8/3/2019 REAP Fundamentals of Acoustics_Ismail Khater

1/20

;

BkajoGipy ZoiqjtwipyTjweztgj Jaaigijogy io Ktgbipjgpztj ko` ^hkooiocAzo`kmjopkhw ea Kgezwpigw^tea/ Zsj M/ Wpj~bjoweo

Kgezwpig gem~zpjt wimzhkpieokokhywiw ea oeiwj mk~w zwioc tky ptkgioc mjpbe`;

Dy< Iwmkih Fbkpjt

Wzmmjt Wjmjwpjt 4>;;

8/3/2019 REAP Fundamentals of Acoustics_Ismail Khater

2/20

4

Kdwptkgp

Kgezwpig wimzhkpieo bkw djjo si`jhy zwj`( mkiohy io joghewj` w~kgjw "teemw)( kw sjhh kw

ezp`eet ztdko ktjkw/ Pbjtj iw ctesioc `jmko` aet mjkwztioc( jqkhzkpioc ko` geoptehhioc oeiwjio ztdko joqiteomjopw( kw oeiwj ~ehhzpieo bkw wpktpj` cjppioc iope seth`w ~zdhig ko` ~ehipigkh

kppjopieo/ Mkoy ~tectkmw bkqj djjo `jqjhe~j`( sbigb ghkim pe dj wzipkdhj aet kggztkpj

~tecoewiw/ Pbiw ~k~jt ~tjwjopw ko iopte`zgpety pe bes pbjwj ~tectkmw setf( wbesioc pbjit

peehw( pjgboehecijw( `tksdkgfw ko` k`qkopkcjw/

Pkdhj ea Geopjopw

Kdwptkgp ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 4

Iopte`zgpieo ko` dkgfctezo` //////////////////////////// 7

Wimzhkpieo pjgboehecy /////////////////////////////////////// :

Wimzhkpieo mjpbe`ehecy //////////////////////////////////// 2

Gkwj wpz`ijw ///////////////////////////////////////////////////// ;>

^teljgp ; /////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ;>

^teljgp 4 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ;:

Kokhywiw //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ;3

@iwk`qkopkcjw ////////////////////////////////////////////// ;3

K`qkopkcjw /////////////////////////////////////////////////// ;2

Ezpheef ko` azpztj jqjhe~mjopw ////////////////// ;2

Geoghzwieo //////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ;9

Didhiectk~by ///////////////////////////////////////////////////// 4>

Hiwpea aicztjw

AICZTJ ;< KOOEYKOGJ HJQJH IO JTGJOPKCJ IO CJTMKOY

"DJJIOPTGBPICZOC IM SEBOZMAJH@ 4>>3) //////////////////// 7

AICZTJ 4

8/3/2019 REAP Fundamentals of Acoustics_Ismail Khater

3/20

7

Iopte`zgpieo ko` dkgfctezo`

Oeiwj iw gemmeohy `jaioj` kw zoskopj` et hez`

wezo`( sbigb iw `iw~hjkwioc ko` zokopigi~kpj`/Ipw ioipikpieo iw atem bzmko kgpiqipijw( wzgb kw

ptkaaig( io`zwptikh( tjgtjkpieokh ko` epbjt

kgpiqipijw V;]/ Oeiwj iw eoj ea pbj mkio

joqiteomjopkh ~tedhjmw/ Ip iw eoj ea pbj

ctesioc weztgjw ea gem~hkiopw ea tjwi`jopw io

gipijw( w~jgiaigkhhy io ztdko ktjkw( dzp `zj pe

pe~ectk~big geo`ipieow ip gko khwe dj k ~tedhjm

io tztkh ktjkw/ Kgpieow pkfjo dy wpkpjw pe tj`zgj

pbiw weztgj ea ~ehhzpieo bk` hesjt ~tietipy

gem~ktj` pe skpjt ko` kit ~ehhzpieo/ Mktfjptjwjktgb bkw io`igkpj` pbkp oeiwj ~ehhzpieo iw

eoj ea pbj mkio tjkweow aet sjkfjoioc {zkhipy

ea hiaj/ Eoj ea pbj wzw~jgpj` tjkweow iw pbkp

oeiwj ~ehhzpieo iw ko iowi`iezw ko` oep k

gkpkwpte~big ~ehhzpieo weztgj/ V;]

Eo pbj epbjt bko`( wgijopiwpw ko` bjkhpb

w~jgikhiwpw bkqj `jghktj` dy wpkpiwpigw pbkp

ktezo` 4> ~jtgjop ea pbj Jzte~jko Zoieo

~e~zhkpieo et lzwp kdezp 2> mihhieo ~je~hj

jr~jtijogj oeiwj hjqjhw pbkp ktj djhijqj` pe dj

zokggj~pkdhj V;]/ Pbjwj hjqjhw ktj ~tjwgtidj` kw

hjqjhw sbjtj mewp ~je~hj djgemj kooeyj`(

whjj~ iw `iwpztdj` ko` sbjtj gettjw~eo`ioc

bjkhpb jaajgpw ktj pe dj kopigi~kpj`/ Pbjtj iw

khwe pbj we gkhhj` ctjy ktjkw pbkp ktezo` ;3>

mihhieo ~je~hj hiqj io/ Pbjwj ktj ~tjwgtidj` kw

ktjkw sbjtj pbj oeiwj hjqjhw ktj wzgb pe gkzwj

wjtiezw kooeykogj `ztioc pbj `kypimj/ Depb ea

pbj kdeqj mjopieoj` hjqjhw bkqj jwpimkpj`

wpz`ijw wbesioc ko kqjtkcj `te~ ea ;* ea pbj

cteww `emjwpig ~te`zgp "C@^) ea pbj JZ

gezoptijw/ V;]

Pbjtjaetj( io pbj aiapb joqiteomjopkh kgpieo

~hko ea pbj yjkt ;997 wemj pktcjpw ea oeiwj

jr~ewztj pe dj mjp dy pbj yjkt 4>>> bkqj djjo

jwpkdhiwbj`/ Kw k wpktpz~( k ~tectkm pbkp kimj`

pe k``tjww oeiwj iwwzjw bkw djjo `jqjhe~j` pe

mepiqkpj ~zdhig `jdkpjw kdezp pbj azpztj ea

oeiwj ~ehigy/ Ip skw `jwgtidj` ko` ~zdhighy

~zdhiwbj` io k ~k~jt gkhhj` ctjjo ~k~jt< azpztj

oeiwj ~ehigy V;]( sbigb ioghz`jw ko kwwjwwmjop

pe pbj eqjtkhh oeiwj wipzkpieo ko` wegijpy ko`

okpieokh kgpieo pkfjo pe pbkp `kpj aehhesj` dy k

`tkap ea k wptzgpztj aet kgpieo geqjtioc pbj

jobkogjmjop ea ioaetmkpieo ko` ipw

gem~ktkdihipy ko` azpztj e~~etpzoipijw aet pbj

tj`zgpieo ea oeiwj atem `iaajtjop gkzwjw/ Jqjo

sipb pbj gzttjop hjciwhkpieo ko` tjhkpiqj

wicoiaigkop ~tectjww io oeiwj tj`zgpieow( k dic

hjk~ iw wpihh ojj`j` pe kgbijqj djppjt hes oeiwj

{zkhipy gipijw kw `jaioj` dy pbj SBE/ V;]

Sbihj pbjtj ktj wjqjtkh akgpetw pbkp geoptidzpj

pe pbj oeiwj ~tedhjm( w~jgikhiwpw ko` wpkpiwpigw

kctjj` pbkp pbj mewp im~etpkop ko` mewp

geoptidzpioc oeiwj weztgj iw ptkaaig V;] V4]/ K

mklet gbkhhjocj pe wehqj pbj ~tedhjm iw pbj

{zkopiaigkpieo ea pbj oeiwj ko` ipw jaajgpw eo

~je~hj/ @jpkihj` mjkwztjmjopw ojj` pe dj

mk`j/ K mklet gbkhhjocj iw pbj {zkopiaigkpieo

ko` gkhgzhkpieo ea pbj oeiwj jaajgpw eo pbj

~e~zhkpieo/ Oep eohy bicb hjqjhw mzwp dj

kwwjwwj` dzp khwe pbj kmezop ea ~je~hj

jr~ewj` pe pbjm iw ea ctjkp im~etpkogj/ Pbiw

miwwieo iw akt atem jqi`jop wiogj pbj wezo`

~te~kckpieo iw djioc ioahzjogj` dy `iqjtwj

Aicztj ;< kooeykogj hjqjh io ~jtgjopkcj io

Cjtmkoy "djjioptgbpiczoc im sebozmajh` 4>>3)

