Ramin_Shamshiri_Green_Computing_Lecture.pptx

7/28/2019 Ramin_Shamshiri_Green_Computing_Lecture.pptx

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EMM5704Green ComputingA Lecture by: Ramin Shamshiri

Spring 2012


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What is Green Computing, Need, history, related fieldsIntroduction

Trends and Applications in Manufacturing, industry,...

Application fields of Green computing

GC approach, algorithm and software, etc

Methodology of Green computing

Books and journal publications about Green Computing

Green computing Literature

Green computing web programs, certificates, etc

Summary

References


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Green computing, also called Green IT or ICT Sustainability, is the

practice of using computing resources efficiently

Designing, manufacturing and disposing Computer ,servers with no

impact on the environment [1].

To reduce the use of Hazardous materials, reduce power consumption,

and to maximize energy efficiency during products lifetime.

What Is Green Computing?


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Waste of Energy

Computer Energy is often wasteful, i.e., leaving the computer on

when not in use, printing unnecessary materials, etc( For a university of 40,000 students and faculty, the power bill for just computers

can come to $2 million / year)

Pollution

Due to manufacturing, packaging, disposal techniques, etc

Toxicity

Toxic chemicals involved in manufacturing

Need for Green Computing


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Need for Green Computing

Disposal of these devices constituted 20-50 million tonsper year (about 5% of the total waste of the planet)

Burning and disposal of computer components leads toair pollution and airborne toxins


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Originated in 1992 at the U.S Environmental Protection Agency that

launched Energy Star Program

The term Green Computing was then coined shortly after that

The Swedish also launched the TCO Certification after that.

History of Green Computing


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Improve the savings

Ecofriendly and environment friendly

Benefits of Green Computing

Green Use

GreenDisposal

Green Design

Green Manufacturing


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Energy Usage profile (EUP) Computer CPU uses 120 Watts, CRT uses 150 Watts, A Simple Fluorescent bulb (60W)1 Hour consumption: 0.06 kWh, Cost: $0.0897 per kWh, $0.0054 per hour, $47.15 for a year

Reducing Energy Consumption Turn off the computer and Monitor when not in use, even just for an

hour, use power saver mode

Use LCD instead of CRT

Use hardware-software with the Energy Star label

(Use Intel & VIA vs. AMD)

Do not print unless required)


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Summary

References


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Green Computing Applications

Improving logistics and supply

chain management

Planning the routes of delivery

vehicles more efficiently

Managing energy demand

Using data networking in

electrical grids to manage

demand and reduce

unnecessary energy

consumption

Enabling smart buildings

Automatically turning off

lighting and ventilation

systems if nobody is around

Utilizing teleworking and

videoconferencing

Being low-carbon alternatives

to business travel and

commuting


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Reasons for Adopting Green Solutions


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TRENDS

Is a step toward reducing high operational costs

Will improve network security

Will force changes in enterprise behavior

Will require networking professionals to change the

way they think in order to involve themselves in cloud

computing.


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Cloud Computing in Action

Able to save energy and money for businesses.

In those times when additional computing power is needed, if cloud

computing solution is set up, it can draw on the additional computingpower and resources just when they are needed.

You won't be paying the energy costs for running servers and the

associated costs the rest of the time. Cloud resources are in this case a

reserve to allocate without the need to pay for the resource sitting idle in

one fixed location.

So, cloud computing makes IT infrastructure far more Green than it is

currently.


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Reduce energy consumption by PCs

Enable power management features

Greening data centers

Turning off the system when not in use

Using screensaversAvoid maintaining E-waste in the form ofCDs,DVDs, Players,

I-pods at home

Try to hand over old PCs, Mobile phones and other electronic

goods to recycling units

Use energy saving light bulbs or LED lightsUsing thin-client computers

GC Practices


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Design Manufacturing

Green computer design aims to reduce the environmental impact of computers by

adopting new technologies and using new techniques and materials while balancing

environmental compatibility with economic viability and performance. Green

design is quickly becoming a necessary business practice. Many computer

manufacturers are in the process of making green PCs using nontoxic materials that

consume less electrical power and are easily reassembled.


