Rating of Electric Power Cables Ampacity Computations for Transmission by George J Anders

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RATING OFELECTRIC POWER CABLES

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RATING OFELECTRIC POWER CABLES

Ampacity Computationsfor Transmission, Distribution,

and Industrial Applications

George J. AndersOrItHrio Hydro T9ChtIok1gies

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Contents

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t:q...,""", 132-l 1~ 2)2.2 H<.. T......t... M« ............. .....""c_ Sy...... 2)

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1.4 Analyical __ ~ .m<rioc.. Pol_ of S<>I" .... .... n..,.fe,E<!-- l '

Rd .....,.. ) 1

Chaplet" J Circuit ThOOf)' /'i'h" rl. " " . h.. lor lMrmai Mod"U,R JJJ,I lAtrodu<tion ) )) 2 fh't1io<oIODd 1l>mNI A........" J.l

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R<f~ 10\RT II EVALUATION OF PARAMETERS 107

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PART III AOVANC EOTOPICS 262

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PART IV APPENDICES 361

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Preface

Tho ...~ ........ of 'h.. book " tile rompuoOlIOO of <urrrnl rat,... ,olIO . alled ....,.....·""...,..,...",...-"''' or _ ;",. " of _ I'<""« <Ol>ln,~... of<_.....l""iI"' .. """"" y '1"'''' ill"Ol vod, l!><Idor<,~ ....i-. ho", lraIlooo-ll y .....potJl,_ ~1_ or p:<f_ _ i".. <01<""'""* ., _ ...... .,...... ODd '11'" _ ..... fOf , P"'O;u.W .oWb"'••_ or "' ...... tile_ of 0";010..-'11I1. .......a cookll..d 10 tile in-ullotion of '-";zc<! cobin """ incrnoed i..ullation0001•. Thoo<h_oI in<' '''-;w ODd J'U"'t"ful J'<hO'I"I _ "-...._~ 01r ·fri<ndly «>mpJICr """'""'" Ior.__~y cole."_ kaoiNo. n.... Ji..til< '-' an_ "1'" _ .. ""'"'"'" u bi....in. , oriIII ... __ "'" ....,.;,_IId _ ,

Tho"....."..aol uS< 011"""""1 """'I"Jl<f' 1I1ifYd Ih<bu rd<n 01ornrac'l)'"""'f'ULK"-from . r.". ..pm Od<t "''''I' of . obIt ...",,",,_ iuol>Iy•..-""""' .... yeonof ••pnim.... r<QI'i "' p<11'onn .obI<tb<nnaI .....yw: moer> ...........101II_....bas.. "' .... """I""J'-KIn> p<tf_~ tIIe._._rat __ B'" twOI "" ....

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and (1) III< lEe S.-d 281 11'lll2. 19t19, 1 1m), EquMlmI IO<If<ft fur ...............y... ..d ,;<ftn" ' l'lI>oll...J Iloo: IF-C~ ISH {I'Ill" """ 8" ·20 _ 1,' Tho lEe~. h<'", tile ...,..~ o:<:>oQIn .-. ......- iIIf,,",,",ion. AI .....mo'"1 of till. book rni>ed edition of lEe~ 211 iI ""'.. ptqIOI'OIl. S""'"U.. ""'hod d«<nb«l In 1<......1"'«;...." l l ",Y) ,..,... .. ",u ..od<ly .- .. .... u _

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" ...,. pan of .... rnal<naI ""'..... i. tIri. _ ,.... _ from 1_ ......Elew<__.. C,,.,,,..;...... (IEO .._.,..j _ d<~ ... "l1li .".or_ ._. n.... l""'lic_.. !Iri.. prrpor<ldb)' -...GroIIp IOor StJ>oJyC_ 2OA (1l,p _,.UI*>,,.1t>o lEe .... _ ,,,,,;,;,, . no_ ..panicuUrty -.d to Mf. Mort C...... from ERA T""""""'" in Brilaon, thoeo..of WG ICI. ...., ,....i<l<d • oobIlIllial """""" of bockl"'U"'! IrIOI<riaI MOd in 0\ar0<n,. K. ono:\ II of _ _ . F_ "'__ ...;mllle .....mbcn ol WG 10, Mr. l. VonEnd< from ~Kf Kobel in Holland. Or , B. HOI)«or_.t QU<I-.,. in e..m....,..Dr.

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..T_d,ff<r<1lll)'p<> 0( 10)... bolon, 10 ,II.. _ : ( IJ d.._ 10.><.. and 11, 100...

.......~ .... <hotJi., k>ooe>..,..~._ ..fI<a"" c_ is ......iud.and tIl<y.. doc ..., "" .... . _ , lee"",.. <opocttan«.

[);Ol«,,", Iuo ~ in obI< i....~ ",,1, gf .... <lI<f!3' __~l",. or in 'n' moI<nah «1 10 .1' ,.. ><>I..",. CoN< ..,,, ... Iatg<__ """",. 1O""-J:inI <"""""'- Tho """'" "'I"~IDe""'" \Iu. Copo<Mor i••a1loddi<lo<tn< los> (.....-. by 11'.~

Tho<twJi.,_ ~ by .....obI< <_ ; ......~ """'''' 100.... in.1I<<aI>I< ......... _ any '''''<.... <able i>cn<flIl<d. T1I<f<forr, tb<......... _ ..,lIll'llood _ .. dodideari< -.., The: mqn,hId< ol__.. <I<I<m,,""" by'y>I<1II fN<l'w do<I,n and~ ..... i><bIlio<.K"'.._ . 111<....."..,_......III: '''I'I'Il<d by .... . ,,>l<m. bYI .... <horM <urmlI ""'...... _ >Iril;. ,y """'. .. "h," ....<aI>I< ;0""

1>0<__ eM \I< """".;w lot do"" "",-,. and .... h....,.. >01_....." ro.. ~h i",."ion 'y,", caA II< t""'" ' i ;" lEe PllNi<..ioo 181 ll9!l11 anol <b,"<u.<o<d .. Cbo!"« 6 0( "". _. CbotJ"'I""""" 100... ..........,)' ...,....-...:1 ,.. ,.in,--

1.5 IIISTOAICAl. IIOTE

e- rat,", _ of.1o<1n: _ .. . _ Ionf .hi""') .. .....oN< ,,,.,,.

Method>~ in of .... fir>l puN" OIl "';,. ..... ' K<nD<lly, I!I'll ; M..,''1M).. >till 0«<1 i& ,",-. Ow< 1Ao.I 1Iunoftd yan. "'""l' """""'...... and""J'.-n Iuo.. -rt<d OIl __ oop<ct& of .oN< ...,.... Th<r< ... "'" "'""l' 01 <hem ........ mrnIion ....ir , """'f<Jn:.OIl" • few..l<a«I ~kopmrnI,.. hi,hhJh«<lhm:...ith ~OII __ boo:I ....F*" iliff "" .... ndardi...ion

err ' The ...... ..--.. "' _....- <>t obI< _ ",I«~"..............~ .... _"'hn> I«'-* i 41.........L

Th< ~'" "';n,__i_'nBn...n,nlh<_~ 191O!.. A .n",",,,,oI'rOd,1h<"'.-ydlh< <........of,...........". in Ih<UniiN IUn,oorn u n b< _"' i_~rnrntnf FAA <.. lit.. lit~ ~ """" '" "" I"'r... from a 192~ ERA R<pott. ""P<nn'",bI<CutTm LondInl of _'*' SIandard I~ Pap:< 1__ EIoi.1ri<C-. " Th<I"'root molo • f<>Iloofrt,o

,.., _1w,... . KnIW .... __ In IOIJ Ih ..... _ of fJro-.l _ ..._ _ ... ,"'... -.-b_C '~.,

.....~ .._ A_..ift_.. 1911

,..". Au WI/< rloooo.. on /lot ,.._ 1"' ..._,C_ --. ... ,_.__ . ,.., _ _ ..._ .",-.-lw ..... ", M, S. It: .,.;"... 0/

'n..-_ol... _ ol 01__ , .....-_._... _ ' 01 ......... C_-o .........-_n_....' -_ ..... A. _ iI_' ...... l- _ ,,_, _ to IE"""'" T<.DC_._.-. .....

