obhcacb-rdaog/jrcl-opotay-

tc-jbcw/ Wdtr`dvdk Nuby ?9, 7=?7

Idrobk`ed. (7=?=). Hac`hd [adcry> [ad _uob`ty Ycrbk attp>//psykci.hcl/tad-quob`ty-wcrbk/

Wdtr`dvdk Nuby ?9, 7=?7

I`cvozcb`os, [., oek Kov`s, ]. (7==4). Lotha`ei [adropdut`h @etdrvdet`ces tc Krui oek Obhcacb

Ogusdrs Xtoid cj Lct`vot`ce> [ad Hb`dets ]drspdht`vd.Hcuesdbb`ei ]syhacbciy _uortdrby, Xdp7==4,

Zcb. ?1 @ssud 8, p?9?-?17, ?7p.

Iroet, N. (7==9). Wurob Ycldes Xtcr`ds cj Wdhcvdry Jrcl Okk`ht`ce. Okk`ht`ceWdsdo.rha &

[adcry, Cht7==9, Zcb. ?4 @ssud 4, p47?-4;?, 7?p

Iros`ei, F., Lotaur, K., & Kdscuzo, H. (7=?=). Yr`ttde Dlct`ceob Dxprdss`ce Kur`ei

Wdhcvdry.Xugstoehd Tsd & L`susd, 7=?=, Zcb. ;4 @ssud 9/1, p?7=?-?7?4

Aobb, H., B`ekzdy, I., Holpgdbb, N. (?001). [adcr`ds cj ]drsceob ty (;tadk.). Edw Pcrf> Ncae Y`bdy

& Xces, @eh.

Aowcrta, I. (?01;). Xch`ob wcrf rdsdorha, proht`hd, oek porok`ils. Xch`ob Xdrv`hd Wdv`dw, ?01;,

Zcb 41, p8;8849.

Adrideaoae, G.W. & Cbsce, L. (7==9). Oe @etrckuht`ce tc [adcr`ds cj Bdore`ei 9taDk`t`ce (9tadk.).

Edw Ndrsdy> ]dorsce, Dkuhot`ce Xcuta Os`o ]td Btk.

A`bbdr, L., Eordv`h, D., Ydgstdr, N.L., Wcsde, ]., Xtotce, L., Bdufdjdbk, H., Iorr`ty, J., oek Foyc, W.

(7==0). ]rcgbdl Xdvdr`ty oek Lct`vot`ce jcr [rdotldet `e @ehorhdrotdk Xugstoehd Ogusdrs.

Xugstoehd Tsd & L`susd, 7==0,Zcb. ;; @ssud ?, p71-;?.

Fob`vos, ]. oek Zcbfcw, E. (7==4). [ad Edurob Gos`s cj Okk`ht`ce>O ]otacbciy cj Lct`vot`ce oek

Hac`hd. Ol N ]syha`otry, 7==4, Zcb. ?:7 @ssud 1, p?;=8?;?8

Fcrhao, W., ]cbh`e, K., Gcek, N., Bopp, Y., Iobbcwoy, I. (7=??). Xugstoehd Tsd Oek Lct`vot`ce> O

Bcei`tuk`eob ]drspdht`vd. [ad Oldr`hoe Ncureob cj Krui oek Obhcacb Ogusd, 7=??, Zcb. 89 @ssud ?,

p;1-48

Bo`, D. (7=??). Lct`vot`ce> O B`tdroturd Wdv`dw. attp>//www.pdorsceossdssldets.hcl/

ao`/`loids/tlrs/Lct`vot`ceSWdv`dwSj`eob.pkj Wdtr`dvdk Nuby ?=, 7=?7

Boukdt, O., Gdhfdr, N., oek Ya`td, Y. (7==0). Kcet Yoeeo Ic [arcuia [aot Lokedss Ec Lcrd>_uob`ty cj B`jd Xot`sjoht`ce os ]rdk`htcr cj Xusto`edk Wdl`ss`ce jrcl @bb`h`t Krui L`susd. Xugstoehd

Tsd & L`susd, 7==0, Zcb. ;; @ssud 7, p779-747

Bcjboek, N. (?09:). Kc`ei sch`ob b`jd> [ad quob`tot`vd stuky cj auloe `etdroht`ce `e eoturob sdtt`eis.

Edw Pcrf> Ncae Y`bdy & Xces.

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Lorueo X. (7==?). Lof`ei icck> Acw dx-hcev`hts rdjcrl oek rdgu`bk tad`r b`vds. Yosa`eitce, KH>

Oldr`hoe

]syhacbci`hob Ossch`ot`ce.

Lh@etcsa N, LhFdioedy E. (7==7). Gdot`ei tad kroice> [ad rdhcvdry jrcl kdpdekdet krui usd.

Aorbcw, Deiboek>]rdet`hd-Aobb.

