Rainforestation: A Paradi gm Shift inrainforestation.ph/news/pdfs/Milan.pdfRainforestation Farming: A Paradigm Shift in Forest Restoration PPMilan PACIENCIA P. MILAN, PhD University

Rainforestation Farming: A Paradigm Shift in Forest

Restoration

PPMilan

PACIENCIA P. MILAN, PhDUniversity Professor

Visayas State University

Rainforestation: A Paradigm Shift in Forest Restoration in the

Philippines for Sustainability and Climate Change Mitigation


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Rainforestation: A Paradigm Shift in Forest

Restoration in the Philippines for

Sustainability and Climate Change Mitigation

INTRODUCTIONRAINFORESTATION CONCEPT

Planting SchemeNative Tree Species used in RFRainforestation Farming

RAINFORESTATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION

RAINFORESTATION INITIATIVESCHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVE

OUTLINE


Planting SchemeNative Tree Species used in RF

RAINFORESTATION FARMINGRAINFORESTATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION



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Farmers continue to cut down trees to give way for more agriculture lands and for economic reasons foremost.






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Forest loss in Leyte

Source: Nueberger, 2005

1900 2005


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Source: Nueberger, 2005


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Most reforestation efforts in the Philippines focus on the development of forestry and agro-forestry system using tree species which are introduced because they are selected for their fast growth and easy germination. The species composition of the original forest that once covered the land prior to logging are rarely taken into account .





Milan and Margraf, 1996


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Rainforestationas an option for rural development and

biodiversity conservation

• uses native/local trees of the area to bereforested (biodiversity)

• gives importance on improvement ofstructural habitat to support wildlife(habitat restoration)

• supports sustainable developmentthrough organic practices in agriculturaland forestry production (agroforestry)

• provides ecological services(watershed)






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Operational Framework of Rainforestation

• Habitat restoration• Biodiversity conservation• Provision of ecological functions/

services


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PLANTING SCHEME






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Sun demanding local forest tree species recommended for RF on degraded limestone hills (in decreasing order of productivity).

Official Scientific NameLocal Name

Kalumpit Terminalia microcarpa

Anislag Securinega flexuosa

Bagalunga Melia dubia

Dao Dracontomelon dao

Ipil Intsia bijuga

Mntn. Agoho Casuarina nodiflora

Kamagong Diospyros philippenensis

Bahay Ormosia calavensis

Molave Vitex parviflora

Lingo-lingo Vitex turczaninowii









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Shade loving local forest tree species of Leyte Leyte recommended for RF on volcanic soils

Palosapis Anisoptera thurifera Apitong Dipterocarpus grandiflorus HairyApitong Dipterocarpus philippinensis Hagakhak Dipterocarpus warburgii Manggachapui Hopea acuminata Dalingdingan Hopea foxworthyi Gisok-gisok Hopea philippinensis Yakal-kaliot Hopea malibato Bagtikan Parashorea malaanonan White Lauan Shorea contorta Almon Shorea almonGuijo Shorea guiso Yakal-malibato Shorea malibato Red lauan Shorea negrosensis Tangile Shorea polysperma Mayapis Shorea palosapisKamagong Diospyros philippensisTalakatak Castanopsis philippinensisUlaian Lithocarpus pruinosaDungon Heritiera sylvaticaKulatingan Pterospermum obliquumBalobo Diplodiscus paniculatus

Official Scientific NameLocal Name









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Rainforestation Farming Supports Forest Biodiversity

Many soil organisms help potential decomposers such as fungi and bacteria speed up decomposition of solid waste in the environment. Their presence in the ecosystem play an important role. With a cool, moist soil condition in the Rainforestation Farm, their efficiency to decompose is enhanced.

The famous tarsier is found in Leyte especially in rehabilitated areas.


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Many Philippine birds and insects depend on the forest ecosystem for survival.

Frogs and other amphibians and reptiles are also part of the biodiversity whose existence depend on the forest ecosystem.