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Summary

References


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The Aims of Green Computing:

Reduce the use of hazardous materials

Maximize energy efficiency during the product's lifetime

Promote the recyclability or biodegradability of defunct products and factorywaste

Research Areas:

To reduce the computers energy consumption as much as possible Designing algorithms and systems to promote related computer technologies in

aspect of energy consumption


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Green Computing Consideration:

User satisfaction

Management restructuring

Regulatory compliance

Return on investment (ROI)


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GREEN COMPUTING(APPROACH)


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SAN MURUGESANIN THE ARTICLE HARNESSING GREEN

IT: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES, DEFINES THE FIELDS OFGREEN COMPUTING AS "THE STUDY AND PRACTICE OF

DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, USING, AND DISPOSING OF

COMPUTERS, SERVERS, AND ASSOCIATED SUBSYSTEMS

SUCH AS MONITORS, PRINTERS, STORAGE DEVICES, AND

NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS,

EFFICIENTLY AND EFFECTIVELY WITH MINIMAL OR NO

IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT. Murugesanalso believes the environmental

effects of computing should be implemented

in following factors:

Green use

Green disposal

Green design

Green manufacturing


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Approaches

Product Longevity

Data Center Design

Software & Operation Optimization Power Management

Materials Recycling

Telecommuting


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Product Longevity

The biggest contribution to green computing usually is to prolongthe equipment's lifetime

Product longevity is including upgradability and modularity

Manufacturing a new PC makes a far biggerecologicalfootprintthan manufacturing a new RAM module to upgrade anexisting one.

An ecological footprint measures of how much humans

impact the planet, and how fast they use its natural resources.

It is a ratio that directly relates how many resources we

use to how fast the planet can regenerate them.


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Data Center Design

Data center facilities are heavy consumers of energy, accounting for between1.1% and 1.5% of the worlds total energy use in 2010 and also a center facilitiesconsume up to 100 to 200 times more energy than standard office buildings.

Energy efficient data center design should focus on: Information technology (IT) systems

Environmental conditions Air management Cooling systems Electrical systems

Additional energy efficient design opportunities include on-site electricalgeneration and recycling of waste heat.

Energy efficient data center design should help to better utilize a data centersspace, and increase performance and efficiency.


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Software and Operation Optimization

Algorithmic efficiency

Resource allocationVirtualization

Terminal servers


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Algorithmic Efficiency

The efficiency of algorithms has an impact on the amount of computer

resources required for any given computing function and there are manyefficiency trade-offs in writing programs.

A study by a physicist at Harvard, estimated that the average Google searchreleased 7 grams of carbon dioxide (CO).

More recently, an independent study by GreenIT demonstrate that Windows7 + Office 2010 require 70 times more memory (RAM) than Windows 98 +Office 2000 to write exactly the same text or send exactly the same e-mailthan 10 years ago.


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Resource Allocation

Algorithms can also be used to route data to data centers where electricity is lessexpensive.

Direct traffic to rely on energy that is produced in a more environmentallyfriendly or efficient way.

Cut energy usage by routing traffic away from data centers experiencingwarm weather, this allows computers to be shut down to avoid using airconditioning.

Larger server centers could located where energy and land are inexpensive and readilyavailable.

Local availability of renewable energy

Climate that allows outside air to be used for cooling

Locating them where the heat they produce may be used for other purposes


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Virtualization

Computer virtualization refers to the abstraction of computer resources,

such as the process of running two or more logical computer systems on

one set of physical hardware

With virtualization, a system administrator could combine several physical

systems into virtual machines on one single, powerful system, thereby

unplugging the original hardware and reducing power and cooling

consumption


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Terminal servers

Terminal servers have also been used in green computing. When using the

system, users at a terminal connect to a central server, all of the actual

computing is done on the server, but the end user experiences the operating

system on the terminal.

These process under specific circumstances could results 1/8 the amount of

energy of a normal workstation, resulting in a decrease of energy costs and

consumption

Examples of terminal server software include Terminal Services for

Windows and the Linux Terminal Services Project (LTSP) for the Linux

operating system.


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Power Management

Data center power

Operation system support

Power supply

Storage

Video card

Display


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Materials recycling

Keep harmful materials such as lead, mercury, and hexavalent chromiumout of landfills

Recycling equipment that would need to be manufactured, saving further

energy and emissions

Computer systems that have outlived their particular function can be re-purposed, or donated to various charities and non-profit organizations

parts from outdated systems may be salvaged and recycled

through certain retail outlets and municipal or private recyclingcenters

Computing supplies, such as printer cartridges, paper and

batteries should be recycled as well.


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Telecommuting

Teleconferencing and telepresence technologies are often

implemented in green computing initiatives by reduction of

greenhouse gas emissions related to travel


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Why to Get Green !?!

1. CEOs must recognize the leadership role they personally need to play to embed

sustainability deep and wide in their organizations.