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DId .., od;";' 1I""'P'-Th< fioI UtA _ "" ..t>jo<t. pobIi_;n 19n. ... _ . ..__ <If

e&kulol"'ll' 'wmll ..,~ """'idodlabu'*d ""'" .-,_ oad.......... ....m<thod. i"'l'f'O"<d in INn)' with 1"'9""1101"11 plIN i.......~ • "U_O{....-....,""'"..00I>I< ........,n by A",,>/d I< ~__. Tho: lin, maj<. U .II:. <10<_ ....~by IVtIIl<h<.. MIl HLlIC!tinl. 1IId puh!i<bod i<l 19)OJ. n;. _ ..·.. limil<d to m<thooliof <............. . "" tAbua-,j ".,,~J. "".. pubti...... in • _ dn<__. In .... """'''''' <1«-. "'""l' f<llOIU """" publOWd ..Ioo<h ,...,.....,d on< --" ... _ "' ....~ ;...uf,"""" Ut/!'- Tho 0 _ ""'.. ..".......byG<_..,.,.. ..• 19S!I "!'O" _ f IT 1111. TIm C.K._ .,"'''' '" Jiw. ....,.cl"'u"....~"'''' ~'<Uff«I1 "'Ill! <ok ~ ~ <Jf lEe U 1

In .... lind«! N F.J<wi< l4'" A ,NFLA j ><Iop«Iu. 19.1 '• >D;!i, ..... r.. c .,. ... _ upol>il"""<Jl , -. lbi,. i.. """. <=I1t<d in .11< publ"'''"", <II fi '" ..,...,..i...""""., _ lor pop«.j"",""". I. ><kovu<d <able> ioI .-..It,,,OOAIl or i. air.no;. p;otoI...." i.....,.l ". Mot<h 19n ond "",Ukd. "1'I<t<noIi Il. ,"ll f«UnderJroond and A I ('-..-NFL>. 1'IlbI", 'Pos.-

In I 'll.'. .... <oN '<f< ...- ..... "'t"'bI;./ood by .... Edi>oo _ In>I,,...I fElI. -C"""",·C.~"'K (~'ilJ.~· I"'II""'I_ fut>< __I• ...-c..bk. (EEl PI<bIi.""i,,., .~· 1.· 1 9))). Th<", _ -. r.. ,..... wlw;m. ... l 'lo4J••r.... "",.id<r>b!<impr<WaJ><tll. in , obi< ' Iao"'" maI<rMI Sf<l"'I" ,n _",nwol ,,........, t!lo I"", ·IM<d I'<M..Cabl< Enf ~ A""",..."", IIPCEAI~_4<"'_I'·19-226.

I' I9. Un ...... I'ro. l~ l . " ". impq<non:d pop:r.'-. onol •..mIle<! camI><ic in.w-l cab!<;. "'fI<'.~;'<I~

In I'!:II . Vi , A, Od M of PIlcIp<~ Wi",., Cabi< C~ <Gino<! Ill< -.l-.........;Iy. '" f«>I..." "' -<Con}in3 "',.....-iW·

e""""""" wilh !ll<"'<~'P""'" <Ifl"""a"<-_.~ ,..................."'" Y"""!ll< N....... Eh .-tt" a1 C.... (NECl in !ll< Unoit<d SUlCI tIao pIlloliolKd _ity ubi«hlloiklw\3 ...'" . ill«!ll<nrty 1900>. Tb<o< ampocily -. _ pri-I)o-,-. llOO ... ..., be...... 110< ',"'w",a1 ~, ror Ih< 'ki. oflh< .-. ;......"b)' ..E<.' "'Iol><d ..,. ' ,__ <lIoir<d "" S. •. R.-o.dl...., pnmoriJ) with._." ro<I<.~~ , _ ·i.....tOl«l, -., Tho oommil","', h '"""" ..... _

;n 1<_ W' ll. Unt'o""j._l~. "'" .....-10. "'oIlpl<I<oJ "" 11". , -11 ... ""Y """'" It) ,"""y'•.............~ _ ond. in r.... . ~ in .-al r...-nenoal leChnicaf ,

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""Y ~ """''''' fuundooionl ..... .......... of "noilaf \O'/rl;. Ik onol h.. <OIIVIl>l1«

.....,..... '0' ..,;", 01 <I<jkri""""" ""'. on""""""" "'" f1:l>o"-ltip ""'_

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....(iY<I~ .....11 ..,mb« ,If oil """"" "' -.I<>. ~ ...it!> < 11'* """"'" ...

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"....~ non,-.Jly;" aif. So b<mod cables ~.•nd ......kI 10<... ...,.., "'";"'1_. R.,."........""" It>< ,.......~..of 11><.., ftf rucfli<i<.. w'" Ih< cabl<....-foe<lemp" ,,.hich io >II "'" <M b< qt' il< l< io " 'n ,oofut.. fronl 01< wrl><e 10 <m'~'" ..",. Ieo.-'t<d.

Roodl r<rop.lM<l ...... <>I .... """"""""'ll' of II.. _"1 ....ld, ..,.j ... 19J 9 bepuNnhcd • paper """ <lttailcd • .roc. of .-p<rimrnl>1 "'" ""~ pIa=I io. hori,ontaI_ • . Tr<llf'O">I....of._. ;~"""~ I : AWG ond I (ffilUk",i1. _ ...._

for • ownt>a- aI 41If<r«ll <UrI'«II k><:1>, l'Ji", 111<10< ....... h< ..... _ ... <"""' tal< • iI........ "'" ,. 10 II< ia<o<JIo<- io. NEMA~ '" y ..I p«d,,"' rdl» _lin ,.. _ ,.,. *' .... .~ doLo- '" fl••' . II>< ," Q ....•<Om'<1"'" f""", poi..od _ ,lie """,,100;"" ..gn<<d by .... ompocny """"",...........ly ;n : it< ......ao~ to -' ...,... 11__It_oorI'<laIionII bod _ 00«1 "' III< fino p\o<........ oppli< aI . _ "", _ _ ......Jd"'"ha,. ""'"~...,.