LhWcy, W. (?004). _uob`tot`vd Wdsdorha attp>//www.uehp.dku/acld/lorsce/quob`tot`vd

Srdsdorha.atlb Wdtr dvdk Nuby 70, 7=?7

Lct`vot`ce oek Hac`hd [adcry (7=?=) attp>//obhcacbrdaog.hcl/obhcacb-rdaog/lct`vot`ce-oek-hac`hd-

tadcry/ Wdtr`dvdk Nuby ?9, 7=?7

Lydrs, K. (7=?=). Xch`ob ]syhacbciy (?=tadk.). Edw Pcrf> LhIrowa`bb.

Eovoroteol, Z. oek F`e, J. (?004). Wdpcrt cj tad Os`oe Lubt`h`ty Dp`kcl`cbciy Ycrfircup ?004.

Loboys`o> Eot`ceob Hdetdr jcr Krui Wdsdorha.

Edwtce, dt ob (7==0) [adcr`ds cj Okk`ht`ce> Ldtaolpadtol`ed TsdrsDxpboeot`ces jcr Hcet`eu`ei

Krui Tsd oek Wdbopsd. Oldr`hoe Ncureob ce Okk`ht`ces, Nub7==0, Zcb. ?1 @ssud ;, p70;-8==

]cbh`e, K., Iobbcwoy, I., & Irddej`dbk, [. (7==:). Ldosur`ei hcejrcetot`ce kur`ei rdhcvdry jrcl

okk`ht`ce. Xugstoehd Tsd & L`susd, 7==:, Zcb. ;? @ssud 8, p8:0-807.

]cbh`e, K., dt ob. (7=?=). Wdhcvdry Jrcl Okk`ht`ce `e [wc [ypds cj Xcgdr B`v`ei.

W`hd, L. (7==0). O Hac`hd [adcry Opprcoha tc Krui oek Obhcacb Ogusd.

attp>//gccfs.iccibd.hcl.pa/gccfs3`k [ad hosd jcr eoturob`st`h

ldtacks. Ncureob cj Xch`ob Ydbjord, Zcb ; @ssud 78, p??0?7:.

[drry H. (7==8). [ad jdbbos> Cvdrhcl`ei pr`sce oek okk`ht`ce. Gdblcet, HO> Yokswcrta/[aclsce

Bdore`ei.

[roha`l, Y. (7==7). Wdsdorha Ldtacks, Fecwbdkid Gosd attp>//oeotclyjohts.hcl/

Wdsdorha/WdsdorhaLdtacksFecwbdkidGosd.pkj Wdtr`dvdk Nuby 8=, 7=?7

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X[O[DLDE[ [OGBD

C]DEEDXX [C HAOEID

OEEDEccei iustc fc eoei oyus`e oei guaoy fc, eofopoiosowo eo ofc loyyy potutueiuoe eo yuei guaoy fcfos` ecce wobo d koboio boei oec ecce d s`id boei susueck boei ofc so oics, pdrc eioyce sydlprd loy

lio oeof eo ofc fo`boeioe eo `t`i`b poro so lio oeof fc. (]oid 7>b`ed 84-89)Xo sor`b` fc boei (]oid 7>b`ed ;1)A`ek` fo`boeioe fos` d l`slcei s`p fc boei k`e eoiturc sof`e, s`p fc r`e oei loipopogoic e`yoe eo oa

t`i`b eo, tolo eo, eo tc eo yuei rdob`ty,aorop`e lc eo. (]oid 7>b`ed47-4;)

Lotoiob goic lofob`lutoe fo`boeioe so aorop lc lof`f`to lc l`slc fos` louukycf fo d, poibobogoelc yce. (]oid 8>b`ed :8-:;)Fo`boeioe loi`ei lotopoei fo, a`ek` gosto gosto poiaorop so poip`i`b eyoe. (]oid 8>b`ed 1?)Aowof fc tc, kobo fc tc d. Fulgoio, sor`b` fc tc d. ]rcuk po eio ofc d, poroei ioeue. Eoijchus boei of

so pol`byo fc, cc ioeue. Cfoy eo yue, t`e`i`b fc eo.

GD[A Yobo eoloe. Fopoi i`eustc, foyo. Foyo fuei foyo. Oycfc eo, oycfc eo iulol`t. [oiob fc eieofog`boeiic kyoe d. t`i`b eo. a`i`t boei ?4 ydors. [`ro-t`ro, loy saogu ofc so foloy. Gosto ofc loy pdrecce, saogu boei ei saogu. D oycfc eo. (]oid 7>b`ed 94-99)

Obol lc ecce, sog` fc po eio foy dkky, poeoy po oei iol`t fc, sog` fc po foy Dkky, Ky,oec lc eo eofc, pordaog lc eo fc. ]drc sog` eyo sof`e fuei iustc lc tul`i`b, eosoyc r`e yoe. Fos` loloyo,

popordaog, poibogos lc, ioiol t fo ub`. C k`go, eososofotowoe pobo, so sor`b` lc. Oei poifofooec fc rso buior eol`e, gulogob`f r`e so kot` d. tul`t`f`l k`e d, yuei eordrdaog. Gosto oei obol fc boei, fueiiustc lcei tul`i`b, eososoyc r`e yoe so sor`b` lc.

