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Water, Land and Ecosystems
Water• Surface• Groundwater• Irrigated/rainfed• Demand/supply
– Physical– Economic Society
• Social• Economic• Cultural
Land• Crops• Livestock• Trees• Urbanisation
ECOSYSTEMS
0
200,
000
400,
000
600,
000
800,
000
1,00
0,00
0
1,20
0,00
00
0.00002
0.00004
0.00006
0.00008
0.0001
0.00012
0.00014
Arab World
Sub-Saharan Africa (developing only)
Burkina Faso
Bangladesh
India
Pakistan
China
Vietnam
Thailand
Brazil
Colombia
Area (SqKm)
Cer
eal
Pro
du
ctio
n p
er A
rea
per
Cap
ita
Data: World Bank
Providing more food whilst maintaining ecosystem functioning
ES and policy
• Ecosystem Services increasingly underpinning international policy development.
• Watershed-scale ecosystems as the focus of political and economic activity.
• Framework for spatial targetting and landscape planning
• MEA vision: Local institutions are strengthened and local ecosystem management strategies are common; societies develop a strongly proactive approach to the management of ecosystems
Rainfed problem sets
1. Recapitalising African soils and reducing land degradation (water, nutrients, biota and C)
2. Revitalising productivity on responsive soils (information, value chains and incentives based)
3. Increasing agricultural production whilst enhancing biodiversity- intensification and trade-offs
4. Enhancing availability and access to water and land for pastoralists (trade-offs)
5. Reducing risk by provision of supplemental irrigation (resilience)
• CRP links 1.1, 1.2, 2, 7
Rainfed- Basins SRP’s:Synergies and Gaps
Synergies• Ecosystem approach based on stocks and flows• Common platforms• Continuum to irrigated agro-ecosystems
Gaps• Other basin land uses: Trees, urbanisation• Basin scenarios for future development trajectories• Critical thresholds/ tipping point metrics?
Possible Scenarios
• What ES can a basin produce?• What does society want it to produce?• How will this vary, with different drivers:
– Population– Climate Change