Rakesh Singh Project

8/3/2019 Rakesh Singh Project

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SURVEY REPORT

ON

CHOICE OF CONSUMERS IN DIFFERENT SOFT

DRINKS IN VARANASI

Submitted Under Partial Fulfillment of Bachelor of Business

Administration

Session : 2007 2010

Under the Supervision of

MR. NAYAN RANJAN SINHA

(Lecturer)

Submitted By

Rakesh Kumar Singh

B/11/101


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INTRODUCTION

A SURVEY REPORT ON CHOICE OF CONSUMERS IN DIFFERENT SOFT

DRINKS in Varansi is conducted by Rakesh Kumar Singh of School Of Management

sciences Varanasi. Under the guidance of Dr. Nayan Ranjan sinha (Lecturer) SCHOOL OF

MANAGEMENT SCIENCES.

Under this survey I come to know that most of the people of Varanasi are well known

about all brands of soft drinks and 300ml. bottle is used frequently by persons of the city.


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DECLARATION

I here by declare that all information selected though the questionnaire is correct in

accordance with the sample size; it is very small as compare to the universe. So it may not

applicable in all case.

Place: VARANASI RAKESH KUMAR SINGH

_________________Signature


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PREFACE

The Survey report has been conducted on A SURVEY REPORT ON CHOICE OF

CONSUMERS IN DIFFERENT SOFT DRINKS IN VARANASI CITY. The purpose of

this survey is to find the awareness among people about the soft drinks and its other product.

This survey is carried out to translate the theoretical knowledge of the subject into the

practice field work. This project is carried out in the domical fulfillment of the BBA course

of SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES.


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With an ineffable sense of gratitude I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of in

depth ness to Professor Prof. P.N. Jha (Director of SMS) for allowing me to carry out this

survey work.

I am also thankful to Sir Mr. Nayan Ranjan Sinha for his keen interest, constructive

criticism, persistent encouragement and untiring guidance through out the development of

the project. It has been my great privilege to work under his inspiring and provoking

guidance.

I am also thankful to the consumer for being a source of information in providing me the

correct data and fact data.

I also want to thank my friends who helped me in completing this project.

THANKING YOU Rakesh Kumar SinghBBA 4th sem


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INDEX

1. TOPIC

2. SUMMARY

3. OBJECTIVE

4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

5. HISTORY

6. FINDING AND ANALYSIS

7. RECOMMENDATION AND

SUGGESTION

8. LIMITATION

9. BIBLIOGRAPHY

10. ANNEXURE


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Coca-Cola

Type Cola

Manufacturer The Coca-Cola Company

Country of

originUnited States

Introduced 1886

Color Caramel E-150d

Related

products

Pepsi

Irn Bru

RC Cola

Cola Turka

Zam Zam Cola

Mecca Cola

Virgin Cola

Parsi Cola

Qibla Cola

Evoca Cola

Corsica Cola

Breizh Cola


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Coca cola Summary-

Data monitors Coca-Cola Company, The Company Profile is the essential source for top-

level company data and information. The report examines the company's key business

structure and operations, history and products, and provides summary analysis of its key

revenue lines and strategy. The Coca-Cola Company (Coca-Cola) is a leading

manufacturer, distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups,

in the world. The company owns or licenses more than 400 brands, including diet and light

beverages, waters, juice and juice drinks, teas, coffees, and energy and sports drinks. The

company operates in more than 200 countries. Approximately 74% of its products are sold

outside of the US. The company is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia and employs 71,000

people as of September 2006.

The company recorded revenues of $24,088 million during the fiscal year ended December

2006, an increase of 4.3% over 2005. The increase in revenue was primarily due to increase

in sales of unit cases of company's products from approximately 20.6 billion unit cases of

the company's products in 2005 to approximately 21.4 billion unit cases in 2006, The

increase in the Price and product/geographic mix also boosted the revenue growth. The

company-wide gallon sales and unit case volume both grew 4% in 2006 when compared to

2005. The operating profit of the company was $6,308 million during fiscal year 2006, an

increase of 3.7% over 2005. The net profit was $5,080 million in fiscal year 2006, an

increase of 4.3% over 2005


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Scope of the Report

Provides all the crucial company information required for business and competitor

intelligence needs

Contains a study of the major internal and external factors affecting the company in

the form of a SWOT analysis as well as a breakdown and examination of leading

product revenue streams.

The Coca-Cola Company owns minority shares in some of its largest franchises, like Coca-

Cola Enterprises, Coca-Cola Amatol, Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company (CCHBC) and

Coca-Cola FEMSA, but fully independent bottlers produce almost half of the volume sold

in the world. Since independent bottlers add sugar and sweeteners, the sweetness of the

drink differs in various parts of the world, to cater for local tastes. Coca-Cola.

Type of Cola


Country of origin United States

Introduced 1886

Related products Pepsi

RC Cola

Zam Zam Cola

Mecca Cola

Virgin Cola

Parsi Cola

Qibla Cola

Evoca Cola

Coca-Cola is a cola (a type of carbonated soft drink) sold in stores, restaurants and vending

machines in more than 190 countries. It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company and is

often referred to simply as Coke. Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was

invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by

businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the

world soft drink market throughout the 20th century.


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The company actually produces concentrate, which is then sold to various licensed Coca-

Cola bottlers throughout the world. The bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts

with the company, produce finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in

combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute and

merchandise Coca-Cola in cans and bottles to retail stores and vending machines. Such

bottlers include Coca-Cola Enterprises, which is the single largest Coca-Cola bottler in North America, Australia, Asia and Europe. The Coca-Cola Company also sells

concentrate for fountain sales to major restaurants and food service distributors.

New Coke

New Coke stirred up a controversy when it replaced the original Coca-Cola in 1985.

Coca-Cola Classic was reinstated within a few months of New Coke's introduction into the

market.

On April 23, 1985, Coca-Cola, amid much publicity, attempted to change the formula of

the drink. Some authorities believe that New Coke, as the reformulated drink was called,

was invented specifically to respond to its commercial competitor, Pepsi[8] (which had

more lemon oil and less orange oil, and used vanillin rather than vanilla). Double-blind

taste tests indicated that most consumers preferred the taste of Pepsi to Coke. In taste tests,

drinkers were more likely to respond positively to sweeter drinks, and Pepsi had the

advantage over Coke because it was much sweeter. Coca-Cola tinkered with the formula

and created "New Coke". Follow-up taste tests revealed that most consumers preferred the

taste of New Coke to both Coke and Pepsi. The reformulation was led by the then-CEO of

the company, Roberto Goizueta, and the president Don Keough.

It is unclear what part long-time company president Robert W. Woodruff played in the

reformulation. Goizueta claimed that Woodruff endorsed it a few months before his death

in 1985; others have pointed out that, as the two men were alone when the matter wasdiscussed, Goizueta might have misinterpreted the wishes of the dying Woodruff, who

could speak only in monosyllables. It has also been alleged that Woodruff might not have

been able to understand what Goizueta was telling him.

The commercial failure of New Coke therefore came as a grievous blow to the

management of the Coca-Cola Company.


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It is possible that customers would not have noticed the change if it had been made

secretly or gradually, and thus brand loyalty could have been maintained. Coca-Cola

management was unprepared, however, for the nostalgic sentiments the drink aroused in

the American public; some compared changing the Coke formula to rewriting the

American Constitution.

The new Coca-Cola formula subsequently caused a public backlash. Gay Mullins, fromSeattle, Washington, founded the Old Cola Drinkers of America organization, which

attempted to sue the company, and lobbied for the formula of Old Coke to be released into

the public domain. This and other protests caused the company to return to the old formula

under the name Coca-Cola Classic on July 10, 1985. The company was later accused of

performing this volte-face as an elaborate ruse to introduce a new product while reviving

interest in the original. Donald Keough, company president at the time, responded to the

accusation by declaring: "Some critics will say Coca-Cola made a marketing mistake.

Some cynics will say that we planned the whole thing. The truth is we are not that dumb,

and we are not that smart."

The Coca-Cola Company is the world's largest consumer of natural vanilla extract. When

New Coke was introduced in 1985, this had a severe impact on the economy of

Madagascar, a prime vanilla exporter, since New Coke used vanillin, a less-expensive

synthetic substitute. Purchases of vanilla more than halved during this period. But the flop

of New Coke brought a recovery.

Meanwhile, the market share for New Coke had dwindled to only 3% by 1986. The

company renamed the product "Coke II" in 1992 (not to be confused with "Coke C2", a

reduced-sugar cola launched by Coca-Cola in 2004). However, sales falloff caused a severe

cutback in distribution. By 1998, it was sold in only a few places in the Midwestern U.S.

21st century On February 7, 2005, the Coca-Cola Company announced that in the second

quarter of 2005 they planned a launch of a Diet Coke product sweetened with the artificial

sweetener sucralose ("Splenda"), the same sweetener currently used in Pepsi One.


