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REACH “LEW” Session #2. 3/7/2009. Mr. Murphy Session focus: Thematic Essays (FRQ’s) on the AP Exam Class structure: Here are the primary focal points of this session:. AP Review. My Review Page:. REACH “LEW” Session #2. 3/7/2009. Please turn off all cell phones Thank You! - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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REACH “LEW” Session #2. 3/7/2009
• Mr. Murphy• Session focus: • Thematic Essays (FRQ’s) on the AP Exam• Class structure:• Here are the primary focal points of this
session:
REACH “LEW” Session #2. 3/7/2009
• Please turn off all cell phones• Thank You!• AP Exam on May 8th, 2009• 12:00 – 3:15• We have more than two months remaining.• Here are some review tips for you to consider
in the coming weeks:
REACH “LEW” Session #2. 3/7/2009
• Overview of the Thematic essay• Thematic Review: A look at the 19th Century• Primary Themes• Critical Chronological Turning points• “Robot” and “PERSIA” Two ways to look at
the analysis of the Thematic Essay• Practice on Thematic Essay Analysis• Composing the introduction
Constructing an AP Thematic Essay
• Thematic Essays will rely heavily on a few basic building blocks:• There will be a central issue that is tied to a
historical movement, person, event, trend, revolution, war treaty…(well, you get the picture)
• They are not looking for you to write as much as you can about the Reformation, for example, though you clearly will have to provide information concerning the topic presented.
Constructing an AP Thematic Essay
• Your strength will be in your ability to provide not only information on the topic, but your ability to – Assess – Evaluate– Comment on– Find the significance of
• The topic…
PERSIA Elaboration
• POLITICAL– Leadership– Military– Types of rule/government– Wars– Treaties– Participation (Parliament, Diet, etc.)– Territorial expansion
PERSIA Elaboration
• ECONOMIC– Trade– Money/barter– Products– Banking– Jobs, work– Standard of living; gap between rich and poor– Taxes– Technology/inventions
PERSIA Elaboration
• RELIGIOUS–Religion/gods/worship–Religious culture/customs–Religious acts by leaders–Religious minorities &
responses
PERSIA Elaboration
• SOCIAL–Gender roles–Family; children–Education–Leisure–Customs–Disease
PERSIA Elaboration
• INTELLECTUAL– Philosophy– Science– Literature– Attitudes, especially toward institutions
• ARTISTIC– Characteristics of art and architecture – Reflection of the era
The 19th century
• Let’s take a look at a critical century in the Western European History: the ninteenth century
• Here is a quick and seemingly obvious hint:• Any time you see a century referred to on the
exam, always convert it to the “hundreds”• It sounds simple, but can make a world of
difference at times.
19th Century Themes:
• Lets take a look at some of the critical theme that shaped the 19th century.
• Remember as you write, try and think about how you might be able to wrote about a particular theme.
• What do you remember?• Are there key events that apply?• Does the theme represent s critical turning point or
change?• Can you assess the importance of this theme?
Conservatism Characteristics: 1815 – 1830
• Strong Landed Aristocracy • Influence of the Church• Monarchies in Power• Family Dynasties• Anti-Constitution• Anti-Nationalist
Ultraroyalism in France in the
1920’s
Ultraroyalism in France in the
1920’s
Habsburg Dynasty resists
Magyar Nationalism
Habsburg Dynasty resists
Magyar Nationalism
Carlsbad Decrees in
German States
Carlsbad Decrees in
German States
Corn Laws; Peterloo
Massacre; Six Acts
Corn Laws; Peterloo
Massacre; Six Acts
Congress of ViennaCongress of Vienna
ExamplesExamples
Liberalism Characteristics 1815 - 1830
• Limit Arbitrary Power• Govt. as consent of the Governed• Representative assemblies• Constitutions• Protect Property of Individuals
Challenge to Bourbon control in France
Challenge to Bourbon control in France
Habsburg Dynasty
confronted by Magyar
Nationalism
Habsburg Dynasty
confronted by Magyar
Nationalism
Nationalist movements in
Habsburg Austria
Nationalist movements in
Habsburg Austria
Student protestors in German
States
Student protestors in German
States
Protesters at Peterloo Protesters at Peterloo
Examples
Examples
Nationalism Characteristics 1815 - 1848
• Popular Sovereignty• National Identity: Language/History• Ethnic Sovereignty• Opposition to Dynasties• Folk Culture• Self-Determination
Challenges to Bourbon control in France
Challenges to Bourbon control in France
Serbia become as independent
State
Serbia become as independent
State
Nationalist movements in
Habsburg Austria
