Reading Skills: Identify the Writer’s PurposeReading Skills: Identify the Writer’s Purpose

3 clues for readers to identify the kinds of writings:informational writing: facts and evidence but not

opinions or judgments

persuasive writing: emotional appeals with opinions and arguments, evaluating language(good/bad, right/wrong, horrifying/wonderful, etc.

Texts written to entertain: informal, simple structure

New words and Expressions in New words and Expressions in Text BText B

Key words & expressions of B.doc

Ceremony: Ceremony: 奥运会开幕式；颁奖典礼奥运会开幕式；颁奖典礼

The opening ceremony of the Olympic Games; the award ceremony

Include Include 包括 包括 exclude exclude 不包括；把……不包括；把……排除在外排除在外

假如你想保持身材苗条，有一些食物是应该假如你想保持身材苗条，有一些食物是应该排除在你的饮食之外的。排除在你的饮食之外的。

There are some foods that you should try to exclude from your meals if you want to stay

slim.

Beneath: Beneath: I took oof my shoes and felt the soft grass I took oof my shoes and felt the soft grass

beneath my bare feet.beneath my bare feet.

我脱掉鞋子，感觉赤脚下柔软的青草。

Respective: Respective: 各自的各自的My wife and I are going to visit our My wife and I are going to visit our

respective mothers.respective mothers.

我和我妻子打算去看望我们各自的母亲。

Conquest n. Conquer v.: Conquest n. Conquer v.: 征服；占领 征服；占领 The Normans conquered England in 1066.The Normans conquered England in 1066.

诺曼人于 1066 年征服了英格兰。

Whistle: Whistle: 吹口哨；口哨声吹口哨；口哨声The referee whistled and the game was The referee whistled and the game was

over.over.

裁判吹响了口哨，比赛结束了。

Approximate: Approximate:

Underground: Underground: The cables all run underground.The cables all run underground.

An underground publicationAn underground publicationunderground activitiesunderground activities

电缆都铺在地下。地下出版物

地下活动

Spur: Spur: 激励；刺激激励；刺激The government cut the interest rates to The government cut the interest rates to

spur demand. spur demand. The coach spurred his players to fight The coach spurred his players to fight

harder.harder.

政府削减利率来刺激需求。教练鞭策他的队员们更加努力地拼搏。

Equivalent: Equivalent: 相当的；相等的相当的；相等的At the very beginning, many Chinese words, At the very beginning, many Chinese words,

such as dim sum and litchi, have no such as dim sum and litchi, have no English equivalents.English equivalents.

最初，一些中文单词在英语里并没有对应词。

Pray: Pray: 祈祷；祈求祈祷；祈求Many western people don’t go to the church Many western people don’t go to the church

to pray now.to pray now.We are praying for a fine day.We are praying for a fine day.

我们祈求一个好天气。

Accuse: Accuse: 指责；控告指责；控告The middle-aged man has been accused of The middle-aged man has been accused of

murdering his wife.murdering his wife.The girl accused her boyfriend of not being The girl accused her boyfriend of not being

generous.generous.

这个中年男子被指控谋杀了他的妻子。女孩指责她的男朋友不够大方。

Optimistic Optimistic 乐观的 乐观的 Pessimistic: Pessimistic: 悲观的悲观的She was very depressed and pessimistic She was very depressed and pessimistic

about the future.about the future.His conclusions in this respect were His conclusions in this respect were

generally pessimistic.generally pessimistic.

她很沮丧，对将来很悲观。他在这方面的结论总的来说很悲观。

Reckon: Reckon: 估计；计算估计；计算Prices are reckoned to have increased by Prices are reckoned to have increased by

20% during November.20% during November.My pay is reckoned from the first of the My pay is reckoned from the first of the

month.month.

据估计， 11 月份的价格上涨了 20% 。我的工资从这个月的第一天算起。

For short: serving a short formFor short: serving a short formThe United Nations is called UN for short.The United Nations is called UN for short.

联合国简称 UN.

Behind schedule: Behind schedule: 比预定时间比预定时间 // 计划晚计划晚The plane is two hours behind The plane is two hours behind

schedule.//The plane is two hours late.schedule.//The plane is two hours late.We finished our job ahead of schedule.We finished our job ahead of schedule.

飞机晚点两个小时。我们提前完成了工作。

But for If (it is) not for…: But for If (it is) not for…: 要不是要不是The Earth would be a frozen ball if (it were) The Earth would be a frozen ball if (it were)

not for the sunshine. not for the sunshine.

要不是太阳光，地球可能已经成了冰球了。

Have … in common: Have … in common: Though they are twins, they have little in Though they are twins, they have little in

common in terms of personality.common in terms of personality.

她们尽管是双胞胎，但性格差别很大。

By far: By far: Jane is by far the best student in the class.Jane is by far the best student in the class.

It’s quicker by far to go by train.It’s quicker by far to go by train.

珍妮显然是班上最好的学生。乘火车要快得多。

In case: In case: 万一万一When you go to the concert tonight, take an When you go to the concert tonight, take an

umbrella with you in case it rains.umbrella with you in case it rains.Please remind me of the meeting on Friday Please remind me of the meeting on Friday

in time in case I forget.in time in case I forget.

你们今晚去听音乐会时要带上雨伞，以防下雨。

请及时提醒我周五开会的事，免得我忘记。

Ex XVIIIEx XVIII1. As soon as he entered the office, the 1. As soon as he entered the office, the

director asked his secretary of the genera director asked his secretary of the genera manager’s train was behind schedule.manager’s train was behind schedule.

2. Women are excluded from the temple.2. Women are excluded from the temple.3. North Atlantic Treaty Organization is 3. North Atlantic Treaty Organization is

NATO for short.NATO for short.4. He has a lot in common with his sister 4. He has a lot in common with his sister

Kate.Kate.5. The use of typewriters in offices is dying out.

6. The building where my department is located goes back to the 19th century.

7. By far the most important issue for them 7. By far the most important issue for them is unemployment.is unemployment.

8. Given his poor health, he’s done a good 8. Given his poor health, he’s done a good job.job.