Rare and Uncommon Native Vascular Plants of Vermont ... · The Vermont Rare and Uncommon Native Vascular Plants List is produced by the Vermont Fish & Wildlife ... among all New England

The Vermont Rare and Uncommon Native Vascular Plants List is produced by the Vermont Fish & Wildlife

Department's Natural Heritage Inventory with assistance from the Scientific Advisory Group on Flora of the VT

Endangered Species Committee. The Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory is the state’s official repository for records of

rare, threatened, and endangered species. Information in the Natural Heritage Database is the result of work of botanists,

natural resource professionals and interested amateurs.

This list is intended to inform naturalists, biologists, planners, developers and the general public about our rare native

flora. It contains a listing of the rare and uncommon, native, vascular plants of Vermont. These species may be rare

because they have very particular habitat requirements, are subject to habitat loss, are at the edge of their range, are

vulnerable to disturbance or collection, or have difficulty reproducing for unknown reasons.

Some taxa on this list are rare varieties of otherwise common or exotic species, and are noted as such. Unless

noted, varieties/subspecies on this list can be assumed to be the only varieties/subspecies of the species in Vermont.

Species with a state status of Threatened or Endangered (T or E) are protected by Vermont’s Endangered Species Law

(10 V.S.A. Chap. 123). Those with a federal status of Threatened or Endangered (LT or LE) are protected by the Federal

Endangered Species Act (P.L. 93-205).

The state and global ranks are informational categories regarding the rarity and extirpation/extinction risk of the species.

A brief explanation of legal status and informational ranks is attached to the end of the rare and uncommon plant list.

Members of the Scientific Advisory Group for Flora review the state ranks periodically for changes. Global ranks are

developed and reviewed by NatureServe (http://www.natureserve.org) and its international network of natural heritage

programs and conservation data centers.

Flora Conservanda (FC) status is a designation of a taxon’s rarity throughout New England. It is a collaborative effort

among all New England Heritage Programs and coordinated by the New England Wild Flower Society. Flora

Conservanda statuses were last reviewed and updated in 2012. See Appendix for explanation of ranks.

The Vermont Rare and Uncommon Native Vascular Plants List follows the taxonomy and nomenclature included in the

following references:

Gilman, Arthur V. (2015) New Flora of Vermont

Gilman, Arthur V. (2017) County Checklist of the Vascular Flora of Vermont

Haines, Arthur (2011) Flora Novae Angliae

Haines, Arthur (2017) Flora Checklist (http://www.arthurhaines.com/tracheophyte-checklist)

If you locate a rare or uncommon species, the Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory would appreciate receiving

information on it. A Rare Plant Reporting Form is found at the end of this list. Please obtain landowner permission

before accessing private property.

For further information contact Robert Popp, Botanist (802) 476-0127; [email protected]; Vermont Fish &

Wildlife Department, 5 Perry Street Suite 40, Barre, VT 05641-4266

or Aaron Marcus, Assistant Botanist (802) 505-8099; [email protected]; Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department,

1 National Life Dr., Dewey Bldg., Montpelier, VT 05620-3702

Rare and Uncommon Native Vascular Plants of Vermont

Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory

Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department

09 August 2018

Federal

Status

Global

RankCommon NameScientific Name

State

Rank

FC

Status

State

Status

Slender Copperleaf S1 G5Acalypha gracilens

Black Maple S3 G5Acer nigrum

American Sweet-flag S3? G5Acorus americanus

Aleutian Maidenhair-fern S1 G5? Div. 2Adiantum aleuticum

Green Mountain

Maidenhair-fern

S2 G3 T Div. 1Adiantum viridimontanum

Smooth Agalinis SU G5Agalinis paupercula

Yellow Giant Hyssop S1 G5 T Div. 2Agastache nepetoides

Purple Giant Hyssop SH G4 T Div. 2Agastache scrophulariifolia

Southern Agrimony S1? G5 Div. 2Agrimonia parviflora

Hairy Agrimony SH G5Agrimonia pubescens

Boreal Bentgrass S1 G5Agrostis mertensii

Synonym(s): Agrostis borealis

Wild Garlic S1 G5T5 TAllium canadense var. canadense

Siberian Chives S1 G5Allium schoenoprasum

Burdick's Wild Leek SH G4G5 Div. 4Allium tricoccum var. burdickii1

Synonym(s): Allium burdickii

Green Alder S3 G5T5Alnus alnobetula ssp. crispa

Synonym(s): Alnus viridis ssp. crispa

Short-awn Foxtail S3 G5Alopecurus aequalis

Water Hemp S2 G4G5 Div. 2Amaranthus tuberculatus

Canada Shadbush SH G5Amelanchier canadensis

Small Round-leaved

Orchis

SH G5 Div. 2Amerorchis rotundifolia

Champlain Beach Grass S1 G2G3Q E Div. 1Ammophila breviligulata ssp.

champlainensis

2

Synonym(s): Ammophila champlainensis

Long-headed

Thimbleweed

S1S2 G5Anemone cylindrica

Early Thimbleweed S1 G5T5 E Div. 2Anemone multifida var. multifida

Alpine Sweet-grass S1 G5T3T5 T Div. 2Anthoxanthum monticola ssp.

monticola

Synonym(s): Hierochloe alpina ssp. orthantha

Regionally rare variety of an otherwise common native species.1

Globally rare subspecies of an otherwise introduced (to Vermont) species.2

Page 2 of 32Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018

Federal

Status

Global


State

Rank

FC

Status

State

Status

White Camas S1 G5T4T5 E Div. 2Anticlea glauca

Synonym(s): Zigadenus elegans ssp. glaucus, Anticlea elegans ssp. glauca, Anticlea elegans ssp. glaucus

Putty-root SH G5 T Div. 2Aplectrum hyemale

Lyre-leaved Rock-cress S2 G5 TArabidopsis lyrata

Synonym(s): Arabis lyrata

Dwarf Mistletoe S2 G5Arceuthobium pusillum

Arethusa S1 G5 T Div. 3aArethusa bulbosa

Green Dragon S2 G5 TArisaema dracontium

Churchmouse Threeawn S1? G5T5?Aristida dichotoma var. dichotoma

Spiked Grass S1? G5T5?Aristida longespica var. geniculata

New England Arnica SX G5T3T4 Div. 1Arnica lanceolata ssp. lanceolata

Synonym(s): Arnica mollis var. petiolaris

Boreal Wormwood S1 G5TNR Div. 2Artemisia campestris ssp. canadensis

Beach Wormwood S1 G5T5 Div. 3bArtemisia campestris ssp. caudata

Blunt-leaved Milkweed S1 G5 TAsclepias amplexicaulis

Poke Milkweed S3 G5Asclepias exaltata

Butterfly-weed SH G5?T5? TAsclepias tuberosa ssp. tuberosa

Whorled Milkweed S1 G5 EAsclepias verticillata

Mountain Spleenwort S1 G5 T Div. 2Asplenium montanum

Green Spleenwort S1 G4 T Div. 2Asplenium viride

Synonym(s): Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum

Alpine Milk-vetch SH G5T3 Div. 1Astragalus alpinus var. brunetianus

Canada Milk-vetch S2 G5T5 T Div. 2Astragalus canadensis var.

canadensis

Jesup's Milk-vetch S1 G5T1 LEE Div. 1Astragalus robbinsii var. jesupii

Blake's Milk-vetch S2 G5T5 Div. 2Astragalus robbinsii var. minor

Robbins' Milk-vetch SX G5TX Div. 4Astragalus robbinsii var. robbinsii

Smooth False-foxglove S2 G5T5Aureolaria flava var. flava

Feverweed S1 G5Aureolaria pedicularia

Downy False-foxglove S1 G5Aureolaria virginica

Yellow Wild-indigo SH G5Baptisia tinctoria

Yellow Bartonia S2 G5Bartonia virginica

Dwarf Birch S1 G4G5Q E Div. 2Betula minor


Federal

Status

Global


State

Rank

FC

Status

State

Status

Raymund's birch SNA GNABetula x raymundii3

Sandberg's Birch SNA GNABetula x sandbergii3

Small Beggar-ticks S2 G5Bidens discoidea

Tufted Beggar-ticks SU G5T5Bidens tripartita ssp. comosa

Alpine Smartweed SX G5 Div. 2Bistorta vivipara

Synonym(s): Polygonum viviparum

Downy Wood-mint SH G5 Div. 2Blephilia ciliata

Smooth Wood-mint SH G5?THQ T Div. 4Blephilia hirsuta var. glabrata

Hairy Wood-mint S2 G5?T5? T Div. 2Blephilia hirsuta var. hirsuta

Strawberry Blite S1 G5T5Blitum capitatum ssp. capitatum

Synonym(s): Chenopodium capitatum var. capitatum

Graham's Rockcress S2S3 G5Boechera grahamii4

Drummond's Rock-cress S1S2 G5 EBoechera stricta

Synonym(s): Arabis drummondii

Green Rock-cress S1 G5 Div. 2aBorodinia missouriensis

Synonym(s): Arabis missouriensis, Boechera missouriensis

Upswept Moonwort S1 G3 Div. 1Botrychium ascendens

Prairie Moonwort S1 G3G4 Div. 1Botrychium campestre

Common Moonwort SH G5 Div. 2Botrychium lunaria5

Mingan Moonwort SH G4G5 E Div. 4Botrychium minganense

Leathery Grapefern S3 G5Botrychium multifidum

Synonym(s): Sceptridium multifidum

Blunt-lobed Grapefern S1 G4 Div. 2Botrychium oneidense

Synonym(s): Sceptridium oneidense

Rugulose Grapefern S1 G3 Div. 1Botrychium rugulosum

Synonym(s): Sceptridium rugulosum

Least Moonwort S2S3 G5Botrychium simplex

Spatulate Moonwort S1 G3Botrychium spathulatum

Shade Moonwort S1 G5T4? Div. INDBotrychium tenebrosum

Synonym(s): Botrychium simplex var. tenebrosum

Shorthusk S2S3 G5Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb) Beauv6

Northern Rock-cress S1 G5T5 T Div. 2Braya humilis ssp. humilis

Wild Chess S2 G5Bromus kalmii


Vermont plants formerly attributed to Arabis divaricarpa.4

Based on a single historical specimen; now believed to be newly defined B. neolunaria or B. onondagense.5

