RBSP/EFW CDR 2009 9/30-10/1Wesley Cole Radiation Belt Storm Probes Electric Field and Waves Instrument Digital Fields Board Critical Design Review Wesley

RBSP/EFW CDR 2009 9/30-10/1Wesley Cole

Radiation Belt Storm ProbesElectric Field and Waves Instrument

Digital Fields Board

Critical Design Review

Wesley D. Cole (Hardware Design Engineer)

Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics

University of Colorado at Boulder


EFW – DFBScientist

Bob Ergun

EFW-DFB Organization

ProgramManagementMary Bolton

SystemsEngineeringSusan Batiste

DFB – EEWes Cole

FPGA – EEKen Stevens

Parts EngineerCat Brant

QATrent Taylor

System Validation

David Malaspina

FPGA – EEDavid Summers

FPGA – Verification

Magnus Karlsson


EFW Block Diagram

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Electric Fields Requirements

SOURCE REQUIREMENT

EFW-45

Each EFW instrument shall perform interferometric timing measurements at high cadence using independent measurements from each of the paired probes, as follows:

-- for waves of 0.1 mV/m to 300 mV/m, velocity range of 0 to 500 km/s in spin plane, and wave spatial scales of 0.1 to 30 km when inter-probe wave coherence is greater than 0.5

-- cadence: 16,384 samples per second

-- sensitivity: 0.05 mV/m

EFW-46

Each EFW instrument shall measure an electric field component perpendicular to the observatory spin axis (survey), as follows:

-- frequency range: DC to 15 Hz

-- magnitude range: 0 to 500 mV/m, at geocentric distances greater than 2.5 Re

-- cadence: 32 vectors per second

-- sensitivity: 0.3 mV/m or 10% for R > 3.5 Re, 3.0 mV/m for 2.5 Re < R < 3.5 Re

EFW-48

Each EFW instrument shall measure low frequency AC electric field cross-spectra, as follows:

-- frequency range: 10 Hz to 300 Hz

-- magnitude range: 80 dB

-- cadence: 6 seconds

-- sensitivity: 1 x 10-12 V2/m2Hz at 30 Hz, 1 x 10-14 V2/m2Hz at 300 Hz

EFW-49

Each EFW instrument shall measure an electric field component perpendicular to the observatory spin axis (burst), as follows:


-- magnitude range: 0.3 to 500 mV/m

-- cadence: 512 samples per second

-- sensitivity: 1 x 10-12 V2/m2Hz at 30 Hz, 1 x 10-14 V2/m2Hz at 300 Hz

EFW-51

Each EFW instrument shall measure axial electric field components (survey), as follows:


-- magnitude range: 2 mV/m to 500 mV/m

-- cadence: 32 vectors per second

-- sensitivity: 4 mV/m or 20% for R > 3.5 Re, 6 mV/m or 20% for 3.5 Re > R > 2.5 Re, 12 mV/m or 20% for R < 2.5 Re

EFW-52

Each EFW instrument shall measure axial electric field components (burst), as follows:


-- magnitude range: 0.4 to 500 mV/m

-- cadence: 512 samples per second

-- sensitivity: 1 mV/m or 10% @ 50 Hz


EMFISIS SCM and MAG Requirements

SOURCE REQUIREMENT

EFW-35

Each EFW instrument shall be capable of receiving 3D buffered analog search coil signals from the EMFISIS Waves instrument aboard its respective observatory, as follows:


-- noise floor: < 1 x 10-7 nT2/Hz at 100 Hz

-- dynamic range: 90 dB

EFW-207

Each EFW instrument shall be capable of receiving DC-coupled, 3-axis data from the EMFISIS MAG instrument aboard its respective observatory, as follows:

-- through an analog interface

-- frequency range: from DC to 30 Hz

-- noise floor: < 2 nTRMS

-- dynamic range: 80 dB

EFW-43

Each EFW instrument shall measure 3-D low frequency AC magnetic field cross-spectra, as follows:

-- using the EMFISIS search coil signal



-- cadence: every 1 spin

-- sensitivity: 1 x 10-7 nT2/Hz @ 100 Hz

EFW-44

Each EFW instrument shall measure burst AC magnetic field, as follows:

-- using EMFISIS search coil magnetometer data



-- cadence: 512 samples per second, with 1 waveform per 30 ms

-- sensitivity: 0.3 pT/Hz1/2 @ 100 Hz


General Instrument Requirements

SOURCE REQUIREMENT

EFW-1 Each EFW instrument shall be designed for a total lifetime duration of 2 years plus 75 days.