Ampoci1y W<>rt I'I"l!rcwod _I)' from .... ,..... of R""'..·• hnal rqoon " ..il 1911....... Ntl><> .-I M<G'o<h p.II>I,Wd ""'" paper ..·lbth ~lull)'~ .."" ,If.... lrnpJttan, ornpacily....,n by "_01 an <arIi<r ,'",IpI ,Ik" wOOl of SUM."....Tboit _ ......." ......_ "" ...... ad,....., _ia lllt <of ""'I*'d) ' " ....,.,. ,""" elf«1i>dy P'" 0/1 of "'" _ -il, prin<ipk-o i ,. ""P:' all~"1 _ .N lly. Ill.. ;. • W1_ " ...... "" """,_ Ill< _>pl<'i!j' of .... .....-.., pn>I>I<rtt..011< Nd><r -.j Mo;<;non ....,.,...101 'd"""",)' p<ap<t. ""..._~ io Nonh Americordr< .. til< uloolalioo1'f'IC"'lur<..-I to deI<rm,... ompo<i1y val til< N<Ile<_M"G..",method. "'-'....11', .... """'"""'" Ih>o tbry <1<,,";1><01 ;. _ """PI< ....>.\<l ,,f_'II'.........,. .. "'"_. """ ... aD onolor. b<t...- .... _ ot ....._ ,.....- and .11<_ .ot_, 80cllottlloo< pri..,!P<t well ~",,",• • ,,,. W "'" 1~7. _1001<-0. ...._ _MctJ..,,,, po;>« iI credtlcd ...... pop<f " hid , f<Jnns .... bai,l<o-lOOIl<m _ill'~

Tho Noh<r-M«Aoo~ Modt:l .. ,__"' il<ooch "',•.1<1. ;, ho 111'

-' ot <qUOIion>. I• ..tl'O<1ivdt· ' ''''''"U'''' fur , """'" 8'eal<f"'_'1" ofu ble &".""' ...cal " II co....... _ ,_ ;" <toe ......ld .....hal "'sul"",from _.meld iI oho 0«00<0, r", ,bd O<1ric 1I<..,"ll ..turn con borom<" ro,k... iol aigh '" , II .... ......~ and m<n 1100<.111' """"'" 11<..1raMl'", oocfli<i<nl, Il>oo <toe Iloodl Model, II ohcriloe< .... ..,.... "'" ....1<1 he <I'<'!fur~ ;....01_ . • , ..oil ..<-. _ ...., _ icoll y 1I",..n,." I I;· ;" .".k dncribet • pro«dur< !boo "'" "" ....,j ... oietole c-' "'..... til< he.. __ toy """"'~ ;olloeo<e>other <__ IBOll>« """"'" iI pmniI' OIltpOci1y <ok. lao""" fur "",1';;01<_ imlolloo.._..-her<~ _x-.,b<t",,,,,,, <ob\eo <>" he 'i,",Iie.... l<"", ,,,,, lode•

• ""'h...... fur cok:lllotillj! <toe thcmloI oeo;liU/>;< <>f . ""', _ ,I>ol mol' """""" ....1"1'1<-Ahhl....h "'" _ -lo4<;("...u. \I",1d .. 1« 11)' """"" . ;, ,,,",, 1Io~ ,.",.,. ",. ak ·""'II«. mainly ill dool;", ...h , obIeoo ;".. S""" oI .. _ ... tlI< ..........1'"""'''''' /low of _ <Un............. k_ lh< Il'oem1aI K>' ''~ "".h< c"",,"bek>re """",,-;,1' to: ,,",,ulOl«.l. L'B/"" Iy. ..- 1i,. he.. If>flU..<oetfi ·<_ l<tnp<f>l ~.andlb<r<fun: """" ""01 PO;'" ;" ,toe .....,....

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"""""" mu" II< """,,,'n b<for< ,"" prol>I<m i , N<tI<r and M<Gmn .... _<em-1'<""'''''' ,~I"" "" ..>Iv< "'""km""" In """" , ""-eo. ;p><ol ...,~ <0"r "J -.q'IloN< om",,__~ I>". .... ~<!I<fiM<Gf><hMod' penm<a<aI «>II......,

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.... • 1<0" .... _"'" ,"""'".,. odopI«I til< ~.n.._M«i<..h _ hod> lor l<. Lal"", of,...."'" coN< """"",il)'. In 1%2. III< ,Amonel' I........ of Ele<ltW;oI Enai IA[foE)and 11'(:f.A ~,;..Iy pubhd>ed ..... _.y''-' bob<d "" .... _JM.:{)rattl JI"PO'"."fb<,;< ..bit;. ""'" I"'N''''-''I in ,,," vol""",- on< Iof """'"" and """ for aluminum cobb' '' IE.!' ... ..,,- ) -.t S-I .\'·~c p'''' ''lI "'''"P lor ~...,.". ' ....i_ ,_ ._.~..'" pul)'OIhy >nol~.in<ula<d.-.. Sut>oc.j\lCftlly. Ih<o<lOI*>lwx>mi: k_ . ;" ......... }' .-;,,1<0; .. <h< Iob-t buot.o. In 1\IlI7. "'" lPCEA p<>Ni.h<d•"'.i V<rnOII of llT"4""'iO..., Iof impl'<!._ poJ><f.;.-Joo<d "",*" III'(U_-4~ ,

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M,'Gr.." pop« in ,t>< Uoi,rd~ i, ""' f,~ \hal >Uffi<i«'o _ hod"lolY hao hoeo <1<vrl,-.pt<tto ...",,- rtl< '~"" "J 01 Dl _ iOIIaI"- SuOt<db~' Ih< In'<moI>OrIaI Ek<ll'Olt<bnkoi C""""'. ...... l IEe 1~7. 1%9. 1~2 . Th< Ok'" ' ...~"" of lEe 2~1 ...... CIGRE rq>or'l~ .. I'>ri. ill 1'JI6ol. n.:""""'"" "'"'port" """",, ," P"'P"'~ Ih<ClGRE _ ..~ Ih<Unit<d Ki~. 1h<__

Fro...-c, Gmnan~·. l oal ~·. and ,be Unnod su.e.,The ""''''' '''''''''"''''__ ....... <1< .e....."'..of ,t.;, """"-'J ..... mod< loy .....t> ....U-lco<"'" ..ui.er> io ..... f>rld .. II. G. 1'Jrt ...H, o.-Ilb<tg 01 "I< l'1IiI<d Kift&dom. ,.,. """" '10 of Moly. 101. McGroo!I of do< Unil«lSur<-.. H. R"'............. ,..-' '''''''''''Y.and R WIcJdor"O" ,>I "'_. h io.... ""'.. """"'........;l!l .... oddi,ion <IfC_ aDd 1le 1~,,,m. "'"' ore ...."" in .... .-illll<d d<vrlopmmt ofIEC ;:117

Th< ClGIIE _ '" ..........opI<d loy lEe ;" 1'llH,~ ofla" """""'<If .. , I ,.......""""" <dIIIOII ""' pIIbli<-hr<l '0 10112. foo rh< lh ird <dIl>On. lEe 2lI7 io _ ..._ _. .......... <If 1'<"" .... ............ e""", of "'';..-1. "'...... dO ff""" _ , ,-( rtl< .ok..."",of ubi< rating•. A, Ih< ,;".., oI ..Tihna !lIi. boot. rh< lEe ......-kioI 10<<Ilrrenl rat,np ,. prepor1"l! taI>u!ol<d """'" rat,"II ' lor poohl"""",, 1»' lEe. TIn. tok<t ...hoc' ", 101~ ..hen "'oil _ _ 01 col<ulooi1lS~ rati .... and ........... ,..itI«. " Of<

I"' N•..tot<l in .... llfttlrd KitlJOOm.M<_ tII l<. '" Ih< t : fIrt«I So""" of_ .... J"o'I>!;,:"'"", ,-( II'CF-A lIlhIeo '" 1%7. lhe

.."" OIl any """ lfT"4'OCioy .-. reruined dormaooI foo "I'I"""i",", <ly "01"<""" In 1'112.<Ill< 0) • proI'f<nII"'" 01 .111<_ ""11<_ ._ ..-.I Ih< __ of rat, ,,,. 10<

. ob.....,,,," ci"''''''"'1 ........... ;n lhe .....kl>. • ..-uk,... _ .... f<>nl"o<d ........n lhe

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•1_ -.1 C<>Ddudo.. C_ l lC(:, . no. "''''1'~~ .... ;......,.". _ ODd _ .~ thol ...,....... _-tty _ II< publioll<d "'....,...,.,.... ..... "'!IId; .."",.