Nationalist movements in
Habsburg Austria
Student protestors in German
States
Student protestors in German
States
Greek Independence
1829
Greek Independence
1829
Examples
Examples
Characteristics of Romanticism
• Imagination• Impact of Nature on Man• Mysticism• God found in Nature• Emotion• Folk Culture
Wordsworth; “My Heart
Leaps Up”
Wordsworth; “My Heart
Leaps Up”
The Brothers Grimm: Fairy
Tales
The Brothers Grimm: Fairy
Tales
William Blake;
“Newton”
William Blake;
“Newton”
Frankenstein;Mary Shelly
Frankenstein;Mary Shelly
John Constable;
Landscapes
John Constable;
Landscapes
ExamplesExamples
Characteristics of the First Industrial Revolution
• Driven by agricultural innovation and population rise
• Critical inventions change methods of manufacture and labor sources
• Britain is advantaged in many areas; will lead the rest of Europe
Socialism will grow as a
response to inequities
Socialism will grow as a
response to inequities
Child labor and women in the work force are
key issues
Child labor and women in the work force are
key issues
Textiles will drive this first
revolution
Textiles will drive this first
revolution
Laissez Faire Economics will create a host of
problems
Laissez Faire Economics will create a host of
problems
Steam engine =
new power source
Steam engine =
new power source
1st Industrial Revolution
1st Industrial Revolution
Characteristics of Utopian Socialism
• Govt. to administer Wealth and Property St. Simon
• Create Ideal Work EnvironmentsRobert Owen
• Re-create communities on agrarian standardsFourier
They questioned
how the market worked
They questioned
how the market worked
They did not decry
Capitalism
They did not decry
Capitalism
These are not
Marxists!!!
These are not
Marxists!!!
All proposed radial ideas in re-structuring
society
All proposed radial ideas in re-structuring
society
Address Industrial impact on Society
Address Industrial impact on Society
IssuesIssues
History of Marxism: “Scientific Socialism”
• Was a response to the “separation ideology” of Utopian Socialists
• Influenced heavily by Hegel; Thesis; Antithesis; Synthesis
• All prior history and conflict is tied to economic inequities
This revolution will never occur
This revolution will never occur
Revolution will create a
classless society
Revolution will create a
classless society
Revolution is a
historical inevitability
Revolution is a
historical inevitability
Proletarians are a new species of
worker
Proletarians are a new species of
worker
Bourgeoisie no longer politically
active
Bourgeoisie no longer politically
active
Marxist Basics
Marxist Basics
Characteristics of the Second Industrial Revolution
• Driven by “New Industries” – Steel, Chemicals Oil
• Electricity is the new power source• Railways, Automobiles create demand for
materials and drive business
Unionism represents a
broader spectrum of
worker
Unionism represents a
broader spectrum of
worker
Women play an
increasingly complex role
Women play an
increasingly complex role
A “degree” of reform
addresses workers issues
A “degree” of reform
addresses workers issues
Re-design of many urban
centers
Re-design of many urban
centers
Greater growth and diversity in the middle
class
Greater growth and diversity in the middle
class
2nd Industrial
Revolution
2nd Industrial
Revolution
Characteristics of the New Age of Imperialism
• Differs greatly from previous colonial eras in both motivation and execution
• Issues of Nationalism, Social Darwinism, Industrial Imperatives and Military motives prevail
• Settlement is less of an issue than access to Raw Materials and Cheap labor
The Far East; S.E. Asia and China; France, Britain
The Far East; S.E. Asia and China; France, Britain
Genocide in the Belgian Congo
Genocide in the Belgian Congo
The Boer War; British and Dutch in South Africa
The Boer War; British and Dutch in South Africa
British control of East Africa: Cape to Cairo
British control of East Africa: Cape to Cairo
Congress of Berlin: 1884-5 Scramble for
Africa
Congress of Berlin: 1884-5 Scramble for
Africa
Critical issues:Critical issues:
Key Dates: 1815
• Big Concepts• Attempt to re-establish the conservative
order/Ancien Regime – avoid any more turmoil• Beginning of Liberal Political thought, • Nationalism in the German States begins to identify
common heritage/language and history• Romanticism in Literature, Art serves as a contrast
to Enlightenment Rationalism
Rise of Nationalism/
Outgrowth from Romanticism
Rise of Nationalism/
Outgrowth from Romanticism
Beginning of Liberalism as Opposition/
England
Beginning of Liberalism as Opposition/
England
Conservatism as “Status Quo” in
Europe
Conservatism as “Status Quo” in
Europe
Congress of Vienna/Re-Est.
