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Osamu Kamigaito
RIKEN Nishina Center
Rare-Isotope Beam Facilities in Asia
Neutron halo
& skin
Proton halo
r-process
rp-process
Evolution of
Shell structure
Super-Heavy
Element
New excitation
mode
RIB facilities world-wide
RIKEN/RIBF KEK/KISS
ANL/CARIBU MSU/ReA3
FRIB TRIUMF/ISAC
Notre Dame
TwinSol
Sao Paulo
LBL/Bears IRIS
IMP HIRFL
CERN/REX-ISOLDE
GANIL SPIRAL II
GSI/FAIR
VECC IUAC
INFN/SPES
INFN/EXCYT IBS/RISP
EURISOL
Dubna
Texas A&M
Munich/MAF
F
RAL SIRIUS
Louvain-la-Neuve ARENAS3
CIAE/BRIF
“A new generation of high-intensity RNB facilities of each of the two basic
types, ISOL and In-Flight, should be built on a regional basis.” (The OECD Megascience Forum Report of the Working Group on Nuclear Physics, 1999)
RIB facilities in Asia
RIKEN / RIBF
KEK / KISS
IMP / HIRFL
VECC
IUAC IBS / RISP
CIAE / BRIF
fRC(2006)
AVF
(1989)
RRC(1986)
IRC(2006) BigRIPS
(2006)
RILAC2
(2010)
RILAC
(1981)
RIKEN RIBF, Japan
3 Injectors & 4 Booster cyclotrons
In-flight fragmentation / fission
SRC
(2006)
(RIBF=Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory) Y. Yano, NIM B261 (2007) 1009
Xe, U
Zn etc for SHE
28GHz SC-ECRIS
Pre-buncher
RFQ
DTL1
DTL2
DTL3
Rebuncher
Rebuncher
To RRC @ 670 keV/u (M/q<6.8)
High-Energy
Beam Transport
Thin & Strong Quadrupoles Low-Energy
Beam Transport
RILAC2 Layout
Operation started in Dec 2010
K. Yamada, IPAC2012
• pol-d(250 MeV/u)
• d(250 MeV/u)
• 4He(320 MeV/u)
• 14N(250 MeV/u)
• 18O(345 MeV/u)
• 48Ca(345 MeV/u)
• 86Kr(345 MeV/u)
•124Xe(345 MeV/u)
• 238U(345 MeV/u)
120 pnA
1000 pnA
1000 pnA
400 pnA
1000 pnA
415 pnA
(6.8 kW)
30 pnA
15 pnA
3.5 pnA
Achieved beam intensities at RIBF
=> 2 × 1010 pps
Intensity upgrade plan
R&Ds:
•Charge stripper
=> (Dr. Okuno’s talk)
•Upgrade of fRC
=> Waiting for beam test
•UO2 oven
=> in progress
•Stabilization of temperature
•Dated components
Xe, U
Ar, Ca
d, α, O
New T1/2 measured !
99Rb
S. Nishimura et al., PRL 106 (2011) 052502
Recent results from RIBF
5 PRL, 3 PLB, 2 PRC, 2 JPSJ ..
New experimental apparatus & Collaboration
EUROBALL-RIKEN
Cluster Array
(EURICA)
Superconducting Analyser for
MUlti-particle from RAdio Isotope
beam (SAMURAI)
Rare-RI ring
Budget approved!