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...... "" ....~ and u""«lOO<I... ""' """"'" .. ..,.. It......f« ....tw>Ius1 _~'-I od<rn~ ._ h _ 400._ u' "",,,",,,, ..\II< ~;.u, Ill< """_ AlF.f. Sl.IH ...... SIl J.l . IPCEA P-4! -416. I'-SJ-4~ andI"~~I~ Tra}' ,,~itI<>~

T"~ .... tnl, ........ _rl..,. J""'I' .... --"-I m !lX. ..... '. ''I\l'io puN;_ . "" 0(_ ,..-. fw ompooci\)' '- n.. 1""_'''''''' "-'" II< _ "' .....Iap ....... Iut ..1tWbl _ wod<o-Jn_ -.. <10.....

of f.OO V-SO} t \l, Tlo< -. publMod in ' W4 1lEEE. l W41. oddre>. _ -. ...<_ """ _ ................. and " ....' . , Ile", 1Iw.. ...... in""""" and..-ml<d............. <_ m"'"" _ ~ ' ray>. 0.....)O:)J ""~"":O'Y ....... lot <>11UOkd""'_ flOW'<'.obI<> .-.I ......"',e. lJll lV <-. nocd

tbmoIf!I Dl t V Tho dt of ""'''' _ """ MIl '!'tath<_ ""M. A, M...;,., Jr, of !oj " E T~ II .

Tho """" 00 _n~.,.. _ iOy~. i. 1I<i~ ronl'_ . • pr"'-"'<>di.. , ..., <11"",;'-, It ' ..~ ..- .., bt..... rrdo-- ... 6""....... _ "I ....<OaJIlUI'Ol.... ronnuloo """ odj"" Ih< ...... ." ""","",I , and . 21~ m<thod> ...,brinf; .""bod "'_ ,....--.. i........., in Iytiu l --". F""" .... p<n<u1of "'" _ . "'" 1'< iQ II< 01>1< _ ut ""'" Omp."""" .."' 01... " ......, m_<_ rat,.. _ ..-.I ..;n 01", b<_ 10 loIlooo ..... 101<"

.....Iopol<no "'" oppI..".... '" """"""oJ.-..... b<1<I.

REFERENCES

~ T,. Low""" Ili, G,_-.l "-hoi;. S, V. ( I91'S). "UpgndIlIl! Ib< ompo<ny of Il l'l-f"""'"'1'1'" cobl< <"""',,: tEtE T""", 1't,"~d:><Ii,~... ><>I. 10, ,"", 1. pp, J-~ ,

AE.IC CSI ·90 119'JO~ '"Sj>«ilic..""" ro. imprq_ popcr_io".a..d.~I",_"""'"""'*'....,.., ry"" ."A" 1eCS2-'JO( I'I'JO).""SpI<ilio:..;'-' f<I< imp<tJ.-d1'"l"""0IId _ _ po.,..- poIyl""l"'.

I<lo< ....._ <obi<. h;p .,......., P'r< ''I'.'"AE.IC 03-\10 II'I'JO~ ""SjI«dicaUono f<I< imp'......... POp<f_;"wIOIN. ...... mc·oII<_~. ......~ _ fill«l ry""."

AEIC CS4--9J l1W3). ~lic_ ro. irn__pap«.......I__ aI>ol mt<lt...

~ oclf.....--.. bqoD<l ~Jkdnl...."

AEIC C'U-'H ( 1_. ""Sp>cillc" "'" lot <f<IO>·liol.<d poIy<lhylen< """laI<d ",..1lI<d_<...... raIO<l5 .......p46~V,·

" "Ie Q6.-87 ( 1987). ""SjI«dicalM_ .... <11»'__.__ ~....,......._~._'-5 _JIl !fl ~V,'

AEIe CS1-'JJ l l.... l ). "Spocilic....... ro. . rooo-liN.<d poly<lhylt1>< iolluiOlCd...., __ «<_ '-""' tllrooIp I li l V."

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"AEK" CS'll~ 1I'lll'" "SPKili<..~.., lo«l«.ri..lly i.....- .....· 00.0-1 pip< filkng

1"f"NI< ~. h;p>-~... 1'"1'<-1)1'< c>hI<.-AEiC GI-.fIlI ' 1_,. "'GInd< f... """I,COl'" <Jl AEIC ......","m in .ula1"", ...,...,.,...... II

II>< ,_ tor r<lfi~_ ...per_j I.'«I , -,,"

AEICoz·n , Ion: •. -0.... for <I<.uiu l of " ..... joinI> l.1~ t V _ ,"

AEiC GI·'IIJ ' 1'1'101. "GIl'" rOf i..uJ""-"'" of ,,'Nded di<l«lri< .""' ~._

'l_ ""-«I (,/I kV "" ".,to 0 8 H ','AB C G.-'lO ( 1990,. " lIhd<o-J!_ """<Ied 1"""« ,aM< pull'"l JIri<Ie',"" E1C G7·\ll1 ( IYll0 l "'Go. ~'" « plac""""" .... k f< .._ .... <If • •1Nlbl <b<.....".;,;

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REf ERENCES

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REFERENCES

_h. ,., .. ..... OIf., [> 8 ., ,Jut)' 19><6l "(")"<Ii<__ <....._ ..... ""'____ fo< ~_cabl<o. ' IEEE T..... """.,lk/iw..,.><>l_ I"II' RO- I.Pr, IJ-2 1.

_II. A., OIfe. D. 1I.. .,.j \ umo. F. (' ot, I_~ "'Shutt ""'" """ -<aku~""".,.j _ .."""",e,," for~ _ e-'" IF;£E T-.. __~Ij,~ ~ . PW RD- I. pp. 22-n.

11.1 F. H. ( 1 9~ 1). "1b<nnaI ............' OII _ u bl. ,••- T........, .-1_, I ..... F;krt E:>ot ..mi. 7O, pp.4~~ 1

CIG RE (0<1. 1972 ,. '"Co<m>o ,.... 01 ,obi<. r", <yeli< -J '''",',,_, -. I'M L()dl< _ .... , _ f"""' _ I~) and """"",, "'. *p f",""",,,," EMrtn..

"", 14, Pr, 61-%,

C IGRE lJ..., 1976 1. '-C"""", mi"~ 0( , ...... r", <)dO< O/Mf '''"''''''') lo0<Io. ",", 2Ern<fJ<1':, '"'''3''''''''''' dour...... re>poo»< "' • ...., r_." tI...."' . .." 44,pp. J- I.