of Ancien Regime
Congress of Vienna/Re-Est.
of Ancien Regime
Waterloo and the end of the French Empire
Waterloo and the end of the French Empire
18151815
Key Dates: 1830
• Big Concepts:• Liberal Challenges to the Conservative order
fall largely short of their goals• Nationalism takes root in both Greece and
Serbia, a pre-cursor to the Balkan Crisis• Decembrist Revolt in Russia the first real
challenge to Tsarist control, shows the impact of Napoleonic Code
Decembrist revolt in 1825/ Precedent for
Russian resistance
Decembrist revolt in 1825/ Precedent for
Russian resistance
Poland fails in revolution and
becomes A Russian Possession
Poland fails in revolution and
becomes A Russian Possession
Belgium Gains independence from Holland
Belgium Gains independence from Holland
July Revolution in France/
Conservatism partially
Challenged
July Revolution in France/
Conservatism partially
Challenged
Serbia gains Independence/ Greece in 1829
Serbia gains Independence/ Greece in 1829
18301830
Key Dates: 1832
• Big Concepts:• England is beginning to address the needs of
a growing industrial working class, child labor and the growth of the middle class.
• The Formation of the German Zollverein shows the impact of napoleon and the desire to compete with the West.
• We see the formative stages of a growing Irish Nationalist movement
Daniel O’Connell Pushes for Irish
Nationalism
Daniel O’Connell Pushes for Irish
Nationalism
English Factory Act passed;
addresses Child Labor (1834)
English Factory Act passed;
addresses Child Labor (1834)
The Zollverein is formed in the German States
(1834)
The Zollverein is formed in the German States
(1834)
Catholic Emancipation Act passed in Britain (1829)
Catholic Emancipation Act passed in Britain (1829)
Great Reform Bill is passed in
Britain
Great Reform Bill is passed in
Britain
18321832
Key Dates: 1848
• Big Concepts:• 1848 shows the near European wide conflict
between the forces of Liberalism and Conservatism
• To a large degree, despite temporary gains, liberal politics fails to overthrow the conservative regime
• A key shit is that nationalist movements will now shift from issues of constitutions and representative govts. To those of militarism and national identity
The Communist Manifesto is
published
The Communist Manifesto is
published
Prussia’s Frankfurt
Parliament “defeats”
Liberalism
Prussia’s Frankfurt
Parliament “defeats”
Liberalism
Defeat of Italian “Romantic
Republicanism”
Defeat of Italian “Romantic
Republicanism”
Habsburgs Resist Magyar
Nationalism
Habsburgs Resist Magyar
Nationalism
Revolution in France:
Napoleon III Second Republic
Revolution in France:
Napoleon III Second Republic
18481848
Key Dates: 1871
• Big Concepts:• Germany is unified, and will determine the balance
of power in Europe for the next 70 yrs.• Britain is wavering between the Conservative
ministries of Disraeli and the liberal rule of Gladstone.
