Reach Symposium 2010 September 10, 2010 Symposium_2010_Septe… · Water Ground Water Agriculture Wastewater (Blackwater + Graywater) Directly used as soil-conditioner (3%) Wastewater

Reach Symposium

Th E i H l h d LifTh E i H l h d Lif

October 10October 10--12, 201012, 2010

T h l i ith Mi i l E i t l F t i t

Theme: Environment, Health and LifeTheme: Environment, Health and Life

Technologies with Minimal Environmental Footprint: Technologies with Minimal Environmental Footprint: Search for Scientific Solutions with Traditional Wisdom

Vi d TVinodVinod TareTare-IIT Kanpur

EutrophicationCausative AgentsSolutionsRealization Realization –– P BanP BanCondition of Rivers and Lakes

Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator

December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod Tare

IIT Kanpur

Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010

Ozone HoleCausative AgentsSolutionsRealization Realization –– Ban CFCsBan CFCs

Sources that harm lozone layer



IIT Kanpur


Encourages Water ConsumptionDoes Not Reduce Nutrient Pollution Requires Expensive Piped Infrastructure and Treatment Facilities

Pollutes the Earth and/or Bodies of Water with the Concept “Solution to Pollution is Dilution”

…Is Unsustainable

P S i i M d lChemical Fertilizer

Present Sanitation ModelPresent Sanitation Model

Water SupplyFood

As organic fertilizer

Directly used

Surface Water

Ground Water

AgricultureWastewater

(Blackwater + Graywater)

Directly used as soil-conditioner

(3%)

WastewaterTreatment

PlantUntreated Wastewater

Composting (2%)

Land-Filling (95%)POLLUTION

Sludge

POLLU

Partially Treated Effluent



IIT Kanpur


POLLUTIONTION

Thirteen actions must be prohibited on arrival at the sacred water of the Ganga, namely: Defecation, ablutions, ……..

• This doctrine has been misunderstood/inappropriately followed!

Brought the concept of BOD/COD limits 30 mg/l/250 mg/l.

Legalized defecation in water bodies

“The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write but

A Paradigm Shift in Human Excreta Management Practices: Blend of Advanced Technologies with Traditional Wisdom

The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn.”

-Alvin Toffler“R hi ki h F ”“Rethinking the Future”

A Paradigm Shift

Pay rather than Charge

Use Rather than Waste

Do business and not only Service Do business and not only Service


December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur

Briefing on Green ToiletsKrishi Bhawan, New Delhi

Vinod TareIIT Kanpur


y

Alternative Mode Alternative Mode -- EcoSanEcoSan

Ground WaterW S l

Surface Water

Reuse

Food

WaterWater Supply

Yellow water Gray water

AsOrganic Fertilizer

Recycle

T

Agriculture

Yellow water Gray water

Black water

Treatment

Solid-Liquid Separation

Rec

ycle

Solid/Fecal Treatment

Composting



IIT Kanpur


/Matter Liquid Treatment

A Simple Device



IIT Kanpur


A Simple Device: Solid-Liquid Separator



IIT Kanpur


A Simple Device: Solid-Liquid Separator



IIT Kanpur


The System for the Houseboats



IIT Kanpur


Start: First Toilet at IITK Campus



IIT Kanpur


Community Zero Discharge Toilet D lhi G P li S i Ali h@ Delhi Gate Police Station @ Delhi Gate Police Station -- AligarhAligarh



IIT Kanpur


Community Zero Discharge Toilet D lhi G P li S i Ali h@ Delhi Gate Police Station @ Delhi Gate Police Station -- AligarhAligarh

The Back End

The Front End



IIT Kanpur


First Prototype Mounted on SR 08224



IIT Kanpur


Zero Discharge Environmental Friendly Toilet P t bl V i @ Sh i C t IIT KPortable Version @ Shopping Centre, IIT KanpurPortable Version @ Shopping Centre, IIT Kanpur



IIT Kanpur


Schematics Representation of a Typical Community Toilet System

Evaporation & Liquid/Powder QEW

QEWQFO

Flush Water

WLoss

Concentration FertilizerTank

Fresh Water Tank

QU + QFM

QF

Q

S – L – S Precomposting

WS + WR

TankQAC

Pump Hand/Motor Pump

Hand/Motor

Solid Reactor

WS

Slurry Tank

Filtered Solution Tank WExcess

WR

Recycle

Overflow Collection

VermicompostingQFR Intermediate

Slurry Tank



IIT Kanpur


Overflow Collection Tank

WVC

Schematics Representation of a Typical Community Toilet System

Legend:Q=Liquid flow rate (l/day); W=Solid flow rate (kg/day); S-L-S=Solid-Liquid SeparatorLiquid Separator