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Production

Formula

Coca-cola and bubbles

The exact formula of Coca-Cola is a famous trade secret. The original copy of the formula

is held in SunTrust Bank's main vault in Atlanta. Its predecessor, the Trust Company, was

the underwriter for the Coca-Cola Company's initial public offering in 1919. A popular

myth states that only two executives have access to the formula, with each executive

having only half the formula. The truth is that while Coca-Cola does have a rule restricting

access to only two executives, each knows the entire formula and others, in addition to the

prescribed duo, have known the formulation process.

Franchised production model

The actual production and distribution of Coca-Cola follows a franchising model. TheCoca-Cola Company only produces a syrup concentrate, which it sells to various bottlers

throughout the world who hold Coca-Cola franchises for one or more geographical areas.

The bottlers produce the final drink by mixing the syrup with filtered water and sugar (or

artificial sweeteners) and then carbonate it before filling it into cans and bottles, which the

bottlers then sell and distribute to retail stores, vending machines, restaurants and food

service distributors.

Name Launched Discontinued Notes Picture

Coca-Cola 1886

Coca-Cola Cherry

1985

Coca-Cola with Lemon

2001 2005 Still available in:

American Samoa, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, China, Denmark, Federation of Bosnia and

Herzegovina, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Iceland, Korea, Luxembourg,

Macau, Malaysia, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Philippines, Reunion, Singapore, South

Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tunisia, United States, and West Bank-Gaza

Coca-Cola Vanilla

2002 2005 Still available in:

Australia, China, Germany, Hong Kong, South Africa, New Zealand (600ml and 350ml

only) and Russia

It was reintroduced in June of 2007 by popular demand 2007


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Coca-Cola C2

2004 2007 Was only available in Japan, Canada, and the United States.

Coca-Cola with Lime

2005 Still available in Belgium.

Coca-Cola Raspberry

June 2005 End of 2005 Was only available in New Zealand.

Coca-Cola M5

2005 Only available in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Germany, Italy,

Spain, Mexico and Brazil

Coca-Cola Black Cherry Vanilla

2006 Middle of 2007 Was replaced by Vanilla Coke in June of 2007

Coca-Cola BlAk

2006 Beginning of 2008 Only available in the United States, France, Canada, Czech

Republic, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Bulgaria

Coca-Cola Citra

2006 Only available in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, New Zealand and

Japan.

Coca-Cola Light Sango2006 Only available in France and Belgium.

Coca-Cola Orange

2007 Only available in United Kingdom


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Coca-Cola in the new aluminum bottle.

The famous Coca-Cola logo was created by John Pemberton's bookkeeper, Frank Mason

Robinson, in 1885. It was Robinson who came up with the name, and he also chose the

logos distinctive cursive script. The typeface used, known as Spencerian script, was

developed in the mid 19th century and was the dominant form of formal handwriting in the

United States during that period.

The equally famous Coca-Cola bottle, called the "contour bottle" within the company, but

known to some as the "hobble skirt" bottle, was created in 1915 by bottle designer, Earl R.

Dean. In 1915, the Coca-Cola Company launched a competition among its bottle suppliers

to create a new bottle for the beverage that would distinguish it from other beverage

bottles... "a bottle which a person could recognize even if they felt it in the dark, and so

shaped that, even if broken, a person could tell at a glance what it was". Chapman J. Root,

president of the Root Glass Company, turned the project over to members of his

supervisory staff including company auditor T. Clyde Edwards, plant superintendent

Alexander Samuelson and Earl R. Dean, bottle designer and supervisor of the bottle

molding room.

Root and his subordinates decided to base the bottles design on one of the sodas two

ingredients, the coca leaf or the cola nut, but were unaware of what either ingredient looked

like. Dean and Edwards went to the Emeline Fairbanks Memorial Library and were unable

to find any information about coca or cola. Instead they were inspired by a picture of the

gourd-shaped cocoa pod in the Encyclopdia Britannica which Chapman Root approved as

the model for the prototype.

Faced with the upcoming scheduled maintenance of the mold-making machinery, over the

next 24 hours Dean sketched out and created the mold for the bottle. Dean then molded a

small number of bottles before the glass-molding machinery was turned off.

Chapman Root approved the prototype bottle and a design patent was issued on the bottle

in November, 1915. The bottle was chosen over other entries at the bottlers convention in

1916 and was on the market the same year. By 1920, Deans contoured bottle became the

standard for the Coca-Cola Company. Today, the contour Coca-Cola bottle is one of the

most recognized packages on the planet..."even in the dark!

As a reward for his efforts, Dean was offered a choice between a $500 bonus or a lifetime

job at the Root Glass Company.


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He chose the lifetime job and kept it until the Owens-Illinois Glass Company bought out

the Root Glass Company in the mid 1930s. Dean went on to work in other Midwestern

glass factories.

Although endorsed by some, this version of events is not considered authoritative by many

who cite its implausibility as difficult to believe. One alternative depiction has Raymond

Loewy as the inventor of the unique design, but although Loewy did serve as a designer ofCoke cans and bottles in later years, he was in the French Army in the year the bottle was

invented and did not migrate to the United States until 1919. Others have attributed

inspiration for the design not to the cacao pod, but to a Victorian hooped dress.

In 1997, Coca-Cola also introduced a "contour can", similar in shape to their famous bottle,

on a few test markets, including Terre Haute, Indiana. This new can was however never

widely released.

A new slim and tall can has begun to appear in Australia as of December 20, 2006, which

costs an average of $2AUD. The cans have a distinct resemblance to energy drinks that are

popular with the teenage demographic. It is unknown if this design is of limited edition or

may soon replace the current 355 ml cans that have been used in the past (the new slim

cans are 300 ml, making the volume to cost ratio even smaller).

In January 2007, Coca-Cola Canada changed "Coca-Cola Classic" labelling, removing the

"Classic" designation, leaving only "Coca-Cola". Coca-Cola stated this is merely a name

change and the product remains the same. The cans still bear the "Classic" logo in the

United States.

Coca-Cola is a registered trademark in most countries around the world and should always

be written with the hyphen and not as "Coca Cola". The US trademark was registered in the

United States Patent Office on 31 January 1893. In the UK Coca-Cola was registered with

the UK Patent Office on 11 July 1922, under registration number 427817.

In 2007, Coca-Cola introduced an aluminum can that is designed to look like the original

glass bottles that Coca-Cola was first distributed in.

In 2008, the Coca-Cola logo on cans and bottles has changed, retaining the red color andfamiliar typeface but taking branding back in time by removing much of the clutter on the

can, leaving only the logo and a plain white swirl-- the "dynamic ribbon".


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Local competitors

Pepsi is often second to Coke in terms of sales, but outsells Coca-Cola in some localities.

Around the world, some local brands do compete with Coke. In South and Central

America, Kola Real, known as Big Cola in Mexico, is a fast growing competitor to Coca-

Cola. On the French island of Corsica, Corsica Cola, made by brewers of the local Pietra

beer, is a growing competitor to Coca-Cola. In the French region of Bretagne, Breizh Cola

is available. In Peru, Inca Kola outsells Coca-Cola. However, The Coca-Cola Company

purchased the brand in 1999. In Sweden, Julmust outsells Coca-Cola during the Christmas

season. In Scotland, the locally-produced Irn-Bru was more popular than Coca-Cola until

2005, when Coca-Cola and Diet Coke began to outpace its sales. In India, Coca-Cola

ranked third behind the leader, Pepsi-Cola, and local drink Thums Up. However, The Coca-

Cola Company purchased Thums Up in 1993. As of 2004, Coca-Cola held a 60.9% market-

share in India. Tropicola, a domestic drink, is served in Cuba instead of Coca-Cola, in

which there exists a United States embargo. Mecca Cola and Qibla Cola, in the Middle

East, is a competitor to Coca-Cola.

In Turkey, Cola Turka is a major competitor to Coca-Cola. In Iran and also many countries

of Middle East, Zam Zam Cola and Parsi Cola are major competitors to Coca-Cola. In

some parts of China, Future cola or can be bought. In Slovenia, the locally-produced

Cockta is a major competitor to Coca-Cola, as is the inexpensive Mercator Cola, which is

sold only in the country's biggest supermarket chain, Mercator. In Madagascar, Classiko

Cola, made by Tiko Group, the largest manufacturing company in the country, is a serious

competitor to Coca-Cola in many regions. On the Portuguese island of Madeira, Laranjada

is the top selling soft drink. In the UK Coca-Cola stated that Pepsi was not its main rival,

but rather Robinsons drinks.

Advertising

An 1890s advertisement showing model Hilda Clark in formal 19th century attire. The ad isentitled Drink Coca-Cola 5.