2. Exponential increases in electricity tariffs.3. Introduction of Carbon Taxes.

4. Brand loyalty shift.

5. Regulatory requirements for sustainability

reporting.


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GREEN COMPUTING (PERSPECTIVE)


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Tips for Home Usage:

Switch the monitor off when, not being used. Despite the debate over whether its better for your

computer to be left on or shut off, the fact is its better for the environment to shut it off.

Use new energy saving LCDs instead of traditional CRT monitors.

Use new energy saving and efficient cooling systems, like liquid computer cooling systems in place

of old heat sinks.

Temperature maintenance and regulation to reduce thermal-shock, wear and tear to computer parts.

Increase online security measures through the use of firewalls, anti spyware and antivirus softwareto reduce the ever increasing levels of e-waste on the net.

Instead of spending more time on computers in office, consider reducing the computer time in your

office. This will improve cathode ray tube screen visibility syndrome as well as it will save more

energy.


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Individual Green Computing involves power management by individual users. It also involves

cutting off power supply to peripherals like scanners and printers.

Buy Energy Star labeled monitors, desktop, laptops, and printers. The Energy Star devices can be

programmed to power-down to a low power state when they are not being used, helping you save

energy and run cooler which helps them last even longer.

Buy the new Smart Strip power strip. The Smart Strip actually senses how much power your

computer devices use and when Smart Strip senses that you have switched off, it automatically shuts

off your peripherals.

Put laptops in sleep mode when not being used. The EPA has estimated that this reduces their

energy use by 60 to 70 percent. Or alternatively switch to a better power plan in windows(there aremany power plans in windows, change them according to your usage at that time)

Green Computing also involves disposal of old hardware responsibly. Consumer electronic devices

contain toxic materials which can seep into the ground if not dumped properly.


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Summary

References


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Why Green Computing


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Why Green Computing


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Top 10 reasons to Green computingTop 10 reasons to Green computing by Kevin Klustners President and CEO of Verdiem :

1. It saves money (a lot of money): PC power management software can cut energy

costs by $20-60 dollars per PC, which can translate to six- and seven-figure annualsavings for large enterprises.

2. Its the right thing to do: 15 PCs can generate as much carbon emissions as a mid-

size car each year. Implementing effective PC power management strategies in your

enterprise provides a way for your business to do its part in helping the environment.

3. Its not easy being not green: Replacing office equipment can be time- and cost-

intensive. But making your existing equipment more energy-efficient is a fast and easy

process that pays off within months, and makes it difficult being not green.


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4. Sustained growth requires sustainable operations : The average PC consumes 588

kilowatt-hours of electricity per year, and wastes almost 400 kWh of that by running at

full-power when not in use. Putting a computer in sleep mode during inactive times can

cut energy use on average 60-70 percent and up to 90 percent in aggressive scenarios.

5. Attract and retain customers: According to reporting from Verdiems current

customers, enterprises can cut PC carbon emission by as much as 440 pounds per year per

PC. For large enterprises, this can literally mean savings of thousands of tons of carbon

each year, simply by managing PC power consumption.

6. Inspire employees: Employees feel a deep sense of pride working in organizations

that do their part for the environment. When your employees know their computers are

using less than half the power they used to, with no impact on productivity, theyll know

they personally are helping to reduce the company's carbon footprint.

Top 10 reasons to Green computing


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7. Improved reputation and brand value: According to the BBMG Conscious

Consumer Report, the vast majority of Americans not only expect business leaders and

marketers to provide environmentally-friendly products,but theyre adamant that those

green friendly claims are backed up with legitimate practices.

8. Be a cost-savings and sustainability hero for your organization :Every year,enterprises waste nearly $4 billion powering devices that are not in use. Curb these

expenses and the excess carbon emissions through the introduction of power management

ideas.

9. Lower exposure to energy prices: Energy sales are expected to grow 50 percent

worldwide by 2030. By reducing the amount of power required to operate your business,youll mitigate risk from factors well outside ofyour control.

10. Energy-efficient IT is high performance IT: IT equipment can account for nine

percent of all energy consumed by businesses- the third-largest source of power for the

commercial sector. Putting power management policies in place is the easiest way to

control power consumption across your network.

Top 10 reasons to Green computing


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1) Develop a sustainable green computing planDiscuss with your business leaders the elements that should be factored into such a plan,

including organizational policies and checklists.

2) Recycle

Discard used or unwanted electronic equipment in a convenient and environmentally

responsible manner.