8/3/2019 REAP Fundamentals of Acoustics_Ismail Khater

4/20

0

joqiteomjopkh gbktkgpjtiwpigw io okpztj ko` pbj

dzihp joqiteomjop/ V7]

Io et`jt pe {zkopiay ko` qiwzkhi|j pbj ~tedhjm(

oeiwj mk~w bkqj djjo `jqjhe~j` V0]( sbigb ktj

geowi`jtj` pe dj ko jrgjhhjop peeh aet ztdko~hkoojtw/ Oeiwj mk~w khhes pbj {zkopiaigkpieo

ea oeiwj io pbj wpz`ij` ktjkw/ Pbjy gko khwe dj

hiofj` pe pbj jr~ewipieo ea pbj ~e~zhkpieo

sipbio pbjm/ Io k``ipieo( me`jhioc pbj oeiwj

hjqjhw gko khhes pbj {zkopiaigkpieo ko`

qiwzkhi|kpieo ea azpztj `jqjhe~mjopw( kw sjhh kw

pbj jaajgpw ea oeiwj tj`zgpieo mjkwztjmjopw

pkfjo V4]/ Aet pbkp tjkweo( pbj @itjgpiqj

4>>4%09%JG ea pbj Jzte~jko ^kthikmjop ko` ea

pbj Gezogih( ea 4: Lzoj 4>>4 hiofj` pe pbjkwwjwwmjop ko` mkokcjmjop ea joqiteomjopkh

oeiwj edhickpj` ipw Mjmdjt Wpkpjw pe cjojtkpj

oeiwj mk~w aet gipijw sipb k ~e~zhkpieo ea

4:>(>>> ko` bicbjt( sbigb skw `zj pbj 7>pb ea

Lzoj 4>>3 "JG( 4>>4)/ K tjqijs( aehhesj` dy k

tjqiwieo ia ojgjwwkty( wbkhh dj mk`j pe pbjwj

oeiwj mk~w kp hjkwp jqjty aiqj yjktw atem pbjit

ctezo`ioc `kpj/ V4]

Gtjkpioc pbjwj mk~w ioqehqjw k hep eagem~zpkpieow sbigb ktj `eoj dy w~jgikh

~tectkmw/ Kw cjojtkhhy kctjj`( pbj kgpzkh eo

wipj mjkwztjmjop pe gtjkpj pbjwj mk~w iw oep

ajkwidhj `zj pe pimj ko` meojy geowptkiopw V7]/

Pbiw ~k~jt aegzwjw eo pbj pjgboigkh ~ktp ea pbj

~te`zgpieo ea pbjwj mk~w/ Pbj pjgboehecy kw

sjhh kw pbj mjpbe`ehecy pe ~te`zgj pbjwj oeiwj

mk~w sihh dj jr~hkioj`/ Pbj kzpbet sihh pbjo

jrkmioj pbj k`qkopkcjw ko` `tksdkgfw ea

gzttjop gemmjtgikh me`jhioc mjpbe`w( kapjtpbj kwwjwwmjop ea 4 gkwj wpz`ijw( ko` ciqioc ko

ezpheef eo azpztj ~te~ewkhw pe jobkogj pbj

eqjtkhh ~tegj`ztj pe cjp djppjt tjwzhpw/

8/3/2019 REAP Fundamentals of Acoustics_Ismail Khater

5/20

:

Wimzhkpieo pjgboehecy

Io pbiw wjgpieo pbj mewp gemmeo gkhgzhkpieo mjpbe` zwj` aet oeiwj gem~zpjt wimzhkpieo sihh dj

`jwgtidj`/ Ip iw gkhhj` tky ptkgioc/ Aet mewp ktgbipjgpw ko` ~hkoojtw tky ptkgioc iw foeso aet ktgbipjgpztkhtjo`jtiocw ko` hicbp wimzhkpieo/ Ip iw zwj` pe gkhgzhkpj hicbp tjahjgpieow( tjatkgpieow ko` wbk`esw/

Pe ~zp ip io ipw dkwig aetm( tky ptkgioc

mjpbe`ehecy aehhesw k hicbp ~kpb atem k w~jgiaig

weztgj ko` gem~zpjw pbj jaajgp ea hicbp aet jkgb

~irjh ea pbj tjo`jtj` imkcj( ko` ip iw foeso aet

pbiw ~tegjww pe dj k bicb ~tegjww-iopjowiqj

e~jtkpieo pbkp tj{zitjw bicb ~jtaetmkogj

bkt`sktj/ Ipw ~bywigkh jr~hkokpieo iw k mjpbe`

aet gkhgzhkpioc pbj ~kpb ea skqjw et ~ktpighjw

pbtezcb k wywpjm sipb tjcieow ea qktyioc

~te~kckpieo qjhegipy( kdwet~pieo gbktkgpjtiwpigw(

ko` tjahjgpioc wztakgjw/ Zo`jt pbjwj

gitgzmwpkogjw( skqj ateopw mky djo`( gbkocj

`itjgpieo( et tjahjgp eaa wztakgjw( gem~higkpioc

kokhywiw/ Tky ptkgioc wehqjw pbj ~tedhjm dy

tj~jkpj`hy k`qkogioc i`jkhi|j` okttes djkmw

gkhhj` tkyw pbtezcb pbj mj`izm dy `iwgtjpj

kmezopw V0]/

Kw aet wezo`( tky-dkwj` kgezwpig me`jhioc

~tjwzmj pbkp wezo` ~jtaetmw hifj tkyw ea hicbp(

sbigb ktj zwj` pe aio` tjgjiqjtw ko` iopjtqjoioc

wzdwpkogj ko` pbjo ~tj`igp et gkhgzhkpj pbj

wezo` ~tjwwztj hjqjh/ Pbj wezo` ~tjwwztj hjqjhw

gezh` dj gkhgzhkpj` io ko io`eet et ezp`eet

joqiteomjop( kp k tjgjiqjt ~eiop et kw geopezt

gtjkpioc pbj oeiwj mk~w/ Ezp`eet ~te~kckpieo

iw gkhgzhkpj` zwioc wemj ea pbj wpko`kt`w

"wbeso io) `j~jo`ioc eo pbj

gezopty/ Pbj kggztkgy ea pbj ezp~zp `kpk ko`me`jh iw `j~jo`jop eo bes pbj zwjt me`jhw

pbj wipzkpieo ko` eo bes pbj weapsktj ptjkpw

pbj `kpk/ V:]

Weztgj Wpko`kt` et Gkhgzhkpieo ~tegj`ztj

Io`zwptikhOeiwj

IWE 91;7 iogh/ QDZI ko` mjpjetehecy"Iopjtokpieokh( JG-Iopjtim)

Q@I 43;0( Q@I 434> "Cjtmkoy)@IO ;2>>: "Cjtmkoy)

KH Tigbphioij Ot/ 42 "Kzwptik)

Hlz` ato qio`ftkapqjtf "Wsj`jo)

Bktmeoeiwj( ^4^ gkhgzhkpieo me`jh(

~tjhimiokty qjtwieo "Iopjtokpieokh)Tek` Oeiwj OM^D-Tezpjw-91 "Atkogj( JG-

Iopjtim)

THW-9>( QDZW "Cjtmkoy)

@IO ;2>>: "Cjtmkoy)

TQW >0/>4/;; "Kzwptik)

WeoTek` "Wsip|jthko`)