Excluding Brachyeletrum aristosum Michx. Trel. in Branner & Coville.6

One parent, Betula pumila, is not known from Vermont but would be considered rare if found.3

Federal

Status

Global


State

Rank

FC

Status

State

Status

Langsdorf's Bluejoint S1 G5T5 Div. 2Calamagrostis canadensis var.

langsdorfii

7

Short-flower Bluejoint SH G5T5? Div. INDCalamagrostis canadensis var.

macouniana

7

Pickering's Reed-grass S1 G5 ECalamagrostis pickeringii

Bentgrass S1 G5T5 E Div. 2aCalamagrostis stricta ssp. inexpansa

Northern Reedgrass SNA G5T5 Div. 2Calamagrostis stricta ssp. stricta8

Northern Water-starwort SH G5 Div. 4Callitriche hermaphroditica

Large Water-starwort S2 G5T5Callitriche heterophylla var.

heterophylla

Synonym(s): Callitriche heterophylla ssp. heterophylla

Tuberous Grass-pink S3 G5T5Calopogon tuberosus var. tuberosus

Fairy Slipper S1 G5T5 T Div. 3aCalypso bulbosa var. americana

Synonym(s): Calypso bulbosa ssp. americana

Twin-flower Hedge

Bindweed

S2 G5T5 Div. 2Calystegia silvatica ssp. fraterniflora

Synonym(s): Calystegia sepium var. fraterniflora

Low Bindweed S2 G4G5T4T5 T Div. 2aCalystegia spithamaea ssp.

spithamaea

Spring Cress S1 G5Cardamine bulbosa

Cutleaf Toothwort S3 G5Cardamine concatenata

Cuckoo Flower S1 G5 Div. 2Cardamine dentata

Synonym(s): Cardamine pratensis var. palustris

Large Toothwort S2S3 G5Cardamine maxima

Small-flower bittercress S2 G5Cardamine parviflora

Summer Sedge S3 G4Carex aestivalis

Whitetinge Sedge SH G5T5Carex albicans var. albicans

Emmon's Sedge S1 G5T5Carex albicans var. emmonsii

Synonym(s): Carex emmonsii

Foxtail Sedge S1 G5 Div. 2Carex alopecoidea

Water Sedge S2S3 G5TUCarex aquatilis ssp. altior

Contracted Sedge S1 G5 ECarex arcta

Hay Sedge S2S3 G5Carex argyrantha

Awned Sedge S1 G5 Div. 2Carex atherodes

Regionally rare varieties of an otherwise common native species.7

Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018 Page 5 of 32

Based on one historical specimen questionably collected in Vermont.8

Federal

Status

Global


State

Rank

FC

Status

State

Status

Atlantic Sedge S1 G5T5Carex atlantica var. atlantica

Howe's Sedge S1 G5T5?Carex atlantica var. capillacea

Synonym(s): Carex atlantica ssp. capillacea

Blackish Sedge S1 G5 T Div. 2Carex atratiformis

Back's Sedge S3 G5Carex backii

Bicknell's Sedge SH G5 Div. 2Carex bicknellii

Bigelow's Sedge S1 G5TNR Div. 3bCarex bigelowii ssp. bigelowii

Fescue Sedge S3 G5Carex brevior

Bush's Sedge S1 G4 Div. 2aCarex bushii

Buxbaum's Sedge S1 G5 ECarex buxbaumii

Capillary Sedge S1 G5T5 T Div. 2Carex capillaris ssp. capillaris

Creeping Sedge S1 G5 E Div. 3bCarex chordorrhiza

Northeastern Sedge S2S3 G4G5Carex cryptolepis

Clustered Sedge S1 G4?Carex cumulata

Davis' Sedge S1 G4 Div. 2Carex davisii

Urchin Sedge S1 G5TNRCarex echinodes

Synonym(s): Carex tenera var. echinodes

Bog Sedge S2 G5Carex exilis

Bronze Sedge S2 G5 ECarex foenea9

Handsome Sedge S3 G4Carex formosa

Garber's Sedge S1 G5 T Div. 2Carex garberi

Flaccid Sedge SH G5T5 Div. 2Carex glaucodea

Slender Sedge S1 G5? Div. 2Carex gracilescens

Gray's Sedge S3 G4G5Carex grayi

Hitchcock's Sedge S3 G5Carex hitchcockiana

Houghton's Sedge SH G5Carex houghtoniana

Smooth Sedge S3 G5Carex laevivaginata

Loose Sedge S3 G5T5Carex laxiculmis var. laxiculmis

Shore Sedge S2S3 G5Carex lenticularis

Pale Sedge S1 G5 T Div. 2Carex livida

Greenish-white Sedge SH G5Carex longii

False Hop Sedge S2 G4Carex lupuliformis

Carex siccata is the currently accepted name for what was called Carex foenea in older manuals. Carex foenea is the

currently accepted name for what was called Carex aenea in older manuals.

9


Federal

Status

Global


State

Rank

FC

Status

State

Status

Fernald's Sedge S1 G5Carex merritt-fernaldii

Michaux Sedge S2 G5Carex michauxiana

Troublesome Sedge S1 G4 Div. 2Carex molesta

Nerveless Muehlenberg

Sedge

S1 G5T5 T Div. 3bCarex muehlenbergii var. enervis

Muehlenberg's Sedge S2 G5T5 TCarex muehlenbergii var.

muehlenbergii

Black Sedge SH G5Carex nigra

Few-fruited Sedge S1 G4G5 E Div. 2Carex oligocarpa

Few-seeded Sedge S2S3 G5Carex oligosperma

False Cyperus Sedge S3 G5Carex pseudocyperus

Richardson's Sedge S1 G5 E Div. 2Carex richardsonii

Beaked Sedge S1? G5 Div. 2Carex rostrata

Schweinitz's Sedge S2 G3G4 Div. 1Carex schweinitzii

Scirpus-like Sedge S2 G5T5 Div. 2aCarex scirpoidea ssp. scirpoidea

Hay Sedge S1 G5 ECarex siccata10

Dioecious Sedge S1 G4G5 Div. 3bCarex sterilis

Thin-flowered Sedge S1 G5 Div. 2Carex tenuiflora

Tinged Sedge SU G4G5Carex tincta

Hairy Sedge S3 G4Carex trichocarpa

Cat-tail Sedge S2S3 G5Carex typhina

Hidden Sedge SU G5Carex umbellata Schkuhr ex Willd11

Synonym(s): Carex abdita

Sheathed Sedge S1 G5 E Div. 3bCarex vaginata

Wiegand's Sedge S1 G4Carex wiegandii

Willdenow's Sedge SH G5 Div. 2Carex willdenowii

Pignut Hickory S2 G5Carya glabra

Pale Painted-cup S1 G5 T Div. 2aCastilleja septentrionalis

Prairie Redroot S1 G5 E Div. 2Ceanothus herbaceus

Synonym(s): Ceanothus ovatus

American Bittersweet S3 G5 Div. INDCelastrus scandens

Nodding Chickweed S1 G5T5 Div. 2Cerastium nutans ssp. nutans

Synonym(s): Cerastium nutans var. nutans

Carex siccata is the currently accepted name for what was called Carex foenea in older manuals. Carex foenea is the

currently accepted name for what was called Carex aenea in older manuals.

10

Not including Carex tonsa (Fern.) Bickn. 11


Federal

Status

Global


State

Rank

FC

Status

State

Status

Prickly Hornwort S2S3 G4Ceratophyllum echinatum

Wild Sensitive Plant S2 G5T5Chamaecrista nictitans var. nictitans

Synonym(s): Cassia nictitans

Bush's Goosefoot S1 G5T4T5 Div. 2Chenopodium berlandieri var.

bushianum

12

Coastal Pit-seeded

Goosefoot

SU G5T4Chenopodium berlandieri var.

macrocalycium

12

Fogg's Goosefoot S1 G2G3 Div. 1Chenopodium foggii

Spotted Wintergreen S3 G5Chimaphila maculata

Field Thistle S2 G5Cirsium discolor

Bog-rush S2S3 G5Cladium mariscoides

Virginia Spring Beauty S2 G5 Div. 2Claytonia virginica

Purple Clematis S3 G5T5Clematis occidentalis ssp. occidentalis

Synonym(s): Clematis verticillaris, Clematis occidentalis var. occidentalis

Long-bract Green Orchis S3 G5Coeloglossum viride

Synonym(s): Dactylorhiza viridis

Redtop Panic-grass S2S3 G5?TNRColeataenia rigidula ssp. rigidula13

Synonym(s): Sorengia longifolia ssp. rigidula

Small-flowered Collinsia SH G5 Div. 4Collinsia parviflora

Canada Horse-balm S2 G5Collinsonia canadensis

Oak-drops S3 G5Conopholis americana

Autumn Coral-root S2 G5T5 TCorallorhiza odontorhiza var.

odontorhiza

Flowering Dogwood S1 G5 TCornus florida

Synonym(s): Benthamidia florida

Golden Corydalis S2 G5 T Div. 2Corydalis aurea

American Hazelnut S2S3 G5Corylus americana

Pygmyweed S1 G5Crassula aquatica

Synonym(s): Tillaea aquatica

Biltmore Hawthorn S1 G5Crataegus biltmoreana

Stinking Hawthorn SH GNR Div. 4Crataegus boyntonii

Brainerd's Hawthorn SU G5 Div. 2Crataegus brainerdii

Fireberry Hawthorn S3? G5TNRCrataegus chrysocarpa var.

chrysocarpa

13 Coleataenia rigidula (Bosc ex Nees) LeBlond in Gilman (2015). Sorengia longifolia ssp. rigidula in Haines (2011).

Once included in Panicum agrostoides.

12 Chenopodium berlandieri var. bushianum is rare native variety. Chenopodium berlandieri var. macrocalycium is rare and

unresolved. Chenopodium berlandieri var. zschackei is a rare exotic variety.


