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101
• Ramteke, S.R., R.K. Narayan and his Social Perspective, New Delhi: Prestige Books,
1986
• Singh, Sushila . Feminism Theory, Criticism, Analysis, Pencraft International:2009.
• Srinath, C.N., R.K. Narayan – An Anthology of Recent Criticism, Delhi, Pencraft
International, 2000.
102
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Primary Sources :
• Swami and Friends (1935), The Magic of Malgudi, S. Krishnan ed., New Delhi:
Penguin Books, 2000.
• The Bachelor of Arts (1937), Ibid.
• The Dark Room (1938), Memories of Malgudi, S.Krishnan, ed. New Delhi: Penguin
Books, 2002.
• The English Teacher (1945), Memories of Malgudi, S.Krishnan, ed., New Delhi:
Penguin Books, 1999.
• Mr. Sampath (1949), The World of Malgudi, S. Krishnan, ed., New Delhi: Penguin
Books, 2000.
• The Financian Expert (1952), Ibid.
• Waiting for Mahatma (1955), Memories of Malgudi, S.Krishnan, ed., New Delhi:
Penguin Books 1999.
• The Guide (1958), Memories of Malgudi, Ibid.
• The Man Eater of Malgudi (1962), A Town called Malgudi, S. Krishnan, ed., New
Delhi: Penguin Books, 1999.
• The Vendor of Sweets (1967), The Magic of Malgudi, S.Krishnan ed., New Delhi:
Penguin Books, 2000.
• The Painter of Signs (1976), Ibid.
• A Tiger for Malgudi (1983), The World of Malgudi, Ibid.
• Talkative Man (1986), The World of Malgudi, Ibid.
• The World of Nagraj (1990) Memories of Malgudi, S.Krishnan, ed., New Delhi:
Penguin Books, 1999.
103
Secondary Sources :
• Agnihotri, G.N. Indian Life and Problems in the Novels of Mulkraj Anand, Raja Rao
and R.K. Narayan, Meerut: Shalabh, 1984
• Babu , Dr. Adi Ramesh, A Memento of Feminist Minds, New Delhi:Authors
Press,2005
• Beaviour, de Simone. The Second Sex , trans. Constance Borde and Sheila Malovany-
Chevallier, London:Vintage,2009
• Bhatnagar, M.K., Twentieth Century Literature in English Vol.III, New Delhi:
Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, 1996.
• Biswal Jayant, K.A. Critical Study of the Novels of R.K. Narayan, New Delhi:
Nirmal, 1987.
• Camus, Albert, The Rebel, transl. Anathony Bower, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1986.
• Chaudhury, N.C. To Live or Not to live, New Delhi: Orient, 1970
• Dev, Som The Guide: A Critical Appreciation, Bareilly: Prakash Book Dept, 1982.
• Dnyate, Ramesh, The Novels of R.K. Narayan, A Typological Study of Characters,
New Delhi: Prestige Books India, 1996.
• Feminist English Literature, New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, 2003.
• Freidan Betty, The Feminine Mystique, New York, Dell, 1974.
• Gillman, Laura .Unassimilable Feminism, New York, Palgrave .Macmillan,2010.
• Goyal, Bhagwat S. R.K. Narayan: A Critical Spectrum, Meerut: Shalabh, 1983.
• Goyal, Bhagwat S., R.K. Narayan: A Critical Spectrum, Meerut: Shalabh, 1983.
• Hariprasanna A., The World of Malgudi: A Study of R.K. Narayan’s Novels, New
Delhi: Prestige Books, 1994.
• Hariprasanna A., The World of Malgudi: A Study of R.K. Narayan’s Novels, New
Delhi: Prestige Books, 1994.
• Harrex S.C. The Fire and the Offering, The English Language of India 1935-1970,
Calcutta: Writer’s Workshop, 1978.
• Harrex, S.C. The Fire and the Offering, The English Language of India 1935-1970,
Calcutta: Writer’s Workshop, 1978.
104
• Hemenway Stephen Ignatius, The Novel of India, Calcutta: Writer’s Workshop,
1975, Vol. II.
• Hemenway, Stephen Ignatius, The Novel of India, Calcutta: Writer’s Workshop,
1975, Vol. II.