GTPO "Zoipj` Fioc`em)PjmkOet` ;9917 ojs( `tkap "Cjtmkoy)

@IO ;2>>: "Cjtmkoy)

Wjmidjh "Wsip|jthko`)OM^D-Ajt "Atkogj)

GTO "Zoipj` Fioc`em)APK%ATK "ZWK)

Kitgtkap

Oeiwj

@IO 0:120 "Cjtmkoy)

K|D "Cjtmkoy)

K|D-MIH "Cjtmkoy)

HKI-Hko`j~hkp|hjiphioij "Cjtmkoy)

K|D 4>>3( tkap "Cjtmkoy)

Pkdhj ;< ^ktkmjpjtw et wpko`kt`w zwj` aet oeiwj

im~kgp wpz`y mk~w V1]

8/3/2019 REAP Fundamentals of Acoustics_Ismail Khater

6/20

1

Tky ptkgioc weapsktj iw qjty gem~hjr/ Jaajgpiqj

zwj ea ip tj{zitjw `jj~ zo`jtwpko`ioc ea pbj

azo`kmjopkhw ea kgezwpigw( kw sjhh kw jr~jtpiwj

io pbj weapsktj ipwjha/ Pbjtj ktj ozmjtezw

gemmjtgikh weapsktj ~kgfkcjw pbkp gezh` dj

zwj` pe gtjkpj oeiwj mk~w ea ztdko ktjkw ko` pe

kwwjww joqiteomjopkh im~kgp/ Jrkm~hjw ktj pbj

wywpjmw Mipbtk( Wezo`^hko( GK@OK-K(

^tj`igpet( IMMI( HIMK( JOM jpg/ K fjy ajkpztj

ko` pbj mkio `iwpiogpieo kmeoc pbjm ktj pbj

zwjt iopjtakgj ko` pbj ~ewwidihipy ea `itjgphy

im~etp ko` jr~etp ioaetmkpieo atem `iaajtjop

GK@ aetmkpw( CIW `kpkdkwjw ko` epbjt `kpk

weapsktj ~kgfkcjw "Pkdhj 4)/ Pbj oeiwj

ptkowmiwwieo iw kggezopj` aet pbtezcb pbj

im~hjmjopkpieo ea wjqjtkh mjkwztjw ko`

wpko`kt`w( djioc `iaajtjop atem weapsktj pe

weapsktj/

^ktkmjpjt Weztgj ea Ioaetmkpieo

Pjttkio pe~ectk~by Mk~w( GK@-me`jhw( Kjte~bepew( Wkpjhhipj Imkcjw

^ewipieo ko` `imjowieow ea dzih`iocw Mk~w( GK@-me`jhw( Kjte~bepew( Wkpjhhipj Imkcjw

Bjicbp ea dzih`iocw GK@-me`jhw( Aijh` Ioaetmkpieo

Py~j ea akgk`j kdwet~pieo Aijh` Ioaetmkpieo

^ewipieo ko` `imjowieow ea oeiwj

dkttijtw

GK@-me`jhw( Aijh` Ioaetmkpieo

Bjicbp ea dkttijtw GK@-me`jhw( Aijh` Ioaetmkpieo

^ewipieo ko` gteww wjgpieo ea tek`w GK@-me`jhw( Aijh` Ioaetmkpieo( Ptkaaig Mkokcjmjop

Ptkaaig qehzmj io tek`w Eo-Hioj Ioaetmkpieo Wywpjmw( Ptkaaig Mkokcjmjop(

Qi`je Wywpjmw( Mkozkh et Kzpemkpj` Gezopioc

^jtgjopkcj ea bjkqy qjbighjw Ptkaaig Mkokcjmjop( Qi`je Wywpjmw( Mkozkh et

Kzpemkpj` Gezopioc

Kqjtkcj qjbighj w~jj` Eo-Hioj Ioaetmkpieo Wywpjmw( Ptkaaig Mkokcjmjop

Py~j ea tek` ~kqioc Ptkaaig Mkokcjmjop( Aijh` Ioaetmkpieo

Wezo` ~esjt ea cjojtig wezo`

weztgjw

@itjgp Mjkwztjmjopw( J{zi~mjop W~jgiaigkpieow( Oeiwj

hjqjhw

^ewipieo ea cjojtig wezo` weztgjw GK@-me`jhw( Aijh` ioaetmkpieo( Kjte~bepew( Wkpjhhipj

Imkcjw

@itjgpiqipy @itjgp Mjkwztjmjopw( J{zi~mjop W~jgiaigkpieow

^e~zhkpieo `jowipy Aijh` Ioaetmkpieo( Gezopy @kpkdkwjwPkdhj 4< Weztgj ea ioaetmkpieo aet ~ktkmjpjtw V1]

8/3/2019 REAP Fundamentals of Acoustics_Ismail Khater

7/20

3

Tky ptkgioc weapsktj bkw ~teqjo pe dj ko

im~etpkop ko` ~esjtazh peeh pe ~tj`igp ztdko

oeiwj/ Besjqjt( pbjy bkqj mkoy himipkpieow V:]

V3]/ Bes pbj weapsktj ptjkpw dkttijtw iw

geowi`jtj` pbj mewp wicoiaigkop `tksdkgf/

K``ipieokhhy( sbjo pbj skqjhjocpb ea wezo` iw

wimihkt pe `imjowieow ea edljgpw io pbj `iaazwieo

~kpb( sbjo `iw~jtwj tjahjgpieow eggzt( et sbjo

wezo` iw wgkppjtj` ko` geoqjyj` dy edljgpw( tky

ptkgioc `ejw oep k`j{zkpjhy ~tj`igp hjqjhw V:]/

Pbiw iw mkiohy djgkzwj pbiw pjgboehecy bkw djjo

`jwicoj` aet wbetp skqjhjocpb/ K ~te~ewkh pe

eqjtgemj pbiw ~tedhjm bkw djjo wzccjwpj` dy

^tea/ Wpj~bjoweo( dkwj` eo Bjiwjodjtcw

zogjtpkiopy ~tiogi~hj( dy iopte`zgioc wezo`

~ktpighj `iaatkgpieo me`jhw/ V2]/ Pbiw bkw djjo

iopte`zgj` iope k tky ptkgioc ~tectkm/ Eoj ea

pbj mkio k``ipieow iw aet pbj k``j` me`zhj pe

iopte`zgj pbj `jpezt hks V3]/ Koepbjt iw aet pbj

tko`em `iaatkgpieo et`jtw ko` pbj k``ipieow ko`

gemdiokpieow ea tjahjgpieo skqjw/

K sky ea pkgfhioc pbj `iaatkgpieo ~tedhjm bkw

khwe djjo wzccjwpj` dy Wpj~bjoweo V3](

~te~ewioc pbj w~hippioc ea wezo` ~ktpighjw io tky

ptkgioc mjpbe`w/ ^ktpighjw wbezh` dj w~hip iope

mkoy wjgeo`kty eojw/ @zj pe pbkp pbiw hjk`w pe

ko jr~hewieo ea pbj ozmdjt ea tjahjgpieow(

`iaatkgpieo gemdiokpieow ko` ea geztwj

eqjtjrpjo`ioc pbj gem~zpkpieo pimj( ip bkw

djjo wzccjwpj` eohy pe `e pbiw sipb ~ktpighjw

pbkp ~kww ghewj pe pbj j`cjw( sbigb sihh bkqj pbj

wpteocjwp djo`ioc jaajgpw/ V9]

Aicztj 4< Wzd`iqiwieo ea k teem iope geoqjr

wzd-teemw "io 4@)< ptkow~ktjop `iqi`ioc skhhw

ktj kwbj`6 k tky iw wgkppjtj`%`iaatkgpj`

wjqjtkh pimjw eo pbjwj skhhw ojkt j`cjw "eohy

eoj ~kpb iw `tkso) V3]