Coca-Cola's advertising has had a significant impact on American culture, and is frequently

credited with the "invention" of the modern image of Santa Claus as an old man in red-and-

white garments; however, while the company did in fact start promoting this image in the

1930s in its winter advertising campaigns, it was already common before that. In fact,

Coca-Cola was not even the first soft drink company to utilize the modern image Santa


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Claus in its advertising White Rock Beverages used Santa in advertisements for its

ginger ale in 1923 after first using him to sell mineral water in 1915.

Before Santa Claus, however, Coca-Cola relied on images of smartly-dressed young

women to sell its beverages. Coca-Cola's first such advertisement appeared in 1895 and

featured a young Bostonian actress named Hilda Clark as its spokesperson.

In the 1970s, a song from a Coca-Cola commercial called "I'd Like to Teach the World to

Sing", produced by Billy Davis, became a popular hit single.

Coca-Cola has a policy of avoiding using children younger than the age of 12 in any of its

advertising. This decision was made as a result of a lawsuit from the beginning of the 20th

century that alleged that Coke's caffeine content was dangerous to children. However, in

recent times, this has not stopped the company from targeting young consumers.

Coke's advertising is rather pervasive, as one of Woodruff's stated goals was to ensure that

everyone on Earth drank Coca-Cola as their preferred beverage. This is especially true in

southern areas of the United States, such as Atlanta, where Coke was born.

Some of the memorable Coca-Cola television commercials between 1960 through 1986,

were written and produced by former Atlanta radio veteran Don Naylor (WGST 1936-

1950, WAGA 1951-1959) during his career as a producer for the McCann Erickson

advertising agency. Many of these early television commercials for Coca-Cola featured

movie stars, sports heroes, and popular singers of the day.

During the 1980s, Pepsi-Cola ran a series of television advertisements showing people

participating in taste tests essentially demonstrating that: "Fifty percent of the participants

who said they preferred Coke actually chose the Pepsi". Statisticians were quick to point

out the problematic nature of a 50/50 result; that most likely all this really showed was that

in blind tests, most people simply cannot tell the difference between Pepsi and Coke. Coca-

Cola ran ads to combat Pepsi's ads in an incident sometimes referred to as the cola wars;

one of Coke's ads compared the so-called Pepsi challenge to two chimpanzees decidingwhich tennis ball was furrier. Thereafter, Coca-Cola regained its leadership in the market.

Selena was a spokesperson for Coca-Cola from 1989 till the time of her death. She filmed

three commercials for the company. In 1994 to commemorate her 5 years with the

company, Coca-Cola issued special Selena coke bottles.

In an attempt to broaden its portfolio, Coca-Cola purchased Columbia Pictures in 1982.


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Columbia provided subtle publicity through Coke product placements in many of its films

while under Coke's ownership. However, after a few early successes, Columbia began to

under-perform, and was dropped by the company in 1989.

Coca-Cola has gone through a number of different advertising slogans in its long history,

including "The pause that refreshes", "I'd like to buy the world a Coke", and "Coke is it"

(see Coca-Cola slogans). In 2006, Coca-Cola introduced My Coke Rewards, a customerloyalty campaign where consumers earn virtual "points" by entering codes from special

marked packages of Coca-Cola products into a website. These points can in turn be

redeemed for various prizes or sweepstakes entries.

Coca-Cola was the first-ever sponsor of the Olympic games, at the 1928 games in

Amsterdam and has been an Olympics sponsor ever since. This corporate sponsorship

included the 1996 Summer Olympics hosted in Atlanta, which allowed Coca-Cola to

spotlight its hometown. Since 1978 Coca-Cola has sponsored each FIFA World Cup and

other competitions organised by FIFA. In fact, one of the FIFA tournament trophy: FIFA

World Youth Championship from Tunisia in 1977 to Malaysia in 1997 was called "FIFA -

Coca Cola Cup". In addition, Coca-Cola sponsors the annual Coca-Cola 600 for the

NASCAR Sprint Cup Series at Lowe's Motor Speedway in Charlotte, North Carolina.

Coca-Cola has a long history of sports marketing relationships, which over the years have

included Major League Baseball, the National Football League, National Basketball

Association and the National Hockey League, as well as with many teams within those

leagues. Coca-Cola is the official soft drink of many collegiate football teams throughout

the nation.

In India Coca Cola was the one of the official Sponsors of the 1996 Cricket World Cup.

In England, Coca-Cola is the main sponsor of The Football League, a name given to the

three professional divisions below the Premier League in football (soccer).

It is also responsible for the renaming of these divisions- until the advent of Coca-Colasponsorship, they were referred to as Divisions One, Two and Three. Since 2004, the

divisions have been known as The Championship (equiv. of Division 1), League One

(equiv. of Div. 2) and League 2 (equiv. of Division 3). This renaming has caused unrest

amongst some fans who see it as farcical that the third tier of English Football is now called

"League One." In 2005 Coca-cola launched a competition for the 72 clubs of the football

league - it was called "Win a Player".


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This allowed fans to place 1 vote per day for their beloved club, with 1 entry being chose at

random earning 250,000 for the club. This was repeated in 2006. The "Win A Player"

competition was very controversial, as at the end of the 2 competitions, Leeds United AFC

had the most votes by more than double, yet they did not win any money to spend on a new

player for the club. In 2007 the competition changed to "Buy a Player". This competition

allowed fans to buy a bottle of Coca-Cola Zero or Coca-Cola and submit the code on thewrapper on the Coca-Cola website {www.coca-colafootball.co.uk}. This code could then

earn anything from 50p to 100,000 for a club of their choice. This competition was

favoured over the old "Win A Player" competition as it allowed all clubs to win some

money, instead of all the money going to one winning club

In Mass Media

The Coca-Cola marque has appeared in countless films like The Coca-Cola Kid, and in

television. However, the only time that it became the reason for a film story was in the

South African movie The Gods Must Be Crazy. A Coca-Cola bottle became the reason for

a Bushman to seek the ends of the Earth "because it is evil," as it caused his family to come

close to disarray, and he must throw it there to get rid of it.

Criticisms

The Coca-Cola Company has been criticized for its business practices as well as the alleged

adverse health effects of its flagship product. A common criticism of Coke based on its

allegedly toxic acidity levels has been found to be baseless by researchers; lawsuits based

on these criticisms have been dismissed by several American courts for this reason.

Since there are indications that "soda and sweetened drinks are the main source of calories

in [the] American diet, most nutritionists advise that Coca-Cola and other soft drinks can be

harmful if consumed excessively, particularly to young children whose soft drink

consumption competes with, rather than complements, a balanced diet. Studies have shownthat regular soft drink users have a lower intake of calcium (which can contribute to

osteoporosis), magnesium, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, and vitamin.


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The drink has also aroused criticism for its use of caffeine, due to the possibility of physical

dependence.

Although numerous court cases have been filed against The Coca-Cola Company since the

1920s, alleging that the acidity of the drink is dangerous, no evidence corroborating this

claim has been found. Under normal conditions, scientific evidence indicates Coca-Cola'sacidity causes no immediate harm.

There is also some concern regarding the usage of high fructose corn syrup in the

production of Coca-Cola. Since 1985 in the U.S., Coke has been made with high fructose

corn syrup, instead of sugar glucose or fructose, to reduce costs. This has come under

criticism because of concerns that the corn used to produce corn syrup may come from

genetically altered plants. Some nutritionists also caution against consumption of high

fructose corn syrup because of possible links to obesity and type-2 diabetes.

In India, there exists a major controversy concerning pesticides and other harmful

chemicals in bottled products including Coca-Cola. In 2003, the Centre for Science and

Environment (CSE), a non-governmental organization in New Delhi, said aerated waters

produced by soft drinks manufacturers in India, including multinational giants PepsiCo and

Coca-Cola, contained toxins including lindane, DDT, malathion and chlorpyrifos

pesticides that can contribute to cancer and a breakdown of the immune system. Tested

products included Coke, Pepsi, and several other soft drinks, many produced by The Coca-

Cola Company. CSE found that the Indian produced Pepsi's soft drink products had 36

times the level of pesticide residues permitted under European Union regulations; Coca-

Cola's soft drink was found to have 30 times the permitted amount. CSE said it had tested

the same products sold in the US and found no such residues. After the pesticide

allegations were made in 2003, Coca-Cola sales declined by 15%. In 2004, an Indian

parliamentary committee backed up CSE's findings, and a government-appointed

committee was tasked with developing the world's first pesticide standards for soft drinks.

The Coca-Cola Company has responded that its plants filter water to remove potentialcontaminants and that its products are tested for pesticides and must meet minimum health

standards before they are distributed. In the Indian state of Kerala, sale and production of

Coca-Cola, along with other soft drinks, was initially banned, before the High Court in

Kerala overturned the ban ruling that only the federal government can ban food products.

Coca-Cola has also been accused of excessive water usage in India.