• Holmstron Lakshmi, The Novels of R.K. Narayan, Calcutta: Writers Workship, 1973.
• Holmstron, Lakshmi, The Novels of R.K. Narayan, Calcutta: Writers Workshop,
1973.
• Iftikhar, Rukhsana. Indian Feminism:Gender and Identity in Medieval Ages ,Chennai :
Notion Press ,2016.
• Iyengar, K.R. Srinivas, Indian Writing in English, New Delhi: Sterling, 1987.
• Iyengar, K.R. Srinivas, Indian Writing in English, New Delhi: Sterling, 1987.
• James Henry, The Art and the Novel, New York: Norton, 1969.
• James Henry, The Art and the Novel, New York: Norton, 1969.
• Kaul A.N., R.K. Narayan and East-West Theme, considerations, ed., Meenakshi
Mukerjee, Bombay: Allied, 1977.
• Kaul, A.N., R.K. Narayan and East-West Theme, considerations, ed. Meenakshi
Mukherjee, Bombay: Allied, 1977.
• Klein Viola, The Feminine Character: History of Ideology, New York: International
Universities Press, 1949.
• Klein, Viola, The Feminine Character: History of Ideology, New York: International
Universities Press, 1949.
• Krishnaswamy Shanta, The Women in Indian Fiction in English, New Delhi: Ashish
Publishing House, 1984.
• Larvin Janka, From Ruskin to Mayal Kovalky, London: Sylvan Press Ltd., 1948.
• Lydon Susan, ‘Liberating Women’s Orgasm in the New Eroticism, Philip Nolick, ed.,
New York: Random House, 1970
• Mathur O.P., The West Wind Blows Through Malgudi, Perspective on R.K. Narayan,
Atma Ram, ed. Ghaziabad: Vimal, 1981.
• Mehrotra ,Arvind Krishna. An Illustrated History of Indian Literature in English,Delhi:
Permanent Black,2016.
105
• _ _ _ _ A Concise History of Indian Literature in English,Delhi: Permanent Black,2016.
• Mehta, P.P. Indo Anglican Fiction – An Assessment, Bareilly: Prakash Book Depot,
1968.
• Morton Hunt, What is a Man? What is a Woman? New York: Farrar, Strauss and
Giroux, 1979.
• Muecke, D.C., Irony, The Critical Idiom, D.J. Johon, ed., London: Methuen, 1970.
• Mukherjee Meenakshi, The Twice Born Fiction: Themes and Techniques of the
Indian Novel in English, New Delhi: Arnold Heinemann, 1971.
• Naik, M.K., A History of Indian Literature, New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1982.
• _ _ _ The Ironic Vision: A Study of Fiction of R.K. Narayan, New Delhi: Sterling,
1983
• Naipul V.S. India: A Wounded Civilization, 1977, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1979.
• Narayan, R.K., My Days, New Delhi: Orient, 1986.
• _ _ _ The White Flower in Lawley Road, Mysore: Indian Thought, 1956.
• Newland Katleen, The Sisterhood of Man, New York: Norton, 1979.
• Parker Amy and Stan, The Tree of Man, New York: Viking, 1955.
• Parmeshwaran Uma, A Study of Representative Indo-English Novelists, New Delhi:
Vikas, 1976.
• Patel, Krishna Ahooja, Another Development for Women in Approaches and
Strategies, Marc Nerfin, ed., Uppsala: The Dag Harmskjold Foundation, 1977.
• Pontes, Hilda, R.K. Narayan: Man and Writer, A Bibliography of Indian Writing in
English, Nissim Ezekiet ed., New Delhi: Concept, 1983.
• Rajan Balchandra, The Dark Dancer, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988.
• Ramana, P.S., Message in Design – A Study of R.K. Narayan’s Friction, New Delhi:
Harman Publishing House, 1993.
• Ramteke, S.R., R.K. Narayan and his Social Perspective, New Delhi: Prestige Books,
1986.
• Rana ,Amandeep. A Critical Study of the Fictional World of R.K. Narayan, New Delhi:
Atlantic Publishers,2013
106
• Scott, B.P., R.K. Narayan and East West Theme, Considerations Meenakshi
Mukherjee ed., Bombay: Allied, 1977.