• Austria is entering a period of time where they are struggling to exist in an increasingly nationalist Europe
Education Act (1870); Public
Health Act (1875) Britain
Education Act (1870); Public
Health Act (1875) Britain
Paris Commune Repressed in
France
Paris Commune Repressed in
France
Austro- Hungarian
Empire Declared (1867)
Austro- Hungarian
Empire Declared (1867)
Second Reform Act passed in
England (1867)
Second Reform Act passed in
England (1867)
German Empire Proclaimed: Unification Complete
German Empire Proclaimed: Unification Complete
18711871
Key Dates: 1884-5
• Big Concepts• The New Age of Imperialism will subjugate
peoples on Africa and Asia• Alliances in central Europe begin the March to
WWI• The Home Rule issue in Ireland continues to
dig at the British
Van Gogh creates
prodigiously at Arles (1888-9)
Van Gogh creates
prodigiously at Arles (1888-9)
Triple Alliance: Germany,
Austria/Hung and Italy (1882)
Triple Alliance: Germany,
Austria/Hung and Italy (1882)
Gladstone supports Irish
Home Rule/Fabian Society Formed
Gladstone supports Irish
Home Rule/Fabian Society Formed
Tsar Alexander I Assassinated in Russia (1881)
Tsar Alexander I Assassinated in Russia (1881)
Congress of Berlin
partitioned Africa
Congress of Berlin
partitioned Africa
1884-51884-5
Tips for thematic Essays: “ROBOT”
• Read the question• Organize• Brainstorm• Outline• Thesis
“ROBOT”•Read the Question:
• Decide exactly what the question is asking you to do
• Focus on key words that provide direction and focus
• Remember, you are graded on your ability to answer all parts of the question
“ROBOT”•Organize
• Here, you have to consider what type of question it is:
• Compare/contrast• Change over time• Cause and Effect• Type will determine the steps necessary
“ROBOT”• Brainstorm:
• Can you place the topic in its historical context?
• What are the component parts that oyou have to answer
• Can you make three key points, with supporting details?
“ROBOT”• Organize• Here you are to use your graphic organizers• T-charts• Venn Diagrams• You are not composing the essay yet, you are
visualizing your key steps
“ROBOT”• Thesis• Properly done, your thesis will drive the rest
of your essay• The thesis should address the overall theme• It should reflect the fact that you understand
all facets of the question (trigger words)• And, it should address, briefly, three specific
tasks that you intend to address
ROBOT
• The Most common types of FRQ’s (Free Response Questions) are
• One’s that require Analysis/Assessment• Compare and Contrast• Changes over Time• Describe and Discuss
“ROBOT”• Here is a question from the 2003 AP Exam:• ’03 “Compare and contrast political liberalism
with political conservatism in the first half of the nineteenth century in Europe.”
• Now, if we were to apply the ROBOT scenario to this question what might happen?
• Let’s read it first• (I know, we all know how to read…)
“ROBOT”• ’03 “Compare and contrast political liberalism
with political conservatism in the first half of the nineteenth century in Europe.”
• What do our trigger words tell us:• We have to present similarities• We have to present differences• And, we should be able to present some core
characteristics of each.• This really represents the first three steps in ROBOT
“ROBOT”
• ’03 “Compare and contrast political liberalism with political conservatism in the first half of the nineteenth century in Europe.”
• Organize:• Here you have to think visually, and use
graphic organizer to begin to visualize the essay
Cons/Lib: Comp/Contrast
• Differences between• Point 1• Point 2• Point 3
• Similarities between• Point 1• Point 2• Point 3
“ROBOT”
• Thesis that is composed based on your organizational model.
• Remember, the thesis should reflect all aspects of the question.
• So, what are the component parts of the thesis?
Thesis Construction
• There should be an opening where you are able to contextualize the over all topic.
• You need then to address the specific facets of the question; essentially, you let the reader know that you understand the question.
• There should be a some reflection of understanding as you identify specific issues you will address in light of the question.
Thesis Construction
• “Compare and contrast political liberalism with political conservatism in the first half of the nineteenth century in Europe.”
• Start with a big statement contextualizing this issue.
• Reflect the “sides” of the question.• Transition to Body I
Mock Thesis
• “In the aftermath of the Vienna settlement, two seemingly divergent political ideologies seemed to stratify the European political landscape. Though liberalism and conservatism seemed eternally split over issues like constitutional reform, the role of the church in body politic and aristocratic privilege, they were curiously aligned over economic liberalism and their distrust of the lower classes in the political process. The period before 1850 saw conflicts between these groups as well as unified fronts over common adversaries.”
Sample Thematic Essays
• '89: Between 1750 and 1850 more and more Western Europeans were employed in cottage industry and in factory production. Analyze how these two types of employment affected employer-employee relations, working condition, family relations and the standard of living during this period.
Thematic Essay Analysis
• What type of question is this?• How does it fit in to the PERSIA Model?• What type of organizational model might we
use?
Thematic Essay Analysis
• '77: Discuss the origins and evolution of European liberalism as a political movement during the nineteenth century.
Thematic Essay Analysis
• What type of question is this?• How does it fit in to the PERSIA Model?• What type of organizational model might we
use?