IF-C S....w.J (I'111~) . "('...,,101>011 01 til< <yell, O/Mf "'""1""') ......'" 'Minp 0( , obi«"'"' I. ()d;'; moo. rooor for , obIn up ... and i"" "din, 18IJO 0 6 1kV; PIIt>lic. ioo'~l· 1

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Noller, J. H.• and McGrath. \I . H. (l 'lSh -C......"'" 01 ......_"'.... rio< >04 bad"""",,,h', '"_ 'r--.' MEE T..-•.. .... . 76. I'"" .1. PI'- 7,,..m.

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~ _ by 0.--; .. <Ii, ( 1979). In (O'O<b« loti..... l S onol YJC .....,j I. ""'" 00UIlIrin for tIot m hcaf1"""""" ..-= 9, . 111< f<>I_l.. ......,;,.di""""", _ ..bj<ct in """" d<WJ.

1lot-r< I, "'" • p .. 01<.. of di r<ct ;or"""",,,,,, <lfl oil< pto<ti<a1 trhn- of ....On soil under lI.. i.ft""""" 0( • • .,. mp<roI.... di_;"'. Detmn, ;.., 0( ....

.._ ...... and """'.. "'" """"ion of cril"," -..... is , """'1'1"'_ huI•• ompI« of """""'i<aI ond ..pm d<ri>-M"'" ... . i.... i. Ito: I (DuoIt>a.U.. 141.. 1<n9; B!aI«l....... 19l1-l: GrorneveId ..<Ii.. 1_: Bloi;t ..<Ii.. 1'182). T10t followi.._ it. an "'''P' ..ioeof. ""'" puhI_ by Il<>nnali" 01. (I9'79).ICIG RE. 1'l92). I, ;.........y pto<ti<.. ....had knaoa·• • _ ..hi<h JO<Md<> of m ' ''' .. I<mp<''''... ondrn;";.;,, 1_ from~ ~ i....... roo ). ..-.l ...h"'" i> ..I.,velyoimpl< -' bockt>l .p by ..pm ...-Od<ncc

Copynghted maenal

Tho methodldi<>"" ''"'' • •pM"""">lly okI<_quantiI>eI' 41) . """"oJ """""'"<a1tem ..~ .. . ,Yili<a1 d<v« or ut.............. <2) . ""pion I"'w,",u, roc:""'ie.1degree or "'.r.tlOII CM I>< d<'1<mP'I<d b)o ,t>< _ or . "'i,...."", 01. kl< ""'""""". ............ r.."" ,h<nOW ""'....."y_....... «W<nt _ Tho mipionporam«er i. otuin<d from • mipioo. up<ri..-. In Ibe dtoorirJIioo of lbo ......."'....""" Ih<ir ""'. ~ ;,. _ "'" ......~I~.. Ill< . _ ;,.~.~ lor........... .... d j"';buhOll_ from lho ''"'' """'"

Th< <Til",o! ", ,,,,,",,,,"'" rio< or. ooiI ;. ...... _ <till«1~ or .............. I.'~'" k"'''''''l_ ' porame<er ~( K - I I... 1'<>1 ,

' [ , l-.~.• l " ]4~, _ ;; 11 -'.. 1 "',_ .. - ! ('. - 'wl - (.. - ... ~ I- 4.1

...h<r< ' . " tb< dcl!ro< of "'urali"" or !II< ..,;, "",,roIlo<I b)o .... ...- _ ........... ...An ..pmmcnlal m<IIlol= no< 4~. .. . fIIo>co;o" or lot..,..,.wI««<Iouilo' ,

,u,.., ... _ .. r-... T_ o.- ,K,

"""<fW-. - -~ - -- u , u , .. 0.:-c "' "' II. " ..... ~- I I'.... ........ II....',..· 0<,. ......,

"""'"'- "-•• "" u ,0." u • •" • • ••• " •0.' •." .... ••• ".. •'" •

I••'o,,,",I!II' ..mon. ..-Id HI:< '" poiDl_ """ .... <noc """f'lI<III w.<d ill.... .-"",,~.. Il.ol _01 "''' ,;". ;, ;'do l d or .... _ """.. I!>< ...n~ of .... coble, may "'" I>< vahcI _ J<liI _ tbmnaIl)- 1lft1.IObIe. Iaf><t. _ Ioprnoftl!~ 1>1' Hartl<)' .... Blld CI ~U) ..,.,." """ .... lit.. ft., "' ....

1 11>0 ... _ •• • _ .-.-• ., _ _ ,... ........ _ _ _-_......-_ _-- _..- ....._-- ---

Copyrighted maklnal

" .... ,.........wrf"", of th< ._ ii an """"""'" r"""" .. -",nin. th< ...........,rN f<w • " . 1....~.......- . Thm:fo.n. _"'" ' ~ _ IO) ....101 be.'<4,.i<lJ <' '''IOIL IOIld OIl!}' ill.compI<t<ly ..... i< co.. ..._ drJoi.. "'" <><rut> _ ""' ..am.. ... """,;lMU" "nl"~..

U CMlES"....m"'...... ,--. ......01104 .. r...,.... 'ho ....... Iadd<t """" .. oo«t .. ",,,,,",...:I in$«.lion 4.' . _ . Ill< nlemall!lormallfti<lallC<.-. fOf adio..... and <01\-

_ ........... ",.. <>III<> ....P""'! ...__.."'- _ '-aI_..~no. uouocd l>y !he Ix.. ot>oorb<d \orc_..t<maI~ , n.. pi" b)' oolar~....... <qUOI ''''' D, H . "'iIh of .... . _ d<tiOO<! t><~..._ I. "". <_. Ill<..wnoIlbmNI ""<UII« .. d1ff<=1l r... o/wo;lN <-. ......ond th< conenl '''><1&;,~ rro.n ...._i<IJ; 1I10dd;cOlion of _ion (4J):

[M W. IO,ST, + . , T, + T, +T: 11 . o;Hl' f'

, - RT, + .1111+l,)T, .. . 'W +.,+ l., l' 1, .. f : I,4 .IS!

....... " • -..pi<.. " ..ffi<_ err otIJ.t .........'" ~. .... . _ outf,.,", th< ,.......of 11M roelli<ioral .. Ii_ in T_ ' .2

H • _, oh o'" ,."...""', n'h" ...11.. )",,...,,,,,,,,, kxolly, ~ 00ll1d II<-'<d u, to< «jUOI " l oon WI..'

r: ....o:>i'>al _ ~,,,_,, '" th< ....... ;. r....... odt"~ ", ..k<I<OOUIII of oolor radial.... II« S«lioo , 6 8~

W• • ill ill........ Ill< opp;e. q(_n.. ' l.IJ , io S<c\ioo, ') 6 8,1C""""""",,<ItI!Ie ......of quanl.1e> "!'P'''"''l! ;n "",,",ioN (4J I an<! (4, IJ ,

;, ..~ .. <kIoI1 .CI>opI<n6_J~9. C..........ionof~. .."<" .. <10 .....""""in~ 6. 0IapI<f 7 """'"'_ <OIT4"'tO'''''' d;"1< 100... in III< _ , gi.;"""-Woo klr th< «>mpllI>l_ af <OOOoMOorre<o"...,. 11.<.~ ! doocnl>e<"'-iooof ........ ond I<JIIOI' lou f", ood~ 9 ""oJ. ...i'" ,to< ,,_ 00 of lhmo>oI~,~.