8/3/2019 REAP Fundamentals of Acoustics_Ismail Khater

8/20

2

Wimzhkpieo mjpbe`ehecy

Io pbiw wjgpieo pbj mjpbe`ehecy ea gtjkpioc k oeiwj mk~ atem wgtkpgb pe pbj `jhiqjtioc ~bkwj( atem pbj

me`jhioc( gem~zpioc ko` pbjtjkapjt pbj tjwzhp ~bkwj sihh dj jr~hkioj`/

Pbj aitwp wpj~ iw pe `jaioj ko` dzih` pbj ~bywigkh

me`jh/ Aet pbiw ~bkwj qktiezw ~tectkmw gezh`

dj zwj`( ioghz`ioc GK@ dkwj` pe CIW `kpk/

Jhjmjopw( wzgb kw dzih`iocw( ctezo`( tek`w( bihhw

jpg/ ktj me`jhj`/ Pbjwj gezh` jipbjt dj `itjgphy

me`jhj` sipb pbjit ~ktkmjpjtw "wzgb kw pbjit

tjahjgpieo et kdwet~pieo gejaaigijopw) et pbiw

wpj~ gezh` dj `eoj kapjtskt`w io pbj oeiwj

me`jhioc weapsktj/ Pbj ojrp wpj~ sezh` dj

`jaioioc pbj wezo` weztgjw/ Pbjwj gezh` jipbjt

dj ~eiop( qehzmj et hioj weztgjw/ Zwzkhhy

weztgjw ktj `iqi`j` iope aezt gkpjcetijw( sbigb

ktj ptkaaig "qjbigzhkt)( tkih( io`zwptikh ko`

jopjtpkiomjop oeiwjw/ Pbj aehhesioc wpj~ iw

`jaioioc pbj tjgjiqjtw/ Pbjtj ktj mkoy skyw ea

wjppioc pbj tjgjiqjtw( sbigb `j~jo` eo sbkp iw

ojj`j` pe dj ~te`zgj`/ Tjgjiqjtw gezh` dj eo

akgk`jw( ~eiop et cti` tjgjiqjtw/ Djaetj tzooioc

pbj wimzhkpieo wemj gkhgzhkpieo ~ktkmjpjtw

ojj` pe dj wjp( sbigb bkqj pbj mewp wicoiaigkop

jaajgp eo pbj tjwzhpw kggztkgy ko` tjwehzpieo/

Pbjwj ktj pbj ozmdjt ea tkyw gem~zpj` ko`

pbj wpko`kt`w gbewjo pbkp sihh `jaioj pbj

khcetipbmw zwj` aet pbj gkhgzhkpieo mjpbe`w

jpg/ kapjt pbkp pbj me`jh iw tjk`y aet pbj

gkhgzhkpieo V7] V4]/ Pe ciqj ko jrkm~hj( k dkwj

aetmzhk aet pbj THW-9> aet pbj wezo` hjqjh kp k

`iwpkogj ea 4:m atem pbj tek`sky iw/24^)]

Sbjtj< M = qjbighjw%bezt

^ = ~jtgjopkcj ea bjkqy

qjbighjw

Pbjtj ktj epbjt ~ktkmjpjtw( wzgb kw bzmi`ipy(

pjm~jtkpztj ko` sio`( sbigb ojj` pe dj

ioghz`j` io sbkp iw gkhhj` pbj sjkpbjt `kpk aihj

io pbewj ~tectkmw/ @j~jo`ioc eo pbj weapsktj

ko` tjgjiqjtw gbewjo( pbj tjwzhpw gko qkty atemozmdjtw( `ikctkmw( wezo`w( qi`jew et gehet

mk~w/ Pbj mewp gemmeo ko` si`jhy zwj`

ezpgemj iw kw `iwgzwwj` io pbj dkgfctezo` pbj

oeiwj mk~w( sbigb ~teqi`j k qiwzkh im~tjwwieo

ea pbj oeiwj hjqjhw/ Pbj aehhesioc pkdhj

tjgk~ipzhkpjw pbj ~ktkmjpjtw ko` dkwig wpj~w

"oep ojgjwwktihy io et`jt) ojj`j` pe gtjkpj pbj

me`jh/ V4]

Io et`jt pe qkhi`kpj pbj tjwzhpw( ip iw ~tjajttj`(

ko` wemjpimjw mko`kpety( pe geoaitm pbj

tjwzhpw dy gem~ktioc pbjm sipb wemj

mjkwztjmjopw pkfjo eo wipj/ Ea geztwj ip iw

bicbhy ~ewwidhj pe cjp qktyioc tjwzhpw djpsjjo

pbj me`jhj` ko` mjkwztj` ezpgemj/ Eoj ea

pbj zwj` skyw pe mioimi|j pbj `iaajtjogjw iw

khpjtioc pbj gkhgzhkpieo io~zp `kpk ko`%et

gbkocioc ipw ~ktkmjpjtw pe mioimi|j pbj

`iw~jtwieo/ V;>]

8/3/2019 REAP Fundamentals of Acoustics_Ismail Khater

9/20

9

Pkdhj 7< ^ktkmjpjtw ojj`j` io k oeiwj im~kgp wpz`y

Weztgj Ptkaaig oeiwj Py~j ea qjbighjw "gkt( mepetgyghj( ptzgf)

Ptkaaig oeiwj Py~j ea jociojw "ckwehioj(

`ijwjh)

Mjko qjhegipy

Io`zwptikh oeiwj

Tkih oeiwj

JopjtpkiomjopWzttezo`iocw Tek` wztakgj

Dzih`ioc bjicbpw

Wptjjp si`pbw

Kdwet~pieo gejaaigijopw "akgk`jw)

Joqiteomjop Bzmi`ipy

Pjm~jtkpztj

Sio`

@jmectk~big

~ktkmjpjtw

Ozmdjt ea iobkdipkopw

Ozmdjt ea zoipw ~jt dzih`ioc

8/3/2019 REAP Fundamentals of Acoustics_Ismail Khater

10/20

;>

Gkwj wpz`ijw

Io pbiw wjgpieo k gez~hj ea gkwj wpz`ijw sihh dj ~tjwjopj`/ Pbj aitwp eoj "^teljgp ;) iw k gem~tjbjowiqj

gkwj( sbigb bkw djjo gkhgzhkpj` ko` gem~ktj` pe jkgb epbjt djpsjjo pbj pse weapsktj Gk`okK ko`Wezo`^HKO/ Gem~ktiweow djpsjjo jkgb ~tectkm ko` pbj kgpzkh mjkwztj` tjwzhpw bkqj khwe djjo

geo`zgpj`/ ^teljgp eoj iw hegkpj` io Ojs Wezpb Skhjw Kzwptkhik ko` ipw `kpk bkw djjo gehhjgpj` atem pbj

Iopjtokpieokh Geoctjww eo Kgezwpigw 4>;> dy ^jpjt Fktkopeoiw jp kh/ V;;]/ Pbj wjgeo` gkwj "^teljgp 4) bkw

djjo gkhgzhkpj` dy pbj kzpbet pe ~eiop ezp wemj ptk~w gemmeo wpktpz~ zwjtw gezh` akhh iope/ Pbj

hegkpieo ea ^teljgp 4 iw io \kmkhjf Gkite Jcy~p/ Aet jkgb me`jh pbj ~teljgp `jwgti~pieo( mjpbe`ehecy ko`

ezpgemj sihh dj ~tjwjopj`( kheoc sipb k wmkhh kokhywiw aet jkgb gkwj/

^teljgp ;

^teljgp `jwgti~pieo

Pbiw ~teljgp bkw djjo geo`zgpj` io k gez~hj eahegkpieow kw sihh dj `jwgtidj` "K ko` D)/ aet pbj