KISS / KEK (former TRIAC group)
Argon-gas catcher cell
+ Laser resonant ionization (Z)
+ Mass separation (A)
+ Low-background det. system
Mass separator
Decay measurement
stations
E3-room
(KISS : KEK Isotope Separation System)
E2-room J3-room
εtot.~ 7 % (t1/2=500 ms)
Rz~ 1000, RA~ 840
τextr.~ 240 ms
~3 day machine time for 200W
KISS project by KEK at RIKEN Courtesy of Prof. Miyatake (KEK)
Argon-gas catcher cell
+ Laser resonant ionization (Z)
+ Mass separation (A)
+ Low-background det. system
Mass separator
Decay measurement
stations
E3-room
(KISS : KEK Isotope Separation System)
E2-room J3-room
εtot.~ 7 % (t1/2=500 ms)
Rz~ 1000, RA~ 840
τextr.~ 240 ms
~3 day machine time for 200W
KISS project by KEK at RIKEN
E2 - room
Mass-, Atomic-number
Separated Beams
High Voltage
Cage Gas Cell (inside)
Courtesy of Prof. Miyatake (KEK)
Layout of HIRFL
CSRm(2006)
10.64 Tm
C=161 m
CSRe(2007)
SFC(1987)
K69MeV
SSC(1988)
K450MeV
Cancer therapy
Internal target
External target
PISSA
Mass measurement ToF target
Low energy Exp. area
Medial energy Exp. area
E-cooler
2 Cyclotrons + 2 Cooler-ring Synchrotron In-flight fragmentation
8.4 Tm
C=128.8 m
Courtesy of Prof. Zhao (IMP) IMP-CAS HIRFL, China (HIRFL = Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou)
209Bi36+, 170MeV/u
H2+, 400MeV/u
238U32+, 100MeV/u，107ppp
New beams in HIRFL Courtesy of Prof. Zhao (IMP)
• 1/3 resonance slow extraction
• RF-Knockout exciting
• Feedback of extraction rates with fast Qs
240 50 ions
Long pulse slow extraction in CSRm:10,000 s Courtesy of Prof. Zhao (IMP)
Recent results from HIRFL
Mass measured for drip-line nuclei 63Ge, 65As, 67Se, 71Kr
X. L. Tu, PRL 106 (2011) 112501
16
SC-ECR
LEBT
RFQ
MEBT
HEBT
DTL
SSC
1. 1 MeV/u beam for SSC
2. Beam intensity: >0.5 puA for 238U at Linac.
3. Parallel operation with SFC and Linac-SSC.
Near-future plan (next 2~3 years): SSC-Linac Courtesy of Prof. Zhao (IMP)
17
SC-ECR
LEBT
RFQ
MEBT
HEBT
DTL
SSC
1. 1 MeV/u beam for SSC
2. Beam intensity: >0.5 puA for 238U at Linac.
3. Parallel operation with SFC and Linac-SSC.
Near-future plan (next 2~3 years): SSC-Linac
SC-ECR
LEBT RFQ MEBT
DTL
HEBT
Aluminum prototype of IH-DTL tank1 Cavity coated with copper
in inner surface
Courtesy of Prof. Zhao (IMP)
18
SFC
SSC
T1
RIBLL1
PT
BL
2-S
Ly
3
BL
2-S
Lx
3B
L2
-SL
x1 B
L2
-MW
1
BL
2-S
Lx
2
BL
2-M
W2
BL
2-S
Ly
2B
L2
-SL
y1
2Q
07
2Q
08
BL
2-F
C3
BL
2-S
Lx
3B
L2
-SL
x1
BL
2-S
Lx
2
BL
2-S
Ly
2B
L2
-SL
y1
2Q
07
2Q
08
BLZ
-MW
1
BLZ
-FC
1
BS
WB
SW
R1
Q2
R1
Q2
L1
B1
2Q
12
2Q
11
2Q
12
2Q
11
2Q
10
2Q
10
BL
2-M
W4
RB
1R
B1
RQ
4R
Q4
RQ
6R
Q6
RQ
5R
Q5
2Q
14
2Q
13
2Q
14
2Q
13
2Q
15
2Q
15
TL1 -MW1
TL1-FC1
L1Q1
1V
S-1
RQ
7
BLR
-SW
2B
LR
-BS2
RQ