EFW-7

EFW-8

Each EFW instrument shall be capable of operating in an orbit with perigee altitude 500 km to 675 km (TBR) and apogee altitude 30,050 km to 31,250 km (TBR).

Combined with the spacecraft charging model to determine the range of spacecraft potential: ± 225 V

7417-9019

ED&T 3.1.1All parts used in RBSP observatory shall survive a total ionizing dose of 34 krad (Si) without parametric or functional failure.

7417-9019 ED&T 3.1.3.1

Parts susceptible to single event latch-up with linear energy transfer threshold less than 80 MeVsq cm/mg shall not be used in RBSP systems.

7417-9019 ED&T 3.1.3.2

SEUs in parts of non-critical systems shall not compromise flight system health or mission performance. Parts that may be susceptible to SEU shall be identified and submitted with the preliminary parts list to the APL RBSP Radiation Engineer for review.

7417-9019 ED&T 3.1.3.3

Hardware must operate through peak proton and electron flux.

7417-9019

ED&T 3.2

Deep Dielectric Discharge: Parts, assemblies and components shall either have to survive discharge, be grounded with low enough impedance to prevent charging, or shield with enough material to reduce the total accumulated charge below discharge level.

EFW-104 The EFW IDPU shall not exceed 10.37 kg.

DFB allocation: 0.504 kg, per RBSP-EFW-SYS_003D_Mass

EFW-63Each EFW instrument shall not exceed the total power of 11.16 W from the EFW Main 28 V Service.

DFB allocation: 1.8 W, per RBSP-EFW-SYS_004B_Power


EFW-DFB Performance Requirements

Product Type

Packet Name

Source Signals(Internal to DFB)

Measurement Range

Measurement Resolution

Driving Requirement

Survey Waveforms

E_SVY E12DC, E34DC, E56DC ± 1 V/m 30 uV/m EFW-45

V_SVY V1DC, V2DC, V3DC, V4DC, V5DC, V6DC

± 225 V 6 mV EFW-46

EFW-51

MAG_SVY MAGU, MAGV, MAGW ± 5 V

Burst Waveforms

E_B1 E12DC, E34DC, E56DC ± 1 V/m 30 uV/m EFW-49

EFW-52

V_B1 V1DC, V2DC, V3DC, V4DC, V5DC, V6DC

± 225 V 6 mV EFW-45

SCM_B1 SCMU, SCMV, SCMW ± 5 V EFW-44

E_B2 E12DC, E34DC, E56DC,

E12AC, E34AC, E56AC,

Epar, Eprp, EparAC, EprpAC

AC: ± 400 mV/m

DC: ± 1 V/m

AC: 12 uV/m

DC: 30 uV/m

EFW-49

EFW-52

V_B2 V1AC, V2AC, V3AC,

V4AC, V5AC, V6AC

± 12.5 V 0.4 mV EFW-45

SCM_B2 SCMU, SCMV, SCMW,

SCMpar, SCMprp

± 5 V EFW-44

Wave Counter

SWD E12AC, E34AC 4 Ranges, Configurable

EFW-49

EFW-52


EFW-DFB Performance Requirements

Product Type

Packet Name

Source Signals(Internal to DFB)

Frequency Bands Driving Requirement(s)

FFTs SPEC Select 8 of:

E12DC, E34DC, E56DC, Epar, Eprp,

E12AC, E34AC, E56AC, EparAC, EprpAC,

SCMU, SCMV, SCMW, SCMpar, SCMprp,

V1AC, V2AC, V3AC,

V4AC, V5AC, V6AC,

(V1dc+V2dc+V3dc+V4dc)/4

A (5%)112 bins

B (10%)64 bins

C (20%)36 bins

EFW-49

XSPEC Select pairs from SPEC1 - SPEC8.