3) Make environmentally sound purchase decisions

4) Reduce Paper Consumption

There are many easy, obvious ways to reduce paper consumption: e-mail, electronic

archiving, use the track changes feature in electronic documents, rather than redline

corrections on paper.

5) Conserve energy

Turn off your computer when you know you wont use it for an extended period of time.

Turn on power management features during shorter periods of inactivity.


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1. Set clear targets. Establishing a specific,

attainable, measurable goal, such as "cutting

energy waste by 20 percent in a week" is easier

to get behind than a vague objective such as"Let's cut waste significantly this year."

2. Connect behavior with results. By sharing

energy and waste figures with staff, you show

how their actions make a difference.

3. Provide concrete examples. Offer specific

guidance as to what employees should do to cut

waste, including printing double-sided and in

black-and-white; turning off monitors, PCs, and

lights; and unplugging chargers.

Techniques or tipsfor encouraginggreener IT byCanadians:

The Canadian Center for

Pollution Prevention has some great

techniques to promote greener behavior

among employees. Here's a sampling of

six techniques:


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Techniques or tips forencouraging greener IT byCanadians:4. Put expectations in writing. Add green policies to

corporate documents such as employee handbooksand job descriptions. Remind staff of these policies

during orientation and training sessions.

5. Use visual and auditory reminders. Decals,

stickers, and signs hung around the office can be

effective reminder for employees to turn off lights,reduce printing, and so forth.

6. Make people feel good about their actions. This

ties in to rewards, which again, need not be monetary.

Public recognition and praise, for example, can be

very effective.


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Advantages of green IT IT operations achieve better energy efficiency

through green initiatives, which financially benefit

them, especially when electrical energy is at a

premium and energy prices are rising.

Green IT can contribute to improving a companys

relationship with important stakeholders like banks,

investors and government agencies (Carter, 2004;

Carter et al. 2000).

Costs can be reduced by packaging materialefficiently. Carter et al. (2000) identified that

environmental (IT) purchasing can improve a

companys economic position, by reducing disposal

and liability costs and conserving resources.


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Advantages of green IT Maignan et al. (2002) state that there is a

relation between CSR and the increased

innovations because of the process of

seeking alternative environmental efficient

processes. The organizational value canincrease as well by improving brand image

and loyalty.

Green IT can be used to gain increased

brand image for attracting and keeping both

customers and employees, as reputation canbe a source of competitive advantage

(Carter, 2004). Green labels are a good way

of communicating the achievements on

green IT to the stakeholders, especially the

customers (Hansmann et al., 2004; Maignan

et al., 2002).


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Disadvantages green IT

For implementing new initiatives, investments

have to be made. As identified by McGuire et al.

(2005) and Carter (2005), cost can come from

several sources: training and top management

support, establishing environmental protectionprocedures, implementing software that enhances

greenness, executing the move towards e.g. cloud

computing or virtualization, investing in

sustainable hardware etc.

Concerns for a green IT policy may limit a firmsstrategic alternatives.

Although virtualization and cloud computing will

result in more efficient use of energy, Hardof

(2009) mentions that it has a huge impact on

security


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Some examples of green computing


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Automatic log off and shut down of PCs

reduced machine hours from 50000 hrs to

3000rs. The result was savings in electricity

of over $5 million annually, with a decrease

in GHG of more than 30000 tonnes

annually (equates to 7 500 cars off the road

per annum).

Australian Dept. of Defense


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A tool based switch-off/ switch on

change over 50000 desktops across

the globe helped DELL to reduce its

energy consumption by 40%,

translating to USD 1.8 m per year.

Dell


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Saved $US45 million by consolidating

and replacing servers thus avoiding new

data center construction, and saved $US 95

million through Data Centre efficiency

program.

Intel


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Through a large Green Computing Program covering

server and storage consolidation, blade server rollouts, andvirtualization, gained the following financial benefits:

Direct cost savings of US$ 130,000

Annual savings of US$ 70,000 on data center maintenance costs

Reduced server count by 98%, achieving significant cost

reduction

Reduced Total Cost of Ownership

Annual energy cost savings up to US$ 100,000

InfosysBusiness Technology Consulting | IT Services


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InfosysBusiness Technology Consulting | IT Services

Through the cloud implementation Infosys achieved the

following benefits :

22% reduction in costs and power consumption

Additional ease of implementation and control over projects

Clients also benefit from lower TCO

Built twin CloudCenters in a record period of 5.5 months

with 30 plus IT services and 2 clients going live

More than 50 percent reduction in the effort cost

Around 80 percent reduction in the power demand by

additional desktops and project specific servers

Reduction in OS build time to less than 30 minutes from

2-3 hours of manual installation time

Restoration to previous snapshot within 5 minutes


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Achieved the following benefits from