HOBCP wobo ofc r`e, sor`b` fc eo r`e. Puei guekcb sof`e ei lio gorfoko, trcpo t`i`boe lc eo yoe woboeiloeiyoyor` kye. (]oid ?>b`ed 89-81)

Wdaog3 A`ek`, fuso sor`b` boei toboio. (]oid ?> b`ed ;7)

KCBBP Oy so sor`b` fc, oy wobo, fuso boei ofc. (]oid 7>b`ed ::)A`ek` eoloe, a`ek` ofc eoa`ropoe gosto gosto eoso sor`b` lc yoe poi s`eog` lc oyow lc eo eoso yoe.(]oid 8>b`ed 04-0:)

Yobo t`e`i`b fc boei, t`e`i`b fc boei gosto. (]oid 8>b`ed 1;)Cc, gosto loy bofos fo ei gosto lobofos oei poei hcetrcb Lc. (]oid 8>b`ed 01)

so rdaog3 K` ofc eoe`e`wobo kyoe d. eoig`g`ioy s`bo ei iolut, fosc eio boei poroei so eof`to fc, eoso tyoe d. hcetrcb fo boei. soyoei boei i`eostcs, gogob`f fo r`e eoloe pofo.

DW@H A`ek` , so sor`b` fc boei . (]oid ?>b`ed 7:)

Oyue eio poro loigoic guaoy fc. (]oid ?>b`ed 7:)A`ek` ,sor`b` fc boei. (]oid ?>b`ed 71)

Kopot lotopoei s`yo ,poe`e`ek`ioe. (]oid 7>b`ed 4:)Eioyce da `wos eoboei toboio foa`t eo yoyo`e fo, a`ek` fo eo t t`f`l. (]oid 7>b`ed :?)lorol` eo fcei eof`to r`tc eo eoipordaog topcs gulob`f k`e. K` ofc eoe`e`wobo kyoe fos` p`eotueoyoe f

so sor`b` fc eo foa`t wobo ofcei rdaog, iulob`ei ofc.

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JDB@Q A`ek` eoloe tctobby bubcei. Puei oec fc boei eo gofo a`ek` fc eo lop`i`boe yuei sor`b` fc foyo t`e`i`bofc, s`eog` fc so sor`b` fc eo `t`i`b. (]oid ?, b`ed ?0-7=)

eofoyoeoe fc eoloe, koa`b wobo ofcei eosoaoei lofofotubcei so ioeyoei poeoace (poid 7, b`ed ;7-;Teoei ueo poro so sor`b` fc eo k`e d, koa`b wobo eoloe ofcei a`e`eioe ei tubcei eo gosto eof`to fc eo

boei so sor`b` fc eo iustc fc eoei loigoic, tul`i`b so poikokruis. (poid 7, b`ed :0-9?)Yobo eoloe, sor`b`ei oec fc boei, sor`b` fc boei, woboei wobo, tubok ei poe`e`ior`byc eioyce, t`e`i`boe foei s`ior`byc poro so sor`b` fc eo oycfc eo gofo lorolkoloe fc eo boei so goeikoei aub`, aub` eo. (]oi

7, b`ed 98-94)

Yobo eoloe eoeuaoe eo lokob` d. toboioei loa`a`ropoe fo so ueoei orow, poeiobowoei orow, soeib`eiic, soei guwoe, aoeiioei so b`b`pos eo boei eofoyoeoe fc eoei ul`wos (poid 7, b`ed 99-90)@so eo eio yuei sor`b` boei d, fos` yue eo boei loipoiooeuaoe fc eo eoiowo fcei tul`i`b eo a`ek` ofc

aul`a`ei` ei tubcei, wobo ofcei e`bop`toe. (]oid 8, b`ed 10-0=)

[`goy ei poe`e`wobo so sor`b`, oa poi i`eustc toboio ei toc foyo (poid 8, b`ed 08)A`ek`, eoso toc eo r`e fos` yue d, koa`b foa`t oecei bop`t lc so lio toc poro aul`ei ei tubcei d poikot`ei r`e ei cros eo wobo eo yuei toc, sog`a`e eo eot`e eoi pordaog fo poi bogos lc eoukyufoe fo ub`t

kopot lot`goy oei sor`b` lc d, cc koa`b sor`b` wobo eoloe lofofopoi oecei `goei toc kyoe d sor`b` boei (poid 8, b`ed ??4-??1)

Yobo ofcei a`e`eioe ei tubcei. Eoigoic ofc koa`b so sor`b` fc.IDCWID Fo`boeioe ldrce k`e s`yoei lototoi eo poi``s`p. (]oid 7, b`ed ::)

AOWCBK Eoso sor`b e`yo eo yce. (]oid 8> b`ed ?=1)

Xof`e3 Yobo eo. Fos` eo`wosoe fc eio yoe ei wobo ei, woboei eoipoyc. Loy eoipoyc foyo boeiEoboiposoe fc eo s`bo k`go3 Fotubok eio eue, poifoiob`ei fc, ha`eobbdeid fc po yoe, eoitofd pofc eyoe. [oboioei ha`eobbdeid fc po yoe. (]oid 8> b`ed ??=-??7)

@WDED Ohtuobby, a`ek` eoloe ofc aul`ei` ei tubcei so `go, l`slc so sor`b` fc (poid 7> b`ed 4?)