~tj`igpieo ea ptkaaig oeiwj qktiezw khcetipbmw

sbjtj zwj`/ Gk`okK ko` Wezo`^HKO ktj pbj

weapsktj ~kgfkcjw zwj` pe wimzhkpj pbj tjwzhpw/

Pbj oeiwj ~tj`igpieo khcetipbmw zwj` ktj

Gkhgzhkpieo ea Tek` Ptkaaig Oeiwj( ;922

"GeTPO22) ko` pbj Aj`jtkh Bicbsky

K`mioiwptkpieo "ABSK)( sbigb ktj si`jhy

kggj~pj` io Kzwptkhik dy tjczhkpety ko`

kzpbetipijw/ Kw aezo` io tjgjop tek` ~teljgpw ioKzwptkhik( ko kggztkgy ea &;`D"K) gezh` `iaajt

pbj im~hjmjopj` mjkwztjw ctjkphy ko`

geowj{zjophy bkqj bicbjt gewp/

^teljgp K> pe 0>>m

ksky atem pbj mkio tek`/ Wptjjp geoaicztkpieo

ahzgpzkpjw ktezo` jicbp mjpjtw `jj~ atem psewmkhh jmdkofmjopw pe pse gzppiocw/ Tjczhkt pe

bicb oeiwj dkttijtw bkqj djjo iowpkhhj` iope pbj

`jwico kheoc pbj wptjjp/ Pbjy qkty djpsjjo

bjicbpw ea 0 pe 1/:m ko` ktj ; pe ;/: fm io

hjocpb/ Pbj aehhesioc pkdhj tj~tjwjopw pbj

ptkaaig qehzmjw( w~jj` ko` py~j eo pbj k`lkgjoptek`/

Pkdhj 0< Bezthy ptkaaig `kpk zwj` aet Tek`

^teljgp K

^teljgp D> pe

;:>m ksky atem pbj mkio tek`/ Pbjtj ktj pse

oeiwj dkttijtw et skhhw kheoc pbj j`cj ea pbj

tek`( gzp io pbj iopjtwjgpieo djpsjjo pbj tek`

ko` pbj tkihsky/ Pbj bjicbpw ea pbj skhhw tkocj

djpsjjo 4 ko` 1m io bjicbp ko` bkqj k hjocpb

ea k~~terimkpjhy 0/:fm/ pbj aehhesioc pkdhjtj~tjwjopw pbj ptkaaig qehzmjw( w~jj` ko` py~jw

ea qjbighjw kw sjhh/

@ky Oicbp

Hicbp qjbighj qehzmjw 7;04 ::3

Bjkqy qjbighj qehzmjw 731 ;74

Bjkqy qjbighj * ;; ;9

Qjbighj w~jj`( fm%b ;;: ;4>

8/3/2019 REAP Fundamentals of Acoustics_Ismail Khater

11/20

;;

@ky Oicbp

Hicbp qjbighj

qehzmjw

;109 7>:

Bjkqy qjbighjqehzmjw

772 ;;1

Bjkqy qjbighj * ;3 42

Qjbighj w~jj`( fm%b ;;: ;4>

Pkdhj :< Bezthy ptkaaig `kpk zwj` aet Tek`

^teljgp D

Mjpbe`ehecy

Me`jhioc ea pbjwj pse ~teljgpw skw `eoj zwioc

k pbtjj weztgj bjicbp mjpbe`( sbigb jokdhjw

aet k djppjt `jhidjtkpieo ea pbj oeiwj gemioc

atem bjkqy ptzgfw/ Pbiw mjpbe` zwjw pbtjj

`iaajtjop bjicbpw ">/:m( ;m ko` ;/:m) pe

kggezop aet hicbp qjbighjw jrbkzwp ko` pitjw( hicbp

ko` bjkqy qjbighj jociojw ko` bjkqy qjbighj

jrbkzwp tjw~jgpiqjhy/ Tjwzhpw ktj gkhgzhkpj` eo k

bjicbp ea ;m( ko` sbjtj tjgjiqjtw ktj ~hkgj`

ojkt dzih`ioc akgk`jw k gettjgpieo ea &4/:`D"K)

iw k~~hij`/ Pbj GeTPO22 HK;>( ;bt khcetipbm

skw zwj` ko` pbj me`jhj` oeiwj hjqjhw sjtj

geoqjtpj` pe HKj{(;bt qkhzjw dy k~~hyioc k -

7`D"K) gettjgpieo/ @ky HKj{(;:bt ko` Oicbp

HKj{(9bt oeiwj hjqjhw sjtj pbjo `jtiqj` atem

pbjwj/ V;;]

Pbj sky ea gem~ktiweo djpsjjo pbj pse

~tectkmw bkw djjo kgbijqj` dy qktiezw

k`lzwpmjopw( bkqioc pbj wkmj io~zp gtipjtik/

Depb me`jhw zwj` pbj wkmj gkhgzhkpieo

geowptkiopw>>m

Cti` w~kgioc :>m

Cti` iopjt~ehkpieo 9 R 9

Ctezo` kdwet~pieo >/:

Mkrimzm et`jt ea tjahjgpieo ;

Tjgjiqjt bjicbp &;/:mPkdhj 1< gkhgzhkpieo geowptkiopw

Io k``ipieo( k geoqjtwieo pe eoj ~tectkm bkw

djjo mk`j/ Pbj Wezo`^HKO me`jh bkw djjo

jr~etpj` ko` im~etpj` iope Gk`okK pe cjojtkpj

k wzdptkgpiqj geopezt mk~ pe wbes pbj

`iaajtjogjw/

"Oeiwj Geopeztw) = Gk`okK Wezo`^HKO

Pbj aehhesioc ktj ihhzwptkpieow jrptkgpj` atem

Gk`okK pe wbes pbj `iaajtjogjw/ Kw wbeso( eohy

ajs ktjkw pe pbj tek` tjkgb k qktikpieo ea

;/:`D"K)( sbihj mewp ea pbj mk~w ktj sipbio

qktikpieow ea >/:`D"K) eohy/ Kw k hkwp wpj~( pbjezp~zp tjwzhpw ea depb( Gk`okK ko` Wezo`^HKO(

bkqj djjo gem~ktj` pe pbj mjkwztjmjop

tjwzhpw/

8/3/2019 REAP Fundamentals of Acoustics_Ismail Khater

12/20

;4

Aicztj 0< ^teljgp K( @ky HKj{;:bt @iaajtjogjw

Aicztj 7< ^teljgp K( Oicbp HKj{9bt @iaajtjogjw

8/3/2019 REAP Fundamentals of Acoustics_Ismail Khater

13/20

;7

Aicztj :< ^teljgp D( Oicbp HKj{;bt @iaajtjogjw

Aicztj 1< ^teljgp D( @ky HKj{;bt @iaajtjogjw

8/3/2019 REAP Fundamentals of Acoustics_Ismail Khater

14/20

;0

Ezpgemj

Kp pbiw lzogpztj( pse gem~ktiweow bkqj djjo

mk`j/ Pbj aitwp eoj iw gem~ktioc pbj pse

me`jhw pe jkgb epbjt/ Aet pbkp( eqjt ;1>

tjgjiqjt ~eiopw bkqj djjo hegkpj`/ Ea geztwj( khhea pbjm bkqj pbj wkmj ~ktkmjpjtw wzgb kw

tjgjiqjt bjicbp ko` hegkpieo/ Pbj tjwzhpw sjtj

ea cee` kctjjmjop( mjkoioc pbkp pbjtj sjtj

eohy k ajs ezphijtw/ Pbj dzhf `kpk kheoc pbj tek`

bkw djjo gkhgzhkpj` pe dj djpsjjo 0: ko` 1>

`D"K)/ Pbj T4 ea pbj gem~ktiweo "io pjtmw ea

wim~hj tjctjwwieo) wbesw k tjwzhp ea >/91 pe >/93

sbigb iw k qjty bicb kctjjmjop/ Mewp ~eiopw

bk` qktikpieow ea eohy >/:-; `D"K) sipb eohy

mioet iwehkpj` ktjkw sipb ;-4 `D"K)/

Pbj wjgeo` gem~ktiweo iw djpsjjo jkgb me`jh

ko` kgpzkh mjkwztjmjopw/ Aet pbiw gem~ktiweo

4; ~eiopw bkqj djjo meoipetj`/ 2 ea pbj ~eiopw

sjtj hegkpj` ; mjpjt ojkt pbj dzih`ioc akgk`jw(

sbjtjkw ;7 ~eiopw sjtj atjj aijh`w/ Pbj

aehhesioc ctk~bw wbes pbj gem~ktiweo tjwzhpw/

Depb wbes cee` kctjjmjop djpsjjo me`jhj`

ko` mjkwztj` `kpk/ Pbj w{zktj gettjhkpieo

gejaaigijop T4 wbesw >/21 pe >/9 aet depb

me`jhw/ Pbiw mjkow cee` kctjjmjop( ko` iw

pkfjo kw pe dj tjhikdhj aet ptkaaig oeiwj kokhywiw/

Kgget`ioc pe pbj Kzwptkhiko wpko`kt`w ko` hjqjh

ea kggj~pkogj ea &4/3 `D"K) pe &: `D"K) sipb

>/2: pe >/9: gejaaigijop iopjtqkhw tjw~jgpiqjhy(

pbiw me`jh iw geowi`jtj` k ~teaigijop ko`

tjhikdhj weztgj/

Aicztj 3< Gk`okK Me`jhj` -Q- Mjkwztj`( HKj{;bt Aicztj 2< Wezo`^HKO Me`jhj` -Q- Mjkwztj`( HKj{;bt