Federal

Status

Global


State

Rank

FC

Status

State

Status

Precocious Hawthorn SH G4G5Q Div. 4Crataegus chrysocarpa var. praecox

Kansas Hawthorn SH G4?QCrataegus coccinioides

Northern Hawthorn SH G4G5Crataegus dissona

Dodge's Hawthorn S1 G4 Div. 4Crataegus dodgei

Faxon's Hawthorn SU G5 Div. 2Crataegus faxonii

Synonym(s): Crataegus chrysocarpa var. faxonii

Yellow Hawthorn SH GNRCrataegus flavida

River Hawthorn SU G3G4QCrataegus fluviatilis

Concord Hawthorn SH G3G4QCrataegus ideae

Intricate Hawthorn SH GNRCrataegus intricata

Blanchard's Hawthorn SU G4?TNR Div. 2Crataegus irrasa var. blanchardii

Synonym(s): Crataegus chrysocarpa var. blanchardii

Zigzag Hawthorn S1 GNRCrataegus irrasa var. irrasa

Jesup's Hawthorn SH G4G5Crataegus jesupii

Kennedy's Hawthorn SH GNA Div. 4Crataegus kennedyi14

Synonym(s): Crataegus x kennedyi

Grove Hawthorn SU G4? Div. 2Crataegus lucorum

Western Long-spine

Hawthorn

SU G5TNRCrataegus macracantha var.

occidentalis

15

Oakes' Hawthorn S1S2 GNR Div. 2Crataegus oakesiana

Poplar Hawthorn S1 GNRQ Div. 2Crataegus populnea

Rough-leaf Hawthorn SH G5?TNR Div. INDCrataegus scabrida var. asperifolia

Synonym(s): Crataegus asperifolia

Round-leaf Hawthorn SH G5?TNR Div. INDCrataegus scabrida var. cyclophylla

Synonym(s): Crataegus cyclophylla

Eggleston's Hawthorn SH G5?TNR Div. INDCrataegus scabrida var. egglestonii

Synonym(s): Crataegus egglestonii

Harsh Hawthorn SU G5?TNR Div. INDCrataegus scabrida var. scabrida

Pea Hawthorn SH G5TNR Div. 4Crataegus succulenta var. pisifera

Synonym(s): Crataegus pisifera

Fleshy Hawthorn S1 G5T5 Div. 2Crataegus succulenta var. succulenta

Weft Fern S1 G4G5 Div. 2Crepidomanes intricatum

Synonym(s): Trichomanes intricatum

In Gilman (2015) as Crataegus brainerdii x pruinosa.14



Federal

Status

Global


State

Rank

FC

Status

State

Status

Plains Frostweed S2 G5 TCrocanthemum bicknellii

Synonym(s): Helianthemum bicknellii

Canada Frostweed S2S3 G5Crocanthemum canadense

Synonym(s): Helianthemum canadense

Rattlebox S1 G5 TCrotalaria sagittalis

Fragile Rockbrake S3 G5 Div. 2Cryptogramma stelleri

Buttonbush Dodder S1 G5Cuscuta cephalanthi

Broad-flower Dodder SU G5T5?Q Div. INDCuscuta gronovii var. latiflora16

Northern Wild Comfrey S1 G5T4T5 T Div. 2Cynoglossum virginianum var.

boreale

Synonym(s): Cynoglossum boreale, Cynoglossum virginianum ssp. boreale, Andersonglossum boreale

Low Flatsedge S1 G5 ECyperus diandrus

Engelmann's Flatsedge S1 G4Q Div. INDCyperus engelmannii17

Red-root Flatsedge S2S3 G5Cyperus erythrorhizos

Houghton's Flatsedge S2 G4? T Div. 2aCyperus houghtonii

Rusty Flatsedge SU GNR Div. INDCyperus odoratus17

Awned Flatsedge S3 G5Cyperus squarrosus

Synonym(s): Cyperus aristatus

Ram's Head

Lady's-slipper

S2 G3 T Div. 1Cypripedium arietinum

Makasin's Yellow

Lady's-slipper

S2S3 G5T4T5 Div. 2Cypripedium parviflorum var.

makasin

Large Yellow

Lady's-slipper

S3 G5T5Cypripedium parviflorum var.

pubescens

Synonym(s): Cypripedium calceolus var. pubescens, Cypripedium pubescens

Showy Lady's-slipper S3 G4G5Cypripedium reginae

Laurentian Bladder Fern S1 G3 Div. 1Cystopteris laurentiana

Tansy Mustard S1 G5T5 Div. 2Descurainia pinnata var. brachycarpa

Large-bracted Tick-trefoil S1 G5 E Div. 2Desmodium cuspidatum

Panicled Tick-trefoil S3 G5Desmodium paniculatum

Perplexed Tick-trefoil S2 G5Desmodium perplexum

Prostrate Tick-trefoil S1 G5 TDesmodium rotundifolium

Diapensia S1 G4G5 E Div. 3bDiapensia lapponica ssp. lapponica

Cyperus engelmannii was recently split from C. odoratus, and it appears that both species are present in Vermont.17



Federal

Status

Global


State

Rank

FC

Status

State

Status

Columbian Rosette-grass S3 G5T5Dichanthelium columbianum

Synonym(s): Panicum columbianum, Dichanthelium acuminatum ssp. columbianum

Cypress Witchgrass S3 G5T5Dichanthelium dichotomum var.

dichotomum

Synonym(s): Panicum dichotomum var. dichotomum, Dichanthelium dichotomum ssp. dichotomum

Few-flowered Panic-grass S2 G5T5Dichanthelium oligosanthes ssp.

scribnerianum

Synonym(s): Dichanthelium oligosanthes var. scribnerianum

Spherical Panic-grass S1 G5Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon

Synonym(s): Panicum sphaerocarpon

Yellow Panic-grass S3 G5Dichanthelium xanthophysum

Synonym(s): Panicum xanthophysum

Northern Ground-cedar S1S2 G5Diphasiastrum complanatum

Synonym(s): Lycopodium complanatum

Ground-fir S2 G4Diphasiastrum sabinifolium

Synonym(s): Lycopodium sabinifolium, Diphasiastrum x sabinifolium

Rock Draba S2S3 G4 Div. 2aDraba arabisans

Hoary Draba S1 G5 T Div. 2Draba cana

Synonym(s): Draba lanceolata, Draba breweri var. cana

Smooth Draba S1 G5 T Div. 2Draba glabella

American Dragonhead SH G5 T Div. 4Dracocephalum parviflorum

Tall Cinquefoil S3 G5T5Drymocallis arguta

Synonym(s): Potentilla arguta

Male Fern S2 G5T4? T Div. 2Dryopteris filix-mas ssp. brittonii

Fragrant Fern S2 G5Dryopteris fragrans

American Waterwort SH G4 Div. 2Elatine americana

Synonym(s): Elatine triandra var. americana

Small Waterwort S1 G5Elatine minima

Tidal Spikerush S1 G3 Div. 1Eleocharis aestuum

Flat-stem Spikerush SH G4 Div. 4Eleocharis compressa var. compressa

Wright's Spikerush S2 G2 Div. 1Eleocharis diandra

Olive Spikerush S1 G5Eleocharis flavescens var. olivacea

Synonym(s): Eleocharis olivacea

Matted Spikerush S3 G5Eleocharis intermedia

Slender Spikerush SH G4 Div. 2Eleocharis nitida


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Ovate Spikerush S3 G5 Div. INDEleocharis ovata

Few-flowered Spikerush S2 G5 TEleocharis quinqueflora

Synonym(s): Eleocharis pauciflora

Robbins Spikerush S1 G4G5Eleocharis robbinsii

Nuttall Waterweed S3 G5Elodea nuttallii

MacGregor's Wild Rye SH GNR Div. 2Elymus macgregorii

Slender Wheatgrass S3 G5Elymus trachycaulus

Synonym(s): Agropyron trachycaulum

Southern Wild-rye SH G5TNR Div. INDElymus villosus var. arkansanus

Hairy Wild-rye S1 G5TNR Div. INDElymus villosus var. villosus

Wild-rye S3 G4G5Elymus wiegandii

Purple Crowberry SX G5T5Empetrum atropurpureum

Synonym(s): Empetrum eamesii ssp. atropurpureum

Black Crowberry S1 G5 Div. 3bEmpetrum nigrum

Marsh Willow-herb S1S2 G5Epilobium palustre

Marsh Horsetail S2S3 G5 TEquisetum palustre

Meadow Horsetail S3 G5Equisetum pratense

Lace Love-grass S2? G5Eragrostis capillaris

Frank's Love-grass S3 G5Eragrostis frankii

Creeping Love-grass S2S3 G5Eragrostis hypnoides

Hyssop-leaved Fleabane S2 G5 Div. 2Erigeron hyssopifolius

Provancher's Dwarf

Fleabane

S1 G5T3Q Div. 1Erigeron philadelphicus var.

provancheri

18

Tall Cotton-grass SNA G5T5Eriophorum angustifolium ssp.

angustifolium

19

Slender Cotton-grass S1 G5Eriophorum gracile

Rough Cotton-grass S1S2 G5Eriophorum tenellum

Musk Flower S3 G5 Div. 2Erythranthe moschata

Synonym(s): Mimulus moschatus

Sessile-leaved Boneset S1 G5 EEupatorium sessilifolium

Rib-seed Spurge S3? G5 Div. INDEuphorbia glyptosperma

Nodding Spurge S1? G5 Div. INDEuphorbia nutans

Synonym(s): Chamaesyce nutans

Based on a single historical specimen not certainly collected in Vermont.19



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State

Status

Rough-leaved Aster S2 G5Eurybia radula

Synonym(s): Aster radula

Hollow Joe-pye Weed SU G5?Eutrochium fistulosum

Synonym(s): Eupatorium fistulosum

Sweet Joe-pye Weed S2S3 G5T5?Eutrochium purpureum var.

purpureum

Synonym(s): Eupatorium purpureum var. purpureum

Shortleaf Fescue S1 G5T5 Div. 2Festuca brachyphylla ssp.