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Pepsi and Coke

The article states that it is a "common" misconception that Pepsi is made by the Coke

company. Unless someone can find some published sources that show that this is a

"common" misconception, I think the verbiage should be removed. (Indeed, I doubt if youcould find one person in a hundred who would think that Pepsi is made by the Coca-Cola

Company.) I agree, so I've removed the unsourced information about the "misconception."

I think a surprising claim like this requires.

That's one of the weirdest claims I've seen in a while. Why would Pepsi have commercials

where Coke cans get crushed in various ways if they were owned by the same company?

Maybe it could be a more common misconception in foreign countries, but definitely not in

the US with the way they advertise.

Medicine?

My teacher told me that coke acts as a medicine for flu and fever. Is it true?

Coke can be effective in treating Gastroenteritis, sometimes known as 'Gastric Flu'. I

myself was instructed by my doctor to drink large quantities of Coke whilst suffering from

this complaint some years ago. The drink is effective largely through re-introducing a good

mix of salt and sugar to the system - Diet Coke is no use, it has to be the full fat 'red can'

type.

Edited out the "Phosphoric Acid" paranoia.

More anti-corporate stupidity I suppose. Whoever put that shit in their is a verifiable

moron. The paragraph was inserted originally because of, get this, ONE study showed a

POSSIBLE link to... blah blah. Before reinserting, please give us more research.

Company or Drink?

A lot of the article seems to be about the company (third paragraph in the intro), instead of

the drink. Since there is already another article for the company, maybe a lot of that can be

removed.

Coca cola in Cuba

There was a section in which the article stated that "Tropicola, a domestic drink, is served

in Cuba instead of Coca-Cola, in which there exists a United States embargo". This is not

100% true. "Tu Cola" is a LARGE substitute for Coke; however, Coca-cola CAN be found

rather easily in Cuba where it has circumvented the US embargo via imports from Mexican

bottling plants.


24/78

Relevance of mental health

How is it relevant to the specific paragraph that Mr. Pemberton was addicted to morphine

at the time he sold exclusive rights to Candler, and how is it relevant that his son was an

alcoholic? These descriptive terms seem ill-placed and out of context. Insert non-formatted

text here

Coke logoThe coke logo on the page is tagged as both non-free and as public domain. Which is the

case? Where did the specific file come from? If it came from the coke website, it is

probably not public domain. Even though the logo is old, the oldest version I pulled up

from uspto would be public domain, the current version of the logo is different (albeit only

slightly). Whatever though, not my point exactly; someone should decide which tag is

appropriate and get rid of the other. I briefly considered making an svg of the logo, but if it

is not public domain, it would be kinda stupid.

Coke in popular culture

Would it be appropriate to include a section/article on Coca-Cola in popular culture? This

could include the deleted product placement section mentioned earlier, as well as expplicit

Coke references in film (By this I mean references that actually have consequences in the

film, or take more than just a second- the reference to "Old Coke, new Coke...(etc.)" in

being a good example), or other media (For example the BBC "banning" "Lola (song)" and

"Come Together" due to references to Coca-Cola?

Although somewhat dubious about Popular Culture sections, which can quickly get out of

hand and become just another Trivia section, if the 'consequences' criterion mentioned

above was enforced then I'd tend to support it. Best example that comes to mind is The

Gods Must Be Crazy, where almost the entire plot turns on a Coke bottle... Cheers.

To Forrcrissakes

It's nice to know you love Coke. I too love Coke, and would gladly pick it over Pepsi

(although I still drink Mountain Dew). However, to blank an entire article just to express

your love, I think, is a little extreme. Elwin Blaine Coldiron.Question

Would like a clarification. "The famous Coca-Cola logo was created by John Pemberton's

bookkeeper, Frank Mason Robinson, in 1885.". The logo was created a year before the

product ?

Why not? That's what often happens nowadays. It shouldn't be too surprising that it

happened 100 years ago too.


25/78

In the film 'On the Beach' based on Nevil Shute's book, after a nuclear battle, curious

random telegraphic signals are detected by a submarine patrol, which were generated in a

deserted area by a Coca-Cola bottle nudging a telegraphic key only when disturbed by a

breeze.

Passover Coca ColaIt's been suggested, that Passover Coca Cola be merged with Coca-Cola. Now that I've

cleaned it up, it's barely a paragraph. I didn't see an open discussion here, regarding the

merge, and, since the merge tag for Passover Coca Cola directs users here to discuss it, I

thought I'd start one.

Comment The relevant information is already at Criticism of Coca-Cola, where it should

stay. I don't think it would fit anywhere in Coca-Cola. As to whether we should send

Passover Coca Cola to AfD, I don't care one way or another. We should at least leave it as a

redirect to Criticism of Coca-Cola. Ichormosquito.

Huh? That's a bizarre place to have it redirect. What's Passover Coke got to do with

criticism? It's not a criticism, it's just a barely-notable wrinkle in the formulation.

PS: Definitely merge.

Where in Coca-Cola would you suggest putting it? There isn't a "Coca-Cola and culture"

section that I can see. Passover Coca-Cola is a natural fit next to the high-fructose corn

syrup controversy, which is written up at Criticism of Coca-Cola.

It belongs under a "formulation" section - if there isn't one we can create one. Or just create

a new section for "Passover Coca-Cola". It definitely doesn't need its own article, but nor

does it belong under "controversy" since it isn't at all controversial.

The thing is, I don't think Passover Coca-Cola merits its own section. Giving it one on

Coca-Cola would afford the issue undue weight. The mention of Passover Coke atCriticism of Coca-Cola serves the valuable function of fleshing out the high fructose corn

syrup controversy; and that Orthodox Jews refrain from drinking Coke with high fructose

corn syrup on Passover is, in some sense, criticism.

I didn't realize there was a Coca-Cola formula article. The relevant stuff at Passover Coca-

Cola could probably be dovetailed into both Coca-Cola formula and Criticism of Coca-


26/78

Cola, but it fits better in "Criticism". The subject is criticism in so far as every single source

listed at Passover Coca-Cola focuses on "American Coca-Cola connoisseurs", not

Orthodox Jews, who prize Passover coke for its use of cane sugar instead of high fructose

corn syrup. I'm not sure what I was thinking when I wrote that Jews' refraining from the

high fructose corn syrup recipe is in itself criticism; if it is criticism, it is only such in an

abstract, irrelevant sense. Anyway, considering the sources at Passover Coca-Cola, I

change my opinion to a definite merge to Criticism of Coca-Cola. Ichormosquitothe main coke article has basically nothing on this and the other types of coke have their

own pages. why should this be different? if the agreement was that it should be merged into

criticism why was it merged into the main article?

Making the Pepsi and Coca-Cola pages similar

I was just looking at the Pepsi page and these two articles have a different layout -- I think

it would be better if it was unified. For example, breaking out a list of cola flavors like List

of Pepsi types. Also, I added a Trivia section for the Kingdom of Loathing parody.

Like your idea of commonality in layout between the two pages. Bit dubious about the

Trivia section, however. First off, it's probably more correctly an "Appearances in popular

culture" instance than just "Trivia". Secondly, though, there must be a million such pop

culture references, where do you stop? I thought there might even be a page called "Coca-

Cola in popular culture" but apparently not - and perhaps just as well...!

I also oppose the Trivia section. Those sections are generally frowned upon here. A

product/company with one of the most recognizable brands in the world is clearly going to

be the subject of many, many popular culture mentions; more than we could ever hope to

deal with here. Also, many pop-culture appearances by Coca-Cola (and Diet Coke and

other products) are product placement - paid appearances used as marketing and those

really shouldn't be rewarded with mention here.

Bad date in history?The sentence "However, the earliest advertisement image still available appears to be an

April 26, 1987 ad from the Columbus Daily Enquirer in Ohio." seems wrong; probably

mean 1887, not 1987.


27/78


28/78

Coke and Labor

Coke internationally has practiced to stop labor unions at its plants. When I posted a

discussion article with sites to murders at the coke plant in Colombia that article was

deleted. The article violated none of the posting rules and was informative. Why doesn't

wikipedia want critisim of coke's labor practices posted on this site?

First of all, this page is about the drink, not the company. Second, your screed was

completely unsourced and defamatory. Third, the mere fact that they don't want unions is

hardly notable - what employer does want them?

I understand your post and do not agree it was defamatory but what is a screed?

Relative of Pemberton?

I have a neigbor who claims to be related to the orignal inventor of Coca-Cola. He claims

"I would be rich if he didnt sell the recipie" Is this relevant enough to post?

Logo

Is the logo really in the Public Domain? Can I use it for stuff?then why does the image say

its in the public domain?Because sometimes the issues of copyright and trademark are

conflated on Wikipedia which leads to confusion. The logo is protected under trademark

laws.

New Coke Image

Why is the new coke ad scheduled for speedy deletion? It seems to fit well there.

