TEXT 2You are going to read an article about online safety. For questions 1-8, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.BE WEB WISEProtect your computer by all means, but dont forget to protect yourself, advices web safety expert, Amanda Knox.We\'re always being urged to stay safe online. But in an era where the internet is part of our everyday lives - for work, fun, study, shopping, even managing finances - it\'s not always easy to spot the dangers. Web safety expert, Amanda Knox, explores some of the issues lurking in cyberspace.Her first piece of advice is to install software and a firewall to protect your computer from viruses, hackers and criminals who want to steal your data or financial information. \"Think of these as your first line of defence,\" says Amanda.So much for protecting yourself against intruders, but what about other problems? Say you\'ve accidentally deleted an important file or you\'ve been at the mercy of a natural disaster. Katy Marsh runs an online photography business from home and when a fire destroyed part of her house it could easily have spelled ruin for her business too. \"Luckily I keep a regular back-up of my data so it wasn\'t a catastrophe.\" Amanda advises that while back-ups are good to have we must ensure we protect our computers to start with.Whilst most of us are aware of the need to protect our computers, it seems we\'re more lax when it comes to looking out for ourselves, at least according to a recent web awareness survey. Web safety specialists say better personal awareness is needed and this is due in part to the rise of \'Social Networking\' sites like \'Bebo\', \'MySpace\' and \'Facebook\', which allow us to connect with people around the world with similar interests and professional backgrounds. Chris Simpson, a computer programmer, learnt the hard way. \"I joined a free online networking group in the hope of making some professional contacts to help me find a new job. After a month, one of my online contacts invited me to take out a subscription to a club that promised access to a network of job recruiters. It turned out to be a waste of money. I ended up a laughing stock with my mates - they couldn\'t believe that someone in my job could get taken in so easily.\" No wonder then that Amanda warns, \"It\'s easy to get complacent and let our guard down when we meet someone with the same interests online.\"This brings us to other potential pitfalls. Are the people you meet online who they really claim to be? Can you be sure the person you\'re chatting with is in fact a 22-year-old Maths undergraduate from London and not someone merely masquerading as a student to win your trust? Khaled, a postgrad from Manchester University, quickly realised that it was unwise of him to post his phone number and email address in the public forum of an online academic discussion group. He was soon bombarded with unwanted emails and nuisance phone calls. Yet, it\'s astonishing how many highly educated people do this without considering the consequences that anyone in the world could use the information to make (unwanted) contact.When networking and joining online communities it\'s better to be cautious about the amount of personal information you share. For example, it isn\'t always necessary to use your real name as a username when registering for a service. You could instead use a pseudonym, or a name that doesn\'t give away your real identity to other users. And is it really important to tell the world details about your school, college or any local clubs you\'re a member of? Sometimes it pays to be a little vague and simply say something like \'I\'m studying at college in Madrid at the moment and I\'m a member of a local tennis club\'.If you do experience problems from another user be prepared to report them for misusing the service. You\'ll be doing other users a favour too. And if all else fails, check to see if it is easy to delete your account and leave the service if you choose to and that you have the option to delete all your details.A general rule of thumb is not to post any information about yourself that you would not be happy for the world to know - not just now but in years to come. This includes photographs of yourself, particularly embarrassing shots of you at that party which you may later regret! It\'s not always easy to remove information after it\'s been posted so you - not to mention your future employer - may have an unpleasant surprise a few years down the line.1. Inthe second paragraph the phrase \'first line of defence\' suggests somethinga) is the only option.b) offers protection.c) is an instruction.d) shows weakness.2. The effect of the fire wasa) worse for Katy\'s business than her home.b) to ruin Katy\'s business.c) not as serious for Katy\'s business as it could have been.d) to make Katy start to back up her data.3. According to the web awareness survey, our attitude to our personal safety is rathera) relaxed.b) concerned.c) positive.d) uncertain.4. Chris first joined the networking groupa) because it promised him a job.b) in order to make friends and have fun.c) to assist him in a job search.d) because it didn\'t cost him anything.5. Regarding Khaled\'s experience, the writer is surprised thata) people telephone complete strangers.b) people don\'t think of the results of their actions online.c) university students take part in online discussions.d) people sent emails to Khaled without asking permission.6. What tip does the writer give for joining an online community?a) Always use a false name.b) Make sure you are properly registered.c) Limit the information you give to others.d) Tell other users where you\'re studying.7. The writer says that you should report troublesome usersa) because other people will benefit.b) so you can stop using the service.c) only if nothing else works.d) if you want to delete your own details.8. Inthe final paragraph, the writer advises peoplea) not to put photos online.b) to apply for a job online.c) not to have any personal information online.d) to consider what may cause problems in the future.ANSWER KEYTEXT2:1.B2. C3. A4. C5. B6. C7. A8. D