brachyphylla

Coastal Red Fescue SH G5TNRFestuca rubra ssp. pruinosa20

Montane Red Fescue SH G5TNRFestuca rubra ssp. vallicola20

Autumn Fimbristylis S1? G5 EFimbristylis autumnalis

False Mermaid-weed SH G5 Div. 2Floerkea proserpinacoides

Northern Bedstraw S3 G5TNRGalium boreale ssp. septentrionale

Limestone Swamp

Bedstraw

SH G4? Div. 4Galium brevipes

Boreal Bedstraw S3 G5Galium kamtschaticum

Bog Bedstraw S1 G5 T Div. 3bGalium labradoricum

Large Marsh Bedstraw S2S3 G5T4Galium obtusum ssp. obtusum

Hairy Bedstraw S1 G5T5?Galium pilosum var. pilosum

Small Bedstraw S3 G5T5Galium trifidum ssp. trifidum

Fringe-top Closed

Gentian

S2 G5? T Div. 2Gentiana andrewsii

Felwort SH G5T5 T Div. 2Gentianella amarella ssp. acuta

Stiff Gentian S1 G5 TGentianella quinquefolia

Fringed Gentian S3 G5Gentianopsis crinita

Northern Toadflax SX G5Geocaulon lividum

Bicknell Northern

Crane's-bill

S3 G5Geranium bicknellii

Carolina Crane's-bill SH G5Geranium carolinianum

Spring Avens S1 G5 Div. 4Geum vernum

Sharp Manna-grass S1 G5 EGlyceria acutiflora

Eastern Manna-grass S2 G5Glyceria septentrionalis

Other subspecies are considered introduced in Vermont.20


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Giant

Rattlesnake-plantain

SH G5 Div. 2Goodyera oblongifolia

Purple False Oats SH G4Graphephorum melicoides

Synonym(s): Trisetum melicoides

Northern Oak Fern SNA G5T4 Div. 4Gymnocarpium jessoense ssp.

parvulum

21

Nodding Stickseed S2 G5T5 T Div. 2Hackelia deflexa ssp. americana

Spurred Gentian S1 G5T5Halenia deflexa ssp. deflexa

Alpine Sweet-broom S1 G5T5?Hedysarum alpinum var. americanum

Sneezeweed S1 G5Helenium autumnale

Harsh Sunflower S2S3 G5 THelianthus strumosus

Ox-eye SH G5T5Heliopsis helianthoides var.

helianthoides

22

Umbellate Hawkweed SU G5 Div. 2Hieracium umbellatum

Rattlesnake Hawkweed S3 G5Hieracium venosum

Mare's-tail S1 G5 EHippuris vulgaris

Glade Fern S3 G5Homalosorus pycnocarpos

Synonym(s): Diplazium pycnocarpon

Longleaf Bluet S2 G5Houstonia longifolia

Golden-heather SH G4Hudsonia ericoides

Beach Heather S1 G5 E Div. 3bHudsonia tomentosa

Synonym(s): Hudsonia ericoides ssp. tomentosa

Mountain Fir Clubmoss S2 G5 Div. INDHuperzia appressa

Synonym(s): Huperzia appalachiana

Fir Clubmoss S1 G5 Div. 2Huperzia selago

Green Violet S1 G5 Div. 2Hybanthus concolor

Golden-seal S1 G3G4 E Div. 2Hydrastis canadensis

Broad-leaved Waterleaf S1 G5 T Div. 2Hydrophyllum canadense

Great St. John's-wort S2 G4 THypericum ascyron

Orange-grass St.

John's-wort

S2 G5Hypericum gentianoides

Red Pine-sap SU GNR Div. INDHypopitys lanuginosa

Star Grass SH G5Hypoxis hirsuta


Rare native variety of an otherwise introduced (to Vermont) species.22


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Smooth Holly S1 G5Ilex laevigata

Engelmann's Quillwort S1 G4 TIsoetes engelmannii

Lake Quillwort S1 G5Isoetes lacustris

Synonym(s): Isoetes macrospora

River-bank Quillwort S2 GNRIsoetes septentrionalis23

Tuckerman's Quillwort S1 G4G5Isoetes tuckermanii

Green Mountain

Quillwort

S1 G1 EIsoetes viridimontana

Small Whorled Pogonia SX G2? LTE Div. 1Isotria medeoloides

Large Whorled Pogonia S2 G5 TIsotria verticillata

Tapering Rush S1 G5Juncus acuminatus

Alpine Rush S2 G5Juncus alpinoarticulatus

Synonym(s): Juncus alpinus

Greater Poverty Rush S1? G5TNRJuncus anthelatus

Broad-head Rush S3 G5Juncus brachycephalus

Greene's Rush S2 G5 EJuncus greenei

Grass Rush S3 G5Juncus marginatus

Soldier Rush S1 G4 EJuncus militaris

Secund Rush S1 G5? EJuncus secundus

Woodland Rush S1 G5Juncus subcaudatus

Torrey's Rush S2 G5 Div. 2Juncus torreyi

Highland Rush S1S2 G5 Div. 3bJuncus trifidus

Synonym(s): Oreojuncus trifidus

Vasey Rush S1 G5 Div. 2Juncus vaseyi

Creeping Juniper S1 G5 T Div. 3bJuniperus horizontalis

Common Water-willow SX G5 Div. 4Justicia americana

Mountain Laurel S3 G5Kalmia latifolia

Hairy Lettuce S1S2 G5? T Div. INDLactuca hirsuta

Beach Pea S2 G5T5 TLathyrus japonicus var. maritimus

Synonym(s): Lathyrus maritimus

Pale Vetchling S1S2 G5 Div. 2Lathyrus ochroleucus

Marsh Vetchling S2 G5 TLathyrus palustris

Beach Pinweed S1 G5T5?Lechea maritima var. maritima

23 Includes all of what Vermont formerly called Isoetes riparia (var. canadensis).


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Lesser Pinweed SH G5 Div. INDLechea minor

Hairy Pinweed S1 G5 ELechea mucronata

Minute Duckweed SH G5 Div. INDLemna perpusilla

Turion Duckweed SH G5 Div. INDLemna turionifera

Round-head Bush-clover S3 G5Lespedeza capitata

Violet Bush-clover S1 G5 TLespedeza frutescens24

Hairy Bush-clover S1 G5T5? TLespedeza hirta ssp. hirta

Trailing Bush-clover S1 G5Lespedeza procumbens

Tall Bush-clover SH G4?Lespedeza stuevei

Violet Bush-clover S2S3 G5Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers.24

Large White-flowered

Ground-cherry

SH G4? Div. 4Leucophysalis grandiflora

Synonym(s): Physalis grandiflora

Wood Lily S3 G5Lilium philadelphicum

Stiff Yellow Flax S1 G5 Div. 2Linum medium

Ridged Yellow Flax SU G5Linum striatum

Grooved Yellowflax SH G5T5 Div. 2Linum sulcatum var. sulcatum

Lily-leaved Twayblade S1 G5 T Div. 2Liparis liliifolia

Loesel's Twayblade S3 G5Liparis loeselii

Tulip Tree S1 G5 ELiriodendron tulipifera

American Shore-grass S2 G5Littorella americana

Great Blue Lobelia S1 G5T5 Div. 3bLobelia siphilitica var. siphilitica

Hairy Spike Lobelia SH G5T4T5 Div. INDLobelia spicata var. hirtella25

Hairy Honeysuckle S2 G5 Div. 2Lonicera hirsuta

Swamp Fly-honeysuckle S2 G4G5Lonicera oblongifolia

Mountain

Fly-honeysuckle

S3 G5Lonicera villosa

Many-fruited

False-loosestrife

S1 G4 E Div. 2Ludwigia polycarpa

Wild Lupine S1 G5T4? E Div. 3aLupinus perennis ssp. perennis

Small-flowered Rush S2S3 G5Luzula parviflora

Spiked Wood-rush S1 G5 Div. 2Luzula spicata


Lespedeza frutescens, the currently accepted name, is synonymous with Lespedeza violacea of authors other than (L.) Pers.

Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers. was formerly known as L.intermedia (S. Watts) Britton.

24


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Status

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Status

Slender Bog-clubmoss SH G5Lycopodiella appressa

Synonym(s): Lycopodium appressum

Virginia Bugleweed S2 G5Lycopus virginicus

Climbing Fern S1 G4 E Div. 3(b)Lygodium palmatum

Lance-leaved Loosestrife S1 G5Lysimachia hybrida

Synonym(s): Lysimachia lanceolata ssp. hybrida

Winged-loosestrife S1 G5T5 Div. 2Lythrum alatum ssp. alatum

Bayard's Adder's-mouth SNA G1G2 Div. 1Malaxis bayardii26

White Adder's-mouth S2S3 G4G5Q T Div. 2aMalaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda

Synonym(s): Malaxis monophyllos ssp. brachypoda, Malaxis brachypoda

Green Adder's-mouth S2 G5Malaxis unifolia

Mountain Sandwort S1 G5 Div. 3bMinuartia groenlandica

Synonym(s): Arenaria groenlandica, Mononeuria groenlandica

Marcescent Sandwort S1 G3 T Div. 1Minuartia marcescens

Synonym(s): Arenaria marcescens, Cherleria marcescens

Marble Sandwort S1 G5 T Div. 2Minuartia rubella

Synonym(s): Arenaria rubella, Sabulina rubella

Large-leaved Sandwort S2 G5 Div. 2Moehringia macrophylla

Dotted Horsemint S1 G5 Div. 2Monarda punctata

Red Mulberry S1 G5 T Div. 2Morus rubra

Schreber's Muhly S2 G5Muhlenbergia schreberi

Sprout Muhly S2 G5Muhlenbergia sobolifera

Woodland Muhly S1 G5Muhlenbergia sylvatica

Slender Muhly S3 G5Muhlenbergia tenuiflora

Fall Dropseed Muhly S3 G5Muhlenbergia uniflora

Smaller Forget-me-not S2 G5Myosotis laxa

Spring Forget-me-not S1S2 G5Myosotis verna

Water Milfoil S2S3 G5Myriophyllum alterniflorum

Farwell's Water-milfoil S2S3 G5Myriophyllum farwellii

Low Water-milfoil S1S2 G5Myriophyllum humile

Whorled Water-milfoil S2S3 G5Myriophyllum verticillatum

Boott's Rattlesnake-root S1 G2 E Div. 1Nabalus boottii

Synonym(s): Prenanthes boottii

Based on one historical specimen with questionable ID.26


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Glaucous

Rattlesnake-root

SU G5Nabalus racemosus

Three-leaved

Rattlesnake-root

S3 GNRNabalus trifoliolatus

Synonym(s): Prenanthes trifoliolata

Slender Naiad S2 G5?Najas gracillima

Guadalupe Naiad S2 G5T5Najas guadalupensis ssp.