Henry Applegarth

While it may be his favorite drink, it's probably among the less important facts and should

be at the very bottom of the article, if included at all. Probably not in the opening sentence.

That's called vandalism, don'cha know.

Coca-Cola Enterprises

I'm pretty sure this group does not bottle for the Australian market, as is suggested in the

introductory paragraph, and in fact its article states that its range is North America and

Western Europe. Can any experts confirm this?


29/78

Self-Contradiction

It is along the lines of "The shortened name of the drink is Coke. Koke did not catch on."

Can someone please verify this? P.S. I am adding the template.How do you figure that's a

self-contradiction? "Koke", if true, was in the 1880s. "Coke" was later.

Please add: Coca-Cola cans collection by Ronen Liwski

i think this should be added to the article. the landing page will be the website's gallery

page including a special coca-cola can made especially for Ronen Liwski for putting his

collection at the coca cola company visitors center in Israel.

Coca

The section regarding the use of coca leaves cites an article from the Washington Times

that I could not find anywhere in their archived articles. I search from 1990 to 2007, for thetitle, author, coca and drink, coca, and the Stepan Company and could not find the article

cited. A google search turned up only wikipedia references to this article. I think we should

consider removing this assertion until a readable copy of this article is made available. The

link provided takes you to the front page of the Washington Times, not to the purported

article.There are several links that talk about it. Which particular link is the problem link?

Baseball Bugs Also see my response at Talk. An update link has been added here as well to

support the coca extract details.

It was the Washington Times link that was the problem, but I am satisfied by the N. Y.

Times link that was added. Wasn't that I doubted so much as that I wanted to make sure it

was a true citation.

Random comments in New Coke

Looking at the article, there's a random comment planted right in the middle of the section

on New Coke: "Also Coca-Cola is very harmful to your liver, as some recent studies

suggest. To avoid these problems don't breath in the fumes when you first open the can."

Sounds like a stupid urban legend, it's unreferenced, and it's completely out of place--even

more so by the opening "Also" since it has nothing to do with the previous sentence (which

is about comparing changing the Coke formula to rewriting the Constitution).

CEO has changed

Hey, Coca Cola has a new CEO: Muhtar Kent. He will be in charge from 1st July 2008 on.

The news are below His story.


30/78

If Wiki isn't kept up to date with current events it is pointless. I added more references, but

the FACT is that the movie has made controversy and that some on the right are naming its

associated advertisers in their criticisms. If this continues to be censored I have serous

doubts about the integrity of Wiki. Corporations or people that get themselves involved in

controversy should not be shielded from having those current events documented on Wiki.

If you want to join the conversation, we're talking about this subject on a Burger King

article too.Please review Wikipedia's policies on neutral point of view. You have justarrived here and appear to be clearly pushing an agenda with an aggressive campaign to

add specific content to various articles. The cites you are using are not reliable sources, nor

do the cited articles/pages directly criticize Coca-Cola, but rather just mention the company

as a marketing partner. Furthermore, when representing various points of view, Wikipedia

does not have air extreme minority opinions that would give them undue weight nor should

it cover events/opinions that would be considered trivial and non-notable, as is this case.

Your addition is inappropriate for multiple reasons and multiple editors have indicated that.

First, you have no idea how long I've been around, just when I registered. If anyone is

violating the neutrality of this site I think it's you and Jerem. The interesting thing here is

that if Jeremy hadn't tracked me over here to undo my comment you would be the only

Editor with a problem in this article. You disagree with the sources I cited - I do too. But

the fact still remains that there is controversy. If the right-wingers mentioned started

boycotting Coca-Cola tomorrow would you censor that too?

Blohme, don't let them goad you into a personal attack comment only on the edits, not the

editor. Autiger; I don't really see how a single, properly cited sentence about the opinions

of Catholic groups violate it would rather seem to enhance it to me. For my points about

other policies and guidelines cited, read my comments over at

To the former Blohme; have you edited previously under yet another name before Blohme?

Further, if you have been editing, you should clearly know better to violate the as you most

certainly did last night. Not only that, but you have just misrepresented the history as notonly I, but three other editors reverted/removed your addition with reasons why it was

improper. In addition to the reasons previously cited, this is the wrong article for the "airing

of grievances" against the company that produces the product Coca-Cola. You have

addressed none of the concerns I or other editors have raised - you have produced no

reliable source describing criticism of Coca-Cola for sponsoring the movie, only a clearly

POV website commentary that mentions Coca-Cola in passing while criticizing the movie


31/78

Regarding undue weight; if we were to add every tiny crackpot complaint or criticism

against TCCC, the page would never finish loading. You still haven't shown where there is

any substantial weight or movement behind this criticism that takes it beyond a trivial

concern - will anyone care about this next year?

The fact that you now claim to be an experienced editor and yet saw fit to violate here andother places to insert a non-notable, extreme minority mention of a 'criticism' point to an

agenda on your part. As your spurious claim of censorship, if you show me a NYTimes

article that says Coca-Cola is being boycotted over the Golden Compass, I'll be more than

happy to see it in the Coca-cola criticisms article.

There are 1.13 billion Catholics worldwide (roughly 4-5x the population of the US) - an

opinion in a population that large should not be considered to be fringe unless it is fringe

inside of that population - not fringe from your POV. Your entire justification for

spamming the Undo button - at first at least - was that you considered the source to be

extremist. That is why I pulled the censorship card and why I wouldn't let you and Jeremy

try and "shout me down" by spamming Undo. My "spurious" claims of censorship are only

matched by your spurious claims of POV and "extremist" sources.

That said, I don't have a problem with the decision by the admins, I obviously read it

differently the first time through but please know that if this conversation had started

differently, and if you and Jeremy hadn't screamed "extremist POV" and spammed the

Undo button we probably could have come to the same conclusion on our own. The two of

you immediately went into attack mode for reasons COMPLETELY different than the

admin decision was made on. I hope I never run into you again... cheers!

At no time did I say it was an extremist POV, I stated that your sources were unreliable and

did not meet the standards of WP. I did state that one of the cites was considered extremistby several groups. Additionally, it was four separate editors undid your edits not just me,

two of those included administrators that responded to my RfC. Please stop distorting the

facts, attacks against other contributors will get you blocked.

Again, the reasons given for you spamming the Undo button were not the reason the

admins removed it.


32/78


33/78

Limca

Type Lemon-lime soda


Country of origin India

Introduced 1977

Related products Coca-Cola, 7 Up, Sprite

Limca is a lemon and lime flavoured carbonated soft drink made in India and certain parts

of the U.S. It is less bubbly than its American counterparts like Seven Up and Sprite, and it

has a slight flavor of ginger.

In 1992, when the government allowed Coca-Cola to return, at the same time as it admitted

Pepsi for the first time, Coca-Cola bought Limca, Thums Up, Maaza and other drink

brands.

Like othersodas, Limca is generally sold in glass bottles within India, which are returned

to the store or restaurant after the contents have been drunk. The bottles are sent back to the

manufacturer, washed and reused, because they are more expensive than the drink itself.

Limca also publishes the Limca Book of Records, a record book similar to the Guinness

Book of Records. The Limca Book of Records details feats, records and other unique

statistics from an Indian perspective. One of Limca's original and very popular taglines was"Limca. It's veri veri Lime & Lemoni." In India reigning top Hindi film actress and actors

are generally chosen as models for the product.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thums_Uphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maazahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_drinkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Limca-logo.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thums_Uphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maazahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_drink


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Sprite Type Lemon-lime Manufacturer The Coca-Cola Company Country of origin

Germany Introduced 1929 Litigated Lemon)1961 (as Sprite) Color Clear Related products Coca-Cola 7 Up

History


35/78

Sprite was introduced in the United States in 1961 to compete against 7-Up. In the 1980s,

many years after Sprite's introduction, Coke pressured its large bottlers that distributed 7

Up to replace the competitor with the Coca-Cola product. In large part due to the strength

of the Coca-Cola system of bottlers, Sprite finally became the market leader position in the

lemon-lime soda category in 1978. Sprite was introduced in Norway in 1998.

Marketing

Over the years, Sprite advertising has used the portmanteau word "lymon," combining the

words "lemon" and "lime," to describe the flavor of the drink.

Sprite's slogans in the 60s and 70s ranged from "Taste Its Tingling Tartness," "Naturally

Tart," and "It's a Natural!"

A melon ball is referenced in the Freezepop song "secret Bonus Song" that appears at the

end of their "Fashion Impression Function" EP.

The song is otherwise known as "Sprite" or "Melonball Bounce" and was originally

composed by Raymond Scott for a Sprite radio commercial around 1963, that references

the "ice-tart taste" of Sprite.

Sprite started its most memorable campaign in the early 1980s with the word "Great

Lymon Taste makes it Sprite" which remained on the logo for many years. However, this

was never the actual Sprite slogan and was advertised byJim Varney asErnest P. Worrell.