Datacenter Virtualization:

80 servers to 4

Reduced cabling costs by 30 to 60

percent

Reduced space, power and cooling

requirements

Coca-ColaBottling CompanyConsolidated


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Hear I going to introduce some articles , journals in relation with green computing :

Wikipedia has two sources about green

computing. The first, is titled, What is Green

Computing? This gives a basic idea of whatis involved with Green Computing and what it

means to have green computers. The second

source is found on the encyclopedia

Wikipedia site. The title of this article is,

Green Computing Environmentally Friendly

Use of Computers. The article addresses the

what and how of green computing. Both of

these articles address the pros of green

computing.


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Green Supercomputing Comes of Age,

is an article retrieved on line. This article

discusses what needs to be done for green

computing to be implemented in businesses.

The article, titled, Energy Star has lostsome luster, from the Consumers Report

dated October 2008, gives an interesting

look at how well the government and the

EPA are doing to green up technology.

Baseline is a technological magazine with

articles on line. The title of their article is,Green Computing: Hype Cycle or Actual

Trend. In this article, we explore why we

arent up to speed on green computing.


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Staples has a good article ontheir website titled, EnvironmentallyFriendly Solutions for ObsoleteComputers. While we try to use lessenergy to help with global warming,there is still an issue with disposal of

computers and accessories. An article titled, Can GreenComputers Help Save the World,gives some insight into the debatethat green computers arent reallygreen and why. Reid, T. R. (1992, EPA nudges firms to take

the lead in 'green computing) is an article

which shows that the initial "green"

computer was only one that consumed less

energy and they only suggestion to reduce

energy consumption was putting a sleep

function into the microprocessor that would

use less energy while the computers were

not in use


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Summary

References


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Summary

Green computing is a novel and an innovative trend in the

world of computing which has minimum or no impact on the

environment.

Green computing has introduced a range of equipments and

technologies which help in limiting the impact on the

environment.

Use ofEUPs help in different aspects of the computing

world help in recognizing the areas for improvement


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Green Computing Programs The Australian National University (ANU) offers "ICT Sustainability" as part of its

information technology and engineering masters programs.

Athabasca University offer a similar course "Green ICT Strategies", adapted from

the ANU course notes.

Leeds Metropolitan University offers an MSc Green Computing program in both full

and part time access modes.

Certifications

Green Computing Initiative - GCI

CompTIA Strata Green IT

Information Systems Examination Board (ISEB) Foundation Certificate in Green IT

Singapore Infocomm Technology Federation (SiTF)

Australian Computer Society (ACS)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_National_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athabasca_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds_Metropolitan_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CompTIAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Systems_Examination_Boardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Infocomm_Technology_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Computer_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Computer_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Infocomm_Technology_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Infocomm_Technology_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Infocomm_Technology_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Singapore_Infocomm_Technology_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Systems_Examination_Boardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CompTIAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds_Metropolitan_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athabasca_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_National_University


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Go Green Computing

Greener Google Browsing: Blackle.com

Being Green with Yahoo!

Greener FireFox Surfing

Other Green Surfing Efforts

-

-


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Go Green Computing

Bamboo: is becoming increasingly popular for making casings for

computers and peripherals

Recyclable plastics: computers are constructed from non-recyclable plastics

is recyclable polycarbonate resin.

Eco-friendly flame retardant: there are flame retardant silicone

compounds available that are flame retardant and completely non-toxic.

Inventory management: reducing the quantity of both hazardous materialsused in the process and the amount of excess raw materials.

Volume reduction: removes hazardous portion of waste from non hazardous

portion.


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Go Green Computing


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References

1. San Murugesan, Harnessing Green IT: Principles andPractices, IEEEIT Professional, JanuaryFebruary 2008,pp 24-33.

2. Rajesh Chheda, Dan Shookowsky, Steve Stefanovich,

and Joe Toscano, Profiling Energy Usage for EfficientConsumption.

3. Dan Rogers and Ulrich Homann, Application Patternsfor Green IT.

4. Walter Binder and Niranjan Suri, Green Computing:Energy Consumption Optimized Service Hosting

5. Robert R. Harmon, Nora Auseklis, Sustainable ITServices: Assessing the Impact of Green ComputingPractices.


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Ramin_Shamshiri_Green_Computing_Lecture.pptx