guadalupensis

Auricled Twayblade S1 G3G4 E Div. 1Neottia auriculata

Synonym(s): Listera auriculata

Southern Twayblade S1 G4 E Div. 2Neottia bifolia

Synonym(s): Listera australis

Broadleaf Twayblade S3? G5Neottia convallarioides

Synonym(s): Listera convallarioides

Heartleaf Twayblade S3 G5Neottia cordata

Synonym(s): Listera cordata

Dwarf Water-lily S1 G5 E Div. 2Nymphaea leibergii

Black Gum or Tupelo S3 G5Nyssa sylvatica

Bog Aster S2 G5Oclemena nemoralis

Synonym(s): Aster nemoralis

Nodding

Evening-primrose

SH G4 Div. 4Oenothera nutans

Hairy Evening-primrose SU G5T5?Oenothera villosa ssp. villosa

Woodland Cudweed S2? G4 EOmalotheca sylvatica

Synonym(s): Gnaphalium sylvaticum

Northern Adder's-tongue S1 G5 Div. 3aOphioglossum pusillum

Mountain Sweet-cicely SH G5Osmorhiza berteroi

Synonym(s): Osmorhiza chilensis

Blunt-fruited

Sweet-cicely

SH G5 Div. 4Osmorhiza depauperata

Violet Wood-sorrel SNA G5 Div. 2Oxalis violacea27

American Ginseng S3 G3G4 Div. 1Panax quinquefolius

Stiff Witch-grass S1 G5 E Div. 2Panicum flexile

Based on historical specimen and reports that were never fully verified.27

Rare and Uncommon Plants of Vermont, Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, 09 August 2018 Page 18 of 32

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Philadelphia Panic-grass S1 G5?Panicum philadelphicum ssp.

philadelphicum

Synonym(s): Panicum philadelphicum var. philadelphicum

Tuckerman's Panic-grass S3 G3G5Panicum tuckermanii

Synonym(s): Panicum philadelphicum var. tuckermanii

Switch Grass S3 G5Panicum virgatum

Massachusetts Fern S2 G4G5Parathelypteris simulata

Synonym(s): Thelypteris simulata

Smooth Forked

Chickweed

S1 G5 Div. 3bParonychia canadensis

Hairy Forked Chickweed SU G5T5 Div. 2Paronychia fastigiata var. fastigiata

Slender Paspalum S2S3 G5TNRPaspalum setaceum var. muhlenbergii

Synonym(s): Paspalum ciliatifolium

Purple-stem Cliff-brake S3 G5Pellaea atropurpurea

Smooth Cliff-brake S3 G5T5Pellaea glabella ssp. glabella

Arrowleaf S2S3 G5Peltandra virginica

Hairy Beardtongue S3 G4Penstemon hirsutus

Pale Beardtongue S1 G5Penstemon pallidus

Carey's Smartweed S1 G4Persicaria careyi

Synonym(s): Polygonum careyi

Mild Water-pepper S3 G5Persicaria hydropiperoides

Synonym(s): Polygonum hydropiperoides

Sweet Coltsfoot S2 G5T5 TPetasites frigidus var. palmatus

Broad Beech-fern S2S3 G5Phegopteris hexagonoptera

Synonym(s): Thelypteris hexagonoptera

American Reed S1S2 G5T5 Div. INDPhragmites americanus

Synonym(s): Phragmites australis ssp. americanus

Strawberry-tomato S1? G5?Physalis grisea

Smooth Ground-cherry SH G5T4T5Physalis longifolia var. subglabrata

Obedient Plant S2 G5T5 TPhysostegia virginiana ssp. virginiana28

Black-seeded Clearweed S1? G5 Div. INDPilea fontana

Butterwort S1 G5 Div. 2Pinguicula vulgaris

Jack Pine SH G5 TPinus banksiana

Only Lake Champlain populations are believed to be native. Other populations not tracked in Natural Heritage Database.28


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Slender Mountain-rice S2 G5 TPiptatheropsis pungens

Synonym(s): Piptatherum pungens, Oryzopsis pungens

White-fringed Orchid S2 G4G5T4T5Platanthera blephariglottis var.

blephariglottis

Tubercled Orchid S2 G4?T4Q TPlatanthera flava var. herbiola

Hooker's Orchid S2 G4 TPlatanthera hookeri

Huron Orchid S3 G5T5? Div. INDPlatanthera huronensis

Synonym(s): Platanthera hyperborea var. huronensis

Large Roundleaf Orchid S1 G5T4Platanthera macrophylla

Roundleaf Orchid S2 G5TNRPlatanthera orbiculata

Glaucous Bluegrass SH G5T5 Div. 2Poa glauca ssp. glauca

Inland Bluegrass S1 G5T5 Div. 2Poa interior

Wavy Bluegrass S1 G5?T3 Div. 1Poa laxa ssp. fernaldiana

Synonym(s): Poa fernaldiana

Agassiz Kentucky

Bluegrass

SH G5TNR Div. 2Poa pratensis ssp. agassizensis29

Lax Bluegrass S1S2 G5T3T4Q Div. 2Poa saltuensis ssp. languida

Synonym(s): Poa languida

Drooping Bluegrass S3 G5Poa saltuensis ssp. saltuensis

Synonym(s): Poa saltuensis

May-apple S1 G5 Div. 2Podophyllum peltatum

Riverweed S1 G5Podostemum ceratophyllum

Rose Pogonia S3 G5Pogonia ophioglossoides

Eastern Jacob's Ladder S2 G3G4 T Div. 1Polemonium vanbruntiae

Racemed Milkwort S2 G5Polygala polygama

Field Milkwort S3 G5Polygala sanguinea

Seneca Snakeroot S2S3 G4G5Polygala senega

Ambiguous Milkwort S1S2 G5T5? Div. 2Polygala verticillata var. ambigua

Synonym(s): Polygala ambigua

Whorled Milkwort S1S2 G5T5?Polygala verticillata var. verticillata

Synonym(s): Polygala verticillata

Common Solomon's-seal S1 G5Polygonatum biflorum

Douglas' Knotweed S2 G5 EPolygonum douglasii

Erect Knotweed SH G5 Div. INDPolygonum erectum

Rare, possibly native subspecies of an otherwise common exotic species.29


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Status

Slender Knotweed SU G5Polygonum tenue

White-flowered Leafcup S1 G5 E Div. 2Polymnia canadensis

Snail-seed Pondweed S2 G4Potamogeton bicupulatus

Tuckerman's Pondweed S2 G4Potamogeton confervoides

Fries' Pondweed S3 G5Potamogeton friesii

Hill's Pondweed S3 G3 Div. 1Potamogeton hillii

Blunt-leaf Pondweed S3 G5Potamogeton obtusifolius

Straight-leaf Pondweed S2S3 G5Potamogeton strictifolius

Vasey's Pondweed S2 G4Potamogeton vaseyi

Ogden's Pondweed S1 G1G2 Div. 1Potamogeton x ogdenii

Synonym(s): Potamogeton ogdenii

Northern Cinquefoil SX G5T5 EPotentilla litoralis

Synonym(s): Potentilla pensylvanica var. pectinata

Bird's-eye Primrose S1 G5 T Div. 3bPrimula mistassinica

Marsh Mermaid-weed S2S3 G5Proserpinaca palustris

Wild Plum S1? G5 TPrunus americana

Low Sand Cherry S2 G5T5Prunus pumila var. depressa

Susquehanna Sand

Cherry

S1 G5T4T5 EPrunus susquehanae

Synonym(s): Prunus pumila var. cuneata, Prunus pumila var. susquehanae, Prunus cuneata

Winged Cudweed S3 G5Pseudognaphalium macounii

Synonym(s): Gnaphalium macounii

Pinedrops S1 G5 E Div. 2Pterospora andromedea

Hoary Mountain-mint S1 G5T5 EPycnanthemum incanum var. incanum

Blunt Mountain-mint S1 G5Pycnanthemum muticum

Whorled Mountain-mint S2S3 G5T5Pycnanthemum verticillatum var.

verticillatum

Bog Wintergreen S2 G5T5 TPyrola asarifolia ssp. asarifolia

Green-flower Shinleaf SU G5Pyrola chlorantha

Synonym(s): Pyrola virens

Lesser Pyrola S1 G5 E Div. 3bPyrola minor

Scarlet Oak S1 G5Quercus coccinea

Scrub Oak S1 G5 EQuercus ilicifolia


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Status

Yellow Oak S3 G5Quercus muehlenbergii

Dwarf Chinquapin Oak S1 G5 EQuercus prinoides

Allegheny Crowfoot S2 G4G5 TRanunculus allegheniensis

White Water-crowfoot S3 G5T5Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus

Early Buttercup SH G5Ranunculus fascicularis

Yellow Water-crowfoot S3 G5Ranunculus flabellaris

Bristly Buttercup S1 G5T5 Div. INDRanunculus hispidus

Synonym(s): Ranunculus hispidus var. hispidus

Bristly Crowfoot S3 G5Ranunculus pensylvanicus

Cursed Crowfoot S3 G5T5Ranunculus sceleratus var. sceleratus

Virginia Meadow-beauty S1 G5 TRhexia virginica

Roseroot S1 G5 T Div. 3bRhodiola rosea

Synonym(s): Sedum rosea

Lapland Rosebay S1? G5 Div. 2Rhododendron lapponicum

Great Laurel S2 G5 T Div. 3bRhododendron maximum

Pinxter-flower S1? G5Rhododendron periclymenoides

Synonym(s): Rhododendron nudiflorum

Fragrant Sumac S3 G5T5Rhus aromatica var. aromatica

Capillary Beak-rush S1 G4 T Div. 2Rhynchospora capillacea

Lake-cress S1 G4? T Div. 2Rorippa aquatica

Synonym(s): Armoracia lacustris, Armoracia aquatica, Neobeckia aquatica

Needle-spine Rose S1 G5T5 E Div. 2Rosa acicularis ssp. sayi

Shining Rose S2 G5Rosa nitida

Black-eyed Susan SH G5T4T5 Div. INDRudbeckia hirta var. hirta30

Western Dock SH G5T5 Div. 4Rumex occidentalis

Seabeach Dock SH G4Rumex pallidus

Small Pearlwort SH G5 Div. INDSagina decumbens

Appalachian Arrowhead S1? G5Sagittaria australis

Engelmann's Arrowhead SH G5?Sagittaria engelmanniana

Sessile-fruited Arrowhead S3 G5Sagittaria rigida

Peach-leaf Willow S1 G5 Div. 4Salix amygdaloides

Hoary Willow S3 G5Salix candida

Regionally rare, possibly native, variety of an otherwise exotic species.30


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State

Status

Bog Willow S2 G5Salix pedicellaris

Satiny Willow S1 G5Salix pellita

Tea-leaved Willow S1 G5T5 T Div. 2Salix planifolia ssp. planifolia

Autumn Willow S1 G5Salix serissima

Bearberry Willow S1 G5 E Div. 2Salix uva-ursi

Water Pimpernel S1 G5T5Samolus valerandi ssp. parviflorus

Synonym(s): Samolus parviflorus

Canada Burnet S2 G5Sanguisorba canadensis

Short-styled Snakeroot S2S3 G5T5 TSanicula canadensis var. canadensis

Long-styled Snakeroot SH G5T3T5 T Div. 4Sanicula canadensis var. grandis

Long-fruited Snakeroot S3 G4Sanicula trifoliata

Sassafras S3 G5Sassafras albidum

Yellow Mountain

Saxifrage

S1 G5 Div. 2Saxifraga aizoides

Purple Mountain

Saxifrage

S1 G5T5 Div. 2Saxifraga oppositifolia ssp.

oppositifolia

White Mountain

Saxifrage

S1 G5 Div. 2Saxifraga paniculata

Synonym(s): Saxifraga aizoon var. neogaea

Pod-grass S2 G5 TScheuchzeria palustris

Pursh's Bulrush S3 G4G5T4T5Schoenoplectiella purshiana var.

purshiana

Synonym(s): Schoenoplectus purshianus var. purshianus, Scirpus purshianus var. purshianus

Smith's Bulrush S1 G5?TNRSchoenoplectiella smithii var. setosa

Synonym(s): Schoenoplectus smithii var. setosus, Scirpus smithii var. setosus

Smith's Bulrush S2 G5?TNRSchoenoplectiella smithii var. smithii

Synonym(s): Schoenoplectus smithii var. smithii, Scirpus smithii var smithii

Slender Bulrush S1S2 G5 Div. 2Schoenoplectus heterochaetus

Synonym(s): Scirpus heterochaetus

Water Bulrush S3 G5Schoenoplectus subterminalis

Synonym(s): Scirpus subterminalis

Torrey's Bulrush S1S2 G5?Schoenoplectus torreyi

Synonym(s): Scirpus torreyi

Barbed-bristle Bulrush S2S3 G3 LEE Div. 1Scirpus ancistrochaetus

Georgia Bulrush S1? G5 Div. INDScirpus georgianus


Federal

Status

Global


State

Rank

FC

Status

State

Status

Many-leaved Sedge S3 G5Scirpus polyphyllus

Whip Nutsedge SNA G5 Div. 2Scleria triglomerata31

Hare Figwort S3 G5Scrophularia lanceolata

Carpenter's-square SU G5Scrophularia marilandica

Shale Barren Skullcap S1 G4T4 Div. INDScutellaria parvula var. missouriensis

Small Skullcap S2 G4T4 Div. 2Scutellaria parvula var. parvula

Meadow Spikemoss S3 G5Selaginella apoda

Rock Spikemoss S3 G5Selaginella rupestris

Wild Senna S1 G5 T Div. 2Senna hebecarpa

Synonym(s): Cassia hebecarpa

White-topped Aster SH G5Sericocarpus asteroides

Synonym(s): Aster paternus

Canada Buffaloberry S3 G5Shepherdia canadensis

Starry Catchfly SH G5 Div. 2Silene stellata

Narrow Blue-eyed-grass S2S3 G5Sisyrinchium angustifolium

Eastern Blue-eyed-grass S1 G5Sisyrinchium atlanticum

Slender Blue-eyed-grass SH G5Sisyrinchium mucronatum

Brenda's Goldenrod SH GNRSolidago brendiae

Cutler's Goldenrod S1 G4 Div. 2Solidago leiocarpa

Synonym(s): Solidago cutleri

Sweet Goldenrod SH G5T5 TSolidago odora ssp. odora

Roughleaf Goldenrod S3 G5Solidago patula

Snowy Aster S2 G5 Div. 2Solidago ptarmicoides

Synonym(s): Aster ptarmicoides, Oligoneuron album

River-ledge Goldenrod S1 G5T3? Div. INDSolidago racemosa

Synonym(s): Solidago simplex var. racemosa, Solidago simplex ssp. randii var. racemosa

Rand's Mountain

Goldenrod

S2S3 G5T4Solidago randii

Synonym(s): Solidago simplex var. monticola, Solidago simplex ssp. randii var. monticola

Showy Goldenrod SH G5T5?Solidago speciosa var. speciosa

Squarrose Goldenrod S2S3 G4?Solidago squarrosa

Elm-leaved Goldenrod S1 G5 ESolidago ulmifolia

Northern Mountain-ash S3 G5Sorbus decora



Federal

Status

Global


State

Rank

FC

Status

State

Status

Indian Grass S3 G5Sorghastrum nutans

Branching Bur-reed S1 G4G5 Div. INDSparganium androcladum

Water Bur-reed S3 G5Sparganium fluctuans

Lesser Bur-reed S2S3 G5 TSparganium natans

Synonym(s): Sparganium minimum

Shiny Wedgegrass S1 G5 E Div. 2aSphenopholis nitida

Blunt Sphenopholis SH G5 E Div. 2Sphenopholis obtusata

Stiff Clubmoss S1 G5T4T5Spinulum canadense

Synonym(s): Lycopodium annotinum var. pungens

Case's Ladies'-tresses S2? G4T4 Div. 2Spiranthes casei var. casei

Southern Slender

Ladies'-tresses

SH G5T4T5Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis

Northern Slender

Ladies'-tresses

S3 G5T5Spiranthes lacera var. lacera

Shining Ladies'-tresses S3 G4Spiranthes lucida

Yellow Nodding

Ladies'-tresses

S3 G4Spiranthes ochroleuca

Hooded Ladies'-tresses S3 G5Spiranthes romanzoffiana

Rough Dropseed S2 G5T5 ESporobolus compositus var.

compositus

Synonym(s): Sporobolus asper

Small Dropseed S1? G5 Div. 2Sporobolus neglectus

Rough Hedge-nettle SU G5T4Q Div. INDStachys hispida

Synonym(s): Stachys tenuifolia var. hispida

Marsh Woundwort S2? G5T5Stachys pilosa var. pilosa

Trailing Stitchwort S2 G5Stellaria alsine

Slender Pondweed S1 G5 Div. 2Stuckenia filiformis

Synonym(s): Potamogeton filiformis

Hybrid Thread-leaved

Pondweed

S1 GNAStuckenia x fennica32

Water Awlwort SH G5T5Subularia aquatica var. americana

Synonym(s): Subularia aquatica ssp. americana

Wild Snowberry S3 G5T5Symphoricarpos albus var. albus33

Boreal Aster SH G5Symphyotrichum boreale

Synonym(s): Aster borealis

Hybrid of Stuckenia filiformis and S. vaginata. One parent, S. vaginata, has never been documented in Vermont. Stuckenia

filiformis ssp. occidentalis and Stuckenia x suecica previously misapplied to Vermont plants.

32


33 Uncommon, native variety of an otherwise introduced (to Vermont) species.

Federal

Status

Global


State

Rank

FC

Status

State

Status

Ciliolate Aster S1 G5Symphyotrichum ciliolatum

Synonym(s): Aster ciliolatus

Smooth Blue Aster S2S3 G5T5Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve

Synonym(s): Aster laevis var. laevis

Inland Lance-leaf Aster SU G5T5 Div. INDSymphyotrichum lanceolatum var.

interior

34

Sy

Synonym(s): Aster lanceolatus var. interior, Symphyotrichum lanceolatum ssp. lanceolatum var. interior

Ontario Aster S1S2 G5 Div. 2Symphyotrichum ontarionis

Synonym(s): Aster ontarionis

Crooked-stem Aster S2? G4G5 Div. 2Symphyotrichum prenanthoides

Synonym(s): Aster prenanthoides

Small White Aster S2 G4G5Symphyotrichum racemosum

Synonym(s): Aster racemosus, Aster vimineus

Tradescant Aster S2 G4QSymphyotrichum tradescantii

Synonym(s): Aster tradescantii, Aster vimineus var. saxatilis

White-arrow Aster S1 G4G5 Div. 2Symphyotrichum urophyllum

Synonym(s): Aster urophyllus, Aster sagittifolius

Yellow Pimpernel S2 G5 T Div. 2Taenidia integerrima

Waxy Meadow-rue SNA G5Thalictrum revolutum35

Rue-anemone S1 G5Thalictrum thalictroides

Synonym(s): Anemonella thalictroides

Border Meadow-rue S2S3 G5 Div. 2Thalictrum venulosum

Hairy Climbing

Poison-ivy

SH G5T5 Div. 4Toxicodendron radicans ssp. negundo36

Sticky False-asphodel S1 G5 TTriantha glutinosa

Synonym(s): Tofieldia glutinosa

Deer-hair Sedge S1 G5Trichophorum cespitosum

Synonym(s): Scirpus cespitosus

Bashful Bulrush S1 G4G5 ETrichophorum planifolium

Synonym(s): Scirpus verecundus

False Pennyroyal S1 G5 Div. 2Trichostema brachiatum

Synonym(s): Isanthus brachiatus

Common Arrow-grass S1 G5 E Div. 3bTriglochin maritima

Nodding Trillium S3 G5Trillium cernuum

Venus's-looking-glass S2S3 G5Triodanis perfoliata

Synonym(s): Specularia perfoliata

Regionally rare variety of an otherwise common, native species.

35

36

Based on one historical specimen with questionable identification. Uncertain if present.

34


Regionally rare variety of an otherwise common, native species.