A (5%)Same as

Selection for SPEC

B (10%)Same as

Selection for SPEC

C (20%)Same as

Selection for SPEC

EFW-43

EFW-48

Filter Bank

FB Select 2 of:

E12DC, E34DC, E56DC,

E12AC, E34AC, E56AC,

SCMU, SCMV, SCMW,

(V1dc+V2dc+V3dc+V4dc)/4

A

0.8 to 1.5, 1.5 to 3, 3 to 6, 6 to 12, 12 to 25, 25 to 50, 50 to 100, 100 to 200, 200 to

400, 400 to 800, 800 to 1.6k, 1.6k to 3.2k, 3.2 to 6.5k

B (Default)0.8 to 1.5, 3

to 6, 12 to 25, 50 to 100,

200 to 400, 800 to 1.6k, 3.2 to 6.5k

EFW-48


EFW-DFB Interface Documentation

• DFB-IDPU Mechanical ICD (RBSP-IDP-MEC-200 DFB ICD Rev K)• DFB Specification (RBSP_EFW_DFB_001D_SPEC Rev D)

– AXB and SPB signals (Interface with BEB)

– Interface with DCB

– Interface with LVPS

– Interface through backplane

• DFB FPGA Specification• EFW to EMFISIS Electrical Interface Control Document

(RBSP_EFW_to_EMFISIS_ICD_revD.doc)– SCM and MAG signals from EMFISIS


EFW-DFB Resources

• Mass and Power Requirements

– Mass CBE based on measured mass of EM board

– Power CBE based on measurements and analysis of current design

• Housekeeping Telemetry Requirements– DFB produces no analog housekeeping

– FPGA diagnostic housekeeping sent to ground on request

– Commanded through DCB

Resource Current Best Est. Allocation % Growth Margin

Mass 0.438 kg 0.504 kg 15%

Power, Average 1.5 W 1.8 W 22%

Power, Peak 2.5 W


Changes Since PDR

• Board Changes– Added second SRAM for 1PPS buffering– Removed ADC power switching– Modified analog buffer circuits for better crosstalk performance– Increased value of DC blocking capacitor for AC channels to increase

bandwidth

• Specification Changes– V#AC (Burst 2) measurement range expanded from ±10 V to ±12.5 V– E##AC (Burst 2) measurement range corrected to ±400 mV/m

• FPGA Changes– Reworked packets to add EMFISIS Magnetometer back-up capability– Solitary Wave Counter defined– Added (V1dc + V2dc + V3dc + V4dc) / 4 data product to FFT (SPEC)

and Filter Bank– Changed number of frequency bands in FFT (SPEC and XSPEC)


EFW-DFB Block Diagram

AXIALBOOMS

RADIALBOOMS

EF1

EF2

EF3

EF4

EF5

EF6

FROMFLUX GATE

(MAG)&

SEARCH COIL(SCM)