By the 1980's Sprite began to have a big following among teenagers, So in 1987 marketing

ads for the product were changed to cater to that demographic. "I Like the Sprite in You"

was their first long running slogan. Many versions of the jingle were made during that time

to fit various genres. The slogan was used until 1994.

In 1994 Sprite created a newer logo that stood out from their previous logos. The main

coloring of the product's new logo was blue blending into green with silver "splashes," and

subtle small white bubbles were on the background of the logo. The word "Sprite" had a

blue backdrop shadow on the logo, and the words "Great Lymon Taste!" were removed

from the logo. This was the official U.S. logo until 2006.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freezepophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freezepop


36/78

During 1994, the slogan was also changed to "Obey Your Thirst" and was set to the urban

crowd with a hip-hop theme song. One of the first lyrics for the new slogan were, "Never

forget yourself 'cause first things first, grab a cold, cold can, and Obey your thirst."

Toward the late 90s most of Sprite's advertisements featured amateur and famous

basketball players. The tagline for most of these ads was, "Image is nothing. Thirst is

everything. Obey your thirst."

In 1998, one infamous commercial poked fun at products with cartoon mascots. In the

commercial, a mother serves up two glasses of a fictitious product called "Sun Fizz" for her

kids. The kids are thrilled, saying that it's their favorite. Then the product's mascot, a sun

character with blue eyes, a red bow tie, and a high-pitched Mickey Mouse-like voice, pops

out saying that "there's a delicious ray of sunshine in every drop." The mother and her kids

scream in horror and run while the sun character chases them around the house asking why

they're running from him. After the mom trips and tells her kids to keep running, the vieweris left to wonder what will happen to her. Finally, the commercial's message is given:

"Trust your gut, not some cartoon character."

In the 1990s, one of Sprite's longest-running ad campaigns was "Grant Hill Drinks Sprite"

(overlapping its "Obey Your Thirst" campaign), in which the well-liked basketball player's

abilities, and Sprite's importance in giving him his abilities, were humorously exaggerated.

Also in the 1990s, Sprite launched the short-lived but memorable "Jooky" ad campaign.

The 30-second television spots poked fun at other soft drinks' perceived lack of

authenticity, ridiculous loyalty programs and, in particular, the grandiose, bandwagon-

driven style of advertising popular among other soft drink manufacturers, notably Pepsi.

The tagline for these spots was "Image is nothing. Thirst is everything. Obey your thirst."

In 2000, Sprite commissioned graffiti artist Temper to design a limited edition can whichsaw the design on 100 million cans across Europe.

In 2004, Coke created Miles Thirst, a vinyl doll voiced by Reno Wilson, used in

advertising to exploit the hip-hop market for soft drinks.


37/78

In June 2006, the new horizontal Sprite logo began to make its debut on Sprite bottles and

cans. The slogan was changed from its long running "Obey Your Thirst" to just "Obey."

The advertisement themes received their first major change for this decade as well.

Sprite's ads now feature several fast subliminal scenes and messages that can be pointed out

when played back in slow motion. As with most modern commercials, many of these

videos can be seen online. The "Sublymonal" campaign was also used as part of the

alternate reality game The Lost Experience This also resurrected the "lymon" word.

In the UK, it is recognized by its slogan "Get the Right Sprite," based on ads containing an

alternate sprite, a green sickly goblin that causes irritation and trouble to those who acquire

it by accident.

Variations

Sprite Zero: This sugar-free version was originally produced in the United States

as "Sugar Free Sprite" in 1974, then was renamed to "Diet Sprite" in 1983. In other

countries, it was known as "Sprite Light." In September 2004, it was rebranded as

"Diet Sprite Zero." Since then, it has become "Sprite Zero (Sprite Z)" in Argentina,

Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, mainland China, Europe, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and

New Zealand. "Diet" was dropped from the product's name, to become simply

"Sprite Zero," when new logos debuted in June 2006. The "Zero" designation for

low-calorie sodas from the Coca-Cola Company was first used on Diet Sprite Zero

before being used on the flagship Zero product, Coca-Cola Zero.

Sprite Remix: Fruit-flavored variations first introduced in the United States in

2003. A different flavor was available in 2004, and finally 2005. Its production has

been around 11.6 billion bottles per year.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprite_Zerohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprite_Remixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprite_Zerohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprite_Remix


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Three Sprite cans produced in mainland China (from left to right): Sprite Icy Mint, Sprite

On Fire, and Sprite

Sprite Ice: A mint-flavored Sprite that made its debut in Korea in 2002 as "Sprite

Blue," "Sprite Ice" in Canada, and '"Sprite Ice Cube" in Belgium in 2003. "Sprite

Ice Blue" was introduced in Italy and mainland China in 2004, and in Chile in the

summer of 2005. There is also "Sprite Lemon Lime Mint."

Sprite Duo: A variation of Sprite with lemon juice and less carbonation and sugar

that is available in Spain in cans and PET bottles. It was introduced in spring 2007.

[7]

Sprite on Fire: A ginger-flavored variation marketed as having a burning

sensation. It was introduced in Hong Kong in 2003. This flavor also debuted in

mainland China in 2004. Available in some areas as "Sprite Finger Lemon."

Sprite Super Lemon: Introduced in Hong Kong in 2003.

Sprite Dry Lemon: Not available in U.S.

Sprite Lemon Lime Herb: Not available in U.S.

Sprite 3G: An Energy drink produced to rival Red Bull. It contains Glucose,

caffeine from Green coffee beans and Guarana. It has been advertised as the "new

addition to the Sprite family," a Sprite baby. Glassworks (the company that does the

ads for the Sprite drink) had developed the next generation of the trademark Sprite

goblin and the phrase, "It keeps you sharp. Sprite 3G has since been discontinued

in the UK.

Sprite Recharge: An energy drink.

Chinotto: Marketed as lemon-lime soda in some countries in South America as a

replacement for Sprite (Sprite uses the name "Chinotto" in countries such as

Venezuela). Its taste is very similar to Sprite.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprite_Icehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprite_(soft_drink)#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chinaspritecans.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprite_Icehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprite_(soft_drink)#cite_note-6


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Sprite Super Chilled: An anticipated product that uses technology that will create

ice inside the bottle once opened.

Sprite Green: Announced December 17, 2008, Sprite Green will be sweetened

with Trivial (a natural zero-calorie sweetener made from Stevia)

PEPSI

Pepsi

Type Cola

Manufacturer PepsiCo.

Country of origin United States

Introduced

1898 (as Brad's Drink)

June 16, 1903 (as Pepsi-Cola)

1961 (as Pepsi)


40/78

Related products

Coca-Cola

RC Cola

Dr Pepper

Inca Kola

Irn Bru

Cola Turka

Big Cola

Website http://pepsi.com/

Pepsi is a soft drink that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. It is sold in retail

stores, restaurants, cinemas and from vending machines. The drink was first made in the

1890s by pharmacist Caleb Braham in New Bern, North Carolina. The brand was

trademarked on June 16, 1903. There have been many Pepsi variants produced over the

years since 1898, including Diet Pepsi, Crystal Pepsi, Pepsi Twist, Pepsi Max, Pepsi Free,

Pepsi AM, Pepsi Samba, Pepsi Blue, Pepsi Gold, Pepsi Holiday Spice, Pepsi Jazz, Vanilla

Pepsi, Pepsi X (available in Finland and Brazil), Pepsi Next (available in Japan and SouthKorea), Pepsi Raw, Pepsi Retro in Mexico, Pepsi One, Pepsi Ice Cucumber and Pepsi

White in Japan. In October 2008, Pepsi announced they would be redesigning its logo and

re-branding many of its products by early 2009.

In 2009, Pepsi, Diet Pepsi and Pepsi Max began using all lower-case fonts for name

brands, and Diet Pepsi Max was re-branded as Pepsi Max. The brand's blue and red globe

trademark became a series of "smiles," with the central white band arcing at different

angles depending on the product. As of January 2009,

Origins

Pepsi was originally named "Brad's Drink", after its creator, a pharmacist in New Bern,North Carolina. It was created in the summer of 1893 and was later renamed Pepsi Cola in

1898, possibly due the digestive enzyme pepsin and kola nuts used in the recipe.[1]

Bradham sought to create a fountain drink that was delicious and would aid in digestion

and boost energy.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irn_Bruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepsi#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irn_Bruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepsi#cite_note-0


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Another theory is that Bradham and his customers simply thought the name "Pepsi"

sounded good and reflected the fact that the drink had some kind of "pep" in it because it

was a carbonated drink.

And another theory is that the word Pepsi was chosen because it reflected phonetically the

sound of a can being opened, the sound "pop" "schi", was condensed and simplified in the

name "Pepsi". This theory can be considered folklore only, since at the time of the naming

of the drink, Pepsi was sold in glass bottles and not metal cans; and the pop top lid

producing Pepsi's oddly phonetic sound wouldn't be invented for another forty years.