Federal

Status

Global


State

Rank

FC

Status

State

Status

Coffee Tinker's-weed S3 G5T5Triosteum aurantiacum var.

aurantiacum

Three-bird Orchid S1 G3G4T3T4 TTriphora trianthophora ssp.

trianthophora

Synonym(s): Triphora trianthophora var. trianthophora, Triphora trianthophoros var. trianthophoros

Hairy-glumed False Oats S1? G5T3?QTrisetum spicatum var. pilosiglume

Narrow False Oats S3 G5TNRTrisetum spicatum var. spicatum

Cork Elm S1 G5 T Div. 2Ulmus thomasii

Hidden-fruited

Bladderwort

S3 G4G5Utricularia geminiscapa

Humped Bladderwort S3 G5Utricularia gibba

Lesser Bladderwort S3 G5Utricularia minor

Purple Bladderwort S3 G5Utricularia purpurea

Inflated Bladderwort S2S3 G4Utricularia radiata

Synonym(s): Utricularia inflata var. minor

Northeastern Bladderwort S1 G4 TUtricularia resupinata

Perfoliate Bellwort S2 G5Uvularia perfoliata

Boreal Blueberry S1 G4Vaccinium boreale

Dwarf Bilberry S2 G5Vaccinium caespitosum

Synonym(s): Vaccinium cespitosum

Deerberry S1 G5 EVaccinium stamineum

Alpine Bilberry S2 G5 Div. 3bVaccinium uliginosum

Mountain Cranberry S2 G5Vaccinium vitis-idaea

Mountain Hairgrass SH G5Vahlodea atropurpurea

Synonym(s): Deschampsia atropurpurea

Marsh Valerian S1 G4 E Div. 2Valeriana uliginosa

Narrow-leaved Vervain SH G5 Div. 2Verbena simplex

Water-speedwell S1 G5 Div. 2Veronica catenata

Northern Thyme-leaf

Speedwell

SH G5T5?Veronica serpyllifolia var. humifusa

Synonym(s): Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. humifusa

Culver's-root S1 G4 E Div. INDVeronicastrum virginicum

Squashberry S1 G5 TViburnum edule


Federal

Status

Global


State

Rank

FC

Status

State

Status

Downy Arrowwood S3 G5T4T5Viburnum rafinesquianum var.

rafinesquianum

Lance-leaved Violet S1 G5T5 TViola lanceolata ssp. lanceolata

Northern Bog Violet SH G5Viola nephrophylla

Early Blue Violet S2 G5T5?Viola palmata L.37

Lobed Violet S1 G3G5 Div. INDViola subsinuata37

Eight-flowered Fescue S1 G5TNR EVulpia octoflora var. tenella

Synonym(s): Festuca octoflora var. tenella

Brazilian Water-meal SU G5Wolffia brasiliensis

Alpine Woodsia S1 G4G5 E Div. 2Woodsia alpina

Smooth Woodsia S2 G5 Div. 2aWoodsia glabella

Blunt-leaved Woodsia S3 G5T5Woodsia obtusa ssp. obtusa

Virginia Chain-fern S1 G5 TWoodwardia virginica

Synonym(s): Anchistea virginica

Bog Yellow-eyed-grass SH G5T5Xyris difformis var. difformis

Northern

Yellow-eyed-grass

S1 G5 TXyris montana

Horned Pondweed S1S2 G5Zannichellia palustris

Viola triloba is now part of V. palmata (L.) Viola subsinuata is the currently accepted name for V. palmata of authors other

than L.

37


SYNONYMY INDEX

CURRENT NAMESYNONYM SYNONYM CURRENT NAME

Agropyron trachycaulum Elymus trachycaulus

Agrostis borealis Agrostis mertensii

Allium burdickii Allium tricoccum var. burdickii

Alnus viridis ssp. crispa Alnus alnobetula ssp. crispa

Anchistea virginica Woodwardia virginica

Andersonglossum boreale Cynoglossum virginianum var. boreale

Anemonella thalictroides Thalictrum thalictroides

Anticlea elegans ssp. glauca Anticlea glauca

Anticlea elegans ssp. glaucus Anticlea glauca

Arabis drummondii Boechera stricta

Arabis lyrata Arabidopsis lyrata

Arabis missouriensis Borodinia missouriensis

Arenaria groenlandica Minuartia groenlandica

Arenaria marcescens Minuartia marcescens

Arenaria rubella Minuartia rubella

Armoracia aquatica Rorippa aquatica

Armoracia lacustris Rorippa aquatica

Arnica mollis var. petiolaris Arnica lanceolata ssp. lanceolata

Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum Asplenium viride

Aster borealis Symphyotrichum boreale

Aster ciliolatus Symphyotrichum ciliolatum

Aster laevis var. laevis Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve

Aster lanceolatus var. interior Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var.

interior

Aster nemoralis Oclemena nemoralis

Aster ontarionis Symphyotrichum ontarionis

Aster paternus Sericocarpus asteroides

Aster prenanthoides Symphyotrichum prenanthoides

Aster ptarmicoides Solidago ptarmicoides

Aster racemosus Symphyotrichum racemosum

Aster radula Eurybia radula

Aster sagittifolius Symphyotrichum urophyllum

Aster tradescantii Symphyotrichum tradescantii

Aster urophyllus Symphyotrichum urophyllum

Aster vimineus Symphyotrichum racemosum

Benthamidia florida Cornus florida

Boechera brachycarpa Boechera grahamii

Boechera missouriensis Borodinia missouriensis

Botrychium simplex var. tenebrosum Botrychium tenebrosum

Callitriche heterophylla ssp.

heterophylla

Callitriche heterophylla var.

heterophylla

Calypso bulbosa ssp. americana Calypso bulbosa var. americana

Calystegia sepium var. fraterniflora Calystegia silvatica ssp. fraterniflora

Cardamine pratensis var. palustris Cardamine dentata

Cardamine rhomboidea Cardamine bulbosa

Carex abdita Carex umbellata

Carex atlantica ssp. capillacea Carex atlantica var. capillacea

Carex emmonsii Carex albicans var. emmonsii

Carex tenera var. echinodes Carex echinodes

Cassia hebecarpa Senna hebecarpa

Cassia nictitans Chamaecrista nictitans var. nictitans

Ceanothus ovatus Ceanothus herbaceus

Cerastium nutans var. nutans Cerastium nutans ssp. nutans

Chamaesyce nutans Euphorbia nutans

Chenopodium capitatum var. capitatum Blitum capitatum ssp. capitatum

Cherleria marcescens Minuartia marcescens

Clematis occidentalis var. occidentalis Clematis occidentalis ssp. occidentalis

Clematis verticillaris Clematis occidentalis ssp. occidentalis

Crataegus asperifolia Crataegus scabrida var. asperifolia

Crataegus chrysocarpa var. blanchardii Crataegus irrasa var. blanchardii

Crataegus chrysocarpa var. faxonii Crataegus faxonii

Crataegus cyclophylla Crataegus scabrida var. cyclophylla

Crataegus egglestonii Crataegus scabrida var. egglestonii

Crataegus pisifera Crataegus succulenta var. pisifera

Cynoglossum boreale Cynoglossum virginianum var. boreale

Cynoglossum virginianum ssp. boreale Cynoglossum virginianum var. boreale

Cyperus aristatus Cyperus squarrosus

Cypripedium calceolus var. pubescens Cypripedium parviflorum var.

pubescens

Cypripedium pubescens Cypripedium parviflorum var.

pubescens

Dactylorhiza viridis Coeloglossum viride

Deschampsia atropurpurea Vahlodea atropurpurea

Dichanthelium acuminatum ssp.

columbianum

Dichanthelium columbianum

Dichanthelium dichotomum ssp.

dichotomum

Dichanthelium dichotomum var.

dichotomum

Dichanthelium oligosanthes var.

scribnerianum

Dichanthelium oligosanthes ssp.

scribnerianum

Diphasiastrum x sabinifolium Diphasiastrum sabinifolium

Diplazium pycnocarpon Homalosorus pycnocarpos

Draba breweri var. cana Draba cana

Elatine triandra var. americana Elatine americana

Eleocharis pauciflora Eleocharis quinqueflora

Empetrum eamesii ssp. atropurpureum Empetrum atropurpureum

Eupatorium fistulosum Eutrochium fistulosum

Eupatorium purpureum var. purpureum Eutrochium purpureum var.

purpureum

Festuca octoflora var. tenella Vulpia octoflora var. tenella

Gnaphalium macounii Pseudognaphalium macounii

Gnaphalium sylvaticum Omalotheca sylvatica

Helianthemum bicknellii Crocanthemum bicknellii

Helianthemum canadense Crocanthemum canadense

Hierochloe alpina ssp. orthantha Anthoxanthum monticola ssp.

monticola

Hudsonia ericoides ssp. tomentosa Hudsonia tomentosa

Huperzia appalachiana Huperzia appressa

Hypericum pyramidatum Hypericum ascyron

Isanthus brachiatus Trichostema brachiatum

Isoetes macrospora Isoetes lacustris

Juncus alpinus Juncus alpinoarticulatus

Lathyrus maritimus Lathyrus japonicus var. maritimus

Lechea villosa Lechea mucronata

Listera auriculata Neottia auriculata

Listera australis Neottia bifolia

Listera convallarioides Neottia convallarioides

Listera cordata Neottia cordata

Lycopodium annotinum var. pungens Spinulum canadense

Lycopodium appressum Lycopodiella appressa

Lycopodium complanatum Diphasiastrum complanatum

Lycopodium sabinifolium Diphasiastrum sabinifolium

Lysimachia lanceolata ssp. hybrida Lysimachia hybrida

Malaxis brachypoda Malaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda

CURRENT NAMESYNONYM

Synonymy Index continued

SYNONYMCURRENT NAME

Lycopodium annotinum var. pungens Spinulum canadense

Lycopodium appressum Lycopodiella appressa

Lycopodium complanatum Diphasiastrum complanatum

Lycopodium sabinifolium Diphasiastrum sabinifolium

Lysimachia lanceolata ssp. hybrida Lysimachia hybrida

Malaxis brachypoda Malaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda

Malaxis monophyllos ssp. brachypoda Malaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda

Mimulus moschatus Erythranthe moschata

Mononeuria groenlandica Minuartia groenlandica

Neobeckia aquatica Rorippa aquatica

Oligoneuron album Solidago ptarmicoides

Oreojuncus trifidus Juncus trifidus

Oryzopsis pungens Piptatheropsis pungens

Osmorhiza chilensis Osmorhiza berteroi

Panicum columbianum Dichanthelium columbianum

Panicum dichotomum var.

dichotomum

Dichanthelium dichotomum var.

dichotomum

Panicum philadelphicum var.

philadelphicum

Panicum philadelphicum ssp.

philadelphicum

Panicum philadelphicum var.

tuckermanii

Panicum tuckermanii

Panicum sphaerocarpon Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon

Panicum xanthophysum Dichanthelium xanthophysum

Paspalum ciliatifolium Paspalum setaceum var. muhlenbergii

Phragmites australis ssp. americanus Phragmites americanus

Physalis grandiflora Leucophysalis grandiflora

Piptatherum pungens Piptatheropsis pungens

Platanthera hyperborea var. huronensis Platanthera huronensis

Poa fernaldiana Poa laxa ssp. fernaldiana

Poa languida Poa saltuensis ssp. languida

Polygala ambigua Polygala verticillata var. ambigua

Polygala verticillata Polygala verticillata var. verticillata

Polygonum careyi Persicaria careyi

Polygonum hydropiperoides Persicaria hydropiperoides

Polygonum viviparum Bistorta vivipara

Potamogeton filiformis Stuckenia filiformis

Potamogeton ogdenii Potamogeton x ogdenii

Potentilla arguta Drymocallis arguta

Potentilla pensylvanica var. pectinata Potentilla litoralis

Prenanthes boottii Nabalus boottii

Prenanthes trifoliolata Nabalus trifoliolatus

Prunus pumila var. cuneata Prunus susquehanae

Prunus pumila var. susquehanae Prunus susquehanae

Pyrola virens Pyrola chlorantha

Ranunculus hispidus var. hispidus Ranunculus hispidus

Rhododendron nudiflorum Rhododendron periclymenoides

Sabulina rubella Minuartia rubella

Samolus parviflorus Samolus valerandi ssp. parviflorus

Saxifraga aizoon var. neogaea Saxifraga paniculata

Sceptridium multifidum Botrychium multifidum

Sceptridium oneidense Botrychium oneidense

Sceptridium rugulosum Botrychium rugulosum

Schoenoplectus purshianus var.

purshianus

Schoenoplectiella purshiana var.

purshiana

Schoenoplectus smithii var. setosus Schoenoplectiella smithii var. setosa

Schoenoplectus smithii var. smithii Schoenoplectiella smithii var. smithii

Scirpus cespitosus Trichophorum cespitosum

Scirpus heterochaetus Schoenoplectus heterochaetus

Scirpus purshianus var. purshianus Schoenoplectiella purshiana var.

purshiana

Scirpus smithii var smithii Schoenoplectiella smithii var. smithii

Scirpus smithii var. setosus Schoenoplectiella smithii var. setosa

Scirpus subterminalis Schoenoplectus subterminalis

Scirpus torreyi Schoenoplectus torreyi

Scirpus verecundus Trichophorum planifolium

Sedum rosea Rhodiola rosea

Solidago cutleri Solidago leiocarpa

Solidago simplex ssp. randii var.

monticola

Solidago randii

Solidago simplex ssp. randii var.

racemosa

Solidago racemosa

Sorengia longifolia ssp. rigidula Coleataenia rigidula ssp. rigidula

Sparganium minimum Sparganium natans

Specularia perfoliata Triodanis perfoliata

Sporobolus asper Sporobolus compositus var.

compositus

Stachys tenuifolia var. hispida Stachys hispida

Subularia aquatica ssp. americana Subularia aquatica var. americana

Symphyotrichum lanceolatum ssp.

lanceolatum var. interior

Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var.

interior

Thelypteris hexagonoptera Phegopteris hexagonoptera

Thelypteris simulata Parathelypteris simulata

Tillaea aquatica Crassula aquatica

Tofieldia glutinosa Triantha glutinosa

Trichomanes intricatum Crepidomanes intricatum

Triphora trianthophora var.

trianthophora

Triphora trianthophora ssp.

trianthophora

Triphora trianthophoros var.

trianthophoros

Triphora trianthophora ssp.

trianthophora

Trisetum melicoides Graphephorum melicoides

Utricularia inflata var. minor Utricularia radiata

Vaccinium cespitosum Vaccinium caespitosum

Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. humifusa Veronica serpyllifolia var. humifusa

Zigadenus elegans ssp. glaucus Anticlea glauca

Explanation of Legal Status and Information Ranks

State Rank and Global Rank - Value that best characterizes the relative rarity (abundance) or endangerment of a native taxon within

Vermont's geographic boundary or throughout its range, respectively. Ranks are as follows:

1 - Very rare (Critically imperiled): At very high risk of extinction or extirpation due to extreme rarity (often 5 or fewer populations or

occurrences), very steep declines, or other factors

2 - Rare (Imperiled): At high risk of extinction or extirpation due to very restricted range, very few populations (often 20 or fewer), steep

declines, or other factors

3 - Uncommon (Vulnerable): Moderate risk of extinction/extirpation due to restricted range, relatively few populations or occurrences

(often 80 or fewer), recent and widespread declines, or other factors

4 - General, regular, and apparently secure: May be locally uncommon or widely scattered but not uncommon on a statewide basis

5 - Common (Secure): widespread and abundant

H - Possibly extinct/extirpated: Missing; only historical occurrences but potential for rediscovery

X - Presumed extinct/extirpated: Not located despite intensive searches and little likelihood of rediscovery

U - Unrankable: Currently unrankable due to lack of information or substantially conflicting information about status or trends

NR - Not ranked: Not yet assessed

NA - Not applicable. Element is not a suitable target for conservation for one of the following reasons: Hybrid, Exotic Origin,

Accidental/Nonregular, Not Confidently Present, No Definable Occurrences

Uncertainty may be indicated, either in the form of a range rank (e.g. S1S3) or a ? qualifier following a numeric rank. For global ranks only,

a T-rank indicates an infraspecies, and a Q qualifier following the rank indicates uncertain taxonomy.

State Status - Legal protection under Vermont Endangered Species Law (10 V.S.A. Chap. 123)

E = Endangered: in immediate danger of becoming extirpated in the state

T = Threatened: with high possibility of becoming endangered in the near future

PDL = Proposed for Delisting

PE = Proposed for Endangered Status (not legally protected by 10 V.S.A. Chap. 123)

PT = Proposed for Threatened Status (not legally protected by 10 V.S.A. Chap. 123)

RE = Recommended (by the Endangered Species Committee) for Endangered Status (not legally protected)

RT = Recommended (by the Endangered Species Committee) for Threatened Status (not legally protected)

RDL = Recommended (by the Endangered Species Committee) for Delisting

Federal Status - Legal protection under the federal Endangered Species Act, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

LE = Listed Endangered

LT = Listed Threatened

PDL = Proposed for Delisting

C = Candidate for Listing (not legally protected under ESA)

SC = Species of Concern (not legally protected under ESA)

FC Status - Flora Conservanda status (2012), New England Plant Conservation Program. Not a legal designation.

See http://www.newfs.org/conserve/saving-imperiled-plants/flora-conservanda for more information.

Div. 1 - Globally and Regionally Rare Taxa in New England

Div. 2 - Regionally Rare Taxa in New England - typically fewer than 20 populations.

Div. 2a - Regionally Rare Taxa in New England - slightly more than 20 occurrences, but is vulnerable to extirpation

Div. 3a - Declining in a substantial portion of their range in New England

Div. 3b - Disjunct and rare in a portion of New England.

Div. 4 - Historic or extirpated species in New England

Div. IND - Indeterminate Taxa - under review for inclusion, but taxonomy, nomenclature, or status in the wild is not clearly understood.

1

VERMONT RARE PLANT FORM Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory

Latin Name: EO# (if known): New: Update:

Surveyor(s):

Mailing address (phone, email):

Survey Date(s): Report Date:

Survey Site: Town(s):

Directions to location(s) of plants:

Are plants in same location(s) as previously observed?

LANDOWNER(S) / CONTACT(S) (Name, Telephone, Address, Email—if not in a Site Summary Form) Permission?

BIOLOGY Approximate # Population Area(s) Phenology (% or #)

ramets (e.g. 30x10ft; 1m2; 0.5 acre, 1ha) in leaf

(Stems originating separately from ground) in bud

in flower

genets immature fruit (Presumed genetic individuals, e.g. clumps, patches, stems) mature fruit

dormant

Verbal synopsis of above biological data and evidence of reproduction (if not found, discuss search effort):

SURVEY SITE & HABITAT INFORMATION (if not provided in a Site Summary Form or previous form)

Survey site description:

Substrate: Topographic position:

Aspect: Slope: Elevation (in feet): minimum maximum

Light: Moisture:

Associated plant species observed (immediate vicinity):

rev. Nov.2017 2011

2

IDENTIFICATION Characteristics used for plant ID. Photos taken:

Specimen collected? Collection #: Collector (s): Repository: (A permit is required to collect Threatened & Endangered species)

CONSERVATION SUMMARY Is the habitat likely to persist?

Explain any threats:

Conservation, management, and inventory needs:

Full extent of population known? Amount or percent of habitat searched:

Comments that do not fit in another field:

MAPPING (required if not provided in a Site Summary) Attach a copy of Map or Aerial Image showing the rare plant location(s): (Keep in mind that if an area occupied is longer or wider than 12.5 meters, we prefer to map a polygon or line)

AND/OR: Attach shapefile (must be NAD83 State Plane) ; GPS point printout ; or write out GPS coordinates below:

GPS Points: Datum (required; NAD83 preferred):

Accuracy (if known): +/- meters /feet

Optional: Sketches with rare plant location(s), direction & scale: 1) Cross-section of local topography; 2) Diagram of site with survey route

Please send completed forms to Bob Popp: Bob.Popp [at] vermont.gov / Vermont Natural Heritage Inventory, Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department, 5 Perry St., Suite 40, Barre, VT 05641 / (802)-476-0127

Documents

Rare and Uncommon Native Vascular Plants of Vermont ... · The Vermont Rare and Uncommon Native Vascular Plants List is produced by the Vermont Fish & Wildlife ... among all New England