AEfEAHICfS

Alman. A. N.. OKn)', D, 104 ,. GooIaI><I. 1.-, """ HoIlina'........... P. 104 I l~, · ,"n.."""of " .;I '''''''In mi",,"~. .. J"""<r ..."', of rabin ;" It. V.~""",-. Pm<. l EE.>'01. I l l , !'P. IO:JO.- IOI6,

Block. W, Z. .. .. ($<p. 19lIh ............ ..... illy of "",10 >oljo<ml to "lld<tJ.....o>d_ Woo. I"""«_L- f ,,001 RepJrI of ErRl Rcoear<lt I'r>-jccI 1M ),

BralI.<hnoM, H. t 1'4t, 1'lly"'oJ priJ>;;iP<>_<oI<ulio~", _ ...~ of ...0....... ond "".._ .r.....<_ IlMCh<L- t TL R, ,.,,. /9, Be,b,,' V[)E VerI., .

CIGREt lntl,~ ...;op,,,<_._id p. ' l'Iall)' _ ".....,;I. _ " Sl'"!"il\od.-hod _ , .... b<.oed ...lIlt mitlimal ""' i..-"..,..."",· f 100'1 ~-.lr_..,· E_.... In.!. PI'- 1I~2l.

Copyrighted malanal

"C1G RE l ll«: 1'1'1'2 ,. "D<Ierm,....ioo. of • •'o/u<o( "",itol l<mp<n<'" ri.. fn< . <_

_ fill """mol; £i<m<>. WI/. 14j, 1'1'. 1$-:1'1

l!<Jnnui . E , (]nfl.";. £ .• oM S<ppO . A. C191'J 1, "Soil _ ..... kydroloP<oI_AM i.lie< i. _Joln8 und<fground <abk<." Pm<, IfE. """. 126,00, 6.

E). IUd)'. !04. A. CAul_ Im~ -C . lculmool of <he .....Mi>Ry o( l""'~ <obi< _~"Y to.orilo..- .,( <ie>iln ...........~~- lEU ( ",... ",-, ¥p. Sy...."". PAS- IOJ , ..,. ~, 1'1'. ::OH_Z01O

GrotoI<'vtId. G. L S";j<\e<1. A. L Koopnons. G . and V.........., J. (MOl', I QoM~ 'I~

m<thod lQ calculate ,t>< ,",i<ol«>ndn..... f.." <llJi<II_...-ll' oo;b """'""' _ <_ ."p",,_ I£ f . ,,~_ I) I. p"" C. ..... :t pp. ~1_Sl_

11......,. .1.0 ., lIld 8l.>ck. W_ Z. l M'1 1'1l! 1 ~"T,_,--...._ond...... lramf..inmoi" ........- "".... ASMf r-... . ......, IOJ. I'I'_.176 _ .llI1.

lEe HWlI. -Am<flI!m<,.. ) IU lEe p..obIi<.iooI U 7, C. I<>ol............. <UIIu..a- <WT<OI...i<lJ: of__ ( 100\1 Iood r."'d .-

M"d' Io......,. K .C19"16, · A .......-of lll< i.6u<ac< of ooit lhrnnlIl-...... llyOll ..... "'III>of di..ribution<ol>k..- r--, lEE. .... , 12J• ...,. 1. pp. 110 _71


Copyrighted matenal

5Rating Equations

Transient Conditions

u IlITllooucno"J. H. N<!I<r be,.. h.. r........ r_ papor 'N<...... 11l64 . t>y · "n.. ......._ .. o(do<

,"""......__ n~ <J{""ri<d«Obl,~ ",.., ;., ""'_,.,. "' <f____""",,_......,_.-* 4 _ ..- ......

..... "",,',-I ... ' ou6 • • ~ t- -:0 Th;nyro"" IIa>'< ~..,.j .in« ,,.,.. pap« ..... pr-.d iIt T~ ....~ by.-....."'..1)."""""'-1<_ ...-.. .... "'"__ 00 Ito< ,..,..,.~..bj.-Ih<_<'t"""'" potoli<.._ 4<01.. _ "'" lOPe."'" miJIII «lIO<ludo ..... _.... - _ ....;,,011) ,,0«1 <_ .... " oIly ....""" "" , ,1Ioc tho:...t;o<1 iAcrnocd oipi6<oooIly," "<Wi _ oo-ty......~ ..- 01 .... oundotdollO<! 01. l""'''l>Iy _

In lr , ..,..~..... kIlkM"" ""'" quntlOni"'''port><ulM' irnpot--_.0;,..,.""",,,,..,,.....,••~""" (j .• • _I<tlIpt< j."'" ";11110 ....hnol__.. _"'Of< if 1oodI.. iI -.._ by _ if "'"0<'0' IoodiOf ..__ for • __ p<nool <It,_ .

: Wba ...... -. , <_.,. <><ry "" ••" .... pniow,l ,,, ...... if ...._"'" of. """"""'- <-" noood • >pe<iMd_~)c_._,_;...-........_.... <.. .....-Ioorl- 1oodooII boWJO<l..KIno .,,-..0<11.. a "",ill<d Ianp<r>llft linUl~

Th< fi"'qI><'SIIOO t<qUII'n<Gll1pUUl>Ollof .... ......,......... of .... "'__,,,_....... "",_ ,.... r<rin"' ioo<fud; ~_ ....",c._. Thio _ be "'....«1

~- .... ....- ohrn_ in S<c1i<IM H '.J.

"Copyrighted rnaklnal

• ron 1 • o.t_,"1

The 0«l0fI0l """_ -.. '" "'" <1.....,01 pro!>Ittn of 0Iin" ",hd oJ",;"'10<1<> <y<1i< .-_ . The ."ti.. """....... lemp<o'><.. lo<<Jto ei_,""" ody--._ .._ ... f"""""-h"" "o,,"or,,,~, Tho ""'" penodof-..,.. ...,. bel 10"'n ..... ;'fi""~_ In "'" Lo<ter <......... _no"'" _y...... cy<h< ...... of <ahle<.The _ ,--. .,.,...t>/}' "'Il'<r<nI fa"""", ..,.... <1mliI, could feJl'<""'" "'" <WV<>

>t1Iir< .... 0:-. of -...... ..-""". l!UI ocakd oppropnaItlJ' to ",lIoL~

d>or>lP ill tb< 1oodilo:I. ,,_1..,), >;><rial """"" "lOY apply f« Iii< durat ion of ,ho~....- « .•. . a IOtp fI" ' .... _ 1<1 II< oppIK<IlO >00>< , -,),

Th< llNrd_ lIocI> """II... ....,..,.. ...........~ '-u"", .."'....... . y>I<1lI Ih< .y op<tOI<J<'- "'k..,.. _ loq !lli> COI>di,iooI , onbe_..-.

Tn ,he: lInl __~, of , "".",......u", 'wio<ioo ..""