TEXT 3You are going to read a magazine article about crime prevention. For Questions 1-8, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.A recent survey of crime statistics shows that we are all more likely to be burgled now than 20 years ago and the police advise everyone to take a few simple precautions to protect their homes.

The first fact is that burglars and other intruders prefer easy opportunities, like a house which is very obviously empty. This is much less of a challenge than an occupied house, and one which is well-protected. A burglar will wonder if it is worth the bother.

There are some general tips on how to avoid your home becoming another crime statistic. Avoid leaving signs that your house is empty. When you have to go out, leave at least one light on as well as a radio or television, and do not leave any curtains wide open. The sight of your latest music centre or computer is enough to tempt any burglar.

Never leave a spare key in a convenient hiding place. The first place a burglar will look is under the doormat or in a flower pot and even somewhere more \'imaginative\' could soon be uncovered by the intruder. It is much safer to leave a key with a neighbour you can trust. But if your house is in a quiet, desolate area be aware that this will be a burglar\'s dream, so deter any potential criminal from approaching your house by fitting security lights to the outside of yourhouse.

But what could happen if, in spite of the aforementioned precautions, a burglar or intruder has decided to target your home? Windows are usually the first point of entry for many intruders. Downstairs windows provide easy access while upstairs windows can be reached with a ladder or by climbing up the drainpipe. Before going to bed you should double-check that all windows and shutters are locked. No matter how small your windows may be, it is surprising what a narrow gap a determined burglar can manage to get through. For extra security, fit window locks to the inside of the window.

What about entry via doors? Your back door and patio doors, which are easily forced open, should have top quality security locks fitted. Even though this is expensive it will be money well spent. Install a burglar alarm if you can afford it as another line of defence against intruders.

A sobering fact is that not all intruders have to break and enter into a property. Why go to the trouble of breaking in if you can just knock and be invited in? Beware of bogus officials or workmen and, particularly if you are elderly, fit a chain and an eye hole so you can scrutinise callers at your leisure. When you do have callers never let anybody into your home unless you are absolutely sure they are genuine. Ask to see an identity card, for example.

If you are in the frightening position of waking in the middle of the night and think you can hear an intruder, then on no account should you approach the intruder. Far better to telephone the police and wait for help.1Awell-protected house:A is less likely to be burgled.B is regarded as a challenge by most criminals.C is a lot of bother to maintain.D is very unlikely to be burgled.

2 According to the writer, we should:A avoid leaving our house empty.B only go out when we have to.C always keep the curtains closed.D give the impression that our house is occupied when we go out.

3 The writer thinks that hiding a key under a doormat or flower pot:A is a predictable place to hide it.B is a useful place to hide it.C is imaginative.D is where you always find a spare key.

4 The \'aforementioned precautions\' refer to steps that:A will tell a burglar if your house is empty or not.B are the most important precautions to take to make your home safe.C will stop a potential burglar.D will not stop an intruder if he has decided to try and enter your home.