In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his drugstore into a rented

warehouse. That year, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of syrup. The next year, Pepsi was sold

in six-ounce bottles, and sales increased to 19,848 gallons. In 1929, Pepsi received its first

logo redesign since the original design of 1905. In 1926, the logo was changed again. In

1929, automobile race pioneer Barney Oldfield endorsed Pepsi-Cola in newspaper ads as"A bully drink...refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race".

In 1931, the Pepsi-Cola Company went bankrupt during the Great Depression- in large part

due to financial losses incurred by speculating on wildly fluctuating sugar prices as a result

of World War I. Assets were sold and Roy C. Meagerly bought the Pepsi trademark. [3]

Eight years later, the company went bankrupt again. Pepsi's assets were then purchased by

Charles Guth, the President of Loft Inc.

Rise

During the Great Depression, Pepsi gained popularity following the introduction in 1936 of

a 12-ounce bottle. Initially priced at 10 cents, sales were slow, but when the price was

slashed to five cents, sales increased substantially. With a radio advertising campaign

featuring the jingle "Pepsi cola hits the spot / Twelve full ounces, that's a lot / Twice as

much for a nickel, too / Pepsi-Cola is the drink for you," Pepsi encouraged price-watching

consumers to switch, obliquely referring to the Coca-Cola standard of six ounces a bottle

for the price of five cents (a nickel), instead of the 12 ounces Pepsi sold at the same price.

Coming at a time of economic crisis, the campaign succeeded in boosting Pepsi's status. In

1936 alone 500,000,000 bottles of Pepsi were consumed. From 1936 to 1938, Pepsi-Cola's

profits doubled.
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Pepsi's success under Guth came while the Loft Candy business was faltering. Since he had

initially used Loft's finances and facilities to establish the new Pepsi success, the near-

bankrupt Loft Company sued Guth for possession of the Pepsi-Cola company. A long legal

battle then ensued, with the case reaching the Delaware Supreme Court and ultimately

ending in a loss for Guth.

Niche marketing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pepsi_targeted_ad_1940s.jpg


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Walter Mack was named the new President of Pepsi-Cola and guided the company through

the 1940s. Mack, who supported progressive causes, noticed that the company's strategy of

using advertising for a general audience either ignored African Americans or used ethnic

stereotypes in portraying blacks. He realized African Americans were an untapped niche

market and that Pepsi stood to gain market share by targeting its advertising directly

towards them. To this end, he hired Hennan Smith, an advertising executive "from the

Negro newspaper field to lead an all-black sales team, which had to be cut due to the onsetof World War II. In 1947, Mack resumed his efforts, hiring Edward F. Boyd to lead a

twelve-man team. They came up with advertising portraying black Americans in a positive

light, such as one with a smiling mother holding a six pack of Pepsi while her son (a young

Ron Brown, who grew up to be Secretary of Commerce reaches up for one. Another ad

campaign, titled "Leaders in Their Fields", profiled twenty prominent African Americans

such as Nobel Peace Prize winner Ralph Bunches and photographer Gordon Parks.

Boyd also led a sales team composed entirely of blacks around the country to promote

Pepsi. Racial segregation and Jim Crow laws were still in place throughout much of the

U.S., so Boyd's team faced a great deal of discrimination as a result, from insults by Pepsi

co-workers to threats by Ku Klux Klan. On the other hand, they were able to use racism as

a selling point, attacking Coke's reluctance to hire blacks and support by the chairman of

Coke to segregationist Governor of Georgia Herman Tallmadge.

As a result, Pepsi's market share as compared to Coke's shot up dramatically. After the

sales team visited Chicago, Pepsi's share in the city overtook that of Coke for the first time.

This focus on the market for black people caused some consternation within the company

and among its affiliates. They did not want to seem focused on black customers for fear

white customers would be pushed away. In a meeting at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, Mack

tried to assuage the 500 bottlers in attendance by pandering to them, saying, "We don't

want it to become known as a nigger drink. After Mack left the company in 1950, support

for the black sales team faded and it was cut.

Marketing
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A bottle of Pepsi with its 2003-2008 logo. This Pepsi logo is still used with Pepsi Wild

Cherry, Pepsi ONE, and in many countries.

In 1975, Pepsi introduced the Pepsi Challenge marketing campaign where PepsiCo set up a

blind tasting between Pepsi-Cola and rival Coca-Cola. During these blind taste tests the

majority of participants picked Pepsi as the better tasting of the two soft drinks. PepsiCo

took great advantage of the campaign with television commercials reporting the test results

to the public..

In 1976 Pepsi, RKO Bottlers in Toledo, Ohio hired the first female Pepsi salesperson,

Denise Muck, to coincide with the United States bicentennial celebration.

In 1996, PepsiCo launched the highly successful Pepsi Stuff marketing strategy. By 2002,

the strategy was cited by Promo Magazine as one of 16 "Ageless Wonders" that "helped

redefine promotion marketing."

In 2007, PepsiCo redesigned their cans for the fourteenth time, and for the first time,

included more than thirty different backgrounds on each can, introducing a new

background every three weeks.

One of their background designs includes a string of repetitive numbers 73774. This is a

numerical expression from a telephone keypad of the word "Pepsi."

In late 2008, Pepsi overhauled their entire brand, simultaneously introducing a new logo

and a minimalist label design. The redesign was comparable to Coca-Cola's earlier

simplification of their can and bottle designs. Due to the timing of the new logo release,

some have criticised the logo change, as the new logo looked strikingly similar to the logo

used for Osamas successful presidential campaign, implicating a bias towards the

President.Also in 4th quarter of 2008 Pepsi teamed up with Google/Youtube to produce the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pepsi_bottle.JPG


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first daily entertainment show on Youtube for Youtube. This daily show deals with pop

culture, internet viral videos, and celebrity gossip. Poptub is refreshed daily from Pepsi.

Since 2007, Pepsi, Lay's, and Gatorade have had a "Bring Home the Cup," contest for

Canada's biggest hockey fans. Hockey fans were asked to submit content (videos, pictures

or essays) for a chance at winning a party in their hometown with The Stanley Cup and

Mark Messier.

In 2009, "Bring Home the Cup," changed to "Team Up and Bring Home the Cup."

The new installment of the campaign asks for team involvement and an advocate to submit

content on behalf of their team for the chance to have the Stanley Cup delivered to the

team's hometown by Mark Messier.

Slogans


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A large advertisement made to resemble a Pepsi cup at Nickelodeon Universe in the Mall

of America.

The 2009 Pepsi bottle design.

1939-1950: "Twice as Much for a Nickel"

1950: "More Bounce to the Ounce"

1950-1957: "Any Weather is Pepsi Weather"

1957-1958: "Say Pepsi, Please"

1958-1961: "Be Sociable, Have a Pepsi"

1961-1963: "Now It's Pepsi for Those Who Think Young"

1963-1967: "Come Alive, You're in the Pepsi Generation".

1967-1969: "(Taste that beats the others cold) Pepsi Pours It On".

1969-1975: "You've Got a Lot to Live, and Pepsi's Got a Lot to Give"

1975-1977: "Have a Pepsi Day"

1977-1980: "Join the Pepsi People (Feeling Free)" 1980-1981: "Catch That Pepsi Spirit" David Lucas composer

1981-1983: "Pepsi's got your taste for life"

1983-1984: "Pepsi Now! Take the Challenge!"

1984-1991: "Pepsi. The Choice of a New Generation" (commercial with Michael

Jackson, featuring Pepsi version of Billie Jean)

1986-1987: "We've Got The Taste" (commercial with Tina Turner)


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1987-1990: "Pepsi's Cool" (commercial with Michael Jackson, featuring Pepsi

version ofBad)

1990-1991: "You got the right one Baby UH HUH" ( sung by Ray Charles for Diet

Pepsi )

1991-1992: "Gotta Have It"/"Chill Out"

1992-1993: "Be Young, Have Fun, Drink Pepsi"

1993-1994: "Right Now"Van Halen song for the Crystal Pepsi advertisment. 1994-1995: "Double Dutch Bus" Pepsi song sung by Brad Bentz.

1995: "Nothing Else is a Pepsi"

1995-1996: "Drink Pepsi. Get Stuff." Pepsi Stuff campaign

1996-1997: "Pepsi: There's nothing official about it" (During the Wills World Cup

(cricket) held in India/Pakistan/Sri Lanka)

1997-1998: "Generation Next" - with the Spice Girls.