,,,,,,, ...~ The>e romp,,"__ " _ "" ""-;';;01 """"'" pre><ftlOdin lin, <IIapIer. Sptrial ...... ., ..ill '" l*"l "" 41, _ of on~ Ii...lOOP- m pr<"..., IIandlIllll of til< _uoI boot'". of, , _ OJ .... DKeWly '" _k>< "'" '_OOIl of.~ ......,.. of .......li<".,...",..... ..ilft ..,,""' , The\JUt....... of .... lou ,..., ;. """"'''''' ill Sc<olOlll ' .2 ..... S,S, Th< ..1ocWn of ....,..., _ <l<J'<ftd>oolh<1'f<IC"'Iur< oolopOed fo< .... diO<f<ilialioo of .... 1oס<i,_, A briefo!jO«MlOOt of 1lIi""pd. 1"'<_;" s...,.,., 11,!.l

In~,~ of"""""'''' .....J' ('f"<'lioo 2 _ . "",,«> .. il<Ql' "pro«<Iw<. The ....... _ Iwp _on ,,," odjv<tment of C_ _ inp _ AI""",

*p of ""' .......,. of eaclI,_ .. ......... _ .... "'..,,, ....... ollb< """ red~.. ..<~ l _ F;, _' .1 ). TIll. _ """,ire, "'" _ pm._ .. ..... of

'1"<"- I.To _ _ llI< Illird n ~-I<>nl'.- 01 .,... _ .. or O<pbYe

"" ...,., ., ..._ •• io."""'. 0..... bme _ " ... lot " pori........ ""'.._ "'" _ """,.

puUolJ "'".....,.....__ ,, <oil«!. If iIo< <el~"'"'''''' 01/ iIo< comp.>nmI 01/ _ i> " iIh...iIo< 'P<'<'iI<d "*'-'< frnm .... dnirod l<rnp<f1il..... II>< pro«« i. ""I'fI"<l' _ io<,,,IOC'O lim< honrooI io or>l lll< oIfO'XInn " rqoeo«d

_ "" ,.. <ti,.. iIo<~ 10 ""01"",,, <e_""" io ,"" ......_ ........ blockill 011 u,"bttnt: oon>l<I<rrd. 1ln. block "'lill~" fair!}' C<I<'IIpI<.proJf1ifIIftIInl pro<_ IO Iakt inoo """"'.... ..If _ ....... ""..,.... ..... 10"" .....odj...""",. iff "" 0oס1 c........... 10 ... lI<a a-te' io. Ill< rondwctot ............, " ill>

~-T.-io 01/ _ col>l«"'1"..... .... 001.."", of II><~ lot .... ....1fl'<Xil

iff F~ ),J , Tho: """"' _;tyinllm""" .. iIoe .,.. .... _ _ ....

rio< ... . ,ime.' 9( ' 1, U" IIII.< in 1be Mea<Iy...... onaI) ~"""'" .f_ 01/.... ''''''',.;1Ot<......". I (, ). Theref"", . ill< I""'=i lot d<I<nnioIi... ill< ;mum...... 01/ 1~'llOthaltb< ,"""" _ ...... _ """""",uno " _ ..<<<<Io<fr<qo.....10 .....",.. ,...-. cqo..... " "'" >impk~ 01/ id<nIi<;aI <aN<. <arr}'WIJ <qUaI

""""'"~ ;,. " ono4<JmI _ " "" ...WO.m...,... ~ lot itli. ,M<...... " plioiO ""...~ ok><lupo<i. 111'< ",II d,""" __ ""'" ill ,Ifo. ,"""'",

".'... _ _ _ .-*_..,,"'._ ...... .. .... _ ..."'-' '' _ "_' ~ . ... <I"', '"",,,

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f I _0-I R""... ......... ....-.... I

I Co<np.Ao- -~~ I,

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•

-U AfSl'1lN$l TO• STt, fUIICllON

~ 1 '_.."'_ ". """"ioi<r ,too """,I< <oN< ")........ . ,... ..,.. ........

<_ ..r "", cfli <oN< <""OI" ;" • bod"1I 0.- <loco bonI.. •he ........ ,. ,,,. 01 til< ..wy if,

, _""'''' ''''' __ ,.. "'" ...._ ;" 1';1· l .' . Our """ ;,.., -..,., . ",-""",'" "' ''....,...... .-... ,,"",,"'" f<wr .......-..-__•.A._....,. _'11_.1lI<..- 1<CIlI'<fOl.... n.. _ .orioN< 10:*l1li y he """"<ltd ~Ill""""" ""__"",,..,..", ""__•~.....-.. "'Ii -,-an.-...""l' on< af ..hidl the I<>0o:I'0' nu~ hc ............ hc _ . T1kt'<f<'n. iii< ""'t"'-'" "' .,oN< .. . '"'" ,""'~ in , ..--reO! Ino<li<II ..ill hc """"""'" Iinl.

no. K<f"J'I '" okpc on the ,'",_"'" 01_ '~iunca -.:I ....,..-...I~ II}' the """..i ' p.," ",·the ,oN< _ ,. ib _ ... . T1k .._ """, .

Copyrighted maertal

• ..... ,._"'".--. ollll< __ pom~ _ lh< duralion of .... Ir.,,, ...' """'. """.;,;to....J IU. .... Io.r. """'" Ioid Weclly in lh< lround. _ <_"""".. of .... . obI<. andltI< "'lIl' in _10....,. .. tak<n i"'" 1oOOOlI irnp<.nono r.. """'.Qnoim_........but <an b<..,._......... InI"""< f<>r~ ..""";. ,eqlllred. Th<__ IIf "'"

..nuund 'IOS ""' it.. "" II>< other u..l. 1IO,'iJiI>l< r", ...".. Iw. 10 iNo""""'.. to< 100 Thi< kJI~ from lh< fa<! "'"' Ill< , «III of "'" ._il.." .. .- _ 1Ioe ,;m<~ of .... IU<f<IIoOdina ..,...

111< lh<tmol ott i<lmd io. mi. "'"'" <leri.~i<>o. of .... 1llInpt<l _Iodd<r"""""" _ .myi. .... "'..,.,."' tol ,..wmpu<..Klm(B"'..... I~ I,Van W""",,". 19" : N<hn:. 1'l6ol: ClGRE. 1'f12: If£ .<Ill,. 1'I1l9' I'<r~.......""""""' Ilauoloo. (196:11_ ""'" _ \ 1\16.1> PI"I'<_IO fqn><nl ' coI>I< in jo<l'_ Ioopo.. _ . I""""I<d pro«<Iure> .... <:<J<IIbm&ft. ........ Io<JlIt.. ... ","..n 0 ....,.

_ ...-.rortt " hidl .... _ >4opool ...,. CI(;IlE WG Q2 IIld publnhod on Ekoc....,OGRE. 1971). T1IU ""'"' io _ ..... ioI S«1"", l12, _. tr....f<Jnn><i"" " I •...kiloop lOtl_ """ ,...,.kq> __..... """ ....~ ""1"..... __ ial .......... """"brior< .... ........ _ _ puur;on.<1rt b<ptrlom>«l. bul. b.. iM ,hi" Ille""""""...."_In>",*,. ol""~"""' 1!Ian l!Ieoonduclo<. A~i'l~ brlnw Infonalylical ool.....ot lhe........ _ . <JeD<t>Ily. IM ..._ ";111><~hat dllf.....fa< __..... ""'*_ .......-.. ..........lly. 1lw:: kmrl'lII dur>l"", 10415100. ..... 111<><I..., <U<t <1ft b< 10 be 1 n, SbJII trm>i<nt, .........- '" lMI ....... 10""". A"""" <IetaIlt<I1Im< 41 ""'........ ""'" and k"'f~',_ I>< _ in Section J.J.