5 Gaining entry to a house through a small window:A is surprisingly difficult.B is not as difficult as people think.C is less likely to happen than gaining entry through a door.D is tried only by very determined burglars.

6 According to the writer, window locks, security locks and burglar alarms:A cost a lot of money but are worth it.B are good value for money.C are luxury items.D are absolutely essential items.

7 The writer argues that fitting a chain and an eye hole:A will prevent your home being burgled.B avoids you having to invite people into your home.C is only necessary for elderly people.D gives you time to check if the visitor is genuine.

8 The best title for the text is:A Increasing household crime.B Protecting your home from intrudersC What to do if a burglar breaks into your home.D Burglary statistics.ANSWER KEYTEXT 3:1. A2. D3. A4. D5. B6. A7. D8. B

PART 1: British Management: Multiple ChoiceChoose the answers you think fit best according to the text.BRITISH MANAGEMENTAccording to an article in Management Today, the British manager still stops work for tea. The French managing director of Novotel, the hotel group, tells what happened at his first management meeting when he took over its English operation in 1991:"The meeting was in the afternoon, and it got to about 3.30 and everyone started looking at their watches. I didn't know what was going on. I turned to my secretary, who was English, and she said that they probably wanted to break for tea. I couldn't understand it. In France we just carry on until we have finished. Now we always break for tea."I am not sure how many English managers now break for tea. Not that many, I imagine. Twenty years ago it was commonplace. I will never forget a Canadian sales director, pink with fury, telling me at that time how he had been offered tea and biscuits at three in the afternoon in Northampton: "I come three thousand miles, and take three taxis and a damn steam engine into the sticks, and I wanna do business, and this guy gives me a `nice cup of China tea and a biccy'. What IS he?" Mind you, this was the same man who in Rome told his Italian agent that the Colosseum would make a nice parking lot.It is not so much the cup of tea as the pint of bitter that managers from outside Britain find a bar to efficiency. In the article, a German manager tells how when he first took over a job in Britain, he discovered that at lunchtime and especially on Fridays, the majority of his management team left for the pub. He says: "I stopped that right away. Now they are not allowed off the premises. It didn't make me very popular at the time but it is not good for efficiency. There is no way we would do that in Germany. No way."According to European managers the British are still too concerned with class and status. A German says: "People say that the class system is a hindrance to progress and then two weeks later you overhear them discussing a colleague and saying, `Well, he is not very well-spoken, is he?'" And another says: "The class gaps translate into big gulfs in the pay league, too. In Germany, I might earn three times more than my secretary. Here it is five times."Some criticisms are rather like those levelled at Japanese management. For example, talking about status, a Dutch manager says: "A director is God here. They respect him and think that he is right even when he is wrong. It's quite difficult to have an open conversation. People will not say `I disagree'."Too great an interest in money is also criticised. A Dutch manager says: "My first impression on coming to Britain was that profit seemed to be the most important thing." And a Frenchman points out the difference between the UK and France: "In France there is no pressure on the bottom line."The French manager also points out a difference in educational standards: "In France all the secretaries, or personal assistants as we call them, would have degrees. You wouldn't consider recruiting one without a degree. So, that means you can delegate much more to the secretaries in France. In the UK you cannot do that so much."

1. In the middle of the afternoonA. everyone checked their watches.B. hinted that it was teatime.C. took a break.D. noticed it was 3.30.2. In the pastA. managers usually had a teabreak.B. offered visitors China tea.C. wasted a lot of time drinking tea.D. drank a lot of tea.3. The CanadianA. was impressed by the Englishman's good manners.B. had travelled a long way.C. liked to do business.D. considered his time was being wasted.4. Why did the Canadian say the Colosseum would make a nice parking lot?A. He had nowhere to park.B. He was joking.C. He was worried about Rome's traffic problems.D. He was envious of Italy's glorious past.5. The German didn't like his managers going to the pub becauseA. he was against drink.B. they got drunk.C. it made them inefficient.D. he believed playing sports would be better for them.6. To stop them going to the pub, the managersA. were ordered to stay in the office.B. were given free lunches in the office.C. played team games in the lunch-hour.D. had meetings at lunchtime.7. In Britain, managers are paid much more than their secretaries because ofA. sexism.B. education.C. class.D. elocution.8. English and Japanese managers are similar in that theyA. are tactful.B. like tea.C. avoid disagreement.D. have a superiority complex.9. In comparison with the British secretary, a French secretaryA. is better paid. B. has more status. C. is better spoken. D. can take more responsibility.