Subscript Legend: FO=Fresh water; F=Water flushed; AC=Water used for anal cleaning; FO=Fresh water; F=Water flushed; AC=Water used for anal cleaning; U=Urine; FM=Fecal matter; FR=Flush water recycled; EW=Excess water removed for treatment; EV=Water evaporated; S=Slurry; R=Compost used for mixing; LOSS=Loss due to evaporation and R Compost used for mixing; LOSS Loss due to evaporation and decomposition; EXCESS=Excess precompost produced; VC=Vermi compost produced



IIT Kanpur


Paradigm ShiftEnergy from waste (as electricity from biogas) is waste of energy

Use human feces for producing quality Organic Manure than Biogas

Get Urea, Ammonia, Potash and Phosphate from Urine than Fertilizer Industries



IIT Kanpur


At the Toilet site

Transport of Fecal Slurry from the Toilet to the Humanure PlantToilet to the Toilet to the Humanure Plant

Back End of the Community Toilet at Aligarh

Transfer of Fecal Slurry at the Toilet

Site



IIT Kanpur


Aligarh Site

Treatment Plant or Treatment Plant or HumanureHumanure Plant!Plant!

Mixing and Pre‐composting

Excess Source Separated Flush Water• Enhanced Solar Evaporation Pond

• Microbial Treatment• Chemical Treatment

– Struvite (Ca, Mg) (K, NH4) (PO4)Co‐precipitation of montgomeryite,



IIT Kanpur


Co precipitation of montgomeryite,brucite, epsomite

Vermibins

Business!Quality FertilizerCarbon CreditsCleaner Water BodiesPrevent Desertification of Dry Lands and Even Arrest Climate Changes

Equivalent Reduction in CO2

Emissions (Carbon

Energy Savings

MW

Plausible Recovery

MT (Credits)

MT

0.2

9.2

172

2835

0.12

1.5

PN

9.8

0.4

3292

2850.75

TotalK



IIT Kanpur


Old Cities/Towns – Sewage is a Source of Water, Organics and Nutrients

Reuse

TOWNSHIPWastewater PC MBR

UVShift:Disposal to Water Recycle

Vermicomposting

Organic Fertilizer

p yOxidation of Organics to Sludge ProductionBiogas to Quality Manure

FOOD

Agriculture

Biogas to Quality Manure

NutrientInfluent Loading

Effluent Loading Sludge Nutrient ContentProposed Conventional Proposed Conventional

Comparison of Nutrient Leakage



IIT Kanpur


Kg/dN 3336.00 2099.60 2620.60 1236.40 715.40

P 750.60 517.50 615.70 233.10 134.90

Paradigm Shift in Wastewater Treatment

High Biomass Growth High F/M ratio Low MLSSLow Oxygen Requirement, Better nutrient capture; Clarification ?o O yge equ e e t, ette ut e t captu e; C a cat o ?Membrane Filtration High MLSS; Membrane Performance at Low MLSS?Subsequent combined composting-vermicomposting of excess biomass toproduce good quality organic manure for agricultural usep g q y g g

HighHigh--Growth Membrane BioreactorGrowth Membrane Bioreactor



IIT Kanpur


Lab-scale high-growth MBR

Volume of reactor : 10 LVolume of hopper bottom : 2.5 LVolume of membrane housing: 7.5 L

1 aeration tank; 2 sludge zone; 3 sludge waste outlet; 4 flow controller; 5 membrane housing; 6h ll fib b 7 ti 8 d 9 i l i



IIT Kanpur


hollow fibre membrane; 7 suction pump; 8 compressor; and 9 air supply pipe

Scale-up high-growth MBR

6

99

3

4

566

67 8 8

110 11

Volume of aeration tank: 50 L

Section at A-A:

2 23 12

13

1 aeration tank (flow channel); 2 motor; 3 pulley; 4 belt; 5 gear box; 6 gear; 7 axle; 8 bearing; 9rotor; 10 hollow fibre membrane; 11 PVC pipe; 12 vacuum gauge; 13 suction pump



IIT Kanpur


rotor; 10 hollow fibre membrane; 11 PVC pipe; 12 vacuum gauge; 13 suction pump

Paradigm Shift in Wastewater Treatment

MLSS Window 1000 - 2500 mg/L High F/M ratio, for better nutrientcapture and effluent quality comparable to conventional MBR operation.yThe activated composting-cum-vermicomposting system potentially convertsand recycles sewage sludge into nutrients-rich organic fertilizerLow availability of heavy metals: Ni>Fe>Mn>Pb>Cu≈Co>Cd≈Zn≈Cr>As



IIT Kanpur


Thank You !a ou !

Documents

Reach Symposium 2010 September 10, 2010 Symposium_2010_Septe… · Water Ground Water Agriculture Wastewater (Blackwater + Graywater) Directly used as soil-conditioner (3%) Wastewater