8
2Q
17
BLR
-FC
3
BLR
-SW
3
RQ
9R
Q9
RQ
10
RQ
10
2Q
18
BL
2-F
C5
R4B
1R
4B
1R
4Q
1R
4Q
1
1F
C-1
2Q
21
2Q
21
2Q
20
2Q
19
2Q
20
2Q
19
TR
4T
R4
R4B
2R
4B
2
A
R5B
1
R5
Q1
TR
5T
R5
R5
Q3
R5
Q4
TR5-FC1 TR5-MW
1
R5
Q2
R5B
2
BS
WB
SW
TR
1
R1
Q1
R1
Q2
R1
Q2
R1B
1
L1
B1
2Q
12
2Q
11
2Q
12
2Q
11
2Q
10
2Q
10
RQ
2
RQ
1
RQ
3
BL
2-F
C4
BLR
-SW
1B
LR
-BS1
RB
1R
B1
RQ
4R
Q4
RQ
6R
Q6
RQ
5R
Q5
2Q
14
2Q
13
2Q
14
2Q
13
2Q
15
2Q
15
TL1 -MW1
TL1-FC1
L1Q2
TR
2
RQ
7
BLR
-SW
2B
LR
-BS2
BLR
-FC
1
RQ
8B
LR
-DG
R
2Q
16
L3Q1
BLR
-FC
3
BLR
-SW
3
R3B
1
A
RQ
9R
Q9
RQ
10
RQ
10
BL
2-M
W6
BL
2-F
C5
R4B
1R
4B
1R
4Q
1R
4Q
1
1B
T-1
2Q
21
2Q
21
2Q
20
2Q
19
2Q
20
2Q
19
TR
4T
R4
R4B
2R
4B
2
R5B
1
R5
Q1
L3Q2
TR
5T
R5
R5
Q3
R5
Q4
R5
Q2
R5B
2
R3Q
1
R3Q
2
TR
3-MW
1
R3Q
4
R3Q
3
TR
3-FC1
TL
3
BL-SW
BL-FC
BL-SLx
BL-SLx
BL-SLy
BL-SLy
BL-FC
BL-DT1
BL-DT1
BL-DT2
TR2-FC1
TR2-VS1TR2PD1
R0B
2
R0B
3
R0Q
4
R0Q
1
R0Q
2
R0Q
3
TR
0
L2Q
1
L2Q
2
TL2
-FC1
TL2
-MW
1
L2B
1
TR
3
B
B
collimator
prebuncher
collimatorcollimator
collimatorcollimator
聚束器中心
L-Q24
L-B2
L-B3
L-Q1+CVH2L-Q4+CVH3
ChopperCVH4
FC+MW+SL
L-CV5L-CS1 L-B1
L-Q2L-Q3
L-CS2L-CS3
L-CS4L-CS5
L-CS6L-CS7
L-Q6L-Q7
rebuncher
L-Q8L-Q9
L-Q10-11L-Q12-14
L-Q15-17L-Q18-20
L-Q21-23
L-Q25
L-Q26
L-Q27
L-Q28
L-Q29
L-Q30
L-Q31
L-FC1
L-VS1
L-MW1
发射度测量系统
L-RFQ
L-BPM2L-BPM3
L-BPM4L-BPM5
L-BPM6
L-DTL1
L-DTL2L-DTL3
L-DTL4
真空阀门
发射度测
量系统
L-BPM1
IH-1
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
RFQ
re-Bunc
herB
uncher
DT
L1
DT
L2
DT
L3
DT
L4
DT
L5
DT
L6
DT
L7
DT
L8
DT
L9
DT
L10
DT
L11
DT
L12
DT
L13
DT
L14
DT
L15
DT
L16
DT
L17
DT
L18
DT
L19
S0
B0
re-Bunc
her
1. 10 MeV/u beam for CSRm.
2. Beam intensity: >5 euA for 238U.
3. Parallel operation with SFC,
SFC+SSC and Linac-CSR.
Element Length
[cm]
Frequency
[MHz]
Energy
[MeV/u]
LEBT 920 013.4167 0.00373
RFQ 252 53.6667 0.143
MEBT1 175 53.6667 0.143
DTL1 480 53.6667 1.025
MEBT2 400 161 1.025
DTL2 3000 161 10
HEBT 3300 161 10
CSR-Linac
Near-future plan (next 3~5 years): CSR-Linac Courtesy of Prof. Zhao (IMP)
Cyclotron
100 MeV H-
ISOL
Tandem
SCL
・ISOL / Driver = 100 MeV 200 mA compact H- cyclotron
・20000 mass resolution ISOL => Tandem => 2 MeV/q super-conducting LINAC
CIAE BRIF, China Courtesy of Prof. Liu (CIAE)
(BRIF = Beijing Rare Ion beam Facility)
・Project approved in 2003 - 2004 / Revised plan approved in 2008 – 2009
・Civil engineering started in 2011 / Cyclotron fabrication completed in 2011
20
H- compact cyclotron (CYCIAE-100) Courtesy of Prof. Liu (CIAE)
21
H- compact cyclotron (CYCIAE-100) Courtesy of Prof. Liu (CIAE)
Electric
polishing
device
Cold cabinet
Superconducting cavity
Cu-Nb spattering oven
Superconducting linac in fabrication
・BRIF will be commissioned in 2014.