Tb< "''' rUe<1f • u bI< _ _ ,..... ronolucIo<. ""'..... JOd«. "",.J <an

be ..pre><Ntd I»' "'" ..... of''''''~"''' lh< laIlp<mun: ril< iol.Ml< ..... out""" ........., Tho: In<thod <Jl oomblmnl I!le>e ..... rot,...."',.... _ "" _ '" (Mori:I1o.19$1\, ClGRE. 1m : II:C. ln~. 1 9W~ maI..<••H",",ona: ""II>< "'" "'1Iich """"",1>1<>;" <lot fi'" pM 01 ""' _ """,", ....~ r=<M, in • OO<I'Oopond;nl tNo... ion ...ilwo _"'*""' .... 00C<IIIlll port <binI ilwo inMwonI, Tho.-"", fliClOl , k_ n .. Ilwo............ fa<*r oil'" flf ""' lInI port flf ""' il>ennaI cimli> ioCOOIpUI«l ... ,",., of Ib<l«npCfOO..., .... ocroH fu10 port lime • """"I ""' to ....~ ri",""""" II>< IMII< port .-d)' Thon. .... """P"'OO"" ...".. of ""' _ portflf Ib<"""""' ,-;m,;, .. rotnpoo«I O( ~, rnporn< to .!ICpf_of 1><00 input _hil,hod"". -...,. rot_(...- ... ti..... Joqua! KI""' ............. f...... ....... """ port,E_al_ flf ...... """P"'OO""" i. _ ..><01 I><luw, Tho .01><101, " f ""rcl"".~) pro.,,,•...._.-;., ' 'I'm """,,,._ _ "" WlodIP,ki II>d CaI>ia< t 1_,

The _ """" of lI>< .obI< <1><_, ""' rompI<t< cobl< lodOaJ: il.o ,_,.,......"11 01 _-«>m>oion JIfOI<"l...... If ill< ,obi< i&~"O\<d in '" pip<, the 4u<t Ill<!pop< l ir>:I" dll'll pop< pr<*<"tIV< c"""""'I ) II'< ok<> ;,0;1_. Fat c"" in ...., tl>< c_.....-.io .. , ,"'" ""'.

""'I)"i ~ octw<n......iI _ .. f;~, ) ,J._~ II>< -.m,"",,,,,, flf

the •• p"' "" _ t\ooo:t..,. c "" til< >wi,,""" of . fOlciIll! ' '''"'tion,In our 'a><, Ib< !orcinl function ;, the oond"""" 1><... ""'- -.- ""' __ ..",p ;, .he.."",""",_ .... _ Ib< . obI< .....-..... 00 .."., f , nu. i ~,...... "" "'i' iItOll •_"al_~~ ,ailed .... '-Iffr-""" of th< _ . It '''"'' OUI that tI.........r..- t\ooo:t.... iI "" """'"' ttarKfOl1lt ollb< unit_impvll< <>f ib< .......ri.. The

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•"'U I " W,_L 1;, II - ..... '),.,

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P,-" ~.· ,

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PART II EVALUATIONOF PARAMETERS

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8Joule Losses in Screens,

Sheaths, Armor, and Pipes

1.1 IliTR00lJCT1011

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U SHUTH IOMOIM6 AIIRANGlMfllTS

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U CIRCUlATING CURRENT I.OS$ES INSHEATH AIIOARMOR

Tho boo.i< eqoootioM for calntlatm, .lfcubl.... ......- 1M......_ _ 1opW by . .............. """" ;n 1920" M<__ ... ..._1l'l27 L And,hlmLond C_ tl~:n. 1'1211. l<IlOIn< c , trOd. of 0<I<ly <Wmlto -. ""'_ io. __ <l<nolop<d: .n""""'_""" off ,of0<I<ly ,""""",, -. inoi,,,,Ik rompored ,,"" citallat,"l<UrT<tII loHeo. and CGUkl be ipoted. Tho oqu.otioM prn<-.t ia IF(: 1'uIllk:.._

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..0<Un« ..im "" OIl.... ''''' <>rc><h>;:oon.n...-.,,,,', ,_-.-.. i..... b!lUf< of ",_", it>-.. """""_ The """ ioO.o<1an« iI tlIc: 1mL.,. of ..-..-..".•• II >tlI 1h<,wmo in .... och<r ron<liocIon. I~"" .......' p><nJly." .... <polial _ ,raJ of ft ,. dolo"' • ..,;, cur=u ...... .... """"""'" of<Um"' ..... it ........ .)

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...n_ lli".,.... ""~ ....rof .-u=no l i . """"""mal<I} ............. 'ho ,,,,,,pcaIof nu....... Ilol1..... ) po; 'ifIL,., 0I1of _ <"""'"

Tho inductonoet n ith,n .-..., . ,dlln .... ,Mcu...... of ,to<........__.. 011 _ 101..,.,;.' ....<.,;Illl<p.by~.._oil inInnaI coNe indu<:tan<n,

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'"....... " .. mean d1......... of til<""..h. """

t... m<.. tlud.." of ..... .......... mm.

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Tho.ao:h. , lwbe<n appnnimalcd by". all ."a . Th<~ i>Ji_ bytil< .....",.. 01"'" II... . ..... .... proportioII of <IlrmII iO ....."..-. 10 tluI Ill< ;"" .....

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in .... IF£ 287 ( 1994. SWIdanL Tho ",..n<tic fl<1oh ..."hin .... lhrlAe.. ollh<......,._•~"ioo. <Jf ......iaIlk'Od <Unl. lick!-. The cil<lllal lick!- f..,..1Il< ""'"""""" and""'....... ..my o",fann"""""" ""' ..... _ _ -1__ oI lh.....-....... _.. o"'f<'<'lll . The fi<k!- from Ih< 1mIO<',_. <UrmII, _ .... ........fonn. The u inlfi<k1 ;, rr= m .. Ih< '''''''' l.lIIf"", 01.... ImIO< lk'Od d"cru ••, '" UN .. <II< _ -I.."

' 10_ _ ...__ __01.. _ ._.. , '-..._ _....__ _--,._-_....... . -n.. ....__.. _-_ ....---""'-""- .._-,_..... "'_w". ' ••_,...__

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II>< cin lidol i> i tho _ ...no« nl' "'" 0I'd dt,,,,,o>c> "' uro ...... i wrf _ .. th< <ircIo1ar IYId II • ,i><ft rod,.. i. c..-.! II)' cormIIlI ...radii. The i>"""'l'Ii<0I«l t>y Iht fa<1 ..... .........nn.: pnm<o/'Iihly of un i>iliff potaI ~1O .... "'_. n..__ li<Ido ..........·.n .-""" tIC =oI-t i_dI_ ponollel .....~ I.IO "',m(....f i, . 8 .• • I.~__........ ...llcaI ,.,.,.......,. CIt c""""" onolllu...-. '" nUl h""_ '~';""'i <It_ "' ,;""'in. Th<rd"",. '" ............ oSeri,-..;-. po . ...oood at< _.,. .... itIrqroI ol«JIIlPIt. "'''''~.,..,. "'" ..,. ...of .... armor _erial, The><"""J'"h" i<lrnt1<lll1O lhoo< <n<oUnI<""';" ".,·hnlqc~ Tbt ......~i< _ i> Jil<¢ll b)' """..,,,,", '"""""" u""h"...I~~

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... """"'-. 10> .. fOO'I awo.o imahOll. _ .... inl<$fOl 01ft., from ndi.. of "'"""..h to d,,,,,,,,, •.

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Rating of Electric Power Cables Ampacity Computations for Transmission by George J Anders