Xo t`ei` fc eoloe a`ek` eoloe l`slc so sor`b`, so sor`b` fc, so ot`e so toc l`slc toyc oei lofofofcetrso sor`b` eot`e fuei iuiustuaoe ei loy fotowoe foyo6 fuei oyow ei loy fotowoe oyow toboio. Fueigoio loy ldrce toycei sob`to fuei iustc, loy porooe, fuei oyow, lorol`ei koa`boe yue yue poroe

ioeuei fosog`aoe. (]oid 8> b`ed 18-19)

Loa`rop3 Yobo eoloe eoso toc boei toboio yoe. Foyo a`ek` ofc eoe`e`wobo so oec yuei rdaog`b`tot`ce,eoso toc yoe, a`ek` lc fo`boeioe loipordaog, fuei oyow lc toboio, toboioei ooyow fo, fuei loypoe`e`ek`ioe fo toboaoei foyo yoe ei toc w`tacut rdaog b`tot`ce. (poid ;> b`ed ?7;-?79)

Oaa fotoei`oe kopot ldrce foei strcei oec, yuei w`bb tc j`iat, kue so poi ``srtruiibd lc, fo`boeioe lcboei eoloe hclpord oei icck oek gok, oec yuei loioekoei foroeosoe kur`ei so t`ld eo uekdr fo kru

ot ecrlob eo guaoy lc, eoguguaoy foei wobo fo so krcio. Puei oei boei oei fo`boeioe lc `hclpordfuei oec oei los losorop eo pof`rolkol kue, kcce po boei loifoforcce fo ei fuei oec fo ot fuei

sooe f ogo kopot pulueto. (]oid ;> b`ed ?8=-?8:)

NOHF A`ek` po eoloe s`iurc ofc ioeccei fokdspdroko koa`b lobofos eoloe oei of`ei potrcedso, fos`

usuobby yuei lio eobcbcfc, lof`t`k oei `s`p e`bo. Puei prcgbdlo e`bo scgroei fog`iot-g`iot foyo loylio p`eois`s`s`aoe s`bo goekoei aub`. (poid 7> b`ed ;9-;0)

A`eorop fc ei woboei tofct. Fos` yoei aolce so guaoy d, kulorot`ei yoegosto ldrce fo boei ickjdorkdtdrl`eot ce. (]oid 8> b`ed 98-9;)Fo`boeioe lototoi s`yo, lobowof, ldrce s`yoei hcej`kdehd so sor`b`. (]oid 8> b`ed 99)

@L]OH[X CE ADOB[A

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OEED a`ek` fo lofotubci, lobob`l oei `e``s`p kopot ldrce foei poitr`poe `yce yuei s`eosog` eo kopot ldrcefoei fofob`fut`e. Foa`t poick eo oei fotowoe lc s`id por`e iustc po r`e ei fotowoe lc. (poid ?>b`ed 7

77)t`eotolok fo eo, a`rop fo eoei ful`bcs, fo`e fo ei fo`e. (]oid 8>b`ed 0=)

`go oei dpdftc poi eofordhcvdry fo eo fos`, poiiol`t eyoe a`ek` fo ecrlob d, oyow lc eoei lotubci,toboioei os `e oyow lc ei lotubci, foa`t `boei orow eo p`e`p`b`t lcei pul`f`t a`ek` lofop`f`t ioeuetoboioei, pdrc poi eo bcwgot fo eoloe wobo eo yuei tolo eyoe tubci fo eoloe ei tubci aobcs oyow lc

eoei tuloyc. Taow eo uaow yoe oei lio tolo eyoe. (]oid 8>b`ed 07-0:)

ecrlob, lobowof oei poi``s`p ful`f`t`k fos` oei s`p ei soei loy soei ok`f. (]oid ;> b`ed ?=4)Pue eio, s`eosog` fc. ]oroei lof`eo yoe eo a`ek` fo eofoforolkol ei iutcl. Fuei oec yueip`eoitr`poe lcei iow`e, fuewor` loibobogo fo, foa`t ldkob ei orow eo, lototopcs lc yue. ]oroei

jddb`ei lc, ful`f`bcs fo po r`e. Ioeue syo. Foyo yuei lio ort`sto, f`to lc a`ek` fulofo`e. [op`ei ei

top`ei. @go eo. Cc, `go eo. ]oroei lob` eo tc, a`ek` eo ecrlob. I`s`ei ofc foa`t eo iustc fc ei lotubci,a`ek` eo pwdkd. Ioeue fos`, oekue po yuei tolo. @s`p boei ei `s`p ei foa`t eo oec. ]oroei poeiorop foboei ei poeiorop ei poeiorop. Yobo fo ei goei e``s`p. L`esoe, yuei goei loa`eo eo oei utof, e``s`p

oei prcgbdlo so pol`byo aoeiioei so eoioiob`t eo s`bo so toc. Poe oei dpdftc e`yoe, woboei fotopusoei`e``s`p lc yuei prcgbdlo lc. Ecrlob eo oei tubci fc. Pue, obol fc ei eofofordhcvdr eo fc.

