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READING S
IGNPO
STS
ST
RE
NG
TH
EN
I NG
YO
UR
RE
AD
I NG
SK
I LL S
CONTRASTS & CONTRADICTIONS
• When author’s show us something that doesn’t fit with what we expect
• Example: teacher mood/behavior
• ASK: why would the character act this way?
• Helps recognize: • Character development• Internal conflict• The relationship of setting to the plot.
• Let’s Read: All Summer in a Day• Where do you see contrasts or contradictions in character
behavior?• How does the author use these contrasts or contradictions to
prove his point?
AHA! MOMENT READING SIGNPOST• The moment when a character realizes or understands something that he
has not previously known (could be sudden or slow growing).
• Helps recognize: • If the character figured out a problem, you probably just learned about the
conflict. • If the character figured understood a life lesson, you probably just learned the
theme.
• Look for: “I realized” or “I understand”
• ASK : How might this change things?
• Examples of Aha moments: • When you are in class and remember that you were supposed to study for that
test. • When you read through the texts from that boy/girl you’re crushing on and
suddenly realize that they like you too! • Other examples?
AHA! MOMENTS: AUTHOR CLUES…
• What author’s sometimes include as clues to “aha moments”:
-Suddenly, I realized…
-In an instant I saw…
-It came to me in a flash…
-I now knew…
-I finally understood that…
• Example from the text: Rules of the Game?
• Let’s take a look…
WORDS OF THE WISER SIGNPOST
• When a character takes the main character aside and offers serious, critical, or important advice.
• Helps recognize:• Theme
• ASK: What’s the life lesson and how might it affect the character?
• Example: Waverly’s mom– She repeatedly gives advice, but Waverly sticks with one piece of advice the most- as a way to win chess (and at life). What is it?
AGAIN & AGAIN (REPETITION) SIGNPOST
• When something is repeated we should pay attention.
• Helps find:• Plot• Characters• Mood• Theme
• ASK: Why does this happen again and again?
• Example: All Summer in a Day- repetition of Margot’s separateness.
• Rules of the Game- the repetition of “wind” whenever she was thinking about something at a pivotal moment—pointed to the theme about getting what she wants through “The art of invisible strength” (just like the wind).
• Look at The Tell Tale Heart. Where do you see repetition?
PRACTICE WHAT YOU’VE LEARNED
• While reading “Everyday Use” annotate for the four signposts we’ve learned so far (in small groups).
• Contrasts & Contradictions
• Aha! Moments
• Words of the Wiser
• Again & Again (repetition)
• (hint: annotate means to highlight where you see examples of the listed signposts and make comments about what it means in the margins)
MEMORY MOMENT SIGNPOST
• When you’re reading and the author interrupts the action to tell you a memory.
• Helps find:• Theme• Conflict• Might foreshadow what will happen later in the story.
• ASK: Why might this memory be important?
MEMORY MOMENT AUTHOR CLUES
• Authors sometimes say…
-“I remembered the first time I met him...”
-“In that very moment, the memory came flooding back…”
-“My dad liked to tell the story about…”
-“This picture reminded me of the time when…”
• Can you think of what else the authors say to set up a memory moment?
• While reading Brownies annotate for the Memory Moment—ask yourself “Why might this be important?”.
TOUGH QUESTIONS SIGNPOST
• When you’re reading and the characters asks him/herself a tough/really difficult question.
• Helps find:• Internal (and external) conflict• Theme• Insight into characters• Ideas about what will happen later in the story
• Examples of tough questions in our life:• When someone passes away “How will I move forward?”• When someone breaks up with us “How will I ever get over this?”• When you are faced with a social choice “Am I brave enough to say
no?”• When looking at an impossible choice “What should I do?”
TOUGH QUESTIONS CONT…
• Who do we usually discuss the tough questions with? • Ourselves• Parents• Friends• Characters are the same!
• ASK: What does this question make me wonder about?
• Example: Annotate The Most Dangerous Game and look for the tough questions the characters ask (or the reader asks!)
SUMMARY OF SIGNPOSTS• Contrasts & Contradictions:• Why is this character doing that? (Predictions, conflict, inferences) • Words of the Wiser:• What’s the life lesson and how might it affect the character? (theme)• Aha Moment:• How might this change things? (conflict, theme)• Again & Again:• Why does this keep happening again & again? (conflict, theme,
foreshadow)• Memory Moment:• Why might this memory be important? (theme, conflict, foreshadowing)• Tough Questions:• What does this question make me wonder about? (conflict,
foreshadowing, plot development)
TITLES
• What do titles indicate?• Theme• Symbols• Central conflicts
• What do these titles tell us?
• Rules of the Game
• The Tell Tale Heart
• Everyday Use
BEGINNINGS AND ENDINGS
• When you wrote a personal narrative, what was included in the beginning and ending paragraph?
• What information might you find out in the beginning and ending of a story?• Theme or life lesson• Central characters• Central conflict• The relationship between setting, characters, and theme
• Think about…• All Summer in a Day• Brownies• Everyday Use