Courtesy of Prof. Liu (CIAE)
Future plan : CARIF project at CIAE
・ISOL + PF scheme
Courtesy of Prof. Liu (CIAE)
HR cave-1
New annex building Under construction
K130 vault
ECR
RFQ1
RFQ2
LINAC1
LINAC2
LINAC3
LINAC4-6
1.3 MeV/u RIB
100 keV/u
1.7 keV/u
289 keV/u
415 keV/u
2011-13
29 keV/u 2005
2008
2010
2011
Target-IS
K130 Cyclotron beam
Linac3 is placed here for the time-being
RIB project – VECC, India Courtesy of Prof. Chakrabarti (VECC)
HR cave-1
New annex building Under construction
K130 vault
ECR
RFQ1
RFQ2
LINAC1
LINAC2
LINAC3
LINAC4-6
1.3 MeV/u RIB
100 keV/u
1.7 keV/u
289 keV/u
415 keV/u
2011-13
29 keV/u 2005
2008
2010
2011
Target-IS
K130 Cyclotron beam
Linac3 is placed here for the time-being
RIB project – VECC, India Courtesy of Prof. Chakrabarti (VECC)
HR cave-1
New annex building Under construction
K130 vault
ECR
RFQ1
RFQ2
LINAC1
LINAC2
LINAC3
LINAC4-6
1.3 MeV/u RIB
100 keV/u
1.7 keV/u
289 keV/u
415 keV/u
2011-13
29 keV/u 2005
2008
2010
2011
Target-IS
K130 Cyclotron beam
Linac3 is placed here for the time-being
RIB project – VECC, India Courtesy of Prof. Chakrabarti (VECC)
HR cave-1
New annex building Under construction
K130 vault
ECR
RFQ1
RFQ2
LINAC1
LINAC2
LINAC3
LINAC4-6
1.3 MeV/u RIB
100 keV/u
1.7 keV/u
289 keV/u
415 keV/u
2011-13
29 keV/u 2005
2008
2010
2011
Target-IS
K130 Cyclotron beam
Linac3 is placed here for the time-being
RIB project – VECC, India Courtesy of Prof. Chakrabarti (VECC)
HR cave-1
New annex building Under construction
K130 vault
ECR
RFQ1
RFQ2
LINAC1
LINAC2
LINAC3
LINAC4-6
1.3 MeV/u RIB
100 keV/u
1.7 keV/u
289 keV/u
415 keV/u
2011-13
29 keV/u 2005
2008
2010
2011
Target-IS
K130 Cyclotron beam
Linac3 is placed here for the time-being
RIB project – VECC, India Courtesy of Prof. Chakrabarti (VECC)
Multiple target chamber
RIB Prod. route T1/2 pps @ FC2
14O 14N(p,n) 71 s 4.4 x 103
42K 40Ar(α,pn) 12.36 hr 2.7 x 103
41Ar 40Ar(α,2pn) 109 min 1.3 x 103
1.46 MeV 40K (backg.)
2.31 MeV 14O (71 s)
4.4 x 10 3 pps
March 6,2012 Gamma-ray spectrum at FC2 (before RFQ)
ECR
RFQ2
Det @ FC1
Detector @FC2
L2 L1 L3
Detector @ entry
Radioactive atoms from
target chamber placed in
cyclotron vault
HR cave RIB site
1.29 MeV 41Ar (109 min)
1.3 x 10 3 pps
1.46 MeV 40K (backg.)
Gamma-ray spectrum at FC2 (before RFQ) Jan 12, 2012
41Argon (109 min.)
14Oxygen (71 sec.)