Rainforestation Farming Supports Forest Biodiversity


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Reasons why the utilization of indigenous Philippine forest tree species received

minimal support in reforestation programs

• native species especially dipterocarps grow slow;

• dipterocarps fruit only about every 3-5 yearsdepending on species and locality;

• not enough seedling materials can be produced ina short time because nursery management ofnative species are not fully studied;

• dipterocarp seedlings (but not all) and other nativespecies require shade and cannot be used toreforest open areas, e.g. grasslands; and

• local lumber species have higher wood quality butnot propagated, hence, the mother trees becomevery rare and seed material is even less available.






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Impacts of non-Philippine species has onthe remaining Phil. Forest ecosystems:

• Fast growing exotics have low wood quality; hence, high quality forest trees still need to be harvested in their natural environment; so timber poaching and illegal logging continue;

• The monoculture of exotic trees:- does not support the survival of wildlife

species of the Phil. Rainforests some of which are important pollinators and distributors of seeds,

- lead to the erosion of biodiversity - ultimately the extinction of species;


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• Local lumber species have higher wood qualitybut not propagated, hence, the mother treesbecome very rare and seed material is even lessavailable;

• The fast growing exotics are mostly pioneerspecies with a short life span which support amanagement of repeated clear cutting andexhaustion of the soil nutrients, makingreforestation more and more difficult;

• Growing of monoculture stand of forest treesare vulnerable to pest attack that can led to thecomplete failure of reforestation.


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Effects of Rainforestation on Site Quality

1. Improvement of soil chemical properties;

2. Improvement of soil structure and water holding capacity;

3. Improvement of soil organic matter and soil color;

4. Improvement of nutrient status;

5. Improvement of biological activity; and

6. Improvement of microclimate


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A farming system that closely resembles thestructure of a natural Philippine rainforestecosystems or home gardens that promotes theuse of native or local trees commonly growing inthe area.

It is based on a preliminary working hypothesisthat the closer a farming system in the humidtropic is to its natural ecosystem, the moresustainable it is.

It evolves from various efforts to sustain humanfood production and simultaneously preserve thebiodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems and their vitalfunctions to mankind

It considers farming systems to support livelihoodto increase farmer income

What is Rainforestation Farming?






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Lanzones






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1. To replace the more destructive forms of slash-and-burn or kaingin practices

2. To form a buffer-zone around the primary forest

3. To protect forest biodiversity

4. To help maintain the water cycle and other ecological services of forest

5. To provide farmers with higher income

OBJECTIVES






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Global Warming






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Consequences of Climate Change

Sea level riseOcean acidificationRise in temperatureLoss of biodiversityHigh health riskPoor productivityHabitat loss






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Sustainability and Climate Change Mitigation Rainforestation is a

strategy to Mitigate Climate ChangeINTRODUCTION

RAINFORESTATION CONCEPTPlanting SchemeNative Tree Species used in RFRainforestation Farming




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Economic and environmental benefits of selected RF sites

* calculated in the frame of the Clean Development Mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol** price for permanent CER is assumed $10 (based from PointCarbon 2004) an is calculated using a discounted rate of 8.2% within

a period of 10 years of RF implementation


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Sustainability and Climate Change Mitigation Challenges and

PerspectiveINTRODUCTIONRAINFORESTATION CONCEPT





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• After 16 years of Rainforestation advocacy and implementation, a total of 183.34 hectares demo farms were established

• Issuance of DENR MC 2004-06

• Rainforestation is used as a strategy in establishing biodiversity corridors in existing national parks and certificates of ancestral domain claim or title

• Rainforestation is used as a strategy for the implementation of ROAD 2020

• Rainforestation evolved in different typologies

Major Accomplishments

Geographical distribution of Rainforestation Farms in the Philippines


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Improve our program on:





-education of local communities

-promotion of sustainable use of resources, responsible entrepreneurship and ecotourism

-compensation of displaced people through training in better agriculture production

-establishing research facilities for training, local scientists, guides and forest collaborators


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Thank you!





Documents

Rainforestation: A Paradi gm Shift inrainforestation.ph/news/pdfs/Milan.pdfRainforestation Farming: A Paradigm Shift in Forest Restoration PPMilan PACIENCIA P. MILAN, PhD University