8/3/2019 REAP Fundamentals of Acoustics_Ismail Khater

15/20

;:

^teljgp 4

^teljgp `jwgti~pieo

Pbiw ~teljgp bkw djjo geo`zgpj` io \kmkhjf

Gkite Jcy~p/ Aet pbj ~tj`igpieo ea ptkaaig oeiwj

qktiezw aetmzhkw sbjtj zwj`/ Gkhgzhkpieow ktj

dkwj` eo Wpj~bjoweo wgti~p aet TJK^ Mkwpjt

~tectkm V;4]/ Pbj hegkpieo bkw djjo wjhjgpj` pe

wbes k gem~hjr wipzkpieo( sbigb gemdiojw k hep

ea oeiwj weztgjw/ Wktky jh Cj|itk wptjjp iw

hegkpj` djpsjjo k tjwi`jopikh bicb-tiwj dhegf

ko` pbj Cj|itk w~etpioc ghzd/ Pbjtj ktj ptjjw khh

kheoc pbj wptjjp( ko` k oeiwj dkttijt skhh

`iqi`ioc pbj wptjjp atem pbj ghzd/ @imjowieow

ktj ciqjo io pbj pkdhj djhes/

Dzih`ioc bjicbp 01m

aitwp wi`jskhf :m

Tek` si`pb ;>m

wjgeo` wi`jskhf 3/4m

Skhh bjicbp 4/9m

Tjgjiqjtw 1 ! ;4m

Aicztj ;>< wipzkpieo imjowieow

Pbj ~tedhjm iw bkqioc k hep ea ioahzjogioc

weztgjw( qktyioc atem ghewj pe akt( bzmko ko`

qjbighjw/ Pbj pse mkio qjbighj weztgjw gemj

atem pbj bicb w~jj` dti`cj gkhhj` 1 Egpedjt

ko` pbj hes-w~jj` tek` Wktky jh Cj|itk(

sbjtj pbj mjkwztjmjopw bkqj djjo pkfjo/ Pbj

aehhesioc pse imkcjw wbes pbj migte ko`

mkgte wipzkpieow/ Pbj aehhesioc imkcjw ktj

jr~hkioioc pbj wipzkpieo/

Mjpbe`ehecy

Kw depb Gk`okK ko` Wezo`^HKO ptikh qjtwieow

`e oep khhes wimzhkpieow pe dj tzo( mkozkh

gkhgzhkpieow sjtj ~jtaetmj`/ Aet pbj kgpzkh

oeiwj mjkwztjmjop ko` kqjtkcj k~~hj ~te`zgpw

"i^k`w ko` i^beojw) sjtj zwj`/ Pbj k~~higkpieo

zwj` aet mjpjtioc iw oeiwj mjpjt dy

ptjkwgeqjty( Gbi`e~i Ge/( Hp`/ Pkisko V;7]/ Pbj

mjkwztjmjop bkw djjo pkfjo aet ; bezt

kqjtkcioc pbj tjwzhpw( ko` pbjtjaetj pbj tek`oeiwj skw :3`D"K)/ pse epbjt tjgjiqjtw bkqj

djjo ~hkgj` djbio` pbj skhh kp 1 ko` ;4 mjpjtw/

Pbj wzdwj{zjop wfjpgb wbesw pbj `imjowieow ea

pbj wipzkpieo/

Aicztj 9< mkgte wipzkpieo mk~

Aicztj ;;< migte wipzkpieo ~bepe

8/3/2019 REAP Fundamentals of Acoustics_Ismail Khater

16/20

;1

Gkhgzhkpieow sjtj dkwj` eo pbj aetmzhkw "P)

Ezpgemj

Kw mjopieoj` djaetj( pbiw wpz`y bkw djjo

geo`zgpj` pe ~teea k ~eiop( ko` aet pbkp tjkweo

eohy/ Pbj wpkpjmjop iw pbkp aet wzgb k gem~hjr

wipzkpieo pbj qktiezw weztgjw ko` tjahjgpetw

ojj` pe dj wpz`ij`( me`jhj` ko` `egzmjopj`

qjty gktjazhhy( kw pbiw sezh` ioahzjogj pbj

tjwzhpw `tkmkpigkhhy/ Pbj ptjj hegkpieow ea

tjgjiqjtw ktj ojrp pe pbj tek`( 1 mjpjtw djbio`

pbj skhh ko` ;4m( bkqioc mjkwztj` tjk`iocw ea

:3( 03 ko` 03 `D"K) tjw~jgpiqjhy/ Kw aet pbj

gkhgzhkpj` tjwzhpw( pbjy ktj :3( 7:/0 ko` 71/1 io

pbj wkmj et`jt/ Pbj tjwzhpw ktj edqiezwhy

iogettjgp/ Pbiw iw `zj pe pbj iogettjgp io~zp `kpk(

sbigb iw k gemmeo miwpkfj aet pbj oeiwj

kokhywiw/ K``ipieokhhy pe pbj oep geowi`jtj`

~ktkmjpjtw( wzgb kw tjahjgpieow ko` pbj

eqjtbkocioc dti`cj( pbjtj iw khwe pbj oeiwj

gemioc atem qjbighjw `tiqjtw zwioc pbjit betow

ko` pbj ~hkyioc aijh`w io pbj ghzd/ Metj

jwpimkpieow ko` gkhgzhkpieow ojj` pe dj `eoj pe

kgbijqj k cee` tjwzhp/ Pbiw iw k gemmeo

miwpkfj( sbigb iw oep ojgjwwktihy we `tkmkpig/ Io

pbj ~tjqiezw wpz`y( qktikpieow ea ;-4 `D"K) bkqj

~teqjo pe dj wzaaigijop joezcb pe gtjkpj k dic

aiokogikh `iaajtjogj io pbj oeiwj tj`zgpieo

mjkwztjmjopw/

Aicztj ;4< wjgpieokh wfjpgb

8/3/2019 REAP Fundamentals of Acoustics_Ismail Khater

17/20

;3

Kokhywiw

Io pbiw wjgpieo pbj wbetpgemiocw ko` `iwk`qkopkcjw kw sjhh kw pbj k`qkopkcjw sihh dj ~tjwjopj`/ Pbjwj

~tjwjop eohy wemj ea pbj ktczmjopw( sbigb io mewp tjwjktgbjw bkqj djjo mjopieoj` tj~jkpj`hy/ Pbj

mkio pse ipjmw kokhy|j` ktj tky ptkgioc weapsktj ko` oeiwj mk~w/ Kw ip sihh dj ~tjwjopj`( pbj ktczmjopw

kckiowp jrgjj` pbj ~ewipiqj ktczmjopw/ Wpihh( pbj zwj ea oeiwj mk~~ioc ko` tky ptkgioc weapsktj bkw ipwdjojaipw/