V6DC

V5DC

V4DC

V3DC

V2DC

V1DC

E12DC

E34DC

E56DC

E12AC

E34AC

E56AC

ADC1

ADC2

FPGADSP

LOGIC

DFB_TLM0

DFB_CMD

DFB_1HZ

±10VA

±5VA

+1.8VD

BA

CK

PL

AN

E IN

TE

RF

AC

E

DFB_CLK

DIGITAL FIELDS BOARDSTANDARD 6U CARD

DB26 HIGH DENSITY

6 X SMA

SCM1

SCM2

SCM3

SC1

SC2

SC3

MAG1

MAG2

FM1

FM2

MAG3 FM3

V1AC

V2AC

V3AC

V4AC

V5AC

V6AC

+3.6VDVOLTAGEREGULATOR+3.3VD

+5VD

SRAM

DFB_TLM1

MUX

VOLTAGEREGULATOR

+1.5VD

6.5kHz 10Hz – 6.5kHz

CHANNEL 1

CHANNEL 2

16

16

PRIMARYSIGNALS

SECONDARYSIGNALS

SRAM


EFW-DFB Component Derating

Component Rated Value Derated Value Maximum Value

Decoupling and Filter Capacitors

25 V 20 V 10 V

Bulk Decoupling (Tantalum) Capacitors

10 V 8 V 3.3 V

15 V 12 V 5 V

25 V 20 V 10 V

Decade Divider Resistor Network

300 V 240 V 225 V

100 mW 50 mW 46 mW

DC Blocking Capacitors

500 V 400 V 225 V


EFW-DFB Component Derating

Component Rated Value Derated Value Maximum Value

Precision Foil Resistor Network

200 V 160 V 10 V

200 mW 100 mW 3 mW

Bipolar Transistors

IC = 600 mA ? 2 mA

VCEO = 50 V ? 2.5 V

VCBO = 60 V ? 1.9 V

PT = 500 mW ? 5 mW

hFE = 35 (Min.) ? 10


EFW-DFB Thermal Requirements

• Requirements at the EFW PCB to IDPU box interface• APL provides thermal control of IDPU

10°C min

10°C min

+60°C Hot Survival Limit

+55°C Hot Operational Test Limit

-25°C Cold Operational Test Limit

-30°C Cold Survival Limit

+45°C

-15°C

Allowable range of IDPU thermal model predictions


EFW-DFB Thermal Analysis

Power Dissipation

FPGA: 394 mW

LTC1604: 167 mW, Duty Cycle: 0.75 (Active / Nap Mode)

FPGA: θJA = 12.3 °C/W

LTC1604: θJA = 95 °C/W

TJ = TA + (θJA x P)

FPGA: TJ = TA + 5 °C (For TA = 65 °C, TJ = 70 °C)

LTC1604: TJ = TA + 16 °C (For TA = 65 °C, TJ = 81 °C)


Materials & EEE Parts Status

• Materials Identification List– Up-to-date

– Regular meetings with MPCB• Need to add PWB data when ordered (will be per required IPC specs)• Fasteners need to be approved

• EEE Parts List– Up-to-date

– Regular meetings with PCB• No issues

– Ordering status (95% ordered or received)• 8 on-order (due 11/10/09 at latest)• 2 to be ordered (SRAM and bidirectional transceiver, due mid-December)• 4 to be supplied by UCB (backplane connector, voltage regulators, EMFISIS

connector)• 1 to be supplied by APL (FPGA)

17


EFW-DFB Parts Concerns

• The MSK5822-3.3 voltage regulators may draw up to 500 mA of start up saturation current in addition to the load current. This means that when powering up the DFB’s 3.3 V rail, the LVPS may have to supply approximately 600 mA to the DFB for a few milliseconds while simultaneously meeting the 3.3 V power requirements of the DCB. Does the LVPS have sufficient current resources to meet this requirement?

• The MSK5800 start up saturation current draw is several hundred milliamps less. The DFB could use the MSK5800, but its dropout voltage may not meet our requirements.


EFW-DFB Testing

• Frequency response of analog filters• Amplifier gain and offset• Common-mode rejection• Adjacent channel crosstalk• Noise floor• Square wave response• Clamping diode response• ADC accuracy• Power consumption• Verify commanding functionality• Test of each flight configuration• FPGA DSP testing (spectra, cross-spectra, solitary wave, field rotation)• Backplane interface test• Over-clocking• End-to-end test• Temperature testing• EMI testing• Pre-delivery testing


EFW-DFB GSE Block Diagram

MatrixSwitch

DFB(DUT)