1998-1999: "It's the cola" (100th anniversary commercial)

1999-2000: "For Those Who Think Young"/"The Joy of Pepsi-Cola" (commercial

with Britney Spears/commercial with Mary J. Blige)

2000-2003: "Aazadi dil ki" (Hindi - meaning "Freedom of the Heart")(India)

2003: "It's the Cola"/"Dare for More" (Pepsi Commercial)

2003-2005: "Yeh Pyas Hai Badi" (Hindi meaning "This thirst is too much")(India)

2005-2006: "An ice cold Pepsi. It's better than sex!" (Larry Sypolt)

2006-2007: "Why You Doggin' Me"/"Taste the one that's forever young"

Commercial featuring Mary J. Blige

2007-2008: "More Happy"/"Taste the once that's forever young" (Michael

Alexander)

2008: "Yeh hai Youngistaan Meri Jaan!" (India)

2008: "Pepsi Stuff" Super Bowl Commercial (Justin Timberlake)

2008: "epsi is #1" v commercial (Luke Rosin)

2008: "Pepsify karo gai!" Commercial (Urdu - meaning "Wanna Pepsify!")

(Pakistan) (Featuring. Adnan Sami and Annie)

2008-2009: "Something for Everyone."

2009-present: "Refresh Everything" and (during many commercials) "Every

Generation Refreshes The World"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Halenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adnan_Samihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Halenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adnan_Sami


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Pepsi man

Main article: Pepsi man

Pepsi man is an official Pepsi mascot from Pepsi's Japanese corporate branch. The design

of the Pepsi man character is attributed to Canadian comic book artist Travis Charest,

created sometime around the mid 1990s. Pepsi man took on three different outfits, each one

representing the current style of the Pepsi can in distribution. Twelve commercials were

created featuring the Pepsiman. His role in the advertisements is to appear with Pepsi to

thirsty people or people craving soda. Pepsiman happens to appear at just the right time


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with the product. After delivering the beverage, sometimes Pepsi man would encounter a

difficult and action oriented situation which would result in injury.

Pepsi man was featured as a Japanese Exclusive Transformers toy "Pepsi Convoy," which

was based on G1 Optimum Prime. In 1996, Sega-AM2 released the Sega Saturn version of

their arcade fighting game Fighting Vipers. In this game Pepsi man was included as a

special character, with his specialty listed as being the ability to "quench one's thirst". He

does not appear in any other version or sequel. In 1999, KID developed a video game for

the PlayStation entitled Pepsi man. As Pepsi man, the player runs, skateboards, rolls, and

stumbles through various areas, avoiding dangers and collecting cans of Pepsi all while

trying to reach a thirsty person as in the commercials.

Bans in India

Pepsi arrived on the black market in India in 1988. In 2003 and again in 2006, the Centre

for Science and Environment (CSE), a non-governmental organization in New Delhi,

claimed that soda drinks produced by manufacturers in India, including both Pepsi and

Coca-Cola, had dangerously high levels of pesticides in their drinks. Both PepsiCo and The

Coca-Cola Company maintain that their drinks are safe for consumption and have

published newspaper advertisements that say pesticide levels in their products are less than

those in other foods such as tea, fruit and dairy products. In the Indian state of Kerala, sale

and production of Pepsi-Cola, along with other soft drinks, were banned in 2006 following

partial bans on the drinks in schools, colleges and hospitals in five other Indian states.

Rivalry with Coca-Cola

According to Consumer Reports, in the 1970s, the rivalry continued to heat up the market.

Pepsi conducted blind taste tests in stores, in what was called the "Pepsi Challenge". These

tests suggested that more consumers preferred the taste of Pepsi (which is believed to have

more lemon oil, less orange oil, and uses vanillin rather than vanilla) to Coke. The sales of

Pepsi started to climb, and Pepsi kicked off the "Challenge" across the nation. This became

known as the "Cola Wars."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keralahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerala


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In 1985, The Coca-Cola Company, amid much publicity, changed its formula. The theory

has been advanced that New


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Fanta is a global

brand of fruit-flavored soft drinks from the the Coca-Cola Company. There are over 70

flavors worldwide, however most of them are only available in certain countries.

History

Fanta has its origins in Germany, when a trading ban was placed on that nation by the

Allies during World War II. The Coca-Cola company therefore was not able to import the

syrup needed to produce Coca-Cola in Germany. As a result, their chief chemist, Dr.

Schetelig, decided to create a new product for the German market created using only

ingredients available in Germany. The Coca-Cola company called the new product Fanta.

Primary competitors to Fanta have included Tango, Miranda, Slice, Orange Crush, and

Tropicana Twister. Fanta was the second drink to be produced by Coca-Cola, apart from

the original Coca-Cola.

Ingredients

The composition of Fanta, for the same flavor, varies from country to country. For

example, the European Fanta Orange has orange juice (in varying percentages), whereas

the US formulation does not [6]. The Australian version is 5% fruit juice, and South

American formulations also have orange juice, especially in Brazil, where Fanta is 10%

orange juice. These differences mean the taste of Fanta differs greatly from country to

country, more so than regular Coca Cola, and may in part explain why the drink's

popularity varies so much between different countries. Difference in coloring can be

observed internationally, for example European Fanta Orange is a light orange almost

yellow, in Latin and North American markets, deep orange coloring is used.

FantaType Soft drink


Country of origin Germany

Introduced 1940
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanta#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanta#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanta#cite_note-5


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Spanish Fanta Orange formulation:

Carbonated water, sugar, 8% orange juice from concentrate, acidity regulator E-330 (citric

acid), aromas, preserver E-211 (sodium benzoate), stabilizers E-414 (gum Arabic), E-412

(guar gum), E-445, antioxidant E-300 (ascorbic acid), food coloring E-160a (Carotene) and

gelatin (made from fish).

United States Fanta Orange formulation:

Carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup, citric acid, sodium benzoate, modified food

starch, natural and artificial flavors, sucrose acetate isobutyrate, sodium polyphosphates,

coconut oil, yellow 6, brominates vegetable oil, red 40, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate.

British Fanta Orange formulation:

Carbonated water, sugar (from beet and/or cane), orange fruit from concentrate (5%), citricacid, vegetable extracts (carrot, pumpkin), preservative (potassium sorbate), natural

flavourings, sweeteners (sodium saccharin, aspartame), acidity regulator (sodium citrate)

Italian Fanta Orange formulation:

Water, 12% orange juice, sugar, carbon dioxide, citric acid, flavorings, preservative

(potassium sorbets), stabilizer (gum Arabic), antioxidant (ascorbic acid)

The combination of sodium benzoate and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in some soft drinks

may potentially lead to the formation of benzene. Benzene is a known carcinogen.

However, Fanta has not been shown to contain benzene above the limits set by the United

States Environmental Protection Agency for drinking water.

International availability

There are over 70 different flavors worldwide. For example, in Romania, Macedonia, and

some other countries, there is "Fanta Shokata" based on the traditional Romanian and

Balkan drink Socat, made from elderflower (a wordplay between "soc"- elderberry in

Romanian- and "shock"). In Switzerland and the Netherlands, the local fruit, blackcurrant,

is used to produce Fanta as well. Some identical flavors have different names in different

markets. The classic orange, for example, was rebranded "Fanta Funky Orange" in 2003.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socat%C4%83http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socat%C4%83


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External links

Fanta Games - Virtual Tennis and Crew

History of Coca-cola and Fanta complete with pictures

Fanta official website

Fanta on Coca-cola.com

The Reich Stuff: Was Fanta Invented by the Nazis? (from Snopes.com)

Coke phasing out Minute Maid soft drinks

References

1. http://www.snopes.com/cokelore/fanta.asp


http://www.snopes.com/cokelore/fanta.asphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snopes.comhttp://www.snopes.com/cokelore/fanta.asphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snopes.com


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Objective

1. To know the marketing strategy of different soft drinks companies.


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2. To know the advertisement tricks of different soft drinks companies.

Research Methodology

TYPE:

The type of research used in this study is descriptive research. Such

Researches include surveys, fact finding, and enquiry methods of different types.

Descriptive research describes the state of affairs, as it exists at present. Here researcher

has no control over the variables. He generally reports what has occurred or what may

happen in future. Descriptive Research also termed as ex post facto research. Methods of

research used in descriptive research are survey methods of all kinds.


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SAMPLING:

The sampling method used is in this study is stratified random sample. Sometimes

certain customers are more important than the rest of the customers. In such a case

stratified random sampling is used. Under this method the samples are weighted in the

basis of importance of various segments comprising the market. The amount of sample is

100

ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION

Q1. Which age group do you belong?

Age Respondents

Below 20 38%

20-25 49%

25-30 4%

Above 30 9%


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38%

49%

4%

9%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

Below 20 20-25 25-30 Above 30

Interpretation

Form the above table and graph shows that 38%, 49%, 4% & 9% of people are below 20,20-25, 25-30 & above 30.age respectively.

2. what is your monthly income?

Income Respondents

Below 5000 35%5000-10000 20%

10000-15000 14%

Above 15000 31%


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35%

20%

14%

31%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Below 5000 500

Documents

Rakesh Singh Project