GD[A Euei p`eo-Hcekd ofc e` ]o`fct (Aorcbk). Pue, `euugc-ugc eo fc. Tluugc-ugc eo fc. K`eobo ofc soHcekd, t`e`ieoe yuei goio fc. Puei foboaot` poroei purc ubop, yuei foboaot` guc. Pce, `soei b`eic ofc``ecl ei iolct.

HOBCP `boei orow ofcei woboei tubci, l`sf` oecei ecl lc ei obof a`ek` fo eobobos`ei ioeue. L`sf`eofolor`woeo fo wobo, poiiol`t lc so uloio tubcy-tubcy yue aoeiioei iog` (hc`e krcp) cc, gowob

lotubci, lofofotubci fo boei poi eofotogbdtos fo, vobul fo ioeue kue boei ofc eofoftubci.(]oid ?> b`ed?1-7?)

oec poroei oec poroei eot`i`b yuei g`syc fc, toboioei t`e`t``s fc, eoeoeof`t oei gucei fotowoe fc ioeupdrc a`ek` fc a`eoaoeop aoeop syo, l`esoe loeoeof`t b`fck fc, kobo eo r`e ei fo`koroe, so dkok. (]oid 78>b`ed 07-0;)

KCBBP Jrdd oio`e Vdxh`tdk\ (bouia`ei) wobo poroei poroei eofob`grd fo so g`syc, d oei solo solo pobo ei g`syc

eoy oe (bouia`ei) k` go3 ]oroei eofofob`grd fo poroei eogueutoe fo ei solpuei t`e`f so bobolueoeporoei ioeue! Losorop losorop so pof rolkol. (]oid ;> b ed ?8=-?87)

Xo `s`p3 Pue, eogogoktr`p ofc. Lo`e`t oei ubc fc. Loa`eo oei hcetrcb fc. Xofo lokob` ofcei loiob`t.

Eioyce lobofos eo oei hcetrcb fc. Eoeioyoyot k`e ofc ei austc. Oei sdxy fc (bouia) 7: boei oeigdwoei fc eue. Foyo boei poroei tuloeko yuei lufao fc. ]oroei eoicc`b yuei lufao lc eo pow`s epow`s fo. Eololow`s fo, k` fo pwdkdei loilofd-up fos` tubc ei tubc, pueos fo ei pueos. [opcseoeioeioyot fo ei austc, fos` k` fo eofofo`e. Oei poei`t k`e ei lufao fc, lufo ofcei lotoeko. Xdxy

eio, oei poei`t eoloe ei lufao lc. Eolulueos fo, poroei lotoeko. [oecei e`bo, fulofo`e fo po g

K` fo r`e eofofotubci. Kot`, boii`ei lo`e`t oei ubc fc, poroei iustc lc boi` loy foowoy. ]drc poieofordhcvdr fo eo, wobo eo. bobc eo poi loy eof`to foei a`ek` loioeko, eofu. Foyo eio yuei `go,

eofofopotoy po d koa`b so kruis.

DW@H ]oyot ofc, toboioei a`ek` supdr poyot. (]oid ?> b`ed ?:)

puyot boei, yue boei. Puei lio loto lc poroei boii`ei `eooetcf. K` lofotubci.

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JDB@Q Oyue yuei poeioeioyoyot, yuei poroeoi eowowoboe fo ei t`wobo so sor`b`, tsfo a`ek` fo eoeof`f`aobcg`bc so goei toc koa`b eoifoforcce fo eio ei a`yo koa`b so foboioyoe lc. (poid ?> b`ed 79-70

]`s`fob koa`b eoforolkol ofcei a`ek` loioeko so sor`b` fc, tsofo `so eo yuei a`ek` fc eofofoyoeoegul`b`, gofo lofo`s`p ofc ei a`ek` loioeko. (]oid 7> b`ed ;4-;:)

Xo lio ueoei orow, tsofo so lio ueoei iog` eoroeosoe fcei tul`i`b eoiforcce ei poe`e`goic yueifotowoe fc, aoeiioei so eoitoiob eofoyoeoe fc eo r`e boei t`eubcy fc eo boei. (poid 7> b`ed 14-19)Xydlprd loi`eaowo eo so pof`rolkol, eofofobuwoi fo eo foa`t popooec, poroei eowoboe fo eo ei

oboboaoe`e eo gofo loaub` fo, c gofo lok`sirosyo fo ei `goei toc ioeue (poid 8> b`ed 0:-01)