@iwk`qkopkcjw

Jwpimkpieo Wemj gipijw( hifj pbj eoj wpz`ij`

"Gkite) bkqj `iaaigzhpijw io `eioc tjkweokdhj

kwwjwwmjopw( `zj pe pbj im~kgp ea ihhjckh oeiwj

weztgjw wzgb kw pbj geowpkop zwj ea qjbighj

betow et bicb oeiwj jopjtpkiomjop jqjopw/ Pbiw

iw ko e~jo ~tedhjm pbkp iw qjty `iaaigzhp pe

kwwjww/ V4]

Hegkpieo Tky ptkgioc weapsktj iw sjhh

jwpkdhiwbj` io wemj skyw( dzp wpihh( sbjo ip

gemjw pe gem~hjr ztdko joqiteomjopw mkoy

gbkhhjocjw ktiwj/ V7]

Kggztkgy Pbj ~tjgiwieo ea pbj me`jhw ktj oep

khskyw gbkhhjocj` ko` gezh` djgemj k mklet

~tedhjm/ V7] Wemj tjczhkpieow tj{zitj pbiw pe dj

~ktp ea pbj wzdmiwwieo io et`jt pe mioimi|jjttetw/

Gewp Pbj io~zp pimj ea `kpk pe ~te`zgj oeiwj

mk~w sezh` pkfj sjjfw et meopbw ea k ~jtweow

pimj( mkfioc ip gewp ~hjopy/ Tjhkpiqjhy gem~ktj`

pe mjkwztjmjop `iaaigzhpijw pbiw ktczmjop gezh`

dj akhwiaij`/

Kpmew~bjtig geo`ipieo Pbj tjwzhpw ea

me`jhj` dkttijtw gezh` bkqj wzdwpkopikh

`iaajtjogjw atem tjkhipy io pbj gkwj ea heoc

`iwpkogj tjgjiqjtw/ Kw sjhh foeso( sio`

`itjgpieo gezh` bkqj wemj ktgbioc jaajgp sbigb

iw ojchjgpj` io wemj wpko`kt`w ko` weapsktj

~kgfkcjw/ V:]

@iaatkgpieo K qipkh iwwzj iw pbkp gzttjop tkyptkgioc weapsktj ~kgfkcjw gkooep tjgecoi|j oet

gkhgzhkpj pbj `emiokop ~kpb ea `iaatkgpieow/ V:]

V2]Io k gkwj sipb qjty bicb dkttijtw `iaatkgpieow

gezh` dj pbj `emiokop ko` pbjtjaetj

gkhgzhkpieow sezh` dj iogettjgp kw wbeso io pbj

aehhesioc aicztj/

Wgkppjtioc Ittjczhkt wztakgjw wzdwpkopikhhy

kaajgp tjahjgpieow( gkzwioc `jazwj ko` wgkppjtj`

tjahjgpieow kw ko k``ipieo pe pbj eoj `itjgpieokh

w~jgzhkt tjahjgpieo/ Jqjo pbezcb depb jriwp io

pbj weapsktj( pbj dkhkogj djpsjjo pbjm iw qjty

bkt` pe ~tj`igp ko` gkhgzhkpj/ V3] V9] V:]

Aicztj ;7< Heoc `iwpkogj `esosio` ktgioc

wezo` tky

Aicztj ;0< Eaawjp dkttijtw ~epjopikhhy `emiokop

~kpb

8/3/2019 REAP Fundamentals of Acoustics_Ismail Khater

18/20

;2

K`qkopkcjw

Kggztkgy Jqjo pbezcb wpkpj` io pbj

`iwk`qkopkcjw( ip iw eapjo ~teqjo pe bkqj ko

kggj~pkdhj jttet mktcio pbkp `ejw oep jrgjj`

hjckh tj{zitjmjopw/ V7] V;;] V;0]

Ojgjwwipy Oeiwj mk~w bkqj ~teqjo pe dj

zwjazh/ Pbjy j`zgkpj pbj ~zdhig ko` gezh` mkfj

~ehipigikow ptjkp pbj oeiwj ~tedhjm metj

wjtiezwhy/ Ip iw ko jkwy sky ea zo`jtwpko`ioc ko`

ctk~bigkhhy tj~tjwjopw pbj iwwzjw/ V7]

Tjhkpiqj gem~ktiweo Io et`jt pe edpkio k akit

gem~ktiweo ea mjkwztj` oeiwj hjqjhw eoj bkw pe

bkqj ko zotjkweokdhj kmezop ea bkt`sktj/ Io

gkwjw sbjtj mjkwztjmjopw bkqj djjo

geo`zgpj` io qktiezw pimjw( gbkocj`

mjpjetehecigkh geo`ipieow mkfj pbj tjwzhpw

iogem~ktkdhj/

Tjhkpiqj jaajgpiqjojww Pbj ptjkpmjop et

gbkocj ojj`j` pe wehqj wemj ~tedhjmw iw

kgbijqkdhj sbjo bkqioc eohy pbj me`jhj` oeiwj

me`jh/ Pbj wimzhkpieo eohy ojj`w pe dj kw

gem~hjr kw tj{zitj` dy pbj ~zt~ewj ip sihh

wjtqj/ V7]

Gewp Sipb pbj eoceioc ctespb ea weapsktj

~teqi`jtw( kggztkgy( w~jj` ko` zwjt atijo`hiojww

ip gezh` dj kwwzmj` pbkp io pbj azpztj pbiw

sezh` dj wicoiaigkophy metj gewp jaajgpiqj/

Ezpheef ko` azpztj `jqjhe~mjopw

Pbiw wjgpieo sihh ~tjwjop wemj ezpheef( pjgboehecijw ko` azpztj `jqjhe~mjopw( atem gipj` setf(

pjgboehecy eqjtqijs sjdwipjw ko` pbj kzpbetw tjgemmjo`kpieow/

Ktgbipjgpw ko` ztdko ~hkoojtw gezh` djojaip k hep dy bkqioc pbjwj ~zdhigi|j` weapsktj ~kgfkcjw pkihetj`

pe wzip pbjit zo`jtwpko`ioc ko` sky ea setf/ Ko jrkm~hj sezh` dj ioget~etkpioc pbewj peehw pe weapsktj

khtjk`y zwj` dy pbjm/ Pbiw bkw wpktpj` dy pbj ~tectkm Jgepjgp dy Kzpe`jwf V;:]( besjqjt ip bkw oepkgbijqj` k bicb hjqjh et djioc qktikop kw pbj epbjt mjopieoj` ~tectkmw( Gk`okK ko` Wezo`^HKO/

K`qkopkcjw ea ioget~etkpioc oeiwj me`jhioc azogpieow io ktgbipjgpztkh me`jhioc ~tectkmw sezh` dj "aet

jrkm~hj) djioc kdhj pe iowpkophy pjwp pbj jaajgpw ea `jwico qktikpieow sipbezp bkqioc pe jr~etp ko`

im~etp( ko` w~jo`ioc k hep ea pimj gettjgpioc ko` qjtiayioc pbj wzipkdihipy ea pbiw ~tegjww/ Io k``ipieo(

migte ko` mkgte wgkhj me`jhw wbezh` dj iopjctkpj` io k wiochj weapsktj( mkfioc ip jkwy pe k`lzwp

djpsjjo pbjm/ Metj im~etpkophy iw bkqioc metj zwjt atijo`hy ~kgfkcjw/ Gzttjop weapsktj pjwpj`(

ioghz`ioc Gk`okK ko` Wezo`^HKO bkqj ~teqjo pe dj `iaaigzhp pe bko`hj/ Depb hkgf qiwzkh jr~hkokpieow

ko` pzpetikhw/

Aet pbj ~tjgiwieo ko` kggztkpjojww ea pbj tjwzhpw( pbjtj iw wpihh metj pe dj geowi`jtj` io pbj khcetipbmw/Pbj mewp im~etpkop ko` qipkh eoj iw k``ioc et wehqioc pbj iwwzj ea pbj `iaatkgpieo ko` `iaazwieo "k

wehzpieo bkw djjo ~te~ewj` io pbj ~k~jt ea Wpj~bjoweo V3])/ Epbjt jaajgpw sbigb ojj` im~teqjmjopw