• Sidhu, Nazar Singh, Human Struggle in the Novels of R.K. Narayan, New Delhi:
Bahri Publication, 1992
• Singh, Nisha. Womanhood Concepts in the Novels of R.K. Narayan, Delhi: The Women
Press,1967.
• Srinath, C.N., R.K. Narayan – An Anthology of Recent Criticism, Delhi, Pencraft
International, 2000.
• Stubbs, Patricia, Women and Fiction: Feminism and the Novel, New York: Barnes
and Noble, 1979.
• Sundaram, P.S., R.K. Narayan, New Delhi: Arnold Heinemann, 1973.
Journals & Critical Articles
• Alphonso – Karkala, Symbolism in R.K. Narayan's Novels, The Financial Expert, in
comparative World Literature, Bombay: NirmalSadanand Publishers, 1974.
• Babst, Arlene, Women Without Men, Bulletin Today, 23rd Sept., 1981.
• Berry, Margaret R.K. Narayan, Lila and Literature, The Journal of Indian Writing in
English, Vol. V no.2, July 1976.
• Chew Shirley, A Proper Detachment: The Novels of R.K. Narayan, Southern Review,
June 1972. F
• Gerow, Edwin, The Qunitessential Narayan Literature, East and West, Vol. X Nos.,
112, 1996
• Greene, Graham, The Bachehlhor of Arts, London : Pocket Book Edition, 1951.
• Introduction, The Financial Expert, Mysore: Indian Thought Publications, 1984.
• Margaret Berry, R.K. Narayan: Lila and Literature, The Journal of Indian Writing in
English, Vol.4 No.2, 1976.
• Mehta Ved, John is easy to please, London: Secker and Warburg, 1971.
• Sundaram P.S. Malgudi: The World of R.K. Narayan, The Indian P.E.N., Vol. 43,
No.1-2, p.177.
• Blast, Arlene, Women Without Men, Bulletin Today, 23rd Sept., 1981.
107
• Frye, Nortrop, Anatomy of criticism, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1957.
• Greene, Graham, The Bachehlhor of Arts, London : Pocket Book Edition, 1951.
• Introduction, The Financial Expert, Mysore: Indian Thought Publications, 1984.
• Mukherjee, Meenakshi, "Samaskarva", Realism and Reality: The Novel and Society
in India, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1985.
• Mehta Ved, John is easy to please, London: Secker and Warburg, 1971
• Narayan R.K. English in India in Commonwealth Literature, ed. John Press, London:
Heinemann 1965.
108
Questionnaire for Minor Research Project
Topic – R.K. Narayan’s Heroines as Trail Blazers for
Contemporary Feministic Movement.
Dr. Priti Koolwal (Asst. Prof. English)
P.M.B. Gujarati Commerce College, Indore
Please tick the appropriate box: -
1) Do you read novels?
� Yes � No
2) Have you heard or read about R.K. Narayan?
� Yes � No
3) Have you seen the movie ‘Guide’?
� Yes � No
4) Do you think that there is a change in position of women since independence?
� Yes � No
5) Do you think that novels/ literature have played a key role in bringing a change in the
status of women?
� Yes � No
6) Do you think that novels today are more feministic than in colonial times?
� Yes � No
7) Do you think that there is a change in the gender atypical role of women?
� Yes � No
8) Do you endorse the feministic approaches of modern writers.
� Yes � No
9) Do you think the empowerment of women helps the society.
� Yes � No
10) Do you think that empowered women of India should be in the periscope of Indian
culture, tradition and Dharma?
�Agree � Disagree
11) What do you think Indian women should be?
� Traditional � Modern � Blend of both tradition and modernity.
12) Like R.K. Narayan do you also think that there should be a supremacy of Dharma?
� Yes � No
109
13) Do you regard R.K. Narayan as a feminist?
� Yes � No
14) Do you think that when women leave behind their dependence on male only then the
idea of feminism materializes?
� Yes � No
15) Do you feel that marriage is an obstruction to self-fulfillment?
� Yes � No
16) Do you think that spread of education has played an important role in developing a
rational attitude among the Indian women?
� Yes � No
17) Do you feel that women in India still suffer prejudices in India?
� Yes � No � To some extent
18) Do you think that modernity/feminism brings about many tensions, problems and
conflicts in the family and society in India?