Oyue eio lobuwoi eo so pof`rolkol, eo oec foa`t popooec so sor`b` loy t`wobo eo. (]oid 8> b`ed ?=;-?=4)Pue, eoa`a`ropoe ofcei aul`eio. [opcs, poro foei eoeia`a`eo. ]oroei oec go tc3 @e``s`p fc so fopwo f

loy ioiow`e sof`e pdrc a`ek` eoloe pobo. ]oroei toloei a`eobo eo, poroei eoi`i`ei ediot`vd eio yuei

`s`p lc so fopwo lc. Fuewor` yuei lot`ieoe fo boei, oec eoloe tcei lofot ei`e. ]oroei ioeue. Ktubok euei ueo, potoei-poto eo. Xydlprd f`bcs fo fos` ei f`bcs, k` lc eololoboyoe eo i`eoiowo lc yuFoyo fopoi eoipoa`eio fo rce, potoei-poto eo yuei fotowoe lc. K` tubok eccei ecrlob foei eoitrogo

ecce, eoipuyot, fopoi eoipoa`eio fo, losorop eo so pof`rolkol. Fosolo yue so krcio d, kdprdss`ce.Eoooec fo so poi``s`p euei oec go eoloe tcei eoeiyoyor` sof`e3 Puei prcgbdlo ei pol`byo fc. Pue

lio eoboboloe lcei prcgbdlo. A`ek` lc eopupueo, loy prcgbdlo fo eo pobo, a`ek` lc eoboboloeprcgbdlo ei `go. Eoooec fo so poi``s p. @s`p ei `s`p.

IDCWID ]oyot ofc, toboioei a`ek`, supdr poyot. (]oid ?> b`ed ?:)

Pue, los`ibo a`ek` tubok kot` ,puyot !eioyce fulpbdtc so tubci so poifode. yue yuei lio ioeue. (poid

1?-17)Losorop so pof`rolkol, cfoy! ]ot` poit`ei`e ei toc soyc cfoy eo r`e. (]oid 8> b`ed 0=)Lososog` fc boei.woi eo gofo fos` `wos trcugbd k`e yue, poro k`e so fobusuioe e`bo, woi eo e`bo `tofd

yoe. (]oid 8> b`ed ?=7-?=8)

AOWCBK Xo eioyce a`ek` ofc iuloiol`t. [opcs eo fc kyoe, oeikot`ei sof`e e`yoe pdrw`syc so Fotowoe.

]oick. ]oick ei s`poe, poick ei fotowoe. (]oid 7> b`ed 7?-77)Aobcs potoy fotowoe fc, `soei guwoe. @soei guwoe ofc so csp`tob. @soei guwoe ofc so Ldtrc. ]oro ofc

porobyzdk. Ioeuei, iulob`ei ofc, sog` fcei ioecei, fofc a`ek`a`ek` saogu oeia`ek` so saogu ofceooec, eocvdrkcsd. (]oid ?-7> b`ed ;7-;;)

A`ek`, ub`t`e fc eueieuei eopoifoiob`ei fc eio so cvdrkcsd koa`b sokcwedrs. ]oifogob`f fc,poifob`pos ei `soei guwoe, t`eofd fc ub` syo, saogu. ]oro potueoyoe fc so sor`b` fc, foyo fc `wosoe yoeKoa`b kyoe k` ofc eos`ro. (]oid 7> b`ed 4:-41)

A`ek` eo, eo`s`p fc eo toboioei oecoec boei, wobo eoloe toboioei oece o d, poick boei ei fotowoe d(]oid 7> b`ed :7-:8)

@WDED eoowo ofc so sor`b` fc eccei l`esoe k`eoeos fc poi uw` fc ei goaoy eol`e wobo ofei fofo`e`e eo

p`euetaoe fc eue koa`b so iutcl fc fus`eo, eoroeosoe fcei goiccei oei fo`e`e fc so lobol`i eo foe`eeoowo ofc so sor`b` fc eccei eo eo``yof ofc eo a`ek` eoloe yue oei poifotoc fc, so tctcc boei lop`b` o

so poifo`e pdrc yuei t`ld eoy ue koa`b so iutcl fc, fulo`e ofc eue, yue yuei iul`s`ei sof`e eo a`ekfc go lotoeiiop so sor`b` fc eo ioe`tc eo go ofc ubt`lc s`eifc poeig`b` ei ubol wobo eo ofc, yue yueeof. Eopofosorop loguaoy ei woboei, woboei krcio so fotowoe. (poid 8, b`ed ??:)

NOHF @e``s`p fc poro loigoic3 @e``s`piustc fcei loiforcce ei loioekoei s`lubo. Iustc fcei loi`ei

ecrlob ub` oei of`ei guaoy, poroei ioeue. (poid 7, b`ed ;7-;8)

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OEED ulp`so eo `yce poi oosowo, ooyus`e oei guaoy, eoiforcce ei oeof, fo`boeioe loiaoeopguaoy. (]oid7>b`ed 81-80)

fo`boeioe poi- t`t`i`b lc eo yoe fo`boeioe eo so `s`p lc yoe, so pusc lc, poe`ek`ioe lc, pdrc fo`boeipoi a`ek` lc foyo sulogoy fo so pol`byo lc fooiopoy lc s`bo, loikosob fo r`e lowowobo eo yoe. (]o

;>b`ed ??8-??4)Pue eio, yuei eo`ebcvd ofc. Aoeiioei so t`e`i`b fc eo. Fos` loy `esp`rosyce eo fc d. jchus, cc, ioeue.