CLK

CMD

1HZ

TLM0

TLM1

FunctionGenerator

Ba

ckp

lan

e

USBGSE

Channel 1

Channel 12

Channel A

Channel B

PowerSupplies

PCGPIB USB


EFW-DFB GSE


EFW-DFB Test Results


Active Filter

• Sallen-Key, 5-Pole, Low-Pass, Bessel, fc = 6.5 kHz

• Passband gain = 1, Linear phase and constant group delay (to preserve waveform shape in passband)

• Used 24 times in design


Filter Test Results (Gain and Phase)

V1_DC

-10

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Ga

in (

dB

)

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

Ph

as

e (

De

gre

es

)


Square Wave Test Results

1% overshoot

Input: 1 kHz 1 V square wave


Crosstalk Test Results

Input: 1 kHz, 4.9 VPP or 9.5 VPP sine wave on input channel, all others terminated

by 50 Ω resistor.


Common-Mode Rejection Test Results

Input: 4.9 VPP sine wave, variable frequency

*Without precision Flight capacitors and resistors


Current Status

• DFB Flight schematics and layout complete• DFB Flight printed circuit boards being fabricated• DFB ETU #3 will be assembled in October - testing will start in

late-October• DFB Flight boards to start assembly in December


EFW-DFB Backup Slides


Filter Test Results (Gain)


Filter Test Results (Phase)


Radial and Axial Boom Signals

• Input signal range: ± 225 V

• Accuracy: 0.3 mV/m (for 100 m booms => 80 dB CMRR)

• Vishay 100-267T decade divider (1/100), Ratio tolerance: 0.01%, Input impedance: 1 M, 300 V, 100 mW/resistor

• Same part used by THEMIS


EMFISIS Signals and Differential Amp

• Gain accuracy: 80 dB, Resistor tolerance: 0.01%• Vishay PHR or 300144Z foil resistors• Deep dielectric discharge protection


Multiplexer Signal Lists

Channel 1 Signals Channel 2 SignalsV1DC V1ACV2DC V2ACV3DC V3ACV4DC V4ACV5DC V5ACV6DC V6ACE12DC FM1E34DC FM2E56DC FM3E12AC SC1E34AC SC2E56AC SC3

• Channel 1 signals meet the minimum science requirements


Analog to Digital Converter

• Linear Technology LTC1604AIG• 16-bit parallel output, Sample rate: 333 ksps (256 ksps required)• Successive approximation register with internal sample and hold• Internal clock• Internal reference (15 ppm/degree C)• S/N ratio: 87 dB minimum, THD: -100 dB typical• Integral linearity error: ± 2 LSB maximum• Operating temperature range: - 40 degrees C to + 85 degrees C• Manufactured on Mil-Spec line to Class S plastic specification• Radiation tested, no latchup protection required• Redundant cross-strapped design, either ADC can measure any

signal• Flown on THEMIS


Low Dropout Voltage Regulators

• MS Kennedy MSK 5922 K RH (1.5 V and 3.3 V)• Total ionizing dose: 300 krad• Backplane supply voltages: 1.8 V and 3.6 V

• Dropout voltage (from datasheet): 0.40 V max @ IOUT = 2.5 A

– Current manufacturer testing indicates a dropout voltage of only 0.15 V @ IOUT = 0.5 A

– MS Kennedy added specification: 0.3 V max @ IOUT = 0.5 A


FPGA and SRAM

• Actel RTAX2000SL• Used for DSP functions, ADC and Mux control, SRAM interface

and backplane interface• 2,000,000 equivalent system gates• Total ionizing dose: 300 krad• 1.5 V core voltage, 3.3 V I/O voltage

• Honeywell HLX6228• Used for DSP scratchpad• Organized as 128K word x 8-bit Static RAM• 32 ns read/write cycle times• Typical operating power: < 9 mW/MHz• Total ionizing dose: 1,000 krad• No latchup

Documents

RBSP/EFW CDR 2009 9/30-10/1Wesley Cole Radiation Belt Storm Probes Electric Field and Waves Instrument Digital Fields Board Critical Design Review Wesley