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Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): What Do HRSA Project Officers and Staff Need to Know? Amanda Norton, MSW Quality Improvement Consultant

Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

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Page 1: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI):

What Do HRSA Project Officers and Staff Need to Know?Amanda Norton, MSW

Quality Improvement Consultant

Page 2: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

Key Elements of Quality

• Will to do what it takes to change to a new/improved system

• Ideas on which to base the design of the new/improved system

• Execution of the ideas (know‐how)

Page 3: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

Have You Heard of…

• Total Quality Management• Continuous Quality Improvement• Six Sigma DMAIC• Lean• The Model for Improvement• Others?

Page 4: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

A Horse of A Different Color

Page 5: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

System of Profound Knowledge

• Appreciation for a System– view its organization in terms of many internal and external interrelated connections and interactions, 

– Not discrete and independent departments or processes governed by various chains of command. 

When all the connections and interactions are working together to accomplish a shared aim, a 

business can achieve tremendous.

©Deming Institute

Page 6: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

©Deming Institute

System of Profound Knowledge

Psychology

Appreciation for a system

Theory of Variation

Theory of Knowledge

Page 7: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

SETTING THE CONTEXT

RCQI APPLIED BY GRANTEESOVERSEEN BY PROJECT OFFICERS

Page 8: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

Quality Improvement            vs. Quality Assurance

• Individual Focused• Perfection Myth• Solo practitioner• Errors punished

• Systems focused• Fallibility Recognized• Teamwork• Errors seen as opportunities 

for learning

Page 9: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

“Every system isperfectly designedto get the results

it gets”~Paul Bataldin

Page 10: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

What are we trying toaccomplish?

How will we know that achange is an improvement?

What change can we make thatwill result in improvement?

Model for Improvement

Act Plan

Study Do

AimAim

Measures/Need

Changes/StrategiesChanges/Strategies

Page 11: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

What are we trying to accomplish?

• Aim statement:– What?– For whom?– By when?– How much?

Page 12: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

Aim Statement

• What will you do• How much will you improve

• For Who• By When

Smart Goal

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Establish Clear Definitions

• Define the Whoo Exactly who will this work impact 

• Define the Whato What do these terms mean specifically for your work

• Ask “Howmight somebody be confused by this statement?”

Page 14: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

Example – Advanced Nursing Edu.

• By June 2016, XYZ University will ensure that 100% of clinical preceptors are prepared to facilitate a positive clinical experience for students. All preceptors will undergo an annual clinical competency evaluation and will score at least 90% competency in four domains:

• Student evaluation• Goal setting• Teaching strategies• Demonstration of organized knowledge” 

Page 15: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

Example – Geriatric Workforce

By June 2017. Improve primary care engagement in the early identification of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) so that: – At least 90% of patients 75 years of age or older are assessed for ADRD at least once per year

– 90% or more of those identified with ADRD have education provided directly to the primary caregiver

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The Aim – A Simple and 

Powerful Tool

HRSA’sAim

Region’s Aim

Health System’s Aim

One Provider’s Aim

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Questions?

Page 18: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

How Will we Know if a Change is an Improvement?

Page 19: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

• Quality Improvement is about changing and improving care provided

• It is not about measurement.   

• However ……

How Do We Know That a Change is an Improvement?

Page 20: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

Measurement Assumptions• The purpose of measurement in QI is for learningnot judgment

• All measures have limitations, but the limitations  do not negate their value 

• Measures are one voice of the system. Hearing the voice of the system gives us information on how to act within the system

• Measures tell a story; goals give a reference point

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Performance Measurement in 3 WorldsAspect Improvement  Accountability Research

Aim Improve care Compare, reassure, spur change

New knowledge

MethodsTest Observable

Yes N/A. Evaluate current performance

Test  blind or controlled

Bias Accept stable bias Adjust data to reduce bias

Design to eliminate

Sample Size Just enough data, small sequential samples 

N/A. Report 100% Just in case data

Hypothesis Flexible

Yes.  Revised as learn and test

No hypothesis Fixed hypothesis

How to determine improvement

Run or Shewhart charts No focus on change Hypothesis, Statistical tests: F‐test, t‐test, chi square, p value

Testing Strategy Small sequential tests No tests 1 large test

Data confidential Data used only by those involved in  improvement

No subjects.  Data is for public

Subjects protected

Page 22: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

Types of Measures• Outcome Measures• Process Measures• Balancing Measures• Activity Measures

Page 23: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

A Closer Look

Process Measures Outcome Measures• Data collection may be time 

limited• Are within our control• Are linked to your ideas 

(changes)• Are a means to the ends –

not the ends

• Are patient/family focused• Reflect how care is 

experienced differently by a patient/family

• Sometimes take time to “move the marker”

• Are in your aim!

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Measurement Guidelines

• Need a balanced set of measures to assure that the system is improved.