ktj mjpjetehecigkh geo`ipieow geowi`jtkpieo/ Kw aet pbj weztgjw( k hep bkw djjo `eoj aet ptkaaig oeiwj(

sbihj epbjt weztgjw bkqj djjo ~ktpikhhy ojchjgpj`/ Jqjo ia ptkaaig oeiwj iw pbj mewp im~etpkop ko`%et

tjgecoi|j` ~tedhjm( pbjtj iw wpihh k ojj` pe `jqjhe~ pbj mjkwztjmjopw ko` jwpimkpieo peehw aet epbjt

weztgjw sbigb sezh` gbkocj oeiwj mk~w iope wezo`wgk~jw V7]/

8/3/2019 REAP Fundamentals of Acoustics_Ismail Khater

19/20

;9

Aztpbjtmetj( pbjtj ktj pbj pjgboehecigkh k`qkogjmjopw pbkp ojj` pe dj pkfjo iope geowi`jtkpieo pe cjp

k ghjktjt qiwieo ea wzgb peehw kw tky ptkgioc/ Kw gem~zpjtw ko` ~tegjwwetw `jqjhe~ jr~eojopikhhy akwp( ip iw

sipb oe `ezdp pbkp metj gem~hjr gkhgzhkpieow( ioqehqioc bicbjt hjqjhw ea tjwehzpieo ko` ~ktpighj ozmdjt

iw ceioc pe dj ~ewwidhj io pbj ojkt azpztj/ Sbjo gem~ktj` eohy sipbio pbj hkwp : yjktw eoj gko wjj pbkp

sbkp gko dj gkhgzhkpj` oes skw oep ~bywigkhhy ~ewwidhj dkgf pbjo/ Pbj djwp gkwj pbkp gezh` dj kgbijqj`

iw bkqioc tjkh-pimj bicb tjwehzpieo tky ptkgioc/ Pbiw iw oep wgijogj aigpieo( dzp akgp/ Ip bkw djjo kgbijqj`

aet hicbp dkwj` tky ptkgioc ~tectkmw( ko` aet oeiwj io wimzhkpieo ckmjw/ Ip iw eohy k mkppjt ea bkqioc

akwpjt ~tegjwwetw gemdioj` sipb akwpjt khcetipbmw/

Geoghzwieo

Oeiwj ~ehhzpieo `ejw oep pkfj pbj wkmj ~tietipy dy pbj ~zdhig ko` pbj ~ehipigikow kw epbjt ~ehhzpieo

weztgjw wzgb kw skpjt ko` kit( jr~hkioj` dy djioc tjhkpiqjhy io`itjgp ko` bkqioc heocjt ~jtie`w ea

kaajgpioc pimj/ Oeiwj mk~w gtjkpj` dy tky ptkgioc weapsktj ~kgfkcjw ktj si`jhy zwj` ko` kggj~pj`/ Pbjit

kggztkgy bkqj djjo ghkimj` pe dj depb( cee` ko` dk`/ Wbesioc pbj pse `iaajtjop gkwj wpz`ijw bkw

wbeso bes eoj gko kgbijqj tjkweokdhj tjwzhpw pbtezcb bkqioc cee` `kpk gemdioj` sipb k`j{zkpjhygem~tjbjowiqj me`jhioc/ Jqjo pbezcb aet pbj pimj djioc tky ptkgioc iw gemmjtgikhhy kggj~pj`( k hep ea

`ezdpw bkqj djjo tkiwj`/ Mkio eojw ioghz`j pbj tjahjgpieo( `iaatkgpieo ko` wgkppjtioc ~tedhjmw/ K hep ea

pjgboehecigkh k`qkogjmjop heefw qjty ~temiwioc pe dj kdhj pe kgbijqj bicbjt ~tjgiwieo ko` tjwehzpieo

aet oeiwj me`jhioc( sbigb gezh` wicoiaigkophy gbkocj pbj gzttjophy zwj` hjqjh ea zwkcj ko` me`jhioc ko`

cjppioc metj ~e~zhkt ko` zwj`( wehqioc oeiwj ~ehhzpieo iwwzjw akwpjt ko` io k metj jgeoemigkh sky/

8/3/2019 REAP Fundamentals of Acoustics_Ismail Khater

20/20

Didhiectk~by

V;] Jzte~jko Gemmiwwieo Ctjjo ^k~jt( Azpztj

oeiwj ~ehigy/ Dtzwwjhw< Gemmiwwieo ea pbj

Jzte~jko gemmzoipy( ;991/

V4] Ajtoko`e K/ O/ Gkwpte ^iope( Ztdko Oeiwj

^ehhzpieo Kwwjwwmjop Pjgboi{zjw/ Dtk|ih;>/

V7] Liko Fkoc( ^tectjww ko` gbkhhjocjw io

wimzhkpieo ea ztdko wezo`wgk~jw/ Heo`eo(

ZF< Wgbeeh ea Ktgbipjgpztj( Zoiqjtwipy ea

Wbjaaijh`( ZF( Ajdtzkty 4>>3/

V0] C/ B/ W~jogjt jp kh/( cjojtkh tky ptkgioc~tegj`ztj/ Ojs Yetf< Iowpipzpj ea E~pigw(

Zoiqjtwipy ea Tegbjwpjt( Lzoj ;91;/

V:] Atkof B/ Dtippkio jp kh/( Wemj Himipkpieow ea

Tky-Ptkgioc Weapsktj aet ^tj`igpioc

Gemmzoipy Oeiwj atem Io`zwptikh Akgihipijw/

Migbicko( 4>>2/

V1] @kpkfzwpif CMDB( GK@OK Mkozkh/

Cjtmkoy( 4>;;/

V3] Zsj Wpj~bjoweo(KO IM^TEQJ@

JOJTCJPIG K^^TEKGB PE @IAATKGPIEO

DKWJ@ EO PBJ ZOGJTPKIOPY ^TIOGI^HJ/

Mk`ti`( W~kio< ;9pb IOPJTOKPIEOKH

GEOCTJWW EO KGEZWPIGW( 4>>3/

V2] Zsj Wpj~bjoweo( Jioj Wgbkhhpjihgbjo-

Gem~zpjt-Wimzhkpieo |zt Djtjgbozoc `jt

at `ij Btwkmfjip io Feo|jtpwhjo

mkcjdjo`jo ^ktkmjpjt/ Cjtmkoy( ;92:/

V9] Zsj Wpj~bjoweo( Sij sjt`jo

Wgbkhhpjihgbjo cjdjzcp5Eh`jodztc< Io

Aetpwgbtippj `jt Kfzwpif ( ;921/

V;>] Wpjqjo Dihksgbzf( SBKP GEHET IW MY

DKGFYKT@5 EO PBJ ZWJ EA GEM^ZPJT

OEIWJ ME@JHIOC IO ZTDKO HEGKPIEOW/

Gkok`k( 4>>:/

V;;] ^jpjt Fktkopeoiw jp kh/( Gem~ktiweo ea

Ptkaaig Oeiwj ^tj`igpieow Zwiocpbj Gk`okK

ko` Wezo`^HKO Oeiwj ^tj`igpieo Me`jhw/

Wy`ojy( Kzwptkhik< 4>pb Iopjtokpieokh

Geoctjww eo Kgezwpigw( IGK 4>;>( Kzczwp

4>;>/

V;4] Zsj Wpj~bjoweo( Azo`kmjopkhw ea

Kgezwpigw/ Bkmdztc( Cjtmkoy< Bkajogipy

Zoiqjtwipy( 4>;;/

V;7] "kggjwwj` 4>;;( Kzczwp) gbi`e~i/gem/

VEohioj]/ bpp~>2/

V;:] "kggjwwj` kzczwp 4>;;) kzpe`jwf/gem/

VEohioj]/ bpp~>:/

http://www.chidopi.com/site/http://www.chidopi.com/site/http://usa.autodesk.com/http://usa.autodesk.com/http://usa.autodesk.com/http://www.chidopi.com/site/