Measured RIB decay-spectra before RFQ2 Courtesy of Prof. Chakrabarti (VECC)
Injector
20kW
ICM
Gun
Buncher
300 keV
Accelerator
300 keV to 10 MeV 10 MeV to 50 MeV
20kW 20kW
ACM1
20kW 20kW
ACM2 Diag.
Beam dump
10MeV, 2 mA 50MeV, 2 mA
Diag.
Beam dump
Phase-1 : 2009 – 2013 Phase-2 : 2013 – 2017
VECC-TRIUMF
MOU phase-1
50 MeV superconducting e-linac (VECC-TRIUMF collaboration)
Courtesy of Prof. Chakrabarti (VECC)
Phase-1
Phase-2
1+
Ion
Source
1+ RIB
LINAC booster
SC Ring Cyclotron
Stripper
Stable isotope
injection
Stable Isotope Beam
Separator
RFQ
ECR Ion Source
LINAC
100 MeV/u
P
F
S
Material Science with stable & RIBs
Nuclear structure, Elastic/ Inelastic scattering, Coulomb barrier physics, Super Heavy Elements
1.0 MeV/u
1.5 keV/u
0.1 MeV/u
7 MeV/u
Spectroscopy of r-process, n-rich exotic nuclei
Nuclear Astrophysics
12th Plan 2012-17
2017-onwards
High freq., high current ECR Ion Source
Storage
Ring
n
Actinide
Target
SC electron LINAC 50 MeV, 100 kW
e- g
Ta
e-
1.5 keV/u
Studies on drip line & near drip line nuclei
Neutron beam-line for nuclear astrophysics
e+e-
e+ Positron beam-line
n+ RIB
RIB
RIB
Radioactive
Atoms
Future plan: ANURIB facility
A National Facility for Unstable and Rare Isotope Beams
・ISOL + PF scheme
Courtesy of Prof. Chakrabarti (VECC)
Production of low energy 7Be radioactive ion beam at IUAC using HIRA (HIRA: Heavy-Ion Reaction Analyzer)
7Be radioactive ion beam (RIB) has been optimised Energy range of 7Be RIB: 17 to 22 MeV
Production reactions: (p,n),(d,n) type of reactions in inverse kinematics
Filter + transporter: existing RMS, HIRA operated in new ion optics
Typical RIB parameters
Size ~ 4 mm (fwhm), & = +/- 30 mrad, E = +/- 0.5 MeV
Purity > 99% , Intensity ~104 pps
IUAC, India Courtesy of Prof. Roy (IUAC)
HYbrid Recoil mass Analyzer - Unique dual-mode, dual-stage spectrometer
with large acceptances and rigidity at IUAC, New Delhi
(to fully exploit ECR + LINAC beams of higher energy and intensity)
Useful to access heavy fusion evaporation residues with large efficiency along beam direction in gas-filled mode rejecting beam-like particles, target-like recoils and fission fragments – First stage only
(similar to Dubna, RIKEN, LBL, JYFL facilities but unique in design)
Useful to produce secondary radioactive beams (similar to 7Be in HIRA but with higher energies and lesser purity) in momentum achromatic (vacuum) mode – First stage only
HYRA at IUAC, India N. Madhavan et al., PRAMANA J. Phys. 75 (2010) 317
Courtesy of Prof. Roy (IUAC)
HYRA (Gas-Filled Separator / Vacuum Mode RMS) – First stage
Courtesy of Prof. Roy (IUAC)
Nuclei : 7Be, 13N, 17,18F
Energy Range: 20-50 MeV
Expected flux: 103-104 /s
Science Business Belt
Accelerator complex
Institute for Basic Science
IBS – RISP project, Korea Courtesy of Prof. Kim (SNU/IBS)
(RISP=Rare-Isotope Science Project)
Concept of the Accelerator Complex
IF Linac
Future Extension
200 MeV/ u (U),
8 p A
Stripper
18 MeV/u
280 MHz SCL
70 MHz
RFQ 70 MHz SCL
28 GHz
SC ECR IS
H2+ , D+
Spallation,
Fission Target
RF Cooler
Mass
Separator
ISOL Linac
ECR IS
70 MHz SCL 70 MHz RFQ
Charge Breeder
10 keV/u
Nuclear Data
Low Energy Experiments
0.3 MeV/u 1~5 MeV/u 18 MeV/u
High Energy
Experiments
SR
Medical
Research
400 kW
Target
Fragment
Separator
Atomic Trap
Experiments
70 kW
Cyclotron
Gas
Catcher,
Gas cell
Material
Science Beta-NMR
U33+
Nuclear Astrophysics
Material science
Bio science
Medical science
Nuclear data
Atomic / Nuclear
physics Nuclear Physics
Medical science
Material science
Material science
IBS – RISP project, Korea Courtesy of Prof. Kim (SNU/IBS)
• R&Ds of RI-Beam facilities are very active in Asia.