Check your answers.1.. A 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. D

PART 1: Comprehension Multiple ChoiceChoose the answers you think fit best according to the text.

NOISEThe world ought to be a quieter place. Anti-noise has hit the marketplace. It means, for example, that refrigerators will no longer whine, vacuum cleaners no longer roar, and washing machines no longer rumble. It may even soon be possible to cancel out the low-frequency throb of the teenage stereo blasting its bass through the wall from the flat next door. Already Toshiba has introduced a silent refrigerator. Built into the fridge is a system that silences the hum of the motor by firing anti-noise at it.What is anti-noise? It is the exact opposite of a particular sound. It peaks when the other sound dips, and dips when the other sound wave peaks. The anti-sound is fired at the unwanted sound through a loudspeaker. The two waves cancel each other out, like ripples meeting each other on a pond. The rest is silence.There must, however, be a perfect match, otherwise you end up with double the din. Thus anti-noise has had to wait for the microprocessor in order to be effective. The microprocessor can monitor the unwanted sound and respond in milliseconds.A typical active noise cancellation system has been sold to a railway company in the United States. The company unloads grain from trains by using giant vacuum tubes. These tubes produce as much noise a jet taking off. After installing the system, the noise was reduced to the level of an air-conditioner's hum. Forty were installed, to the relief of Americans living near railway unloading points.In the aircraft industry, active noise cancellation is contributing to a revival in propeller-driven passenger aircraft, which passengers disliked because of their noise. The first test flight with an anti-noise system took off in 1989. The system has now move on from research to commercial development, with passengers likely to hear the benefits in a year or two.In the car industry, conventional mufflers generate back-pressure, which forces the engine to work harder. An active noise canceller removes the need for sound-absorbing chambers, and improves fuel consumption by as much as six per cent. From the point of view of saving fuel, car makers are keen to install the technology.It won't be long before silent washing machines, fridges and vacuum cleaners are in the High Street shops. Electrolux has signed an agreement to manufacture the technology which should be on the market by 1994.The trouble is, once you remove one noise, you become more aware of all the others. How will we be able to shut up the sparrows at five in the morning?

1. Which title best suits the passage?A. Towards a Quieter WorldB. The Noise-BustersC. A Better LifeD. Anti-Noise2. Next year, silent devices will beA. sold.B. installed.C. available.D. consumed.3. On a pop recording, the bass emits a loud low-frequencyA. beat.B. blast.C. boom.D. bang.4. What anti-noise does isA. compensate for noise.B. react with noise.C. camouflage noise.D. neutralise noise.5. Anti-noise works by being onA. the same wavelength.B. a completely different wavelength.C. a higher-frequency wavelength.D. a diametrically opposed wavelength.6. What does the microprocessor do?A. It checks the sound.B. It records the sound.C. It responds to sound.D. It reacts to low frequencies.7. After the anti-noise devices were installed, the life of the people living near the railway wasA. comforted.B. consoled.C. enlivened.D. eased.8. Because of anti-noise, propeller-driven aircraft areA. making a come-back.B. cropping up.C. being renovated.D. becoming fashionable.9. Cars will have anti-noise devices because theyA. make the streets quieter.B. reduce back-pressure.C. improve fuel consumption.D. remove the need for sound-absorbing chambers.PART 1: Comprehension Multiple ChoiceCheck your answers.1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. C