• These measures should reflect your aim statement & make it specific

• Measures are used to guide improvement and test changes

• Integrate measurement into daily routine

Page 25: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

“You can’t fatten a cow by weighing it”Palestinian Proverb

Page 26: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

Example Measures

Process Outcome# students trained# who graduate during each 

reporting period# of clinical sites # training programs

# of graduates who pursue careers in general, pediatric, or public health dentistry or dental hygiene 

Quality of care provided by graduates

Cost of care provided by trainees & faculty

Page 27: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

Using your Data

• Once you have collected data it is important to show it off!

• How you graph your data has a major impact on what you can do with it.

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How we display our data influences how we use our 

data

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Aggregate vs. Time Ordered Statistics

Page 30: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐
Page 31: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

Jun-

98

Jul-9

8

Aug-

98

Sep-

98

Oct

-98

Nov

-98

Dec

-98

Jan-

99

Feb-

99

Mar

-99

Apr-

99

May

-99

Jun-

99

Jul-9

9

Aver

age

Hou

rs T

V Vi

ewed

Month

Hours of TV Viewing per Day ME's/PD Goal Baseline

Family education

Baseline

Messaging at school, started daily data collection and group run chart

Met with each child's family and sibs Advised families on alternative

activity

Display of Data in a Run Chart

• Graphical display of data

• Simple to make, use and interpret

• Data is plotted in some order – often time order

• Lets you ‐ Communicate and understand variation‐ Displays key measures over time to make progress visible ‐ Determine if changes made are an improvement‐ Illustrates if gains held

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Determine if you are improving

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%Sep‐12

Oct‐12

Nov

‐12

Dec‐12

Jan‐13

Feb‐13

Mar‐13

Apr‐13

May‐13

Jun‐13

Jul‐1

3

Aug‐13

Sep‐13

Oct‐13

Nov

‐13

Dec‐13

Jan‐14

Feb‐14

Mar‐14

Apr‐14

May‐14

Jun‐14

Jul‐1

4

Aug‐14

Sep‐14

Oct‐14

Value Median

Page 33: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

Determine if you are holding the gains

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Identify when your losing the gains

Page 35: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

Key Elements of Data Collection

• If you aren’t using it don’t collect it• The more frequent the data is collected the better

• Look at your data often – be excited• Have a measurement “package” – keep it balanced

• Make data collection reasonable/practical• Give data back to those who give it to you

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Questions?

Page 37: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

WHAT CHANGES CAN WE MAKE THAT WILL RESULT IN IMPROVEMENT?

Page 38: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

Ideas

Page 39: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

Why we PDSA

• Fast – We have a short attention span• Low risk – no harm option• Try everything• Create confidence• Learn how to adapt• Evaluate side‐effects• Build momentum• Decrease resistance• Make REAL improvement

Page 40: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

The PDSA CycleAct

• What changesare to be made?

• Next cycle?

Plan

•Questions andpredictions (why)

• Plan to carry outthe cycle (who,what, where, when) 

Study• Complete theanalysis of the data•Compare data to

predictions•Summarize what

was learned

Do

• Carry out the plan• Document problemsand unexpectedobservations

• Begin analysisof the data 

Change Idea

Page 41: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

Learning with the PDSA cycle: PlanPLAN

Prediction  If ____ Then____ 

Plan to carry out the test (who, what, when?)

Plan for data collection

Page 42: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

Learning with the PDSA cycle: Do

DOCarry out the plan

Document observations –successes/unexpected issues

Begin analysis of data

Page 43: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

Learning with the PDSA cycle: Study

STUDY

Compare to prediction

What did you learn

What was unexpected

What about the data

Page 44: Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI): Do HRSA Project ... · Dec ‐ 12 Jan ‐ 13 Feb ‐ 13 Mar ‐ 13 Apr ‐ 13 May ‐ 13 Jun ‐ 13 Jul ‐ 13 Aug ‐ 13 Sep ‐ 13 Oct ‐

Learning with the PDSA cycle: ActACTSelect an action based on the results of the test:  • Adopt• Adapt• Abandon

If appropriate, plan next test

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The PDSA CycleAct

• What changesare to be made?

• Next cycle?

Plan

•Questions andpredictions (why)

• Plan to carry outthe cycle (who,what, where, when) 

Study• Complete theanalysis of the data•Compare data to

predictions•Summarize what

was learned

Do

• Carry out the plan• Document problemsand unexpectedobservations

• Begin analysisof the data 

Assess Preceptor Competency

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Testing Accomplishes

Belief that the idea is a good idea – peopleare better off because of it

Improved process to make sure everyone experiences the new idea (once we know it works)

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Use of the PDSA Cycle

Proposals, Theories, Ideas

Changes That Result in Improvement

A PS D

A P

S D

PDSA’s will grow each time

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Simple yet balanced

Improved Outcomes

How will we know a 

change is an improvement

What are we trying to 

accomplish

What changes will lead to 

improvement

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Next Steps

Strategies for applying RCQI

½ day Workshop to Project Officers

June 23rd

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Please go to…

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