• New facilities are planned to start in coming 10 years.
• Regional and international collaborations are important in
various technical challenges.
Summary
H. Sakurai
M. Wakasugi
S. Nishimura
H. Miyatake
Accelerator Group
H. W. Zhao
A. Chakrabarti
A. Roy S. K. Kim
E. S. Kim
W. P. Liu
Many thanks to
Nuclear Landscape
Neutron halo
& skin
Proton halo
r-process
rp-process
Evolution of
Shell structure
Super-Heavy
Element
New excitation
mode
K2600-MeV SRC
World’s first superconduting RING cyclotron
Bmax= 3.8 T, Total weight = 8300 tons
First beam: Dec. 2006
Achieved Intensity=> 4He: 1000 pnA, 48Ca:415 pnA, 238U: 3.5 pnA etc.
2007 BT
•T. Ohnishi et al., “Identification of New Isotopes 125Pd and 126Pd Produced by In-Flight Fission of 345
MeV/nucleon 238U: First Results from the RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 77 (2008) 083201. <= 238U 345 MeV/u
2008 BT
•T. Ohnishi et al., “Identification of 45 New Neutron-Rich Isotopes Produced by In-Flight Fission of a 238U
Beam at 345 MeV/nucleon”, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79 (2010) 073201. <= 238U 345 MeV/u
•T. Nakamura et al., “Halo Structure of the Island of Inversion Nucleus 31Ne”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009)
262502. <= 48Ca 345 MeV/u
•P. Doornenbal et al., “Spectroscopy of 32Ne and the Insland of Inversion”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009)
032501. <= 48Ca 345MeV/u.
•P. Doornenbal et al., “Exploring the “island of inversion” by in-beam γ -ray spectroscopy of the neutron-rich
sodium isotopes 31,32,33Na”, Phys. Rev. C 81, (2010) 041305(R). <=48Ca 345 MeV/u
•M. Takechi et al., “Interaction cross sections for Ne isotopes towards the island of inversion and halo
structures of Ne-29 and Ne-31”, Phys. Lett. B 707, (2012) 357. <=48Ca 345 MeV/u
2009 BT
•S. Nishimiura et al., “b-Decay Half-Lives of Very Neutron-Rich Kr to Tc Isotopes on the Boundary of the r-
Process Path: An Indication of Fast r-Matter Flow”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 (2011) 052502. <= 238U 345 MeV/u
•T. Sumikama et al., “Structural Evolution in the Neutron-Rich Nuclei 106Zr and 108Zr” Phys. Rev. Lett. 106
(2011) 202501. <= 238U 345 MeV/u
•H. Watanabe et al., “Low-lying level structure of the neutron-rich nucleus 109Nb: A possible oblate-shape
isomer”, Phys. Lett. B 696 (2011) 186. <= 238U 345 MeV/u
•H. Watanabe et al., “Development of axial asymmetry in the neutron-rich nucleus 110Mo”, Phys. Lett. B 704
(2011) 270. <= 238U 345 MeV/u
•K. Sekiguchi et al., “Three nucleon force effects in intermediate-energy deuteron analyzing powers for d p
elastic scattering”, Phys. Rev. C 83 (2011) 061001(R). <=pol-d 250 MeV/u
2010 BT
•R. Chevrier et al., “Is the 7/2- Isomer State of 43S Spherical?”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 (2012) 162501. <=
48Ca 345 MeV/u