� Yes � No � To some extent
19) Do you think that modernity has vanished grace and dignity in Indian women?
� Yes � No � To some extent
20) Do you think that modernity/women empowerment brings forth immense egotism and
feeling of self-respect in females?
� Yes � No � To some extent
21) Do you regard, Indian feminism different from the feminism of west?
� Yes � No � To some extent
22) Whom do you regard the first rebel among R.K. Narayan’s female characters.
� Savitri (The Dark Room) � Rosie (The Guide)
� Daisy (The Painter of Signs)
23) Do you think that Rosie in The Guide has been successful in establishing her
individuality by discarding her husband Marco?
� Yes � No
110
24) Which heroine of Narayan do you think widens the female perspective in the national
cause?
� Rosie (The Guide) � Bharati (Waiting for Mahatma)
� Daisy (The Painter of Signs)
25) Do you regard Daisy's rampant feminism in The Painter of Signs as –
� Unusual � Usual � Beneficial for the society
26) Do you think that with a shift in position of women in India there is shift in R.K.
Narayan’s sensibility towards woman as well?
� Yes � No � To some
27) Whom among R.K. Narayan’s heroines do you regard as the ideal modern woman of
India today?
� Savitri (The Dark Room) � Rosie (The Guide)
� Daisy (The Painter of Signs) � Sarasa (Talkative Man)
� Sita (The World of Nagraj)
28) Do you think that R.K. Narayan’s presentation of his female, characters as realistic
and positive?
� Yes � No � to some extent
29) Do you also think like R.K. Narayan that feminism and women empowerment should
be used by the Indian women for
� Selfish Purpose � Satisfying ego
� For positive purpose for her family and society � Satisfaction of passion.
30) Do you regard R.K. Narayan’s heroines as Trail Blazers for contemporary feministic
movement.
� Yes � No
Signature ___________________________
Name: _____________________________
Name of Institution: ___________________
Designation: __________________________
� Working � Student � Home Maker
111
TABULAR PRESENTATION OF THE RESULTS / OPINION
DERIVED FROM QUESTIONNAIRE
Group Indian Women Should
be Traditional
Indian Women Should
be Modern
Indian Women Should be Blend of
both tradition and modernity.
Working/Professional Nil 40% 60%
Students 10% 60% 30%
Homemaker 30% 30% 40%
Group
Do you think the
empowerment
of women helps the society
Do you think that empowered
women of India should be in
the periscope of Indian culture,
tradition and Dharma
Should there be a
supremacy of
Dharma
Working/Professional 90% 30% 20%
Students 95% 20% 10%
Homemaker 30% 70% 50%
Group
Do you feel that marriage
is
an obstruction to self-
fulfillment
Do you think that spread
of education has played an
important role in
developing a rational
attitude among
the Indian women
Do you think that
modernity/feminism
brings about many
tensions, problems and
conflicts in the family and
society in India
Working/
Professional 50% 95% 50%
Students 65% 90% 40%
Homemaker 30% 45% 70%
112
Group
Do you think that
modernity has vanished
grace and dignity in
Indian women
Do you feel that women in
India still suffer
prejudices in India
Do you think that
modernity/women
empowerment brings
forth immense egotism
and feeling of self-respect
in females
Working/Professional 30% 40% 50%
Students 45% 30% 60%
Homemaker 60% 65% 73%
Group
Do you regard,
Indian feminism
different from the
feminism of west
Do you think that with a shift
in position of women in India
there is shift in R.K. Narayan’s
sensibility towards woman as
well
Do you think that R.K.
Narayan’s presentation of
his female, characters as
realistic and positive
Working/Professional 50% 70% 52%
Students 60% 82% 76%
Homemaker 55% 78% 72%
Group
Do you favour
Daisy's rampant
feminism in The
Painter of Signs
Should feminism
and women
empowerment be
used
for satisfaction of
ego and passion
Should feminism and
women empowerment
be used for positive
purpose for her family
and society
Do you regard R.K.
Narayan’s heroines
as Trail Blazers for
contemporary
feministic movement
Working/
Professional 46% 42% 78% 98%
Students 58% 40% 69% 80%
Homemaker 35% 30% 90% 75%
113
114
115