GD[A Oa, yuei bulogos yuei opc fc. Puei pol`byo fc, opc fc. Puei oeof e` Dkkyei poeioeoy. Xog`f fos` od. Fos` oei bobof` eo ei lio oeof fc d. 74 eo s` Dku, oei oio eoiosowo d, yuei poeioeoy fc. yueisulueck, d ?01= f`eosob. 1?, 17, 18, sueck-sueck s`bo. (]oid ?>b`ed ?1)

HOBCP fuei oec eof`to lcei iowo`e so bccg ei pololoaoy, iow`e lc eo boei poro lo`wosoe lc oei poiiolei krcio. (]oid>f`ed 91-90)

eoiaoeop ofc ei trogoac ioeue, foa`t oecei trogoac t`eotoeiiop fc. (]oid 7>b`ed17)

fo`boeioe toboio loigoic fo, loigob`f bccg fo so toos ueoei-ueo yoe, fo`bo fo`boeioe ei toc yoe. Logpol`byo lc, loitrogoac fo, `gob`f lc yuei kot` lcei oyce so poluluaoy lc. (]oid 7>b ed :0-9?)

yuei gorfoko a`ek` eoloe lo``wosoe, sydlprd eoek`k`yoe eoloe yoe d. pdrc yoe loy a`i`t eo eo`tubcesof`e eyoe. [rcpo trcpo pdrc woboei oec eo. (]oid 7>9;-94)

yuei f`eogufosoe ei pol`byo fc, ei gucei pol`byo fc ioeue. (]oid 7>b`ed 0=)

all gorfoko r`e, koa`b eoifogob`foe fol` ei pol`byo fc, `boei toce fol` eoia`woboy eyoe all osowofc.(]oid ?>b`ed ;;-;4)

DW@H ]oro lofoaoeop ei trogoac,poro a`ek` lopoiusopoe ei lio fop`tgoaoy, fos` poi eof`f`to foei eofo

krcio, p`eoit`t`ei`eoe fo. (]oid ?>b`ed 8=-8?)Oaa, e`b`goei fc sor`b` fc. [ubok ei3 K`tc boei ,lokol`ei iowo`e,poiobo iobo ei goto ,lio aoycp. (]oi

7>b`ed ;4-;9)[ubok ei pol`byo. (]oid ?>b`ed 7:) Pue ,aogoei bulobof` uei lio oeof fc .yue oei eulgdr ? !aogoei

bulobof` uei oeof fc bobc fc eo``s`p eo t`i`b eo toboio. (]oid ?>b`ed 8=-8?)@s`p`e fc boei pol`byo fc ,osowo fc ,yue. (]oid ?>b`ed ;;)yue eio, eoioboio ofc ei lio aoycp, `eoboiooe fc yuei lio goto. ]oro lob`goei ofc. Kue fc boei

j`echus yuei sor`b` fc. Eofotubcei sof`e yue.

JDB@Q Oei i`eowo fc ecce fos` eo oec ofc so prutos ecce, koa`b oei trogoac fc lubo iog` aoeiioei loiuloio, foyo liolubo ecce `eoec fc eo foyso loipuyot ofc so poiiol`t kue eo boei ofc loipofopuyporo lofotubci oiok ofc poikot`ei ei uloio (poid 7, b`ed :;-:9)

Fos` kot` ecce, eccei eoiulp`so ofc eyoe, eoitrotrogoac r`e ofc kyoe ecce. [opcs oei eoeiyoyor` eyopoifotopcs fcei loitrogoac d k`, botoei-boto eo yuei fotowoe fc. [opcs f`eogufosoe, loitrotrogoac f

eo. d euei s`e`luboe fc ei t`i`boe, i`eowo fc r`ei koa`boe yuei poitrotrogoac fc. Fos`, loitrotrogoac,loipupuyot. Lofofotubci ofc ei looycs. [opcs lofofopoitrogoacei loy poe`goicei bofos. K` tubokeuei ueo, potoei-poto eo. Xydlprd f`bcs fo fos` ei f`bcs, k` lc eololoboyoe eo i`eoiowo lc yue. Fo

fopoi eoipoa`eio fo rce, potoei-poto eo yuei fotowoe lc. K` tubok eccei ecrlob foei eoitrogoac ecc

eoipuyot, fopoi eoipoa`eio, losorop eo so pof`rolkol

@WDED [rogoac, eoeiorop yuei so poeoirop fc eoy ue e`yofop fc, eo fo`boeioe fcei loeiyor` yue, yuei

poeiorop eo lofopoitrogoac, lofopoi toyc ei edicsyc so sor`b`, yuei oei e`yofop fc, krdols fc. Pueoei eoipurs`id. (poid 8, b`ed 08-0:)Xugscg boei so trogoac, ogobo so poi``s`p koa`b so trogoac, poif`f`poiusop so lio fb`ydetd, eoisdsdorha

ofc ei hb`det fuei s`ec yuei pwdkd fcei loi`ei prcspdht eo hb`det ioeue oei i`eowo fc. (poid 8, b`ed?==-?=7)

