Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC):Wh t It I It Hi t d Wh W CWhat It Is, Its History, and Why We CareStrategic Development CouncilS i #30Session #30Chicago, Illinois21 September 2011

Brian H. Green, R.P.G., FACIResearch GeologistConcrete and Materials Branch

p

Concrete and Materials BranchGeotechnical & Structures LaboratoryU.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center

Gärtnerplatz Bridge,

River Fulda, Kassel, Germany

H b id UHPC St l B idUS Army Corps of EngineersBUILDING STRONG®

Hybrid UHPC-Steel Bridge

Permission to publish was granted by Director, Geotechnical & Structures Laboratory.

Concrete!- Powers the growth of civilization - Can be formed to any shape- Is fabricated on site- Uses inexpensive labor- Uses inexpensive labor- Requires empirical QC tools- Has changed little in 150 years

From Dr. Peter Taylor, Iowa State University

Photo Courtesy Frank Kozeliski and Walter Meech

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High Performance Concrete

Hoover Dam 1935 76 years old

Photo Courtesy Frank Kozeliski and Walter Meech

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Hoover Dam – 1935 – 76 years oldMike O'Callaghan – Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge – October 2010

High Performance Concrete

Green-2011

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Mike O'Callaghan – Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge – May 2011 Visit

DefinitionsAmerican Concrete Institute (ACI), Concrete T i l A d O li 1 A t 2011Terminology, Accessed Online 1 August 2011:► Concrete, High-Performance – “Concrete meeting

special combinations of performance and uniformity i t th t t l b hi drequirements that cannot always be achieved

routinely using conventional constituents and normal mixing, placing, and curing practices.”

ACI d not h d fi iti f Ult Hi hACI does not have a definition for Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC)Other names:

• Ultra-High Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete• Ultra-High Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC)

• Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC)• Macro Defect Free (MDF) • Densified with Small Particles (DSP)• Compact Reinforced Composite (CRC)• Very-High Strength Concrete (VHSC)

S C

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• Ultra-High Strength Concrete• Super-High Strength Concrete

DefinitionsUltra-High Performance Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteUltra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) Jacques Resplendino, “What Is a UHPFRC?”, Keynote Address and Proceedings from International Workshop, Design and Building with UHPFRC, State of the Art and Development, Marseille, France, 17-18 November, 2009, organized by the AFGC and the French Branch of fib,.2009, organized by the AFGC and the French Branch of fib,.

Has a cement matrix and a characteristic unconfined compressive strength ranging from 150 to 250 MPa (21,750 - 36,250 psi)

Contains steel fibers to achieve ductile behavior in tension

Possibly overcomes or minimizes the use of active or passivePossibly overcomes or minimizes the use of active or passive reinforcement

Has high binder content which leads to absence of any capillary porosityporosity

Has direct tensile strengths generally >7 MPa (1,000 psi)

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What?•Ultra-High Performance Concrete•Ultra-High Performance Concrete• Commercial UHPCs

•Densit ®

• Compact Reinforced Composite• Combines Densit ® & Reinforcing Mat

• Hi-Con

• Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC)• Type of UHPC • Bouygues - Generic Brand Designation

• RPC200 RPC400 RPC800• RPC200, RPC400, RPC800• Evolved into Lafarge’s Ductal®

•ERDC> 20 000 psi cementitious material• > 20,000 psi cementitious material

• Most are really mortars or sanded grouts • Strength is not best defining parameter, but easiest to reference

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UHPC History – Densit®Developed by Aalborg Cement inDeveloped by Aalborg Cement in 1960s and 1970s

Dr. Hans BacheDensified with Small Particles – DSPPatented as Densit in 1980Compact Reinforced Composite – CRCp p

1988Uses Densit ® materials with densely arranged reinforcement bars and steel fibersfibers.

Hi-Con - High Performance ConcreteUses Densit Materials Markets CRC TechnologyMarkets CRC TechnologyOther UHPC Materials

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History - Reactive Powder ConcreteDeveloped by Bouygues in 1990sDeveloped by Bouygues in 1990s Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC)(Richard and Cheyrezy,1994)

► Based on principles from Bache► Based on principles from Bache► No large or coarse aggregates► Combining of portland cement, silica fume,

silica flour, very fine silica sand, high-range t d t d t l iwater reducer, water, and steel or organic

fibers. All particles generally less than 400 µm.► Optimum packing of granular materials► Very low water/cementitious ratio► Very low water/cementitious ratio ► High-shear mixing equipment

Partnered with LaFarge & Rhodiag

Evolved into Marketable Product -Lafarge’s Ductal®

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a a ge s uc a

History - WES/ERDC “RPC” Research• Waterways Experiment Station (WES)Waterways Experiment Station (WES)

• Now the Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC)

Construction Productivity Advancement yResearch Program (CPAR)► “Reactive Powder Concrete for Producing

Sewer, Culvert, and Pressure Pipes,” , , p ,Campbell, O’Neil, Dowd, and Dauriac, CPAR-SL-98-3, August 1998http://dodreports.com/pdf/ada354199.pdf

► HDR Engineering (American “Partner” for Bouygues)

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History WES/ERDC Very-High-Strength Concrete - VHSC

• “Local” materials• Not RPC, incorporating

ASTM C 33 concrete sandASTM C 33 concrete sand• Donald M. Walley and Billy

Neeley• Early/Mid 1990’s • Mixture 247! • 200 MPa (29 000 psi) with• 200 MPa (29,000 psi) with

steam curing at 190° F• Revolving-drum mixer

t ktruckBeams at Treat Island

• Long-term durability

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Long term durability• Freeze & thaw in salt water

Ultra-High Performance Concrete

Various uses of UHPCBUILDING STRONG®

Various uses of UHPC

Mixing UHPCDifferent Mixing ActionsDifferent Mixing Actions► Eirich Mixer, High Shear

• 180-190 MPa► Conventional Mixer, Low Shear

• 150 MPa► 1 m3 Nikko “Pugmill” Mixer, High Shear

• 180-190 MPa

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Casting UHPCPrecastBest Situation ►Best Mixing Action►Best Mixing Action►Steam Curing Is Easy

• Cast-in-Place– Made with Truck Mixers

S C i N– Steam Curing Not as Easy as Precast

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ACI Concrete International“Optimizing Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete,” by Wille, Naaman, and El-Tawil, V. 33, No. 9, Sep. 2011

“Field Demonstration of UHPFRC Durability,” by Toutlemonde, Bouteiller, Platret, Carcasses, and Lion, V. 32, No. 11, Nov. 2010

“Ultra-High Performance Concretes,” by Rossi, P., V. 30, No. 2, Feb. 2008Rossi, P., V. 30, No. 2, Feb. 2008

“Ultra-High Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concretes,” by Rossi, P., V. 23, No. 12, D 2001Dec. 2001

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Past ConferencesFirst and Second I t ti l S iInternational Symposia on UHPC ► Sep 2004 & Mar 2008p► University of Kassel,

Germany

• Designing and Building with UHPFRC: State of the Art and Development e e op e

• Nov 2009• Marseille, France• Association of Française de Génie Civil , (AFGC) & Fib

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(AFGC) & Fib

Upcoming ConferencesThi d I i lThird InternationalSymposium on UHPCand Nanotechnologyfor High PerformanceConstruction MaterialsOr HiPerMat

► 7-9 March 2012

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Questions?

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