NOHF E`b`goei fc oei sor`b` fc ua, wobo ofcei i`eowo fuek` ow`toe fc ei loioioekoei ow`t`e oei gotoei

p`eobobof` fc poro lofo`wos ofc so g`syc. (]oid 7, b`ed 49-41)

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OEED ulp`so eo `yce poi oosowo, ooyus`e oei guaoy, eoiforcce ei oeof, fo`boeioe loiaoeopguaoy. (]oid7>b`ed 80-;=)

eccei eo-`ebcvd eo eio ofc, cc pol`byo eo toboio, eo fo`boeioe kdrdthac eo oei guaoy. (]oid 7> b`ed ;4;:

pol`byo, yoe lio oeof, tsfo yuei lio logugut`ei fo`g`ioesydlprd.(]oid 8>b`ed 90)`pof`to ei pol`byo eo loaoboio fo ueo yue, loy tofct fo so K`ycs poeiobowo yue, ot poeiotbc fueitoboioei all oyow lc eo oyow lc fos` so boei `s`p`e lc yuei lio goto eoi-ooetoy so guaoy lc.

(]oid 8>b`ed 14-19)

fo`boeioe poi- `t`t`i`b lc eo yoe fo`boeioe eo so `s`p lc yoe, `so pusc lc, poe`ek`ioe lc, pdrc fo`boeiopoi a`ek` lc foyo sulogoy fo so pol`byo lc fooiopoy lc s`bo, loikosob fo r`e lowowobo eo yoe. (]o;>b`ed ??8-??4)

]oroei a`ek` fo eo ecrlob so `goei toc d. Fos` `fow, `lgds eo soloaoe fo e`bo, a`ek`. Ooeuaoe fo po e`

o yoe, ok`f yoe. Yobo eoloe s`boei s`eosog`pdrc yuei lio t`ei`e e`bo, poroei kue fo lotutueow, eoporoei `go tc. Foa`t a`ek` e`bo pof`to soyc ei pdrsceob, ei aorop-aoropoe, soyc l`slc so sor`b` lc,lororolkoloe lc, poroei ul``wos s`bo soyc. A`ek` eoloe so eototofctpdrc poroei ioeue eo r`e

s`iurc. Oei `go, fopoi s`eog`ei ok`f fo, obccj ofc kyoe, k`go3 @go eo fos` yue d, pord-pordaos fol`, ofcloe boei soeo, loigoic. ]oroei ioeue. Lo`go eoloe ofc. Fos` fopoi yuei `goei toc pulueto sol`e,

s`bo, lio ok`f yo d, poroei ioeue. Fulpcrld yoe so lio fo`g`ioe d. loy goei fo`g`ioe, poroei bobc fpoei gogoue`e. Loy fo`g`ioe eo ``et`ek`a`e, fofousop`e fo. Ldrce k`e eoloe, poip`p`b`oe lc boei. Gos

poi eopueto fo kue so bobcei g`eogoue fo, wobo, bobc foei lo``p`t. Aoeiioei so folua`oe lc eo s`yo.

GD[A Oa, yuei bulogos yuei opc fc. Puei pol`byo fc, opc fc. Puei oeof e` Dkkyei poeioeoy. Xog`f fos` o

d. Fos` oei bobof` eo ei lio oeof fc d. 74 eo s` Dku, oei oio eoiosowo d, yuei poeioeoy fc. yueisulueck, d ?01= f`eosob. 1?, 17, 18, sueck-sueck s`bo. (]oid ?>b`ed ?1)Opc fc eio. [sofo eoa`a`yo eo r`e ofc, eoifofodkok eo fc. fulgoio, fuei sofo-sofob` lolotoy ofc,

gofo oec po r`e ofc kyoe so kruis. Xog`a`e ei lio fop`tgoaoy O yoe eolotoy fofot`ro ei saogu. C k`

eofofoa`yo poro so lio oeof fc, so lio pol`byo fcei lo``woe. (]oid ?>b`ed 88-84)

Puei lio opc fc eio boei. tsofo sor``b` fc. e``s`p fc poroeigosto, lororolkoloe lc r`e eoloe ycePuei lio loeuioei fc, poroei a`ek` fo eio i`eoioboei. ]oroei ioeue. K` eoloe tctobby a`ek` ofc

i`eoioboei, pdrc poroei so pof`rolkol fc, ioece. Logogo oei t`ei`e sof`e. (]oid 7>b`ed :4-:9)Puei loeuioei fc, pof`rolkol fc, poroei wobo ei rds